Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.013
Hao-Jie Su, Yili Liu
Introduction: Road traffic signs are tools to maintain safety and efficiency on the road, and their effectiveness may depend on whether the drivers are domestic or international. This research investigates the effects of driver nationality and some other demographic traits (e.g., English proficiency levels and driving experience) on driver comprehension of U.S. road signs with drivers from three English-speaking countries (the United States, the UK, and India). Method: An online questionnaire was developed and used to collect participants’ responses to three driver tasks: driver road sign comprehension, road sign design features rankings, and Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). Results: The results show that nationality influences driver behavior, and the types of road signs can affect driver comprehension of them. Two of the sign design features (concreteness and familiarity), and one of the two DBQ components (Mistake) also impact the comprehension of road signs. The level of English proficiency also significantly affects the preference rankings of sign design features.
{"title":"Effects of driver behavior and road sign design features on road sign comprehension: an international study","authors":"Hao-Jie Su, Yili Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Road traffic signs are tools to maintain safety and efficiency on the road, and their effectiveness may depend on whether the drivers are domestic or international. This research investigates the effects of driver nationality and some other demographic traits (e.g., English proficiency levels and driving experience) on driver comprehension of U.S. road signs with drivers from three English-speaking countries (the United States, the UK, and India). <em>Method:</em> An online questionnaire was developed and used to collect participants’ responses to three driver tasks: driver road sign comprehension, road sign design features rankings, and Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). <em>Results:</em> The results show that nationality influences driver behavior, and the types of road signs can affect driver comprehension of them. Two of the sign design features (concreteness and familiarity), and one of the two DBQ components (Mistake) also impact the comprehension of road signs. The level of English proficiency also significantly affects the preference rankings of sign design features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 362-372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.010
James Pomeroy , Colin Pilbeam
Introduction: Injury metrics are traditional indicators of safety performance widely used by organizations, industry bodies, and regulatory agencies. In this paper we contend that they are semiotic signs leading to a variety of interpretations beyond their traditionally held meaning as a representation of an organization’s safety performance. We argue that injury metrics are semiotic signs where different organizational uses and signals lead to a variety of interpretations amongst internal and external stakeholders. Method: This exploratory study reveals these different uses and meanings through semi-structured interviews with 20 experienced occupational health and safety professionals from around the world. Through the uses of injury metrics that they described, we identified 17 separate and distinct meanings that signify four different objects of the injury metric, namely management control, image management, risk measurement, and trust in leadership. Results: The findings demonstrate that the meaning of injury metrics is not singular but is contingent and contextually determined. With multiple meanings, a decreasing injury metric is not necessarily a sign of improving safety. It is suggested that injury metrics may support ‘safety work’ by OHS professionals and that they may have unintended consequences that are antithetical to safety in the workplace. Practical applications: Given the role of injury metrics in indicating the safety of an organization, these findings have practical implications for the reliance placed on them and the inferred meanings.
{"title":"Signs of safety: An investigation of how OHS professionals interpret injury metrics","authors":"James Pomeroy , Colin Pilbeam","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Injury metrics are traditional indicators of safety performance widely used by organizations, industry bodies, and regulatory agencies. In this paper we contend that they are semiotic signs leading to a variety of interpretations beyond their traditionally held meaning as a representation of an organization’s safety performance. We argue that injury metrics are semiotic signs where different organizational uses and signals lead to a variety of interpretations amongst internal and external stakeholders. <em>Method:</em> This exploratory study reveals these different uses and meanings through semi-structured interviews with 20 experienced occupational health and safety professionals from around the world. Through the uses of injury metrics that they described, we identified 17 separate and distinct meanings that signify four different objects of the injury metric, namely management control, image management, risk measurement, and trust in leadership. <em>Results:</em> The findings demonstrate that the meaning of injury metrics is not singular but is contingent and contextually determined. With multiple meanings, a decreasing injury metric is not necessarily a sign of improving safety. It is suggested that injury metrics may support ‘safety work’ by OHS professionals and that they may have unintended consequences that are antithetical to safety in the workplace. <em>Practical applications:</em> Given the role of injury metrics in indicating the safety of an organization, these findings have practical implications for the reliance placed on them and the inferred meanings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 87-100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.012
Anna Schranz , Uwe Verthein , Moritz Rosenkranz , Anja Knoche-Becker , Jakob Manthey
