Youth & Society最新文献

英文中文

Latinx Adolescent Perspectives on the Effects of United States Immigration Policy on Wellbeing 美国移民政策对健康影响的拉丁裔青少年视角

IF 2 3区社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES

Youth & Society

Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X221102189

Marissa Raymond-Flesch, M. Comfort, C. Auerswald, Linda McGlone, Marisol Chavez, Sophia Comas, E. N. Browne, A. Minnis

In a prospective cohort study of Latinx adolescents living in an agricultural county in California, we examined perceptions of federal immigration policy and its effects on community and individual wellbeing. From May to December 2017, 565 youth responded to an open-ended item integrated into ongoing surveys. Median age was 14 (range 13–16 years), 53% female, and 94% Latinx. About 12% were immigrants, 71% children of immigrant parents, and 52% had a parent employed in farm work. Most (78%) indicated they directly experienced or observed effects of current federal immigration policies. Adolescents described anti-immigrant sentiment as heightening discrimination, isolation, fear, and mental health changes. They also perceived constraints on future educational and employment opportunities. These findings suggest that the federal immigration policy environment can negatively impact the wellbeing of youth in Latinx communities and that immigration policy should be considered a social determinant of health.

在一项针对居住在加利福尼亚州一个农业县的拉丁裔青少年的前瞻性队列研究中，我们调查了人们对联邦移民政策的看法及其对社区和个人福祉的影响。2017年5月至12月，565名青年对纳入正在进行的调查的不限成员名额项目作出了回应。中位年龄为14岁（13-16岁）年龄），53%为女性，94%为拉丁裔。大约12%是移民，71%是移民父母的子女，52%的父母从事农业工作。大多数人（78%）表示，他们直接经历或观察到了当前联邦移民政策的影响。青少年将反移民情绪描述为加剧歧视、孤立、恐惧和心理健康变化。他们还认为未来的教育和就业机会受到限制。这些发现表明，联邦移民政策环境会对拉丁裔社区青年的福祉产生负面影响，移民政策应被视为健康的社会决定因素。

引用次数: 1

Shifting Culture and Minds: Immigrant-Origin Youth Building Critical Consciousness on Social Media 文化和思想的转变：移民青年在社交媒体上建立批判意识

IF 2 3区社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES

Youth & Society

Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X221103890

Sara Wilf, Elena Maker Castro, Kedar Garzón Gupta, Laura Wray‐Lake

This multi-method qualitative study explores how immigrant-origin (I-O) youth express civic engagement on social media, and how youths’ immigrant identities shape their online civic engagement. We analyzed 2,203 Twitter posts collected over a 6-month period from 32 racially and ethnically diverse I-O youth (an average of 69 posts per participant). Interviews with 11 participants supplemented Twitter analysis. Using a critical consciousness framework as a guiding lens, we identified three broad themes: Using Critical Reflection to Shift Culture and Minds, Navigating and Drawing on Multiple Identities, and Building Collective Political Efficacy. Findings contribute to a growing body of literature on how I-O youth are harnessing social media as agents of their own, and their peers’, critical consciousness development.

这项多方法定性研究探讨了移民出身的青年如何在社交媒体上表达公民参与，以及青年的移民身份如何塑造他们的在线公民参与。我们分析了6个月内从32名不同种族和族裔的I-O青年中收集的2203条推特帖子（平均每位参与者69条帖子）。对11名参与者的采访补充了Twitter的分析。以批判性意识框架为指导，我们确定了三个广泛的主题：利用批判性反思来转变文化和思想，引导和利用多重身份，以及建立集体政治效能。研究结果为越来越多的关于I-O青年如何利用社交媒体作为自己和同龄人批判性意识发展的媒介的文献做出了贡献。

引用次数: 7

Does Online Jealousy Lead to Online Control in Dating Adolescents? The Moderation Role of Moral Disengagement and Socio-Emotional Competence 网络嫉妒会导致青少年约会中的网络控制吗?道德脱离对社会情绪能力的调节作用

