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Blockchain and Cryptocurrency: Disruptive Forces or Economic Enablers? 区块链和加密货币：颠覆性力量还是经济促进因素？

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economica

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.53486/econ.2023.125.066

Andrei Paslari

In this article the author analyses the complex realm of blockchain and cryptocurrencies, highlighting their transformative impact on today’s financial and regulatory landscape. Beginning with the foundational elements and potential applications of the technology, the paper elucidates the disruptive nature of cryptocurrencies, revealing both the opportunities they offer and the inherent challenges they pose. Key concerns include extreme market volatility, potential for misuse in illegal activities, and their profound macroeconomic implications. Also, the author explores the complexities of the evolving regulatory environment, emphasizing the need for a harmonized, dynamic, and transparent regulatory framework that fosters innovation while safeguarding public interest. The study is based on recent research, statistics, and policy developments, aiming to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the complexities and potential trajectories of cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies.

在本文中，作者分析了区块链和加密货币的复杂领域，强调了它们对当今金融和监管格局的变革性影响。从该技术的基本要素和潜在应用开始，本文阐明了加密货币的破坏性，揭示了它们提供的机会和它们带来的固有挑战。主要问题包括极端的市场波动、非法活动中滥用的可能性及其深远的宏观经济影响。此外，作者还探讨了不断变化的监管环境的复杂性，强调需要一个协调、动态和透明的监管框架，以促进创新，同时维护公众利益。该研究基于最近的研究、统计数据和政策发展，旨在为读者提供对加密货币和区块链技术的复杂性和潜在轨迹的全面了解。

引用次数: 0

Towards a New Architecture of Globalization in a Turbulent Era 在动荡时代建立全球化新架构

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economica

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.53486/econ.2023.125.028

Boris Chistruga, M. Popa

The present article is a study of the new global trends driven by significant changes in the world economy, disrupting thus, totally, the perception of the systems and processes created under the pressure of pandemics and military crises. Globalization, suggested new mechanisms and instruments for ensuring economic growth and prosperity in the world’s countries. Current trends in the world economy challenge the irreversibility of the traced course. Are these problems an indication that the process of globalization has run out of energy and can no longer generate increased prosperity and that deglobalization would mean the end of welfare? Could globalization continue to be an accelerant for economic growth? Finding the answer to the above questions is the aim of the research, taking into consideration the fact that any economic process, is based on certain premises and takes place under certain conditions that cannot be ignored.

本文研究由世界经济重大变化所驱动的新的全球趋势，从而完全颠覆了人们对在流行病和军事危机的压力下产生的制度和进程的看法。全球化提出了确保世界各国经济增长和繁荣的新机制和工具。世界经济当前的趋势对既定进程的不可逆性提出了挑战。这些问题是否表明全球化进程已经耗尽能量，不能再产生更多的繁荣，而去全球化将意味着福利的终结?全球化能否继续成为经济增长的加速器?寻找上述问题的答案是研究的目的，考虑到任何经济过程都是基于某些前提并在某些不容忽视的条件下发生的事实。

引用次数: 0

Evolution and Development Opportunities for the Bilateral Trade between the Republic of Moldova and the Republic of Turkey 摩尔多瓦共和国与土耳其共和国双边贸易的演变与发展机遇

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economica

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.53486/econ.2023.125.045

Silvia Zaharco, Liudmila Todorova

The authors of the present article, analyse the development trends of the bilateral trade between the Republic of Moldova and the Republic of Turkey. The purpose of this study is to reflect the evolution of bilateral trade between the two countries, by analysing the dynamics of exports and imports of goods and their structure, indicating the countries that hold the main positions. The authors used scientific methods such as quantitative and qualitative analysis, the documentary method, and the statistical analysis method were used to achieve the purpose of the research. As a result of the study, it was found that Turkey is one of the main economic partners of the Republic of Moldova, and their bilateral relations are constantly evolving, which promises positive prospects for their integration on the European market

本文作者分析了摩尔多瓦共和国与土耳其共和国双边贸易的发展趋势。本研究的目的是通过分析货物进出口及其结构的动态来反映两国之间双边贸易的演变，指出持有主要地位的国家。为了达到研究目的，作者采用了定量和定性分析、文献法、统计分析法等科学方法。研究结果发现，土耳其是摩尔多瓦共和国的主要经济伙伴之一，两国的双边关系正在不断发展，这为两国融入欧洲市场带来了积极的前景

引用次数: 0

Management Control – a Performance Tool for Trading Entities 管理控制--贸易实体的绩效工具

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economica

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.53486/econ.2023.125.119

Andrei Jizdan

In order to ensure efficient management within any entity, it is reasonable to introduce a management and control system covering all its areas of activity. Therefore, management control applied at entity level is not just an important process of knowledge and information, but also, a support in the approach of quick and efficient decision-making. In this study, the concept of management control under performance conditions, its classification and position in the entity’s managerial hierarchy, as well as the research of modern systems of entity performance evaluation were examined. As a methodological support in carrying out the present research, the national and international literature was used, as well as the bibliometric analysis allowing the interpretation of the evolution and impact of scientific research regarding the chosen research topic.

