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The role of firm-to-firm relationships in exporter dynamics 公司与公司之间的关系在出口商动态中的作用
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12511
Davide Rigo

This paper investigates the role of firm-to-firm relationships in export market dynamics, documenting the following stylized facts for French exporters. First, exporters grow in a foreign market by expanding their customer base; the average French exporter doubles its number of buyers after 8 years. Second, sales to existing customers remain the predominant source of growth in a foreign market, with long-lasting relationships contributing to most export values. Third, as a mechanism driving firms' growth in a relationship, prices fall as a relationship ages. Fourth, I exploit the Brexit referendum as a quasi-natural experiment to examine how firm-to-firm relationships adjust in response to changes in market access. I find that French exporters with long-lasting relationships in the UK are less affected by the referendum shock and exhibit higher exchange rate pass-through. Overall, these findings indicate that long-lasting relationships represent a crucial margin for export market growth and in shielding exporters from changing market conditions.

本文研究了公司与公司之间的关系在出口市场动态中的作用,并记录了法国出口商的以下典型事实。首先,出口商通过扩大客户群在国外市场实现增长;平均而言,法国出口商在 8 年后将其买家数量翻了一番。其次,对现有客户的销售仍然是国外市场增长的主要来源,长期的合作关系为大部分出口额做出了贡献。第三,作为关系中企业增长的驱动机制,价格随着关系的老化而下降。第四,我利用英国脱欧公投这一准自然实验,研究企业与企业之间的关系如何随着市场准入的变化而调整。我发现,在英国拥有长期关系的法国出口商受公投冲击的影响较小,并表现出较高的汇率传递性。总体而言,这些研究结果表明,持久的关系是出口市场增长的关键因素,也是出口商免受市场条件变化影响的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
Social organizations and political institutions: why China and Europe diverged 社会组织与政治体制:中国与欧洲为何出现分歧
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12508
Joel Mokyr, Guido Tabellini

This paper discusses the historical and social origins of the bifurcation in the political institutions of China and Western Europe. An important factor, recognized in the literature, is that China centralized state institutions very early on, while Europe remained politically fragmented for much longer. These initial differences, however, were amplified by the different social organizations (clans in China, corporate structures in Europe) that spread in these two societies at the turn of the first millennium AD. State institutions interacted with these organizations, and were shaped and influenced by this interaction. The paper discusses the many ways in which corporate organizations contributed to the emergence of representative institutions and gave prominence to the Rule of Law in the early stages of state formation in Europe, and how specific features of lineage organizations contributed to the consolidation of the Imperial regime in China.

本文讨论了中国和西欧政治体制分化的历史和社会根源。文献中承认的一个重要因素是,中国很早就实现了国家机构的中央集权,而欧洲则在更长的时间内保持了政治上的分裂。然而,在公元一千年之交,不同的社会组织(中国的宗族,欧洲的企业结构)在这两个社会中蔓延开来,放大了这些最初的差异。国家机构与这些组织相互作用,并受到这种相互作用的塑造和影响。本文讨论了在欧洲国家形成的早期阶段,企业组织如何以多种方式促进代议制机构的出现并突出法治,以及世系组织的具体特征如何促进了中国帝国政权的巩固。
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引用次数: 0
Hyperbolic discounting and state-dependent commitment 双曲贴现和依赖状态的承诺
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12507
Takayuki Ogawa, Hiroaki Ohno

In a stochastic economy with uninsurable endowment risk, we establish a condition under which hyperbolic-discounting consumers commit to a future consumption path using both illiquid assets and borrowing constraints as commitment devices. There is the possibility that a state-dependent commitment can be adopted as an equilibrium consumption strategy. On a path leading to low future endowment, the current self can commit to its own optimal consumption path, which is undesirable for future selves. In contrast, along the path with a high future endowment, the current self cannot make a commitment and must accept a consumption allocation that future selves will revise. Thus, depending on what stochastic state will arise, people cannot fully utilize the available commitment devices in risky situations.

