Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101914
Shaon Lahiri
Social norms are thought to spread through processes of collective contagion, requiring multiple social contacts for diffusion. The spread of harmful social norms is heightened with the spread of misinformation online, especially as falsehoods spread faster than truth. Social inoculation, an intervention approach developed in the 1960s, is an effective prophylactic against harmful social norms spread. Using the analogy of a medical vaccine to develop resistance to viruses encountered in the wild, the approach exposes individuals to weakened forms of arguments they will encounter in naturalistic settings, in order to psychologically inoculate them against falsehoods and harmful social influence. Inoculation interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in the short-term and treatment effects can persist with regular ‘booster’ sessions.
{"title":"Resisting harmful social norms change using social inoculation","authors":"Shaon Lahiri","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social norms are thought to spread through processes of collective contagion, requiring multiple social contacts for diffusion. The spread of harmful social norms is heightened with the spread of misinformation online, especially as falsehoods spread faster than truth. Social inoculation, an intervention approach developed in the 1960s, is an effective prophylactic against harmful social norms spread. Using the analogy of a medical vaccine to develop resistance to viruses encountered in the wild, the approach exposes individuals to weakened forms of arguments they will encounter in naturalistic settings, in order to psychologically inoculate them against falsehoods and harmful social influence. Inoculation interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in the short-term and treatment effects can persist with regular ‘booster’ sessions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101914"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norms and institutions enable large-scale human cooperation by creating shared expectations and changing individuals’ incentives via monitoring or sanctioning. Like material technologies, these social technologies satisfy instrumental ends and solve difficult problems. However, the similarities and differences between the evolution of material technologies and the evolution of social technologies remain unresolved. Here, we review evidence suggesting that, compared to the evolution of material technologies, institutional and normative evolution exhibits constraints in the production of variation and the selection of useful variants. These constraints stem from the frequency-dependent nature of social technologies and limit the pace and scope of normative and institutional evolution. We conclude by reviewing research on the social transmission of institutions and norms and highlighting an experimental paradigm to study their cultural evolution.
{"title":"Do institutions evolve like material technologies?","authors":"Catherine Molho , Jorge Peña , Manvir Singh , Maxime Derex","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Norms and institutions enable large-scale human cooperation by creating shared expectations and changing individuals’ incentives via monitoring or sanctioning. Like material technologies, these social technologies satisfy instrumental ends and solve difficult problems. However, the similarities and differences between the evolution of material technologies and the evolution of social technologies remain unresolved. Here, we review evidence suggesting that, compared to the evolution of material technologies, institutional and normative evolution exhibits constraints in the production of variation and the selection of useful variants. These constraints stem from the frequency-dependent nature of social technologies and limit the pace and scope of normative and institutional evolution. We conclude by reviewing research on the social transmission of institutions and norms and highlighting an experimental paradigm to study their cultural evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101913"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101912
Alice Choe, Stéphane Côté
As universities and employers strive for greater socioeconomic diversity, understanding First-Generation, Low-Income (FGLI) status as a dimension of diversity is crucial. This review examines how FGLI individuals—who are the first in their families to attain higher education, achieve professional occupations and/or come from low-income backgrounds—are perceived and treated in academic and professional settings. Our review shows negative perceptions of FGLIs on traits like agency and cultural fit often lead to their exclusion. We explore the accuracy of these perceptions, finding that many perceptions do not correspond to reality, and other perceptions reflect biases and narrow standards of acceptability in upper-class, white-collar environments. Additionally, we investigate factors that shape perceptions and behaviors toward FGLIs, such as evaluators' beliefs and backgrounds. We conclude with several unanswered questions to guide future research, urging a more equitable focus that emphasizes FGLIs' strengths rather than perceived weaknesses. Addressing these gaps can create more inclusive environments for FGLIs in both educational and professional contexts.