Introduction: As cannabis legislation evolves globally, concerns over driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) are increasing. The heterogeneity of DUIC risk among cannabis users remains poorly understood with most research originating from North America. In light of Germany’s recent cannabis legalization and the raised legal tetrahydrocannabinol threshold for drivers, identifying high risk subpopulations is essential. This study aims to identify distinct DUIC risk profiles among German cannabis users. Methods: We utilized Latent Class Analysis on 2023 pre-legalization survey data, involving 563 German drivers who use cannabis at least monthly. The analysis incorporated environmental and individual risk factors and risky traffic behaviors, like DUIC, as indicators. Sociodemographic characteristics were included as covariates to predict latent class membership. Results: Three distinct DUIC risk classes were identified. The majority (48%) fell into the “low risk” class, engaging minimally in DUIC and other risky behaviors. The “DUIC-specific risk” class (30%) demonstrated high engagement in DUIC, also among peers, and a low perceived risk associated with DUIC, but no other risky behaviors. The “global risk” class (22%) engaged in various risky behaviors and was burdened by multiple risk factors. Membership in the “global risk” class was associated with younger age, while the “DUIC-specific risk” class was linked to both younger age and male gender. Conclusion and Practical Implications: Our findings highlight the heterogeneity among individuals engaging in DUIC, suggesting tailored prevention strategies be developed based on these profiles, ranging from educational campaigns to mental health support and providing alternative transportation options.
{"title":"Correlates of driving under the influence of cannabis: A latent class analysis","authors":"Anna Schranz , Uwe Verthein , Moritz Rosenkranz , Anja Knoche-Becker , Jakob Manthey","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> As cannabis legislation evolves globally, concerns over driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) are increasing. The heterogeneity of DUIC risk among cannabis users remains poorly understood with most research originating from North America. In light of Germany’s recent cannabis legalization and the raised legal tetrahydrocannabinol threshold for drivers, identifying high risk subpopulations is essential. This study aims to identify distinct DUIC risk profiles among German cannabis users. <em>Methods</em>: We utilized Latent Class Analysis on 2023 pre-legalization survey data, involving 563 German drivers who use cannabis at least monthly. The analysis incorporated environmental and individual risk factors and risky traffic behaviors, like DUIC, as indicators. Sociodemographic characteristics were included as covariates to predict latent class membership. <em>Results</em>: Three distinct DUIC risk classes were identified. The majority (48%) fell into the “low risk” class, engaging minimally in DUIC and other risky behaviors. The “DUIC-specific risk” class (30%) demonstrated high engagement in DUIC, also among peers, and a low perceived risk associated with DUIC, but no other risky behaviors. The “global risk” class (22%) engaged in various risky behaviors and was burdened by multiple risk factors. Membership in the “global risk” class was associated with younger age, while the “DUIC-specific risk” class was linked to both younger age and male gender. <em>Conclusion and Practical Implications:</em> Our findings highlight the heterogeneity among individuals engaging in DUIC, suggesting tailored prevention strategies be developed based on these profiles, ranging from educational campaigns to mental health support and providing alternative transportation options.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 330-337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.003
Chengxin Zhang , Huizhong Guo , Zifei Wang , Fred Feng , Anuj Pradhan , Shan Bao
Objective: This study investigates how targeted training interventions can improve safe driver interaction with vehicle automation (VA) systems, focusing on Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Lane Keeping Assist (LKA), both safety–critical advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). While VA features can enhance roadway safety, they do not function reliably under all conditions. Drivers’ limited awareness of system boundaries can cause overreliance or missed interventions, raising crash risk. Effective training reduces misuse and enhances road safety by promoting correct knowledge and application. Method: A review of multiple automakers’ owners’ manuals revealed inconsistencies in describing ACC and LKA functions. Three training formats were compared: (1) owners’ manual (OM), (2) knowledge-based (KB) with summarized operational guidelines and visual aids, and (3) skill-based hands-on practice in a driving simulator (SIM). Thirty-six participants with no prior VA experience were randomly assigned to one group. Safety-relevant outcomes − system comprehension (quiz scores) and real-world engagement (frequency and duration of activations) − were analyzed using mixed-effects and negative binomial models. Results: KB training produced the greatest improvements in comprehension of system limitations, as well as safer engagement patterns. Compared with OM participants, KB participants achieved significantly higher quiz scores and engaged LKA and ACC more often (1.4 and 1.45 times, respectively); they also demonstrated greater awareness of scenarios requiring manual control, indicating reduced risk of inappropriate reliance. Older drivers exhibited longer activations overall, highlighting age-related differences in reliance and potential safety implications. Conclusion: Short, targeted training can significantly improve safe and effective VA system use, particularly for senior drivers. These results highlight training as a proactive safety intervention to reduce human-automation mismatch and enhance system reliability in real-world driving. Practical Applications: The findings support standardized, accessible, age-tailored training to align driver behavior with VA safety standards, therefore preventing accidents and ensuring safer automation integration for all.
