Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E71200
Jean Gabriel Castro da Costa
In this article we analyze the use that agonistic theorists of democracy have made of Nietzsche’s philosophy with a focus on one of their main normative propositions: the idea of “agonisticrespect”. In the first section we present general characteristics of the appropriation of Nietzsche’s philosophy by the agonistic theorists of democracy. In the second section we present what William Connolly and Lawrence Hatab mean by “agonistic respect” and “democratic respect”.In the third section we criticize these appropriations of Nietzsche’s philosophy using Nietzsche’s own texts, pointing out some limits of the notion of agonistic respect and claiming that these theorists use Nietzsche to promote a laisser aller ethics that was severely criticized by him.
{"title":"Laisser aller e respeito agonístico: considerações sobre as apropriações agonísticas da filosofia de Nietzsche","authors":"Jean Gabriel Castro da Costa","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E71200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E71200","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we analyze the use that agonistic theorists of democracy have made of Nietzsche’s philosophy with a focus on one of their main normative propositions: the idea of “agonisticrespect”. In the first section we present general characteristics of the appropriation of Nietzsche’s philosophy by the agonistic theorists of democracy. In the second section we present what William Connolly and Lawrence Hatab mean by “agonistic respect” and “democratic respect”.In the third section we criticize these appropriations of Nietzsche’s philosophy using Nietzsche’s own texts, pointing out some limits of the notion of agonistic respect and claiming that these theorists use Nietzsche to promote a laisser aller ethics that was severely criticized by him.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48146985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75323
Marcia da Silva Mazon
The purpose of the article is to situate the moment of change – both in articles and in research procedures – that marks DSM-III as a way of approaching psychiatric disorders, placing the pharmaceutical industry in the making of new discourses. This is the moment for the reemergence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and marks the confrontation with the Freudian psychodynamic approach that will be supported by the alternative of tests and statistical procedures. What is the context of these changes? We mobilize authors from economic sociology to think of the drug market as a field of struggle – struggle around the criteria for classifying reality – as well as the dynamics of interaction with the field of health. The article starts from bibliographic research and document analysis. The argument is that the nosology of ADHD, like any other cultural arbitrary, is not neutral and expresses power relations. If several researches point to medical power as biopolitical power, it is possible to see how new arrangements between the pharmaceutical industry and psychiatry expand the scope of the first to reach adolescence and childhood, adding the role of the pharmaceutical industry as biopolitical reinforcement
{"title":"Dos diagnósticos aos manuais: mercado farmacêutico e transtornos mentais da infância em questão","authors":"Marcia da Silva Mazon","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75323","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to situate the moment of change – both in articles and in research procedures – that marks DSM-III as a way of approaching psychiatric disorders, placing the pharmaceutical industry in the making of new discourses. This is the moment for the reemergence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and marks the confrontation with the Freudian psychodynamic approach that will be supported by the alternative of tests and statistical procedures. What is the context of these changes? We mobilize authors from economic sociology to think of the drug market as a field of struggle – struggle around the criteria for classifying reality – as well as the dynamics of interaction with the field of health. The article starts from bibliographic research and document analysis. The argument is that the nosology of ADHD, like any other cultural arbitrary, is not neutral and expresses power relations. If several researches point to medical power as biopolitical power, it is possible to see how new arrangements between the pharmaceutical industry and psychiatry expand the scope of the first to reach adolescence and childhood, adding the role of the pharmaceutical industry as biopolitical reinforcement","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48410502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E74538
Sandra Caponi
The prescription and wide acceptance of the use of classic and atypical antipsychotics in childhood and adolescence was legitimated by relying on the supposed therapeutic and curative functions of these drugs. Taking as a starting point the distinction of two explanatory models of action of psychoactive drugs, one centered on the disease and the other centered on the drug, I analyze how the pharmaceutical industry has contributed, with its marketing strategies, to the dissemination of a triumphalist narrative that naturalized the use of antipsychotics as a curefor psychiatric diseases. The two psychopharmaceuticals analyzed are chlorpromazine, a classic antipsychotic, and risperidone, an atypical, state-of-the-art antipsychotic.
