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Identification of Promotive and Protective Factors for Young Adults Living in Concentrated Disadvantage 对生活在集中弱势群体中的年轻人的促进和保护因素的识别
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211072887
Katherine M. Ross, Diane L. Bishop, C. Leslie, Derek Chapman, T. Sullivan
Violence is a major public health concern that particularly impacts Black young adults living in under-resourced, urban communities. There is limited research on promotive and protective factors that mitigate the impact of violence exposure on aggressive behavior. This study aims to address this gap by exploring positive factors across the ecological model in a sample of 141 predominantly Black young adults ages 18 to 22 years living in low-income communities. Regression analyses indicated that generally factors at the individual/peer and family level were more likely to be promotive. Additionally, nine significant interactions found in the moderation analyses highlighted a complex relation between ecological protective factors and aggressive behaviors for these young adults. Implications for future empirical work are discussed.
暴力是一个主要的公共卫生问题,尤其影响生活在资源不足的城市社区的黑人年轻人。关于减轻暴力暴露对攻击行为影响的促进和保护因素的研究有限。这项研究旨在通过在141名18至22岁的以黑人为主的年轻人的样本中探索整个生态模型中的积极因素来解决这一差距 在低收入社区生活多年。回归分析表明,一般来说,个人/同龄人和家庭层面的因素更有可能起到促进作用。此外,适度分析中发现的九种重要相互作用突出了生态保护因素与这些年轻人的攻击行为之间的复杂关系。讨论了对未来实证工作的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of School Discipline: Examination of Institutional Level Factors Impacting Exclusionary Sanctions 学校纪律的决定因素:影响排斥性制裁的制度层面因素考察
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X221075053
Jay P. Taylor, Malgorzata Zuber, D. Shoup
This research strives to enrich criminological and educational literature by providing a better understanding of relationships among school performance and achievement, attendance, and demographic information based upon the number of exclusionary disciplinary actions within public high schools. Using data on 409 traditional high schools from the Pennsylvania Department of Education, this quantitative study uses path analysis to examine the relationships between school factors, including demographics and achievement measures, and exclusionary discipline. The findings indicated a direct relationship between a schools’ drop-out rate, AP courses, and standardized test scores and the schools’ total number of exclusionary disciplinary actions. In addition, socioeconomic status and attendance rates indirectly impacted exclusionary disciplinary actions. The study also determined a correlation between the number of minority students within a school and the total number of disciplinary actions. These findings have a number of implications for school systems that hope to eliminate the school-to-prison pipeline.
这项研究致力于丰富犯罪学和教育文献,根据公立高中的排斥性纪律处分数量,更好地了解学校表现和成绩、出勤率和人口统计信息之间的关系。这项定量研究使用宾夕法尼亚州教育部409所传统高中的数据,使用路径分析来检验学校因素之间的关系,包括人口统计和成绩测量,以及排斥性学科。研究结果表明,学校的辍学率、AP课程和标准化考试成绩与学校的排斥性纪律处分总数之间存在直接关系。此外,社会经济地位和出勤率间接影响了排斥性纪律处分。该研究还确定了学校内少数民族学生人数与纪律处分总数之间的相关性。这些发现对希望消除从学校到监狱的管道的学校系统有很多影响。
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引用次数: 0
Social Contact and Family Contact for Youth with Disabilities 残疾青少年的社会接触及家庭接触
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X221074717
Jocelyn S. Wikle, Carrie L. Shandra
Youth with disabilities may experience unequal patterns of social contact, compared to youth without disabilities. This study uses a nationally representative sample of youth (ages 15–19; N = 6,803) from the American Time Use Survey (2008–2019) to evaluate if and how social contact—defined as time spent with relatives and nonrelatives—differs by youth disability status. Outside the family context, youth with disabilities spent less time with nonrelatives compared to youth without disabilities. Lower social contact with nonrelatives was offset by increased social contact with relatives. Limited social contact outside a youth’s family context has implications for adolescent development. Social contact, and family social contact specifically, may be important forms of developmental support for youth with disabilities.
