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Analysis of E-Marketing, Social Media Marketing, and E-Wom on Consumer Purchase Decisions in E-Commerce in Indonesia Post Pandemi Covid-19 印度尼西亚电子商务中电子营销、社交媒体营销和 E-Wom 对消费者购买决策的影响分析 Post Pandemi Covid-19
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.22202/economica.2023.v13.i1.6876
Eliza Eliza
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引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE LOCAL GOVERNMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH, UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY IN NORTH MALUKU, INDONESIA 地方政府的财政绩效对印度尼西亚北马鲁古省经济增长、失业和贫困的影响
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.22202/economica.2023.v13.i1.6872
Prince Charles Heston Runtunuwu
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引用次数: 0
Risk aversion and favourite–longshot bias in a competitive fixed-odds betting market 竞争性固定赔率投注市场中的风险规避和看好长投偏差
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12500
Karl Whelan

Research on sports betting has generally found a favourite–longshot bias: bets on longshots lose more than bets on favourites. Existing research focuses largely on pari-mutuel betting, but favourite–longshot bias is also evident in fixed-odds online betting markets of the type that are growing rapidly around the world. Explanations for this bias in previous work on pari-mutuel markets cannot explain why it would be a feature of competitive fixed-odds betting markets. We show how disagreement among gamblers and risk aversion on the part of bookmakers in a competitive market can produce a pattern of favourite–longshot bias resembling the empirical evidence.

对体育博彩的研究普遍发现了一种 "热门-长枪 "偏差:对长枪的投注比对热门的投注输得更多。现有的研究主要集中在彩池投注上,但在固定赔率的在线投注市场上,"看好-远射 "的偏差也很明显,这种市场正在全球范围内迅速发展。之前有关彩池投注市场的研究对这种偏差的解释无法解释为什么这种偏差会成为竞争性固定赔率投注市场的一个特征。我们展示了在竞争性市场中,赌徒之间的意见分歧和庄家的风险规避如何产生与经验证据相似的偏好-长投偏差模式。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluating compliance gains of expanding tax enforcement 评估扩大税收执法的合规收益
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12499
Knut Løyland, Oddbjørn Raaum, Gaute Torsvik, Arnstein Øvrum

This paper demonstrates how tax administrations can evaluate future compliance gains from risk-based tax enforcement that audits all taxpayers above a risk threshold. Expanding tax enforcement in this setting means reducing the audit threshold. The compliance gains from such an expansion consist of a mechanical audit correction effect and a behavioural effect that reflects changes in self-reporting in the subsequent years. We estimate this behavioural effect in a regression discontinuity analysis with the risk score as the forcing variable. We find that taxpayers at the margin had a significant reduction in self-reported deductions in the next years' tax filing. The behavioural effect over a three-year post-audit period is estimated to be of a magnitude similar to that of the direct adjustment of the audit. This compliance effect does not change when we include the reporting of the spouse. We find that the risk score threshold that maximizes net public revenue from the audits is considerably below current practice.

本文论证了税收管理部门如何评估基于风险的税收执法在未来的合规收益,即对所有超过风险阈值的纳税人进行审计。在这种情况下扩大税收执法范围意味着降低审计门槛。这种扩大带来的合规收益包括机械审计修正效应和反映随后几年自我报告变化的行为效应。我们以风险评分作为强迫变量,通过回归不连续分析来估计这种行为效应。我们发现,处于边缘的纳税人在下一年度报税时自我申报的扣除额显著减少。据估计,审计后三年内的行为效应与审计直接调整的效应相近。当我们将配偶的申报包括在内时,这种合规效应并没有改变。我们发现,使审计带来的公共净收入最大化的风险评分阈值大大低于现行做法。
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引用次数: 0
Healthy climate, healthy bodies: Optimal fuel taxation and physical activity 健康的气候,健康的身体:最佳燃料税和体育活动
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12497
Inge van den Bijgaart, David Klenert, Linus Mattauch, Simona Sulikova

Passenger transport has significant externalities, including carbon emissions and air pollution. Public health research has identified additional social gains from active travel, due to the health benefits of physical exercise. Per mile, these benefits greatly exceed the external costs from car use. We introduce active travel into an optimal fuel taxation model and characterize analytically the second-best optimal fuel tax. We find that accounting for active travel benefits increases the optimal fuel tax by 44% in the USA and 38% in the UK. Fuel taxes should be implemented jointly with other policies aimed at increasing the uptake of active travel.