{"title":"A psicofarmacologização da infância e o modelo de ação da droga centrado na doença","authors":"Sandra Caponi","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E74538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E74538","url":null,"abstract":"The prescription and wide acceptance of the use of classic and atypical antipsychotics in childhood and adolescence was legitimated by relying on the supposed therapeutic and curative functions of these drugs. Taking as a starting point the distinction of two explanatory models of action of psychoactive drugs, one centered on the disease and the other centered on the drug, I analyze how the pharmaceutical industry has contributed, with its marketing strategies, to the dissemination of a triumphalist narrative that naturalized the use of antipsychotics as a curefor psychiatric diseases. The two psychopharmaceuticals analyzed are chlorpromazine, a classic antipsychotic, and risperidone, an atypical, state-of-the-art antipsychotic.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44724894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75356
M. Mitjavila
The article examines the medicalization processes of disruptive behaviors in childhood from the point of view of their codification by psychiatric knowledge. Four phases of the medicalizing processes of childhood considered socially problematic and their articulations with biopolitical strategies for managing the abnormality are presented
{"title":"Sobre la medicalización de la infancia socialmente problemática: objetos y trayectorias de la psiquiatría","authors":"M. Mitjavila","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75356","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the medicalization processes of disruptive behaviors in childhood from the point of view of their codification by psychiatric knowledge. Four phases of the medicalizing processes of childhood considered socially problematic and their articulations with biopolitical strategies for managing the abnormality are presented","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41443535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E74912
Letícia Hummel do Amaral
In this article, the emergence and dissemination of specialized knowledge in developmental psychiatry for childhood and adolescence in Brazil were discussed. A bibliographic and documentary investigation was carried out – in which I highlight an analysis of the reports (INPD, 2018, 2019) describing its researches and activities – and through which it was possible to observe that these new arrangements in psychiatry arise from of its approach to neurosciences in the last decades, and configure a theoretical model whose foundations are based on explanations about brain development. By establishing a research agenda with children and teenagers, recruited directly from some selected schools, specialists in developmental psychiatry aim to identify, at an earlier age, individuals at risk of developing mental disorders and, thus, create diagnostic andtherapeutic technologies that work in the scope of prevention. The analysis of the initiatives carried out by this group of psychiatrists – researchers at the University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP),Federal University of Sao Paulo (USP) and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) – over the past decade allows us to state that the legitimation and diffusion of this new psychiatry’sparadigm in society contributes strongly to the expansion of the medicalization of childhood andof the school space within the country
{"title":"Novos arranjos em psiquiatria da infância e adolescência no Brasil do século XXI: a prevenção e o controle de risco em foco","authors":"Letícia Hummel do Amaral","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E74912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E74912","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the emergence and dissemination of specialized knowledge in developmental psychiatry for childhood and adolescence in Brazil were discussed. A bibliographic and documentary investigation was carried out – in which I highlight an analysis of the reports (INPD, 2018, 2019) describing its researches and activities – and through which it was possible to observe that these new arrangements in psychiatry arise from of its approach to neurosciences in the last decades, and configure a theoretical model whose foundations are based on explanations about brain development. By establishing a research agenda with children and teenagers, recruited directly from some selected schools, specialists in developmental psychiatry aim to identify, at an earlier age, individuals at risk of developing mental disorders and, thus, create diagnostic andtherapeutic technologies that work in the scope of prevention. The analysis of the initiatives carried out by this group of psychiatrists – researchers at the University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP),Federal University of Sao Paulo (USP) and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) – over the past decade allows us to state that the legitimation and diffusion of this new psychiatry’sparadigm in society contributes strongly to the expansion of the medicalization of childhood andof the school space within the country","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45709406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E73724
Leandro de Lajonquière
In order to inquire about the functioning and status of the implementation of the “inclusiveschool”, the text presents and develops the notion of (psycho)pedagogical illusion. Thisis considered a key part of the naturalizing pedagogical ideal. Thus, it is claimed that the old pedagogical naturalism that established an essential difference between “normal” and “abnormal” – enough for them to be prevented from going to ordinary schools –, today, paradoxically gives rise to the idea of “special educational needs”, proposed by the Salamanca Statement (1994). This notion gives scope, in turn, for the practices of “diagnosing” and “labeling” children. Such a gesture, particularly widespread in Brazil, impoverishes the school experience of children, condemning them to the condition of “excluded from within”. It is proposed, then, in the context of psychoanalytic studies in education, the epistemological subversion of the naturalizing ideal, responsible for the obstacles imposed on the event of a worthy education.
{"title":"Por uma escola inclusiva ou da necessária subversão do discurso (psico)pedagógico hegemónico","authors":"Leandro de Lajonquière","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E73724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E73724","url":null,"abstract":"In order to inquire about the functioning and status of the implementation of the “inclusiveschool”, the text presents and develops the notion of (psycho)pedagogical illusion. Thisis considered a key part of the naturalizing pedagogical ideal. Thus, it is claimed that the old pedagogical naturalism that established an essential difference between “normal” and “abnormal” – enough for them to be prevented from going to ordinary schools –, today, paradoxically gives rise to the idea of “special educational needs”, proposed by the Salamanca Statement (1994). This notion gives scope, in turn, for the practices of “diagnosing” and “labeling” children. Such a gesture, particularly widespread in Brazil, impoverishes the school experience of children, condemning them to the condition of “excluded from within”. It is proposed, then, in the context of psychoanalytic studies in education, the epistemological subversion of the naturalizing ideal, responsible for the obstacles imposed on the event of a worthy education.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48573347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E67408
T. Rodrigues
This paper investigates the ongoing party realignment process in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The article studies the parties of the governors and senators elected by direct vote in Rio de Janeiro between 1982 and 2018. Besides the governors, the article studies the parties elected for theLegislative Assembly of the State of Rio de Janeiro (ALERJ) and for the Chamber of Deputies throughout that period. The research confirmed the hypothesis of the recent party realignment inRio de Janeiro and identified that with the electoral decline of brizolismo and with the arrest of the main local leaders of the PMDB since 2016, the traditional political center of the state – PDT by the center-left and PMDB by center-right – imploded and new parties from the extremes of the political spectrum emerged as PSL, PRB and PSC on the right, and PSOL on the left.