{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of driver training interventions in improving safe engagement with vehicle automation systems","authors":"Chengxin Zhang , Huizhong Guo , Zifei Wang , Fred Feng , Anuj Pradhan , Shan Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Objective:</em> This study investigates how targeted training interventions can improve safe driver interaction with vehicle automation (VA) systems, focusing on Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Lane Keeping Assist (LKA), both safety–critical advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). While VA features can enhance roadway safety, they do not function reliably under all conditions. Drivers’ limited awareness of system boundaries can cause overreliance or missed interventions, raising crash risk. Effective training reduces misuse and enhances road safety by promoting correct knowledge and application. <em>Method:</em> A review of multiple automakers’ owners’ manuals revealed inconsistencies in describing ACC and LKA functions. Three training formats were compared: (1) owners’ manual (OM), (2) knowledge-based (KB) with summarized operational guidelines and visual aids, and (3) skill-based hands-on practice in a driving simulator (SIM). Thirty-six participants with no prior VA experience were randomly assigned to one group. Safety-relevant outcomes − system comprehension (quiz scores) and real-world engagement (frequency and duration of activations) − were analyzed using mixed-effects and negative binomial models. <em>Results:</em> KB training produced the greatest improvements in comprehension of system limitations, as well as safer engagement patterns. Compared with OM participants, KB participants achieved significantly higher quiz scores and engaged LKA and ACC more often (1.4 and 1.45 times, respectively); they also demonstrated greater awareness of scenarios requiring manual control, indicating reduced risk of inappropriate reliance. Older drivers exhibited longer activations overall, highlighting age-related differences in reliance and potential safety implications. <em>Conclusion:</em> Short, targeted training can significantly improve safe and effective VA system use, particularly for senior drivers. These results highlight training as a proactive safety intervention to reduce human-automation mismatch and enhance system reliability in real-world driving. <em>Practical Applications:</em> The findings support standardized, accessible, age-tailored training to align driver behavior with VA safety standards, therefore preventing accidents and ensuring safer automation integration for all.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 197-210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.007
Jessica Hafetz , Catherine Gervais , D. Leann Long , Carol A. Ford , Mindy Collett , Mike Curry , Catherine C. McDonald
Introduction: The on-road behind-the-wheel “practical” license test is the gate by which aspiring drivers must pass in order to drive independently in many jurisdictions. Evidence linking practical test performance and future driving outcomes is mixed. In the United States, license tests are characterized by high pass rates. A more rigorous test might dissuade applicants who are not ready from attempting the test, encourage better preparation, and also sensitize aspirational drivers to their areas of strengths and weaknesses; this is especially important for young, novice drivers. Methods: The purpose of this analysis was to detail the validation and implementation of the Drivingly On-Road Driver Assessment (DORA) to inform the debate on adopting a more challenging license test for young drivers and to describe the frequency of critical errors committed. Dyads randomized to the intervention arm of the Drivingly trial and who participated in the DORA were analyzed (n = 453 adolescents). The DORA was administered in live-traffic by a certified instructor at the end of the state learner’s permit holding period. Critical errors were assessed. Drivers self-reported practice hours and number of license test attempts following the DORA. Driver licenses were authenticated by the study team. Enrollment ran from 8/18/2021 to 12/15/2023. Results: Learner drivers passing the practical test the first-time had fewer critical errors on the DORA than those who took 3 + attempts or who delayed license-testing (p < 0.0001). Practice was inversely associated with errors (p < 0.001). Commission of critical errors was common, yet 317(70%) of learner drivers were licensed in one practical test attempt. Conclusions: The DORA validly assesses driving performance. Practical Implications: Changing state practical driver licensing examinations to be more comprehensive and rigorous could enhance traffic safety.