IF 2 3区社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES

Youth & Society

Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X221106499

María-Luisa Rodríguez-deArriba, Annalaura Nocentini, E. Menesini, Rosario Del Rey, V. Sánchez-Jiménez

The present study focuses on understanding the online aggression in adolescent couples from a gender-sensitive perspective. Specifically, the aims were: (1) to analyze the direct relationship between online jealousy and online control among adolescent boys and girls and (2) to explore the moderating role of moral disengagement and socio-emotional competence in the association between online jealousy and online control by gender. The sample comprised 1,160 high school students (52.7% girls) aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 14.25, SD = 1.35). The study design was cross-sectional. The moderation analysis revealed that online jealousy was directly related to the perpetration of online control. Moral disengagement strengthened the relationship between online jealousy and online control among both boys and girls, while socio-emotional competence weakened it, but only among girls. The results are discussed considering the gender differences found and the practical implications for programs designed to promote healthy dating relationships.

本研究的重点是从性别敏感的角度来理解青少年夫妇的网络攻击行为。具体而言，目的是：（1）分析青春期男孩和女孩的网络嫉妒与网络控制之间的直接关系；（2）探讨道德脱离和社会情感能力在网络嫉妒与性别网络控制之间关系中的调节作用。样本包括1160名年龄在12至17岁之间的高中生（52.7%为女生）年（M = 14.25，标准差 = 1.35）。研究设计为横断面设计。适度分析表明，网络嫉妒与网络控制的实施直接相关。道德脱离强化了男孩和女孩之间的网络嫉妒和网络控制之间的关系，而社会情感能力削弱了这种关系，但仅限于女孩。考虑到发现的性别差异以及旨在促进健康约会关系的项目的实际意义，对研究结果进行了讨论。

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引用次数: 1

The Association Between Perceptions of Neighborhood Conditions and the Employment of Emerging Adults Formerly Involved in the Juvenile Justice System 邻里条件的感知与以前参与少年司法系统的新成人就业之间的关系

IF 2 3区社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES

Youth & Society

Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X221103898

Lewis H. Lee, Minseop Kim, Catherine Carlson, T. Ellis, Karen Johnson, Angela Pretz

Although prior research finds that poor neighborhood conditions are negatively associated with employment, little study has focused on emerging adults who formerly had contact with the juvenile justice system and are frequently engaged in informal job markets. Using a hybrid model and three waves from panel data with formerly juvenile justice-involved emerging adults (18–24 at T1, 20–25 at T2, 20–26 at T3) collected in Philadelphia and Phoenix (N = 947), we find an inter-individual increase in the degree of disorder within the neighborhood decreases weeks worked for community jobs (between-effect), whereas an intra-individual increase in neighborhood condition scores increases weeks worked for under-the-table jobs among emerging adults (within-effect). Some time-variant and invariant sociodemographic factors, including perceived opportunity for work, mental health, substance use, gang membership, race, and education, are significantly related to employment. Our findings reiterate justice-involved young people may have difficulty sustaining formal employment partially due to neighborhood conditions.

虽然先前的研究发现，恶劣的社区条件与就业负相关，但很少有研究关注那些以前与少年司法系统有过接触并经常从事非正式就业市场的新兴成年人。使用混合模型和来自费城和凤凰城的三波面板数据(N = 947)，这些数据来自以前涉及少年司法的新兴成年人(T1时18-24岁，T2时20-25岁，T3时20-26岁)，我们发现社区内混乱程度的个体间增加减少了为社区工作的周数(间效应)。然而，在新成年人群中，邻里条件得分的个体内部增长增加了从事桌下工作的时间(内部效应)。一些时变和不变的社会人口因素，包括工作机会感知、心理健康、药物使用、帮派成员、种族和教育，与就业显著相关。我们的研究结果重申，涉及司法的年轻人可能难以维持正式就业，部分原因是社区条件。

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引用次数: 0

The Elephant in the GSA: Associations Between Discussions of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election and Mental Health Outcomes in Gender-Sexuality Alliances GSA中的大象：2016年美国总统大选讨论与性别性联盟心理健康结果之间的关联