为了确保任何实体内的有效管理，合理的做法是采用一种涵盖其所有活动领域的管理和控制制度。因此，在实体层面应用的管理控制不仅是一个重要的知识和信息过程，而且是快速有效决策方法的支持。本研究考察了绩效条件下管理控制的概念、分类和在实体管理层次中的地位，以及现代实体绩效评价体系的研究。作为开展本研究的方法学支持，使用了国内和国际文献，以及文献计量学分析，可以解释有关所选研究主题的科学研究的演变和影响。

引用次数: 0

When populists deliver on their promises: the electoral effects of a large cash transfer programme in Poland 当民粹主义者兑现承诺时：波兰大规模现金转移计划的选举效果

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economica

Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12505

Jan Gromadzki, Katarzyna Sałach, Michał Brzeziński

We estimate the effects of the introduction of a large cash transfer programme on support for the ruling populist party in Poland. We exploit the variation at the municipal level in the annual cash transfer amount received per capita, and use a difference-in-differences research design to study the electoral effects of the transfer. Our results show that a cash transfer amount of $100 per capita translated into an increase in the vote share for the ruling party of nearly two percentage points. One-third of additional votes came from new voters coming off the sidelines, and the remaining electoral gains were due to voters who had previously voted for other parties. The effects of the programme are persistent, as we see no decrease in the magnitude of effects seven years after the introduction.

我们估算了波兰推行大规模现金转移计划对执政党民粹主义支持率的影响。我们利用市一级每年人均收到的现金转移金额的差异，采用差异研究设计来研究转移支付的选举效应。我们的研究结果表明，人均 100 美元的现金转移额使执政党的得票率提高了近两个百分点。三分之一的新增选票来自新加入的选民，其余的选举收益则来自之前投票给其他政党的选民。该计划的影响是持续性的，因为我们看到，在该计划实施 7 年后，其影响程度并没有减弱。

引用次数: 0

Profitability of exponential and simple moving average crossover strategy and the profitability of trend trading 指数和简单移动平均线交叉策略的盈利能力以及趋势交易的盈利能力

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economica

Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.47282/economica/2023/14/3-4/13490

Balázs Levente Tóth, Balázs Fazekas

The study focused on trading based on the signals of indicators, specifically examining a strategy using moving average crossovers. One of the main purposes of the paper was to analyse the efficiency differences between the simple and exponential moving average crossover strategies. Additionally, the study explored the impact of trend-following trading on the performance of indicators. The research tested the performance of indicators using the example of companies with the highest market capitalization. The main conclusion of the article is that there was no superior indicator in cases of the examined stocks. Furthermore, during periods of predominantly rising trends, the buy-and-hold strategy outperformed the active trading strategy based on indicators.

研究重点是根据指标信号进行交易，特别是研究使用移动平均线交叉的策略。论文的主要目的之一是分析简单移动平均线交叉策略和指数移动平均线交叉策略之间的效率差异。此外，研究还探讨了趋势跟踪交易对指标性能的影响。研究以市值最高的公司为例，测试了指标的表现。文章的主要结论是，在所研究的股票中，并不存在优越的指标。此外，在上升趋势占主导地位期间，买入并持有策略的表现优于基于指标的主动交易策略。

引用次数: 0

Kreatív számvitel megítélésének, alkalmazásának vizsgálata 研究对创造性会计的认识和应用

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economica

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.47282/economica/2023/14/3-4/13488

Mirjam Hamad, Rita Soós, Gergő Tömöri

We have chosen creative accounting as the subject of our study, which many people associate with fraud and illegal methods. We asked professionals in the field how they interpret this phenomenon and whether they use it in any of its aspects. To do this, we created a 16-question questionnaire, which we sent out exclusively to accountants and professionals, and closed the door to responses on 8 October 2023, with 134 completed. In this paper, we have focused on the perception of creative accounting, but we have also touched on its application, but we were aware that respondents would be reluctant to answer questions that were too personal and direct. One of our research questions was about perceptions of creative accounting, one was about the importance of accounting principles and two sought to find correlations between the responses. The aim of this study, by sending out the questionnaire, is to improve the perception of creative accounting and to raise awareness of the importance of its use, within a legal framework of course. We would also like to encourage professionals to think that their accounting service should not consist of simply carrying out routine tasks, but that they should consider for each of their companies what activities, and possibly changes in their choices, could help them to achieve optimum operation, tax payments and thus a higher rate of profitability for their company.