{"title":"Validation of a performance-based driving assessment: Implications for licensing young drivers","authors":"Jessica Hafetz , Catherine Gervais , D. Leann Long , Carol A. Ford , Mindy Collett , Mike Curry , Catherine C. McDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> The on-road behind-the-wheel “practical” license test is the gate by which aspiring drivers must pass in order to drive independently in many jurisdictions. Evidence linking practical test performance and future driving outcomes is mixed. In the United States, license tests are characterized by high pass rates. A more rigorous test might dissuade applicants who are not ready from attempting the test, encourage better preparation, and also sensitize aspirational drivers to their areas of strengths and weaknesses; this is especially important for young, novice drivers. <em>Methods:</em> The purpose of this analysis was to detail the validation and implementation of the Drivingly On-Road Driver Assessment (DORA) to inform the debate on adopting a more challenging license test for young drivers and to describe the frequency of critical errors committed. Dyads randomized to the intervention arm of the Drivingly trial and who participated in the DORA were analyzed (n = 453 adolescents). The DORA was administered in live-traffic by a certified instructor at the end of the state learner’s permit holding period. Critical errors were assessed. Drivers self-reported practice hours and number of license test attempts following the DORA. Driver licenses were authenticated by the study team. Enrollment ran from 8/18/2021 to 12/15/2023. <em>Results:</em> Learner drivers passing the practical test the first-time had fewer critical errors on the DORA than those who took 3 + attempts or who delayed license-testing (p < 0.0001). Practice was inversely associated with errors (p < 0.001). Commission of critical errors was common, yet 317(70%) of learner drivers were licensed in one practical test attempt. <em>Conclusions:</em> The DORA validly assesses driving performance. <em>Practical Implications</em><strong>:</strong> Changing state practical driver licensing examinations to be more comprehensive and rigorous could enhance traffic safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 101-108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.012
Yuqi You , Yufei Tang , Zhongting Chen
Introduction: The detrimental effects of alcohol use on driving-related cognition have been widely reported. However, most evidence regarding cognitive impairment focuses on moderate to high blood alcohol concentrations (BAC ≥0.04 g/dl), while the effects at low BAC levels are less frequently discussed and yield mixed results. We investigated whether and how low-dose alcohol consumption at a BAC level of 0.03 g/dl affects visual navigation via optic flow, which features in driving-related tasks. Method: To examine the distinct effects of low-dose alcohol use on perception and visuomotor control, respectively, we designed two complementary tasks: a static heading estimation task involving passive viewing and discrete heading judgements; and a continuous heading matching task requiring active steering to align with optic flow. Results: The results showed that low-dose alcohol did not significantly affect the accuracy or precision of heading judgments. However, it increased temporal delay in continuous heading matching and significantly reduced heading matching precision toward optic flow display at higher speed (60 km/h). Conclusion: Our findings highlight that in visual navigation, visuomotor control, rather than heading perception, is particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of low-dose alcohol use. Practical applications: This study underscores the methodological importance of adopting more ecologically valid measurements and supports a stricter BAC limit in practical applications to reduce the risk of driving accidents.