与无残疾青年相比,残疾青年可能会经历不平等的社会接触模式。这项研究使用了一个具有全国代表性的青年样本(15-19岁;N = 6803),以评估社会接触(定义为与亲属和非亲属相处的时间)是否以及如何因青年残疾状况而不同。在家庭环境之外,与无残疾青年相比,残疾青年与非亲属相处的时间更少。与非亲属的社会接触减少被与亲属的社会联系增加所抵消。青少年家庭环境之外的有限社会接触对青少年的发展有影响。社会接触,特别是家庭社会接触,可能是残疾青年发展支持的重要形式。
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引用次数: 0
Staying Online, Staying Connected: Exploring the Effect of Online Chatting on Adolescents’ Psychological Well-being during COVID-19 Quarantine 保持在线,保持联系:探索新冠肺炎隔离期间在线聊天对青少年心理健康的影响
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211067553
Yulei Feng, Qingyan Tong
Rooted in scholarship of social connectedness and social support, this research raises the question: Can online chatting help mitigate the negative psychological influence of physical distancing during COVID-19? By a correlational and cross-sectional research design, the current study testified the mediating role of two factors—social connectedness and perceived social support in the relationship between online chatting and three indicators of psychological well-being (happiness, self-esteem, and loneliness) for adolescents. This research demonstrated the potential of online chatting in mitigating the severity of quarantine from the supplementary perspective of online communication effects on adolescents, which provided a further insight into understanding the ways in which adolescents use media during school closure. Possible contingent factors that should be paid special attention to in future researches are discussed.
基于社会联系和社会支持的学术研究,这项研究提出了一个问题:在线聊天是否有助于减轻COVID-19期间身体距离的负面心理影响?本研究采用相关横断面研究设计,验证了社会连通性和感知社会支持两个因素在青少年网络聊天与心理健康(快乐、自尊和孤独)三个指标之间的中介作用。本研究从网络交流对青少年影响的补充角度证明了网络聊天在减轻隔离严重程度方面的潜力,这为了解青少年在学校关闭期间使用媒体的方式提供了进一步的见解。讨论了在今后的研究中应特别注意的可能的偶然因素。
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引用次数: 1
The Impact of Education on Youth Employability: The Case of Selected Southeastern European Countries 教育对青年就业能力的影响:以东南欧国家为例
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211069403
Daniela Mamucevska Bojadjieva, Marijana Cvetanoska, K. Kozheski, A. Mujčinović, Slaven Gašparović
This paper focuses on the processes of school-to-work transitions in a selected group of countries from South-eastern Europe (SEE), namely: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Serbia; and, Slovenia. Each of these countries display the same roots of development in their educational systems: however, due to their transition and integration processes within the European Union, they implemented different concepts of reforms within their educational systems. In addition, the challenges of youth employability are a common problem for each of the selected countries, and the effectiveness of the processes of school-to-work-transition varies across the countries. By using panel data and multiple linear regression models, this paper estimates the impact of different educational levels on youth employability and changes in the rates of NEET population (aged 15–24) in the selected group of countries over the period 2009 to 2019. The results suggest that the impact of the attained level of education has an ambiguous effect on the rates of youth employment; moreover, the relationship with changes in NEET rates are statistically significant and negative in most of the selected group of countries.
本文侧重于东南欧选定的一组国家的学校到工作的过渡过程,即:波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那;克罗地亚;黑山;北马其顿;塞尔维亚;以及斯洛文尼亚。这些国家中的每一个都在其教育体系中表现出相同的发展根源:然而,由于它们在欧洲联盟内的过渡和一体化进程,它们在其教育系统中实施了不同的改革概念。此外,青年就业能力的挑战是每个选定国家的共同问题,从学校到工作过渡过程的有效性因国家而异。通过使用面板数据和多元线性回归模型,本文估计了2009年至2019年期间,不同教育水平对选定国家组青年就业能力的影响以及新技术教育人口(15-24岁)比率的变化。研究结果表明,受教育程度对青年就业率的影响不明确;此外,在大多数选定的国家组中,与NEET比率变化的关系在统计上是显著的,并且是负的。
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引用次数: 4
The Mediation of Family Context and Youth Depressive Symptoms by Adolescent Emotion Regulation 青少年情绪调节对家庭环境与青少年抑郁症状的中介作用
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES Pub Date : 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211067266
L. LaMontagne, David C. Diehl, Jennifer L. Doty, Sarah J Smith
During adolescence, young people develop crucial capacity for emotion regulation, and family context can be a risk or protective factor for adolescents developing affective disorders. We leveraged data from the Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (N = 7664) to propose adolescent emotion regulation as a mediator between family conflict, family protection, and adolescent depressive symptoms in the social development model. Latent moderated structural equation modeling revealed that adolescent regulation of negative emotions mediated the relationship between family conflict and depressive symptoms—adolescents with higher family conflict had more emotion regulation difficulties and more depressive symptoms. Adolescent age was a moderator such that associations between family protective factors and reduced depression, and between family conflict and emotion regulation difficulties were weaker in high school compared to middle school. Findings highlight the importance of youth emotion regulation processes and family emotional context in reducing adolescent depressive symptoms.