在一个具有不可保禀赋风险的随机经济中,我们建立了一个条件,在这个条件下,双曲贴现消费者可以利用非流动资产和借贷约束作为承诺工具,对未来的消费路径做出承诺。依赖于状态的承诺有可能成为一种均衡消费策略。在导致未来低禀赋的路径上,当前的自己可以承诺自己的最优消费路径,这对未来的自己来说是不可取的。相反,在未来禀赋较高的路径上,当前自我无法做出承诺,必须接受未来自我会修改的消费分配。因此,根据随机状态的不同,人们在风险情况下无法充分利用可用的承诺工具。
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引用次数: 0
Endogenous property rights and the nature of the firm 内生产权与企业性质
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12506
Carmine Guerriero, Giuseppe Pignataro

While focusing on residual control rights, the property rights theory of the firm overlooks that the legal protection of each party's input shapes its ex post bargaining power. To evaluate this issue, we assume that the property rights on the inputs are selected by a legislator to maximize full investment and, conditional on this goal being reached, minimize inefficient deviations to intermediate investment profiles. Our model delivers three key novel implications. First, the strength of a party's property rights is related negatively to the strength of its residual control rights and determines entirely its ex ante incentives to invest. Second, the legislator tends to protect a firm less when its default payoff under its preferred ownership structure is larger and when its contribution to the relationship is the greatest. Finally, the extent of integration falls weakly with the default payoffs and displays an inverted U-shaped link with the intensity of the downstream firm's investment activity. Crucially, these predictions are consistent with the relationships between proxies for the strength of the downstream firms' property rights and firms' presence in the value chain, and measures of asset specificity and R&D intensity for 119 countries observed over the 2006–18 period.