{"title":"Visual navigation is affected by low-dose alcohol use: Not in perception but in visuomotor control","authors":"Yuqi You , Yufei Tang , Zhongting Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> The detrimental effects of alcohol use on driving-related cognition have been widely reported. However, most evidence regarding cognitive impairment focuses on moderate to high blood alcohol concentrations (BAC ≥0.04 g/dl), while the effects at low BAC levels are less frequently discussed and yield mixed results. We investigated whether and how low-dose alcohol consumption at a BAC level of 0.03 g/dl affects visual navigation via optic flow, which features in driving-related tasks. <em>Method:</em> To examine the distinct effects of low-dose alcohol use on perception and visuomotor control, respectively, we designed two complementary tasks: a static heading estimation task involving passive viewing and discrete heading judgements; and a continuous heading matching task requiring active steering to align with optic flow. <em>Results:</em> The results showed that low-dose alcohol did not significantly affect the accuracy or precision of heading judgments. However, it increased temporal delay in continuous heading matching and significantly reduced heading matching precision toward optic flow display at higher speed (60 km/h). <em>Conclusion:</em> Our findings highlight that in visual navigation, visuomotor control, rather than heading perception, is particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of low-dose alcohol use. <em>Practical applications:</em> This study underscores the methodological importance of adopting more ecologically valid measurements and supports a stricter BAC limit in practical applications to reduce the risk of driving accidents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 76-86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.08.011
Esteban Lafuente , Manfred Murrell-Blanco
Introduction: This study evaluates the economic and safety efficiency of U.S. industries during 2003-2018 using a model that considers work accidents as a by-product of economic activity. Method: By employing efficiency techniques rooted in non-parametric methods, namely the by-production approach, the proposed analysis accurately models U.S. industries’ technology as the composition of two sub-technologies: one producing the economic output and a work-accident generating sub-technology. Results: The core findings reveal marked differences in industries’ economic efficiency as well as potential reductions in work accidents. Despite the reported overall fall in work accident rates, it was found that due to the specific characteristics of their operational processes, some industries were consistently more accident prone than others during the 2003-2018 period (agriculture, mining, construction, manufacturing, and transportation and warehousing). Also, results are in line with the notion that economic production is positively correlated with work accident figures, and this relationship becomes evident in periods of economic slowdown (in our case, from 2008 to 2012) and growth (in our case, during 2003-2007 and 2013-2018). Practical applications: Policy implications and opportunities for future research are discussed.
{"title":"Beyond economic figures: Analysis of economic and work safety efficiency in U.S. industries using the by-production approach","authors":"Esteban Lafuente , Manfred Murrell-Blanco","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> This study evaluates the economic and safety efficiency of U.S. industries during 2003-2018 using a model that considers work accidents as a by-product of economic activity. <em>Method:</em> By employing efficiency techniques rooted in non-parametric methods, namely the by-production approach, the proposed analysis accurately models U.S. industries’ technology as the composition of two sub-technologies: one producing the economic output and a work-accident generating sub-technology. <em>Results:</em> The core findings reveal marked differences in industries’ economic efficiency as well as potential reductions in work accidents. Despite the reported overall fall in work accident rates, it was found that due to the specific characteristics of their operational processes, some industries were consistently more accident prone than others during the 2003-2018 period (agriculture, mining, construction, manufacturing, and transportation and warehousing). Also, results are in line with the notion that economic production is positively correlated with work accident figures, and this relationship becomes evident in periods of economic slowdown (in our case, from 2008 to 2012) and growth (in our case, during 2003-2007 and 2013-2018). <em>Practical applications</em>: Policy implications and opportunities for future research are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.014
Yiran Xu , Liying Wang , Dongping Fang
Introduction
Considerable research has shown that safety leadership (SL) and safety culture (SC) play an important role in improving unsafe behaviors, but the specific intervention effects of the two on cognitive process are not yet clear, which restricts the development of safety management research based on cognitive psychology.
Method
This study proposed a quantitative analysis framework for the cognitive process of construction workers by exploring the impacts of SL and SC on each cognitive link based on a case study in China. First, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the impact paths of SL and SC on four cognitive links. Second, a Bayesian network was formulated to predict the effects of intervention strategies from various dimensions of SL and SC on the cognitive links.
Results
The results indicate that SL and SC both positively impact on the four cognitive links. Notably, both of them demonstrate the most substantial effects on “selecting response” link. Furthermore, the combined interventions of SL and SC can reduce the cognitive failure more greatly than single-dimension ones. Among all intervention strategies, the combination of caring and respect and safety communication shows the best effect. This study contributes to the safety management research by connecting safety organizational factors with cognitive psychology and expanding the cognitive model framework.
Practical Applications
It also provides a quantitative analytical framework to analyze potential cognitive failures. It enables managers to explore underlying relationships of unsafe behaviors and identify cognitive intervention points for safety management.