IF 2 3区社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES

Youth & Society

Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X221099049

Michael D. O’Brien, Robert A. Marx, Jerel P. Calzo, V. Poteat, Christopher J. Ceccolini

The 2016 U.S. Presidential election led to a rise in mental health concerns among marginalized youth. We consider how LGBTQ+ and ally youth responded in Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs). In this secondary analysis, we used survey data to assess for associations between frequency of discussions of the election in GSAs and mental health outcomes. We found that youth in GSAs that discussed the election and its sequelae more frequently reported lower depressive symptoms at the end of the year, but this association held true only for White youth and not racial/ethnic minority youth and only in the 2016 to 2017 academic year and not the 2017 to 2018 academic year. Implications are discussed.

2016年美国总统大选导致边缘化青年对心理健康的担忧加剧。我们考虑LGBTQ+和盟友青年在性别性联盟（GSA）中的反应。在这项二次分析中，我们使用调查数据来评估GSA中讨论选举的频率与心理健康结果之间的关联。我们发现，在讨论选举及其后遗症的GSA中，年轻人在年底更频繁地报告抑郁症状较低，但这种联系仅适用于白人青年，而不适用于种族/少数民族青年，仅在2016至2017学年，而不在2017至2018学年。讨论了影响。

引用次数: 0

The Costs of Caring: Navigating Material Challenges When Adults Informally Host Youth Facing Homelessness 关怀的代价:当成年人非正式地接待面临无家可归的青年时，应对物质挑战

IF 2 3区社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES

Youth & Society

Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X221099992

Mallory VanMeeter, S. Curry, Brenda A. Tully, Stacey Ault, A. Nesmith, Jacqueline White

Couch hopping is a significant feature of youth homelessness in the United States. Every year, half of youth ages 18 to 25 who experience housing instability report couch hopping—also known as couch surfing or doubling up. Emerging work suggests that in some intergenerational informal hosting arrangements, youth and their adult hosts can form meaningful and supportive relationships. However, hosts also navigate material challenges that could threaten the stability of these arrangements. Based on in-depth interviews with nine youth ages 17 to 23 in informal hosting arrangements and 10 informal hosts, we describe how increased household costs and lease and benefits restrictions can impact stability, and the strategies hosts and youth mobilized to address them. We place hosts’ instability in the context of intergenerational poverty and structural racism, reframing material challenges as opportunities to strengthen the village of support youth need to make sustained exits from homelessness.

跳沙发是美国年轻人无家可归的一个重要特征。每年，在18至25岁经历住房不稳定的年轻人中，有一半报告说他们会跳沙发——也被称为沙发冲浪或双人间。新兴的研究表明，在一些代际非正式寄宿安排中，青年和成年寄宿者可以形成有意义的支持关系。然而，东道主也面临着可能威胁这些安排稳定性的物质挑战。基于对9名17至23岁的非正式寄宿青年和10名非正式寄宿青年的深入采访，我们描述了家庭成本、租赁和福利限制的增加如何影响稳定，以及寄宿青年和青年为解决这些问题而采取的策略。我们将东道主的不稳定置于代际贫困和结构性种族主义的背景下，将物质挑战重新定义为加强村庄的机会，支持年轻人持续摆脱无家可归。

引用次数: 0

Resistance to Extinction of Evaluative Fear Conditioning in Delusion Proneness. 妄想倾向中评价性恐惧条件反射的消退阻力

3区社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES

Youth & Society

Pub Date : 2022-06-05 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac033

Anaïs Louzolo, Alexander V Lebedev, Malin Björnsdotter, Kasim Acar, Christine Ahrends, Morten L Kringelbach, Martin Ingvar, Andreas Olsson, Predrag Petrovic