企业产权理论的重点是剩余控制权,但忽略了对各方投入的法律保护会影响其事后议价能力。为了评估这一问题,我们假定立法者选择的投入产权能够最大限度地增加全部投资,并在实现这一目标的条件下,最大限度地减少对中间投资状况的无效偏离。我们的模型有三个关键的新含义。首先,一方产权的强度与其剩余控制权的强度成负相关,并完全决定了其事前的投资动机。其次,当一家公司在其优先所有权结构下的违约回报越大、对双方关系的贡献越大时,立法者对该公司的保护就越少。最后,一体化程度与违约报酬的关系微弱,与下游企业的投资活动强度呈倒 U 型关系。最重要的是,这些预测与 2006-18 年间在 119 个国家观察到的下游企业产权强度、企业在价值链中的存在、资产专用性和研发强度等代用指标之间的关系是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
Money Functions in Modern Economy 现代经济中的货币职能
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.53486/econ.2023.125.078
Ion Partachi, M. Anghel, Alexandra Petre, Cristian Olteanu
In advanced economies there is a tendency to move to digitization and cashless financial economic activities. In this sense, the number of cryptocurrencies that contributed more to this trend increased. In this article the authors aim to highlight the functions of money in the modern economy taking into account these trends and developments. In this sense, Bitcoin and other digital currencies can cause a change in the functions of money. In the article we sought to demonstrate the extent to which digital currencies can be considered money, using a complex methodology, logical and interpretive analyses, starting from the comparative study of the situation of coins and the existing situation in the monetary mass of the money that exists in circulation.
在发达经济体,有向数字化和无现金金融经济活动转移的趋势。从这个意义上说,对这一趋势贡献更大的加密货币的数量增加了。在这篇文章中,作者的目的是在考虑到这些趋势和发展的情况下,突出货币在现代经济中的作用。从这个意义上说,比特币和其他数字货币可以引起货币功能的变化。在本文中,我们试图证明数字货币可以被视为货币的程度,使用复杂的方法,逻辑和解释性分析,从硬币的情况和流通中存在的货币数量的现状的比较研究开始。
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引用次数: 0
Facilities Management Implementation in Service Providing Organizations in the Republic of Moldova 摩尔多瓦共和国提供服务的组织实施设施管理的情况
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.53486/econ.2023.125.055
Eugeniu Litvin
The study of facility management is important, taking into consideration that this area has a significant impact on how organizations operate and meet their goals. An effective facilities management can optimize the business processes, that would reduce costs and increase the efficiency of the organization. Proper resources management, of premises and equipment helps to minimize losses and make their use more efficient. Well-managed facilities and workspaces can influence the quality of service offered to customers or users. A sustainable environment, properly equipped, can help increase customer satisfaction and improve their experience. Overall, studying facilities management is essential to ensure efficient operations, quality of service, and a safe and comfortable work environment, having a significant impact on the success and sustainability of organizations across a variety of sectors and industries.
考虑到这一领域对组织如何运作和实现其目标具有重大影响,对设施管理的研究很重要。有效的设施管理可以优化业务流程,从而降低成本,提高组织效率。对房地和设备进行适当的资源管理有助于尽量减少损失,提高使用效率。管理良好的设施和工作空间可以影响向客户或用户提供的服务质量。一个可持续发展的环境,适当配备,可以帮助提高客户满意度和改善他们的经验。总的来说,学习设施管理对于确保高效运营、服务质量和安全舒适的工作环境至关重要,对各个部门和行业的组织的成功和可持续发展产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Accounting Information in the Decision-making Process of the Insurance Company 会计信息在保险公司决策过程中的作用
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.53486/econ.2023.125.103
Vladimir Dolghi
The insurance industry has multidimensional functions in a modern economy, interacting with many aspects of business activities and daily human life. Insurance is also an important mechanism for redistributing funds in economy, providing compensation for unplanned losses that are the subject of insurance. At the same time, generally speaking, the insurance sector contributes to strengthening and stabilizing the business of other entities in the general economy. The issue of the quality of information presented to the decision-making process is studied at various levels and remains topical, as the relevance of managerial decisions is significantly influenced by the information provided by the managerial accounting information system. The research methodology of the article includes the study of materials published on the subject at national and international level, the analysis of the regulatory framework in the field, the study of business processes specific to the activity of the insurance company and the application of own experience in the managerial and financial field.
保险业在现代经济中具有多方面的功能,与商业活动和日常生活的许多方面相互作用。保险也是经济中资金再分配的重要机制,对属于保险标的的计划外损失提供补偿。与此同时,一般来说,保险业有助于加强和稳定整体经济中其他实体的业务。提供给决策过程的信息的质量问题在各个层面进行了研究,并且仍然是热门话题,因为管理决策的相关性受到管理会计信息系统提供的信息的重大影响。本文的研究方法包括研究在国家和国际层面上发表的有关该主题的材料,分析该领域的监管框架,研究保险公司活动的具体业务流程以及应用自己在管理和金融领域的经验。
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引用次数: 0
Online Educational Marketing as a Means to Increase the Attractiveness of the University and Its Image 将在线教育营销作为提高大学吸引力和形象的一种手段