{"title":"Perceptions and behaviors toward first-generation, low-income individuals in organizations","authors":"Alice Choe, Stéphane Côté","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As universities and employers strive for greater socioeconomic diversity, understanding First-Generation, Low-Income (FGLI) status as a dimension of diversity is crucial. This review examines how FGLI individuals—who are the first in their families to attain higher education, achieve professional occupations and/or come from low-income backgrounds—are perceived and treated in academic and professional settings. Our review shows negative perceptions of FGLIs on traits like agency and cultural fit often lead to their exclusion. We explore the accuracy of these perceptions, finding that many perceptions do not correspond to reality, and other perceptions reflect biases and narrow standards of acceptability in upper-class, white-collar environments. Additionally, we investigate factors that shape perceptions and behaviors toward FGLIs, such as evaluators' beliefs and backgrounds. We conclude with several unanswered questions to guide future research, urging a more equitable focus that emphasizes FGLIs' strengths rather than perceived weaknesses. Addressing these gaps can create more inclusive environments for FGLIs in both educational and professional contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101912"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101911
Corinne Post , Jamie L. Gloor , Kris Byron
{"title":"How men react to women’s presence: A review and an agenda to expand team gender diversity research","authors":"Corinne Post , Jamie L. Gloor , Kris Byron","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101911","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101911"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101908
Thekla Morgenroth , Teri A. Kirby , Jojanneke van der Toorn
LGBTQ + people continue to face bias and discrimination in the workplace. In this article, we focus on one subtle yet insidious manifestation of such bias: heteroprofessionalism. In workplace contexts, professionalism is generally encouraged. However, what is considered professional is subjective and often shaped by those with high status identities such as cis-heterosexuality. LGBTQ + identities are thus labelled unprofessional and inappropriate for the workplace context. We discuss (1) how heteroprofessionalism can be viewed as a manifestation of assimilation ideology that is employed to reinforce the gender/sex binary and (2) the negative consequences heteroprofessionalism has for members of the LGBTQ + community. We discuss future research directions and end with recommendations for combatting heteroprofessionalism and its harmful consequences.
{"title":"Heteroprofessionalism: The power of the gender/sex binary in the workplace","authors":"Thekla Morgenroth , Teri A. Kirby , Jojanneke van der Toorn","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LGBTQ + people continue to face bias and discrimination in the workplace. In this article, we focus on one subtle yet insidious manifestation of such bias: heteroprofessionalism. In workplace contexts, professionalism is generally encouraged. However, what is considered professional is subjective and often shaped by those with high status identities such as cis-heterosexuality. LGBTQ + identities are thus labelled unprofessional and inappropriate for the workplace context. We discuss (1) how heteroprofessionalism can be viewed as a manifestation of assimilation ideology that is employed to reinforce the gender/sex binary and (2) the negative consequences heteroprofessionalism has for members of the LGBTQ + community. We discuss future research directions and end with recommendations for combatting heteroprofessionalism and its harmful consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101908"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101909
Dillon Stewart , Hwayeon Myeong , Elisabeth Silver , Eden King , Jackson Matos , Heavenlei Thomas , Mikki Hebl
The heightened focus on racism and colorism in recent years has deepened scholarly attention to the pervasive emergence and impact of racism and colorism within organizations. In this review, we begin by exploring the diverse ways in which racism manifests within organizations. We then address the complexities and variations that exist within racial categories - exploring colorism and the ways targets of racism and colorism manage their identities. Finally, we present strategies to address and mitigate these evolving issues of racism and colorism, and we offer insights for both practice and future research.
{"title":"Discrimination on the basis of race and color","authors":"Dillon Stewart , Hwayeon Myeong , Elisabeth Silver , Eden King , Jackson Matos , Heavenlei Thomas , Mikki Hebl","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heightened focus on racism and colorism in recent years has deepened scholarly attention to the pervasive emergence and impact of racism and colorism within organizations. In this review, we begin by exploring the diverse ways in which racism manifests within organizations. We then address the complexities and variations that exist within racial categories - exploring colorism and the ways targets of racism and colorism manage their identities. Finally, we present strategies to address and mitigate these evolving issues of racism and colorism, and we offer insights for both practice and future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101909"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101910
Lynn M. Shore , Beth G. Chung
Research on inclusion has proliferated in the last twenty years yielding over 188 articles [1] as both academics and practitioners have come to recognize that inclusion provides an opportunity for people of different backgrounds and identities to work together successfully. Inclusion research is wide-ranging and includes multiple actors from different levels of an organization. Studies of inclusion climate, leader inclusion, workgroup inclusion and interpersonal inclusion are reviewed as these inclusionary approaches help to create environments where employees feel like they belong and are valued for their uniqueness [2]. We highlight recent trends in the inclusion literature that intersect with diversity.
{"title":"Inclusion as a multi-level concept","authors":"Lynn M. Shore , Beth G. Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on inclusion has proliferated in the last twenty years yielding over 188 articles [1] as both academics and practitioners have come to recognize that inclusion provides an opportunity for people of different backgrounds and identities to work together successfully. Inclusion research is wide-ranging and includes multiple actors from different levels of an organization. Studies of inclusion climate, leader inclusion, workgroup inclusion and interpersonal inclusion are reviewed as these inclusionary approaches help to create environments where employees feel like they belong and are valued for their uniqueness [2]. We highlight recent trends in the inclusion literature that intersect with diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101910"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101903
Kaichi Yanaoka , Rachel Foster , Laura E. Michaelson , Satoru Saito , Yuko Munakata
What factors lead children to delay gratification, holding out for larger rewards later instead of taking smaller rewards now? Traditionally, delay of gratification has been associated with effortful control and willpower. However, we propose that delay of gratification may be partially supported by effortless control employed through habits shaped within sociocultural contexts. Specifically, in sociocultural contexts where waiting is rewarding and socially valued, children are more likely to wait for larger, delayed rewards and to form associations between these contexts and waiting for rewards. These acquired habits enable waiting for rewards without requiring substantial cognitive effort. Based on this novel framework, we reconsider why childhood delay of gratification predicts life outcomes, and the role of cognitive, social, and cultural factors.