在青少年时期,年轻人发展了至关重要的情绪调节能力,家庭环境可能是青少年发展情感障碍的风险因素或保护因素。我们利用佛罗里达青少年药物滥用调查(N = 7664)的数据,提出在社会发展模型中,青少年情绪调节在家庭冲突、家庭保护和青少年抑郁症状之间起中介作用。潜在调节结构方程模型显示,青少年负性情绪调节在家庭冲突与抑郁症状之间起中介作用,家庭冲突越严重的青少年情绪调节困难越大,抑郁症状越严重。青少年年龄是一个调节因子,家庭保护因素与抑郁减少、家庭冲突与情绪调节困难之间的关联在高中比在初中弱。研究结果强调了青少年情绪调节过程和家庭情绪环境在减少青少年抑郁症状中的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
Introduction to the Special Issue: European Rural NEETs: A Snapshot 特刊简介:欧洲农村NEET:快照
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES Pub Date : 2022-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211059252
P. Flynn, E. Erdoğan
This supplemental issue focuses on the challenges associated with European rural NEET (Not in Employment, Education, or Training) youth socioeconomic inclusion. For NEETs, the transition from childhood to adulthood is both complex and fascinating, fraught with risks of marginalization and precarity. Such challenges have been compounded by assumptions regarding homogeneity evident in publications by the EU and the OECD which place all NEETs within age ranges without recognition of the complexity of life in this demographic. In 2019, across the then EU28 member-states and non-EU states, the proportion of NEETs was recorded as higher in rural regions when compared with the same rate in towns and suburbs or cities (Eurostat, 2020). Notably, an uneven NEET distribution by the degree of urbanization was evident in many eastern or southern European countries, with gaps between cities and rural areas ranging from 10 to more than 20 percentile points. Clearly, there is a need to explore the greater proportions of rural NEETs that occur in European countries with sub-protective welfare regimes and fail short to support school-to-work transition among the most vulnerable youths (Schoon & Heckhausen, 2019). These young Europeans particularly, between the ages of 15 to 24 in rural settings, are especially vulnerable and depend on a wide range of supports and targeted interventions at regional, national, and international levels. The impact of recent economic crises and austerity policies of governments are having a sustained negative impact on the provision of such social services and, consequently, the availability of sustainable programs and opportunities that target young people and those already experiencing marginalization.
本补充问题的重点是与欧洲农村NEET(非就业、教育或培训)青年社会经济包容相关的挑战。对于NEET来说,从童年到成年的过渡既复杂又迷人,充满了边缘化和不稳定的风险。欧盟和经合组织的出版物中对同质性的假设加剧了这些挑战,这些假设将所有NEET都放在年龄范围内,而没有认识到这一人群生活的复杂性。2019年,在当时的欧盟28个成员国和非欧盟国家中,农村地区的NEET比例高于城镇、郊区或城市(欧盟统计局,2020)。值得注意的是,在许多东欧或南欧国家,按城市化程度划分的NEET分布明显不均衡,城市和农村地区之间的差距从10个百分点到20多个百分点不等。显然,有必要探索在福利制度低于保护性的欧洲国家发生的农村新能源经济现象的更大比例,这些现象未能支持最弱势青年从学校到工作的过渡(Schoon&Heckhausen,2019)。这些欧洲年轻人,尤其是农村地区15至24岁的年轻人,特别脆弱,依赖于区域、国家和国际各级的广泛支持和有针对性的干预措施。最近的经济危机和政府紧缩政策的影响对提供此类社会服务产生了持续的负面影响,从而影响了针对年轻人和已经处于边缘化状态的人的可持续方案和机会的提供。
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引用次数: 0
Racial and Ethnic Disparities, Referral Source and Attrition From Outpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment Among Adolescents in the United States. 美国青少年门诊药物使用障碍治疗的种族和民族差异、转诊来源和减员
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x20960635
Phillip L Marotta, Marina Tolou-Shams, Renee M Cunningham-Williams, Durrell Malik Washington, Dexter Voisin

The following study examined the association between race, ethnicity, referral source, and reasons for attrition from substance use treatment in a sample of 72,643 discharges of adolescent youth in the United States from 2014 to 2016. Black and Hispanic adolescents were more likely to be discharged due to incarceration and termination by the facility compared to White adolescents. Adolescents referred by probation, diversion, other juvenile justice organizations, health care providers, community agencies, and individual referrals were significantly more likely to be discharged due to incarceration and terminated by the treatment facility compared to youth who were referred by schools. Findings suggest that enhancing linkage to treatment from systems in the social environment may play a role in attenuating racial and ethnic disparities in rates of attrition from substance abuse treatment among adolescent youth in the United States.