{"title":"A quantitative analysis framework for cognitive process of construction workers: Exploring impacts of safety leadership and safety culture","authors":"Yiran Xu , Liying Wang , Dongping Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3><strong><em>Introduction</em></strong></h3><div>Considerable research has shown that safety leadership (SL) and safety culture (SC) play an important role in improving unsafe behaviors, but the specific intervention effects of the two on cognitive process are not yet clear, which restricts the development of safety management research based on cognitive psychology.</div></div><div><h3><strong><em>Method</em></strong></h3><div>This study proposed a quantitative analysis framework for the cognitive process of construction workers by exploring the impacts of SL and SC on each cognitive link based on a case study in China. First, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the impact paths of SL and SC on four cognitive links. Second, a Bayesian network was formulated to predict the effects of intervention strategies from various dimensions of SL and SC on the cognitive links.</div></div><div><h3><em>Results</em></h3><div>The results indicate that SL and SC both positively impact on the four cognitive links. Notably, both of them demonstrate the most substantial effects on “selecting response” link. Furthermore, the combined interventions of SL and SC can reduce the cognitive failure more greatly than single-dimension ones. Among all intervention strategies, the combination of caring and respect and safety communication shows the best effect. This study contributes to the safety management research by connecting safety organizational factors with cognitive psychology and expanding the cognitive model framework.</div></div><div><h3><em>Practical Applications</em></h3><div>It also provides a quantitative analytical framework to analyze potential cognitive failures. It enables managers to explore underlying relationships of unsafe behaviors and identify cognitive intervention points for safety management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 251-264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.016
Ali Işın , Amy E. Peden
Introduction: Drowning is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 15,000 deaths across Europe in 2021. Effective policies and legislation are essential to reduce drowning risk, including in Türkiye where 750 people drown annually. However, the extent to which Türkiye has implemented such approaches to prevent drowning remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the presence and strength of selected national policies or legislation that improve safety around water. Method: Environmental scan methodology identified national policy and legislation for five World Health Organization-identified priority areas: disaster risk management; legislation for safety of water-transport for vessels; mandating lifejacket wear; swimming pool legislation (including fencing and other safety measures); and alcohol regulations. Keyword searches identified relevant documents that were thematically analyzed and evaluated. Results: From 568 documents identified, 14 unique documents were included in the study (disaster risk management [n = 1], passenger water-transport vessel safety [n = 8], lifejacket legislation [n = 5], and swimming pool safety [n = 2]). No relevant alcohol regulations were found. Strong legislation exists around passenger water-transport vessel safety including mandated safety inspections, lifesaving equipment and emergency plans. Although lifejackets carriage is mandatory, lifejacket wear is not mandated. There is no requirement for fencing around swimming pools however, some pool safety measures are robust (i.e., depth restrictions, certified lifeguards). Significant gaps remain regarding disaster risk management and alcohol regulations. Conclusion: Considering Türkiye’s drowning burden, strengthening policies and legislation to support drowning prevention, underpinned by an expanded evidence base, is an urgent priority. Practical Applications: This research makes evidence-based recommendations for improving policy and legislative-based approaches to preventing drowning in Türkiye including the development of a national drowning registry, mandating lifejacket wear (as opposed to carriage) and national registration of swimming pools (both public and private) to support enforcement of recommended improvements to legislation around swimming pool fencing.