Delusional beliefs consist of strong priors characterized by resistance to change even when evidence supporting another view is overwhelming. Such bias against disconfirmatory evidence (BADE) has been experimentally demonstrated in patients with psychosis as well as in delusion proneness. In this fMRI-study, we tested for similar resistance to change and associated brain processes in extinction of fear learning, involving a well-described mechanism dependent of evidence updating. A social fear conditioning paradigm was used in which four faces had either been coupled to an unconditioned aversive stimulus (CS+) or not (CS-). For two of the faces, instructions had been given about the fear contingencies (iCS+/iCS-) while for two other faces no such instructions had been given (niCS+/niCS-). Interaction analysis suggested that individuals who score high on delusion-proneness (hDP; n = 20) displayed less extinction of evaluative fear compared to those with low delusion proneness (lDP; n = 23; n = 19 in fMRI-analysis) for non-instructed faces (F = 5.469, P = .024). The resistance to extinction was supported by a difference in extinction related activity between the two groups in medial prefrontal cortex and its connectivity with amygdala, as well as in a cortical network supporting fear processing. For instructed faces no extinction was noted, but there was a larger evaluative fear (F = 5.048, P = 0.03) and an increased functional connectivity between lateral orbitofrontal cortex and fear processing regions for hDP than lDP. Our study links previous explored BADE-effects in delusion associated phenotypes to fear extinction, and suggest that effects of instructions on evaluative fear learning are more pronounced in delusion prone subjects.

妄想信念由强烈的先验信念组成，其特点是即使支持另一种观点的证据压倒一切也不愿改变。这种对不确定证据的偏见（BADE）已在精神病患者和妄想症患者身上得到实验证明。在这项 fMRI 研究中，我们测试了恐惧学习消退过程中类似的对改变的抵制和相关大脑过程，其中涉及一种依赖于证据更新的描述良好的机制。在社会恐惧条件反射范式中，四张面孔要么与无条件的厌恶刺激（CS+）相连，要么与之无关（CS-）。对于其中两张面孔，已经给出了有关恐惧或然条件的说明（iCS+/iCS-），而对于另外两张面孔，则没有给出此类说明（niCS+/niCS-）。交互作用分析表明，与妄想倾向低（lDP；n = 23；fMRI 分析中 n = 19）的人相比，妄想倾向高（hDP；n = 20）的人对无指令面孔的评价性恐惧消减较少（F = 5.469，P = .024）。在内侧前额叶皮层及其与杏仁核的连通性以及支持恐惧处理的皮层网络中，两组之间与消退相关的活动存在差异，这支持了对消退的抵抗。对于指令性面孔，没有发现消退现象，但与长时消退相比，短时消退组的评价性恐惧更大（F = 5.048，P = 0.03），而且外侧眶额皮层与恐惧处理区域之间的功能连接性增强。我们的研究将之前探讨的妄想相关表型中的BADE效应与恐惧消退联系起来，并表明指令对评价性恐惧学习的影响在易患妄想症的受试者中更为明显。

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引用次数: 0

Remaining Hopeful During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of NGOs in Filling the Social Support Gap for Vulnerable Children 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间保持希望:非政府组织在填补弱势儿童社会支持差距中的作用

IF 2 3区社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES

Youth & Society

Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X221098449

Sijeong Lim, Chung‐in Moon, Youngwan Kim

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on children’s mental health worldwide. Existing studies suggest that children with greater levels of hope are more likely to be resilient in the face of disaster. While social support at the family and community level is proposed as an important factor in sustaining and fostering hope, the children of underprivileged households in developing countries tend to lack this support. We investigate whether development projects run by international NGOs are able to fill this gap and help children to remain hopeful during the pandemic. Using original survey data from 834 children in adolescence (aged between 10 and 18) in Kenya and Zambia, we show that children participating in Good Neighbors’ child sponsorship programs and community development projects exhibit higher scores on the Children’s Hope Scale than do non-participating children. These projects appear to foster hope by providing emotional and informational support.