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.53486/econ.2023.125.007
Grigore Belostecinic, Eudochia Jomir
The universities in the Republic of Moldova face difficulties in promoting educational offers and attracting students, trying to find the best ways to interact with target audiences to improve and develop the institutional image and reputation, increasing notoriety, the attractiveness of study programs and stimulating enrolment under the conditions of intensifying competition, increasing costs and rapidly decreasing student numbers. Therefore, the issue of marketing strategies, policies and tactics becomes increasingly topical and of major interest to universities, moreover, an appropriate marketing strategy can provide them with future success in an increasingly competitive higher education market. At the same time, the studies conducted allow us to find that marketing remains one of the fields often ignored by universities, while the use of digital marketing channels become a necessity for any university marketing strategy. Online marketing strategies can positively influence the reviews among potential students by presenting its strengths, the characteristics that differentiates it from competitors, thus contributing to improving the image of the university and increasing the attractiveness for study applicants.
摩尔多瓦共和国的大学在促进教育机会和吸引学生方面面临困难,试图找到与目标受众互动的最佳方式,以改善和发展机构形象和声誉,增加恶名,学习课程的吸引力,并在竞争加剧,成本增加和学生人数迅速减少的情况下刺激入学率。因此,市场营销策略、政策和策略的问题日益成为大学关注的话题和主要兴趣,而且,一个合适的市场营销策略可以为他们在竞争日益激烈的高等教育市场中取得未来的成功提供帮助。同时,通过研究我们发现,营销仍然是大学经常忽视的领域之一,而数字营销渠道的使用成为任何大学营销战略的必要条件。在线营销策略可以通过展示其优势和区别于竞争对手的特点来积极影响潜在学生的评价,从而有助于改善大学的形象,增加对学习申请人的吸引力。
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引用次数: 0
Design of a Mathematical Model on Production and Transport Problems with Restrictions on Environmental Pollution 设计一个关于环境污染限制的生产和运输问题的数学模型
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.53486/econ.2023.125.111
Ştefan Blanuţa, Boris Chumakov, Anatol Godonoagă
In the given article, according to the cybernetic approach, are analysed the production systems that focus on the following economic indicators: optimum profitability (maximum profit); minimum cost for the resources acquisition and transportation of; minimum cost for distributing and transporting goods to consumer markets; strict compliance with all production, transport and environmental pollution restrictions. All these four listed moments are reproduced in a systemic way through the economic-mathematical language. Previously, several variants of models of this kind were researched only in some simplified forms. The developed model can be used, for example, when evaluating certain solutions proposed in the debates, when analysing some sample of simulated scenarios, and, in symbiosis with the application of optimization methods, can be efficient in obtaining effective decisions.
在给定的文章中,根据控制论的方法,我们分析了关注以下经济指标的生产系统:最优盈利能力(最大利润);资源获取和运输的最低成本;配送和运输货物到消费市场的最低成本;严格遵守所有生产、运输和环境污染的限制。所有这四个列出的时刻通过经济数学语言以系统的方式再现。以往对这类模型的几种变体只进行了一些简化形式的研究。所开发的模型可用于评估辩论中提出的某些解决方案,分析模拟场景的一些样本,并且与优化方法的应用共生,可以有效地获得有效的决策。
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引用次数: 0
Threats and Safeguarding Measures Related to the Activity of Accounting Professionals 与会计专业人员活动有关的威胁和保障措施
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.53486/econ.2023.125.095
Silvia Zaharco
Integrity, objectivity, the acquisition of specialized competence and professional behaviour are some of the fundamental elements of the professional ethics principles that must be considered by a future professional accountant. At the same time, he or she should encounter the challenges that are specific for this activity. These can be self-interest, self-review, representation, familiarity, intimidation, etc., which must be identified and handled with great care by a professional accountant, so as to ensure the credibility of the chosen profession. The aim of the research is to highlight the types of threats that can affect the work of accounting professionals, as well as the protective measures that could eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable level. In order to achieve the goal set, the author used the research, qualitative methods, in particular, observation, analysis and documentation.
诚信、客观、获得专业能力和职业行为是职业道德原则的一些基本要素,是未来的专业会计师必须考虑的。同时,他或她应该面对这项活动所特有的挑战。这些可能是自利、自我审查、代理、熟悉、恐吓等,必须由专业会计师进行识别和谨慎处理,以确保所选职业的可信度。研究的目的是强调可能影响会计专业人员工作的威胁类型,以及可以消除或将其减少到可接受水平的保护措施。为了达到设定的目标,作者采用了研究、定性的方法,特别是观察法、分析法和文献法。
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引用次数: 0
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Economica
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