客运具有显著的外部性,包括碳排放和空气污染。公共卫生研究发现,由于体育锻炼对健康有益,积极旅行可以带来额外的社会收益。每英里,这些收益大大超过了汽车使用的外部成本。将主动出行引入最优燃油税模型,并对次优燃油税进行了分析表征。我们发现,考虑到主动出行福利,美国和英国的最优燃油税分别增加了44%和38%。燃油税应与其他旨在增加积极旅行的政策一起执行。
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引用次数: 0
MAGYARORSZÁGI ÉS REGIONÁLIS KÖZÖSSÉGI KÖZLEKEDÉSI VÁLLALATOK TUDATOS INTERNETES MEGJELENÉSÉNEK NETNOGRÁFIAI VIZSGÁLATA 关于匈牙利和各地区公共交通公司互联网存在情况的网络统计研究
3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.47282/economica/2023/14/3-4/12838
Attila Farkas
Összefoglalás Az elmúlt években a munkaerő felvétele és megtartása érdekében a vállalatok között erős verseny indult meg. A koronavírus járvány időszakában ez a versengés fokozódott. A munkaerőpiacon végbemenő változásokra válaszul, a munkáltatók részéről ez a kihívás új módszereket igényel, egyre inkább előtérbe került a munkáltatói márkaépítés. A kommunikációs csatornák átrendeződésével előtérbe került az online megjelenés, azon belül is a közösségi oldalak használata, mind munkaadói, mind munkavállalói részről. A kutatás tárgya a közösségi közlekedésben érdekelt vállalatok munkáltatói márkaépítése az interneten, elsősorban a közösségi oldalakon, azon belül is a népszerű Instagram oldalon. A tanulmány célja bemutatni a munkáltatói márkaépítés jelentőségét az online térben, a közösségi oldalakon megjeleníthető témákat és az adott reakciókat, az online megjelenés eredményességét és hatását. A primer kutatás során a netnográfia módszerével tártam fel közösségi vállalatok megjelenésének különbségeit és hasonlóságait nemzetközi és hazai közlekedési vállalatok körében. Az eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy a közösségi vállalatok egyre szélesebb körben és fokozódó intenzitással használja a közösségi oldalakat számos témában, így a munkáltatói márkaépítésben is, azonban célzott megjelenéssel fokozható az eredményesség, mivel a társadalmi témák, felelősségvállalással kapcsolatos tartalmak megjelenítése, mérhető reakciókat váltanak ki. Megállapítható, hogy a közösségi média a céges tevékenységek bemutatására, identitás kialakítására, szervezeti üzenetek, értékek közvetítésére alkalmas felület.
摘要 近年来,公司之间为招聘和留住员工展开了激烈的竞争。在皇冠病毒流行期间,这种竞争更加激烈。为应对劳动力市场的变化,雇主正以新的方式迎接这一挑战,雇主品牌的作用日益突出。随着沟通渠道的转变,包括使用社交网站在内的网络形象已成为雇主和雇员的共同关注点。本研究的重点是公共交通公司在互联网上的雇主品牌塑造,尤其是在社交网站上,包括流行的 Instagram。研究的目的是展示雇主品牌在网络空间中的重要性,社交网站上可以展示的主题,以及网络存在的反应、效果和影响。在初级研究中,我使用了网络摄影术来探索国际和国内运输公司在社交企业存在方面的异同。研究结果表明,社会企业对社交媒体网站的使用越来越广泛,对包括雇主品牌在内的一系列主题的使用强度也越来越大,但有针对性的曝光可以通过展示社会问题和责任相关内容来提高有效性,从而引起可衡量的反应。社交媒体可被视为展示公司活动、建立身份认同、传达组织信息和价值观的平台。
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引用次数: 0
Stigma and take-up of labour market assistance: Evidence from two field experiments 成见与劳动力市场援助的使用:来自两个实地实验的证据
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12498
Adam Osman, Jamin D. Speer

Aversion to ‘stigma’—disutility associated with a programme or activity due to beliefs about how it is perceived—may affect labour market choices and utilization of social programmes, but empirical evidence of its importance is scarce. Using two randomized field experiments, we show that stigma can affect consequential labour market decisions. Treatments designed to alleviate stigma concerns about taking entry-level jobs—such as how those jobs are perceived by society—had small average effects on take-up of job assistance programmes. However, using compositional analysis and machine learning methods, we document large heterogeneity in the responses to our treatments. Stigma significantly affects the composition of who takes up a programme: the treatments were more successful in overcoming stigma for older, wealthier and working respondents. For other people, we show that our treatments merely increased the salience of the stigma without dispelling it. We conclude that social image concerns affect labour market decisions and that messaging surrounding programmes can have important effects on programme take-up and composition.