{"title":"The power of cultural habits: The role of effortless control in delaying gratification","authors":"Kaichi Yanaoka , Rachel Foster , Laura E. Michaelson , Satoru Saito , Yuko Munakata","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>What factors lead children to delay gratification, holding out for larger rewards later instead of taking smaller rewards now? Traditionally, delay of gratification has been associated with effortful control and willpower. However, we propose that delay of gratification may be partially supported by effortless control employed through habits shaped within sociocultural contexts. Specifically, in sociocultural contexts where waiting is rewarding and socially valued, children are more likely to wait for larger, delayed rewards and to form associations between these contexts and waiting for rewards. These acquired habits enable waiting for rewards without requiring substantial cognitive effort. Based on this novel framework, we reconsider why childhood delay of gratification predicts life outcomes, and the role of cognitive, social, and cultural factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101903"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101904
J. Lukas Thürmer , Kaiyuan Chen , Sean M. McCrea
Humans have two superpowers: reaching desired end-states (goals) and working together (cooperation). We conceptualize these two capabilities as one: collective action control. We discuss ubiquitous processes and (potential) cultural differences in collective action control in the context of two established frameworks—social identity and norms—as well as an emerging attribution of intent perspective. We illustrate collective action control processes by discussing responses to critical feedback during goal pursuit, as exemplified in research on the rejection of intergroup criticism (Intergroup Sensitivity Effect). Established frameworks did not predict the pattern of current empirical observations. We therefore call for developing the attribution of intent account through systematic theory building and research to identify the ubiquitous and culture-specific processes of collective action control.
{"title":"Collective action control: Ubiquitous processes and cultural differences","authors":"J. Lukas Thürmer , Kaiyuan Chen , Sean M. McCrea","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans have two superpowers: reaching desired end-states (goals) and working together (cooperation). We conceptualize these two capabilities as one: collective action control. We discuss ubiquitous processes and (potential) cultural differences in collective action control in the context of two established frameworks—social identity and norms—as well as an emerging attribution of intent perspective. We illustrate collective action control processes by discussing responses to critical feedback during goal pursuit, as exemplified in research on the rejection of intergroup criticism (Intergroup Sensitivity Effect). Established frameworks did not predict the pattern of current empirical observations. We therefore call for developing the attribution of intent account through systematic theory building and research to identify the ubiquitous and culture-specific processes of collective action control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101904"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352250X24001179/pdfft?md5=6dc343a95af9f78d2a7f69ce7706531f&pid=1-s2.0-S2352250X24001179-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101902
Alyssa Tedder-King , Melanie Prengler , Elad N. Sherf
Scholars are increasingly recognizing that allyship affects allies themselves. Although existing scholarship covers a multitude of constructs, most of the literature focuses on social evaluations and their effects on allyship persistence. We posit that the dual focus on social evaluations and allyship persistence has limited the theoretical insights and applied relevance of scholarship on the consequences of allyship for allies. Our review highlights emerging and understudied proximal and distal consequences and possible connections among them to guide future research efforts. We urge scholars to elucidate the distal consequences of social evaluations of allies, further explore understudied proximal and distal consequences, and offer theory as to the nuanced relationships between proximal and distal consequences of allyship for allies.
{"title":"Broadening our sights: Expanding the consequences of allyship for allies","authors":"Alyssa Tedder-King , Melanie Prengler , Elad N. Sherf","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scholars are increasingly recognizing that allyship affects allies themselves. Although existing scholarship covers a multitude of constructs, most of the literature focuses on social evaluations and their effects on allyship persistence. We posit that the dual focus on social evaluations and allyship persistence has limited the theoretical insights and applied relevance of scholarship on the consequences of allyship for allies. Our review highlights emerging and understudied proximal and distal consequences and possible connections among them to guide future research efforts. We urge scholars to elucidate the distal consequences of social evaluations of allies, further explore understudied proximal and distal consequences, and offer theory as to the nuanced relationships between proximal and distal consequences of allyship for allies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101902"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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