以下研究调查了2014年至2016年美国72643名青少年出院样本中种族、族裔、转诊来源和药物使用治疗流失原因之间的关系。与白人青少年相比,黑人和西班牙裔青少年更有可能因监禁和被该设施终止而出院。与学校转介的青少年相比,被缓刑、分流、其他青少年司法组织、医疗保健提供者、社区机构和个人转介的少年因监禁而出院和被治疗机构终止治疗的可能性要高得多。研究结果表明,加强与社会环境中系统治疗的联系,可能会在减少美国青少年因药物滥用治疗而流失率的种族和族裔差异方面发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Social Norms of Pregnancy and Pregnancy Attitudes Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness 无家可归青年怀孕的社会规范和怀孕态度
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES Pub Date : 2021-12-29 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211062354
S. Begun, Anamika Barman-Adhikari, Andrea Greenblatt, Priyanka Sahajpal, Delaney Campbell, Krysta Cooke, E. Rice
Building upon literature that considers social network influences on health attitudes and behaviors among youth experiencing homelessness, this study assessed associations regarding social norms of pregnancy, perceived by youth experiencing homelessness (ages 13–25; N = 304) as endorsed by their network members, and youths’ pregnancy attitudes. Multivariate results revealed that youth who perceived their street peers as more objecting to (versus encouraging of) them becoming involved in a pregnancy were 51% less likely to endorse pro-pregnancy attitudes (OR = 0.49, p < .01). Youth who perceived their serious partners as more objecting to their pregnancy involvement were 74% less likely to endorse pro-pregnancy attitudes (OR = 0.26, p < .01). Results suggest utility in exploring peer-based and dyadic approaches to prevention efforts with this group.
本研究基于考虑社会网络对无家可归青年健康态度和行为影响的文献,评估了无家可归青年(13-25岁;N = 304),以及年轻人的怀孕态度。多变量研究结果显示,那些认为街头同龄人更反对(而不是鼓励)他们怀孕的年轻人,支持支持支持怀孕态度的可能性降低了51%(OR = 0.49,p < .01)。认为自己的伴侣更反对自己怀孕的年轻人支持支持怀孕态度的可能性降低了74%(OR = 0.26,p < .01)。研究结果表明,与这一群体一起探索基于同伴和二元方法的预防工作是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
A National Survey of Children’s Experiences of Parental Separation and Support Needs in Australia 澳大利亚儿童父母分离经历和支持需求的全国调查
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL ISSUES Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211061172
Brad Ridout, Jennifer Fletcher, Jennifer Smith‐Merry, Brian Collyer, John Dalgleish, Andrew J. Campbell
We used a mixed-methods online survey to recruit 616 young Australians whose parents had separated, to understand their experiences and how to better support them throughout the separation process. Persistent themes included conflict, lack of communication and agency, mental health concerns, and feelings of confusion, frustration, loss, and grief. Some suggested it would have been useful to talk about reasons for the separation, their rights, opinions and feelings, with some indicating the separation process affected their ongoing mental health and relationships. There was a general preference for face-to-face counseling, closely followed by online counseling and online peer-to-peer support, indicating that a “one size fits all” approach is not suitable for young people. Young people should be offered services early in the separation process that can be extended in content to other issues such as new partners, school life and mental health, and continued beyond the timeframe of the separation process.
我们采用了一项混合方法的在线调查,招募了616名父母已经分居的澳大利亚年轻人,了解他们的经历,以及如何在整个分离过程中更好地支持他们。持续存在的主题包括冲突、缺乏沟通和代理、心理健康问题以及困惑、沮丧、失落和悲伤的感觉。有些人认为,谈谈分居的原因、他们的权利、意见和感受会有所帮助,有些人表示,分居过程影响了他们目前的心理健康和关系。人们普遍倾向于面对面咨询,其次是在线咨询和在线点对点支持,这表明“一刀切”的方法并不适合年轻人。应在分离过程的早期向年轻人提供服务,这些服务的内容可以扩展到新伙伴、学校生活和心理健康等其他问题,并在分离过程的时间框架之后继续提供服务。
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引用次数: 0
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