我们选择创造性会计作为研究对象，因为许多人将其与欺诈和非法手段联系在一起。我们询问了该领域的专业人士如何理解这一现象，以及他们是否在任何方面使用了这一现象。为此，我们制作了一份包含 16 个问题的调查问卷，专门发给会计师和专业人士，并于 2023 年 10 月 8 日截止回复，共完成 134 份。在本文中，我们的重点是对创意会计的看法，但也涉及其应用，但我们意识到受访者可能不愿意回答过于个人化和直接的问题。我们的研究问题之一是关于对创意会计的看法，问题之二是关于会计原则的重要性，问题之三是寻求答复之间的相关性。本研究通过发放调查问卷，旨在改善人们对创意会计的看法，并提高人们对使用创意会计的重要性的认识，当然是在法律框架内。我们还希望鼓励专业人员思考，他们的会计服务不应仅仅是执行例行任务，而应考虑他们的每家公司的哪些活动，以及可能的选择变化，可以帮助他们实现最佳经营、纳税，从而提高公司的盈利率。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating the Impact of North-South and South-South Regional Trade Agreements on South African bilateral trade 估算南北和南南区域贸易协定对南非双边贸易的影响

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economica

Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.47282/economica/2023/14/3-4/11070

Sibulele Mchani

引用次数: 0

Market concentration and the relative demand for college-educated labour 市场集中度和对受过大学教育的劳动力的相对需求

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economica

Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12504

Anders Akerman

If large firms employ relatively more educated workers, will an increase in market concentration increase income inequality by raising the relative demand for skill? I use Swedish employer–employee data from 1997–2016 and find a strong correlation between firm size and the share of college-educated (‘skilled’) workers. An increase in a sector's market concentration is correlated with a higher skilled wage premium and higher relative employment of skilled workers. This is due mainly to the reallocation of workers across firms. I demonstrate how these findings can be explained by a model of heterogeneous firms where productivity and skill intensity are positively correlated.

如果大公司雇佣的受过教育的工人相对较多，那么市场集中度的提高是否会通过提高对技能的相对需求而加剧收入不平等？我利用瑞典 1997-2016 年的雇主-雇员数据，发现企业规模与受过大学教育（"技能"）的工人比例之间存在很强的相关性。一个行业市场集中度的提高与更高的技能工资溢价和更高的技能工人相对就业率相关。这主要是由于工人在企业间的重新分配。我演示了如何通过生产率和技能密集度正相关的异质企业模型来解释这些发现。

引用次数: 0

The real side of stock market exuberance: bubbles, output and productivity at the industry level 股市繁荣的真实一面：行业层面的泡沫、产出和生产率

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economica

Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12503

Francisco Queirós

There has been a growing interest in the theory of rational bubbles. Recent theories predict that bubbles are expansionary, but differ in the underlying mechanisms. This paper provides empirical evidence that helps us to assess different theories, and documents four main findings: stock market overvaluation is associated with (i) faster output and input growth, (ii) declining total factor productivity (TFP) growth, (iii) a greater contribution of labour and a declining contribution of TFP for output growth, (iv) an increase in the number of firms. Overall, these findings suggest that bubbly expansions are driven by increased factor accumulation (in particular labour), and not from higher productivity growth.

人们对理性泡沫理论的兴趣与日俱增。最近的理论预测泡沫是扩张性的，但内在机制却各不相同。本文提供了经验证据，帮助我们评估不同的理论，并记录了四个主要发现：股市估值过高与以下因素相关：(i) 产出和投入增长更快；(ii) 全要素生产率（TFP）增长下降；(iii) 劳动力对产出增长的贡献更大，而全要素生产率对产出增长的贡献下降；(iv) 企业数量增加。总体而言，这些研究结果表明，泡沫式扩张是由要素积累（尤其是劳动力）的增加而非生产率的提高所驱动的。

引用次数: 1

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