对 "成见 "的厌恶--由于对某项计划或活动的看法而产生的相关效用--可能会影响劳动力市场的选择和对社会计划的利用,但有关其重要性的经验证据却很少。通过两个随机实地实验,我们发现成见会影响劳动力市场的决策。旨在减轻对从事入门级工作的成见(例如社会对这些工作的看法)的治疗对就业援助计划的利用率平均影响较小。然而,通过使用成分分析和机器学习方法,我们记录了对治疗方法的反应存在很大的异质性。成见严重影响了参与计划的人员构成:对于年龄较大、较富裕和有工作的受访者来说,治疗方法在克服成见方面更为成功。对于其他人,我们的研究表明,我们的疗法只是增加了成见的显著性,而没有消除成见。我们的结论是,对社会形象的关注会影响劳动力市场的决策,围绕计划的信息传递会对计划的参与和构成产生重要影响。
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引用次数: 1
Export-platform foreign direct investment and trade policy uncertainty: Evidence from brexit 出口平台外国直接投资与贸易政策的不确定性:英国脱欧的证据
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12495
Nicolò Tamberi

This paper analyses the effect of trade policy uncertainty in a customs union on export-platform foreign direct investment (FDI). First, I develop a partial equilibrium framework with heterogeneous firms based on the proximity–concentration trade-off that involves trade policy uncertainty about trade costs inside a customs union. Second, I derive an empirical equation that I test by exploiting the 2016 Brexit referendum as a natural experiment and using data on manufacturing greenfield FDI projects. The results show that trade policy uncertainty impacted negatively the decisions of firms to invest in export-platform activities in the UK following the Brexit referendum. Moreover, I find that extra-EU manufacturing firms preferred EU countries as opposed to the UK for new investments after the 2016 referendum.

本文分析了关税同盟中贸易政策的不确定性对出口平台型外国直接投资(FDI)的影响。首先,我基于关税同盟内贸易成本的贸易政策不确定性,建立了一个异质性企业的部分均衡框架。其次,我利用 2016 年英国脱欧公投作为自然实验,并使用制造业绿地外国直接投资项目的数据,推导出一个实证方程,并对其进行检验。结果显示,英国脱欧公投后,贸易政策的不确定性对企业在英国投资出口平台活动的决策产生了负面影响。此外,我还发现,2016 年公投后,欧盟以外的制造业企业更倾向于在欧盟国家而非英国进行新投资。
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引用次数: 0
Driver's licences for undocumented immigrants and post-mortem organ donation 无证移民的驾驶执照和死后器官捐赠
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12496
Tianyuan Luo, Cesar L. Escalante

This study examines the relationship between expanded access to driver's licences among undocumented immigrants and the number of post-mortem organ donors, using difference-in-differences modelling and event study estimation techniques. Results suggest that the adoption of laws that grant driver's licences to undocumented immigrants effectively increased the population of licensed drivers by about 2.7%. These increments eventually led to subsequent increases in the number of Hispanic organ donors by 28%, and the outcome is driven mainly by young adult Hispanic donors. Moreover, DLU laws are further credited with an approximately 17% increase in organ transplants, particularly among Hispanics, although transplant waiting list addition numbers are not significantly affected. As these laws pave the way for more undocumented drivers to register as organ donors, such legislation could help to alleviate organ shortage issues and narrow the ‘ethnic waiting period gap’ for organ transplants.

本研究采用差分模型和事件研究估计技术,探讨了扩大无证移民获得驾照的机会与死后器官捐献者数量之间的关系。结果表明,向无证移民颁发驾照的法律通过后,持证司机的人数有效增加了约 2.7%。这些增量最终导致西班牙裔器官捐献者的数量增加了 28%,而这一结果主要是由年轻的成年西班牙裔捐献者推动的。此外,DLU 法律还使器官移植数量增加了约 17%,特别是在西班牙裔中,尽管移植等待名单上的新增数量并未受到明显影响。由于这些法律为更多的无证驾驶者登记成为器官捐献者铺平了道路,此类立法有助于缓解器官短缺问题,缩小器官移植的 "种族等待期差距"。
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引用次数: 0
Consumption and time use responses to unemployment: Implications for the lifecycle model 对失业的消费和时间使用响应:生命周期模型的含义
IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12494
Jim Been, Eduard Suari-Andreu, Marike Knoef, Rob Alessie

In this study, we analyse the effects of unemployment on consumption and time use. To do so, we employ a micro panel dataset for the Netherlands containing a large set of expenditure and time use categories. Our results show a small negative effect of unemployment on expenditures, and large positive effects on time spent on home production and leisure activities. We do not find evidence for complementarity between leisure and consumption or for substitution between home production and expenditures. We use our results to estimate a ratio of relevant lifecycle parameters, and show that the point estimates and their precision depend strongly on the expenditure and time use categories considered.

在本研究中,我们分析了失业对消费和时间使用的影响。为此,我们采用了荷兰的微观面板数据集,其中包含大量的支出和时间使用类别。我们的研究结果显示,失业对支出的负面影响很小,而对花在家庭生产和休闲活动上的时间有很大的积极影响。我们没有发现闲暇与消费之间的互补性或家庭生产与支出之间的替代性的证据。我们使用我们的结果来估计相关生命周期参数的比率,并表明点估计及其精度在很大程度上取决于所考虑的支出和时间使用类别。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Economica
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