{"title":"Realinhamentos Partidários no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (1982-2018)","authors":"T. Rodrigues","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E67408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E67408","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the ongoing party realignment process in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The article studies the parties of the governors and senators elected by direct vote in Rio de Janeiro between 1982 and 2018. Besides the governors, the article studies the parties elected for theLegislative Assembly of the State of Rio de Janeiro (ALERJ) and for the Chamber of Deputies throughout that period. The research confirmed the hypothesis of the recent party realignment inRio de Janeiro and identified that with the electoral decline of brizolismo and with the arrest of the main local leaders of the PMDB since 2016, the traditional political center of the state – PDT by the center-left and PMDB by center-right – imploded and new parties from the extremes of the political spectrum emerged as PSL, PRB and PSC on the right, and PSOL on the left.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48254428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E79142
Samuel Boussion
This article focuses on the projects of individual medical-pedagogical notebooks for children and their evolution. In the course of the twentieth century, numerous attempts were made to introduce a health record that would also take account of psychological and pedagogical data. They were initially aimed at school hygiene, but they were also deployed in the field of prophylaxis, in order to detect “abnormal” children, and later in the field of vocational guidance. The Second World War also produced a different approach, in terms of rationalizing the child’s health and psychological writings, seeking to take into account the events and what they may have caused in the child, without abandoning the old categories, linked to the biological. No doubt the novelties are to be found more in what we intend to entrust the medical and educational notebook to the children, but this parenthesis will soon be closed and finally fade away in the face of criticism of what is then considered to be social control.
{"title":"Escritos médico-psicopedagógicos sobre a criança: os projetos de caderneta individual no século XX","authors":"Samuel Boussion","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E79142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E79142","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the projects of individual medical-pedagogical notebooks for children and their evolution. In the course of the twentieth century, numerous attempts were made to introduce a health record that would also take account of psychological and pedagogical data. They were initially aimed at school hygiene, but they were also deployed in the field of prophylaxis, in order to detect “abnormal” children, and later in the field of vocational guidance. The Second World War also produced a different approach, in terms of rationalizing the child’s health and psychological writings, seeking to take into account the events and what they may have caused in the child, without abandoning the old categories, linked to the biological. No doubt the novelties are to be found more in what we intend to entrust the medical and educational notebook to the children, but this parenthesis will soon be closed and finally fade away in the face of criticism of what is then considered to be social control.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41855601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E74324
E. Bianchi, S. Faraone, Flavia Torricelli
The general objective is to contribute to a panoramic view of the phenomenon of the medicalizationof ADHD in Argentina, and to discussions about the dissemination of knowledge about childhood. The analysis is part of studies on the transformation and expansion of medicalization in the XXI century, and the processes of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are addressed. The article presents data from 1) world production and consumption of methylphenidate, and data fromArgentina from 2) import of methylphenidate as monodrug (2003-2016); 3) dispensed containersof atomoxetine and methylphenidate (2005-2010 and 2012-2016). These data are triangulated with qualitative sources: 84 semi-structured interviews, individual and group, between 2007 and 2017, to health professionals with clinical, teaching and research activities in the City of BuenosAires, Tierra del Fuego, Corrientes and Salta. Consonant and dissonant Argentine trends with these processes are described and analyzed worldwide.
{"title":"Medicalización del TDAH en Argentina. Reflexiones sobre tendencias globales y especificidades locales a través del estudio del metilfenidato y la atomoxetina","authors":"E. Bianchi, S. Faraone, Flavia Torricelli","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E74324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E74324","url":null,"abstract":"The general objective is to contribute to a panoramic view of the phenomenon of the medicalizationof ADHD in Argentina, and to discussions about the dissemination of knowledge about childhood. The analysis is part of studies on the transformation and expansion of medicalization in the XXI century, and the processes of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are addressed. The article presents data from 1) world production and consumption of methylphenidate, and data fromArgentina from 2) import of methylphenidate as monodrug (2003-2016); 3) dispensed containersof atomoxetine and methylphenidate (2005-2010 and 2012-2016). These data are triangulated with qualitative sources: 84 semi-structured interviews, individual and group, between 2007 and 2017, to health professionals with clinical, teaching and research activities in the City of BuenosAires, Tierra del Fuego, Corrientes and Salta. Consonant and dissonant Argentine trends with these processes are described and analyzed worldwide.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45234152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1177/0032329220965395
G. Seidman
This essay, written in memory of Erik Olin Wright (1947–2019), explores Wright’s shift from a decades-long effort to map class structures in industrial societies to a search for paths to a more egalitarian future, pointing to the key role of feminist theory in that shift.
{"title":"Class, Gender, and Utopian Community: In Memory of Erik Olin Wright*","authors":"G. Seidman","doi":"10.1177/0032329220965395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329220965395","url":null,"abstract":"This essay, written in memory of Erik Olin Wright (1947–2019), explores Wright’s shift from a decades-long effort to map class structures in industrial societies to a search for paths to a more egalitarian future, pointing to the key role of feminist theory in that shift.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0032329220965395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42136903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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