COVID-19大流行对全球儿童的心理健康产生了负面影响。现有的研究表明，拥有更大希望的儿童在面对灾难时更有可能恢复过来。虽然建议家庭和社区一级的社会支助是维持和促进希望的一个重要因素，但发展中国家贫困家庭的儿童往往缺乏这种支助。我们调查国际非政府组织开展的发展项目是否能够填补这一空白，并帮助儿童在大流行期间保持希望。使用来自肯尼亚和赞比亚的834名青少年(10 - 18岁)的原始调查数据，我们发现参与好邻居儿童赞助计划和社区发展项目的儿童在儿童希望量表上的得分高于未参与的儿童。这些项目似乎通过提供情感和信息支持来培养希望。

引用次数: 2

Self-Disclosure, Self-concept, and Friendship’s Perceived Functions among Aggressive and Popular Adolescents 攻击性和受欢迎青少年的自我表露、自我概念和友谊感知功能

IF 2 3区社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES

Youth & Society

Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X221093394

Olga Cuadros, C. Berger

This study explores the subjective experiences and perceptions related to intimacy in friendships in a group of aggressive-popular adolescents in urban schools characterized by high rates of community violence. Individual interviews were conducted with 12 volunteering adolescents (12–14 years old). Procedures from grounded theory were used to enable thematic coding, departing from a social identity, socio-emotional, and ecological perspective. The narratives by adolescents highlighted the influence the social environment in which they grew had on individual psychological conditions that shape their emotional responses, self-concept, and beliefs. They exhibit aggressive behavior and to value popularity as an adaptive form of social survival, and belonging. Their social behavior has influence on their friendships face challenges, especially regarding the perception of envy from friends and the associated self-disclosure constraints when individuals are involved in high-violence contexts.

这项研究探讨了城市学校中一群具有攻击性的受欢迎青少年在友谊中与亲密关系相关的主观体验和看法，这些青少年的特点是社区暴力发生率高。对12名志愿者青少年（12-14岁）进行了个体访谈。从社会认同、社会情感和生态的角度出发，使用扎根理论的程序来实现主题编码。青少年的叙述强调了他们成长的社会环境对个人心理状况的影响，这些心理状况塑造了他们的情绪反应、自我概念和信念。他们表现出攻击性行为，并将受欢迎视为社会生存和归属的一种适应性形式。他们的社交行为对他们的友谊有影响，面临挑战，尤其是当个人卷入高暴力环境时，他们对朋友嫉妒的感知以及相关的自我披露约束。

引用次数: 2

Parental Modeling and Normative Influence in Shaping Teenagers’ Phubbing: An Exploratory Study 父母模式及其规范性影响对青少年打嗝的影响——一项探索性研究

IF 2 3区社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES

Youth & Society

Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X221093657

Ke Liu, Jing Wang, Xinyi Wei, L. Lei

Phubbing, the ignoring of one’s companions to pay attention to one’s phone, is ubiquitous. Yet far less is known about its interpersonal transmission. Based on the social learning theory and the theory of normative social behavior, this cross-sectional study tested the associations between perceived parental phubbing and teenagers’ phubbing. Two hundred ninety-nine Chinese teenagers (M = 14.03, SD = 0.87) answered questions about perceived parental phubbing, descriptive norms and injunctive norms of phubbing, and phubbing of themselves. The regression analyses showed that perceived parental phubbing was positively associated with teenagers’ phubbing and descriptive norms. The conditional process analyses showed that higher levels of perceived parental phubbing predicted higher levels of descriptive norms, which in turn predicted higher levels of teenagers’ phubbing. Moreover, the magnitude of the association between descriptive norms and teenagers’ phubbing was greater as injunctive norms became greater.

低头症(Phubbing)是指无视同伴而专心玩手机，这种现象无处不在。然而，人们对它的人际传播知之甚少。基于社会学习理论和规范社会行为理论，本横断面研究检验了父母的低头感与青少年的低头感之间的关系。299名中国青少年(M = 14.03, SD = 0.87)回答了父母对低头行为的感知、对低头行为的描述性规范和强制性规范以及对自己的低头行为。回归分析结果表明，父母的低头感与青少年的低头行为和描述性规范呈正相关。条件过程分析表明，较高水平的感知父母的低头预示着较高水平的描述性规范，而描述性规范反过来又预示着较高水平的青少年的低头。此外，描述性规范与青少年低头行为之间的关联程度随着禁令性规范的增强而增强。

引用次数: 4

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