{"title":"Effective action for drowning prevention: An environmental scan of national policies and legislation in Türkiye","authors":"Ali Işın , Amy E. Peden","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Drowning is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 15,000 deaths across Europe in 2021. Effective policies and legislation are essential to reduce drowning risk, including in Türkiye where 750 people drown annually. However, the extent to which Türkiye has implemented such approaches to prevent drowning remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the presence and strength of selected national policies or legislation that improve safety around water. <em>Method:</em> Environmental scan methodology identified national policy and legislation for five World Health Organization-identified priority areas: disaster risk management; legislation for safety of water-transport for vessels; mandating lifejacket wear; swimming pool legislation (including fencing and other safety measures); and alcohol regulations. Keyword searches identified relevant documents that were thematically analyzed and evaluated. <em>Results:</em> From 568 documents identified, 14 unique documents were included in the study (disaster risk management [n = 1], passenger water-transport vessel safety [n = 8], lifejacket legislation [n = 5], and swimming pool safety [n = 2]). No relevant alcohol regulations were found. Strong legislation exists around passenger water-transport vessel safety including mandated safety inspections, lifesaving equipment and emergency plans. Although lifejackets carriage is mandatory, lifejacket wear is not mandated. There is no requirement for fencing around swimming pools however, some pool safety measures are robust (i.e., depth restrictions, certified lifeguards). Significant gaps remain regarding disaster risk management and alcohol regulations. <em>Conclusion:</em> Considering Türkiye’s drowning burden, strengthening policies and legislation to support drowning prevention, underpinned by an expanded evidence base, is an urgent priority. <em>Practical Applications:</em> This research makes evidence-based recommendations for improving policy and legislative-based approaches to preventing drowning in Türkiye including the development of a national drowning registry, mandating lifejacket wear (as opposed to carriage) and national registration of swimming pools (both public and private) to support enforcement of recommended improvements to legislation around swimming pool fencing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 405-415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.021
Temitope Olokunlade , Ledric D. Sherman , Mark E. Benden , Gang Han , Caroline D. Bergeron , Matthew Lee Smith
Introduction: While much is known about the complexities of fall-related risks among older adults, less is known about the risk for falls among men, and especially older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions. To address this crucial gap in safety research, this study examined factors associated with incident falls (1 fall) and recurrent falling (2+ falls) among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men ages ≥60 years with ≥1 chronic condition. Method: Collected with a cross-sectional, web-delivered questionnaire, data were analyzed from a national sample of 779 non-Hispanic Black (58.8%) and Hispanic (41.2%) men. To assess incident and recurrent falls, the number of self-reported falls in the past year was trichotomized (0 falls vs. 1 fall vs. 2+ falls) and used as the dependent variable. A multinomial logistic regression was fitted to assess factors associated with incident and recurrent falls. The model adjusted for sociodemographics, disease characteristics, health status, and social support. Results: On average, participants were aged 66.8 (±5.4) years and reported 3.8 (±2.7) chronic conditions. Seventy-three percent of men reported 0 falls, 12.6% reported 1 fall, and 14.4% reported 2+ falls in the past year. Relative to men reporting 0 falls, Hispanic men (P < 0.05), men with worse general health status (P < 0.05), and those with clinical depression (P < 0.05) were more likely to report incident and recurrent falls, respectively. Men with more comorbidities (P < 0.05) and those with less help/support to manage health problems (P < 0.05) were more likely to report recurrent falls. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of multi-component interventions to prevent falls by strengthening disease self-management, addressing mental health, and introducing social support. Practical applications: This study contributes to the understanding of fall-related risks among older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions and highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in fall prevention efforts.
{"title":"Incident and recurrent falls among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions","authors":"Temitope Olokunlade , Ledric D. Sherman , Mark E. Benden , Gang Han , Caroline D. Bergeron , Matthew Lee Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> While much is known about the complexities of fall-related risks among older adults, less is known about the risk for falls among men, and especially older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions. To address this crucial gap in safety research, this study examined factors associated with incident falls (1 fall) and recurrent falling (2+ falls) among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men ages ≥60 years with ≥1 chronic condition. <em>Method:</em> Collected with a cross-sectional, web-delivered questionnaire, data were analyzed from a national sample of 779 non-Hispanic Black (58.8%) and Hispanic (41.2%) men. To assess incident and recurrent falls, the number of self-reported falls in the past year was trichotomized (0 falls vs. 1 fall vs. 2+ falls) and used as the dependent variable. A multinomial logistic regression was fitted to assess factors associated with incident and recurrent falls. The model adjusted for sociodemographics, disease characteristics, health status, and social support. <em>Results:</em> On average, participants were aged 66.8 (±5.4) years and reported 3.8 (±2.7) chronic conditions. Seventy-three percent of men reported 0 falls, 12.6% reported 1 fall, and 14.4% reported 2+ falls in the past year. Relative to men reporting 0 falls, Hispanic men (P < 0.05), men with worse general health status (P < 0.05), and those with clinical depression (P < 0.05) were more likely to report incident and recurrent falls, respectively. Men with more comorbidities (P < 0.05) and those with less help/support to manage health problems (P < 0.05) were more likely to report recurrent falls. <em>Conclusions:</em> Findings highlight the importance of multi-component interventions to prevent falls by strengthening disease self-management, addressing mental health, and introducing social support. <em>Practical applications</em>: This study contributes to the understanding of fall-related risks among older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions and highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in fall prevention efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 416-423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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