Recent research suggests that political polarization has spilled over into otherwise mundane areas of social life. And yet, the size, shape, and depth of that spillage into popular culture are generally unknown. Relying on a sample of 135 widely known movies, TV shows, musicians, sports, and leisure activities, we investigate these issues. We find the “oil spill” of polarization into popular culture is large but loosely organized into multiple fairly shallow pools. Cultural polarization is also asymmetric. Liberals like a wide variety of popular culture, do not dislike conservative popular culture, and their tastes are more rooted in their sociodemographics. Conservatives, on the other hand, like a much narrower range of popular culture, dislike the culture created and liked by Black and urban liberals, and their tastes seem to be more directly rooted in their political ideology. Potential implications of an asymmetric culture war, and ideas for future research, are discussed.
{"title":"The Polarization of Popular Culture: Tracing the Size, Shape, and Depth of the “Oil Spill”","authors":"Craig M Rawlings, Clayton Childress","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad150","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research suggests that political polarization has spilled over into otherwise mundane areas of social life. And yet, the size, shape, and depth of that spillage into popular culture are generally unknown. Relying on a sample of 135 widely known movies, TV shows, musicians, sports, and leisure activities, we investigate these issues. We find the “oil spill” of polarization into popular culture is large but loosely organized into multiple fairly shallow pools. Cultural polarization is also asymmetric. Liberals like a wide variety of popular culture, do not dislike conservative popular culture, and their tastes are more rooted in their sociodemographics. Conservatives, on the other hand, like a much narrower range of popular culture, dislike the culture created and liked by Black and urban liberals, and their tastes seem to be more directly rooted in their political ideology. Potential implications of an asymmetric culture war, and ideas for future research, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139061468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabel Pike, Rachael S Pierotti, Mame Soukeye Mbaye
Drawing on interviews and focus groups from Conakry, the capital city of the Republic of Guinea in West Africa, this article examines how people talk about women working in male-dominated skilled trades alongside women’s accounts of their work experiences in those sectors. We find that the idea of women doing gender atypical work, whom we call “crossovers,” evokes widespread admiration. They are unanimously described as brave and virtuous, contrasted with women who rely on money from relationships with men. However, this celebration falters in the workplace, where crossovers often experience paternalism and harassment. Building on theories of both gender beliefs and femininities, we attribute this discrepancy to the differential threats to the gender order that are posed by accommodating crossovers at work versus speaking positively about them. Working together requires men to confront actual women’s unexpected capabilities, while rhetorically celebrating crossovers may in fact reify stereotypes about most women and fail to fundamentally undermine men’s authority. Crossovers can serve as sources of inspiration for an alternative gender order, but we find that professed admiration for “exceptional” groups of women has both limitations and risks. We conclude by suggesting that the subversive potential of admiration for gender atypical behavior must be empirically examined, rather than assumed, with attention to why such women are seen as admirable as well as how this admiration is borne out in social interactions.
{"title":"Assessing Admiration for Women Who Do “Men’s Work”","authors":"Isabel Pike, Rachael S Pierotti, Mame Soukeye Mbaye","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad148","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on interviews and focus groups from Conakry, the capital city of the Republic of Guinea in West Africa, this article examines how people talk about women working in male-dominated skilled trades alongside women’s accounts of their work experiences in those sectors. We find that the idea of women doing gender atypical work, whom we call “crossovers,” evokes widespread admiration. They are unanimously described as brave and virtuous, contrasted with women who rely on money from relationships with men. However, this celebration falters in the workplace, where crossovers often experience paternalism and harassment. Building on theories of both gender beliefs and femininities, we attribute this discrepancy to the differential threats to the gender order that are posed by accommodating crossovers at work versus speaking positively about them. Working together requires men to confront actual women’s unexpected capabilities, while rhetorically celebrating crossovers may in fact reify stereotypes about most women and fail to fundamentally undermine men’s authority. Crossovers can serve as sources of inspiration for an alternative gender order, but we find that professed admiration for “exceptional” groups of women has both limitations and risks. We conclude by suggesting that the subversive potential of admiration for gender atypical behavior must be empirically examined, rather than assumed, with attention to why such women are seen as admirable as well as how this admiration is borne out in social interactions.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138559487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores how social capital and property regulations shape cultural producers’ ability to own copyrights for the products they create. Because individual producers lack the resources required to develop and distribute their creations, they partner with large firms who demand the copyrights for products they invest in. I argue two types of social capital—status and partner substitutability—enable producers to own their creations by increasing their bargaining power over the firms they partner with. Moreover, I propose that different types of property regulations condition whether status or partner substitutability have a stronger role in producers’ ownership outcomes. Analyzing all shows made for American television from 1956 to 1996, I show that increases in showrunners’ status and number of broadcasters they collaborated with increased the probability they owned shows they produced. However, the effects of these social capitals were contingent on the property regulations showrunners operated under. These findings advance our understanding of the allocation of copyrights, the power dynamics between creators and firms, and the effects of social capital in cultural industries. They didn’t have to pay me because I signed the contract. But is that right? I found out that these people were streaming my work, and they never had to ask me…They stole that from me. They just took it! (Dave Chappelle, The Unforgiven, 2021).
{"title":"Social Capital and Cultural Producers’ Copyright Ownership of Their Creations: Evidence from the Television Industry 1956–1996","authors":"Erez Aharon Marantz","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad147","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how social capital and property regulations shape cultural producers’ ability to own copyrights for the products they create. Because individual producers lack the resources required to develop and distribute their creations, they partner with large firms who demand the copyrights for products they invest in. I argue two types of social capital—status and partner substitutability—enable producers to own their creations by increasing their bargaining power over the firms they partner with. Moreover, I propose that different types of property regulations condition whether status or partner substitutability have a stronger role in producers’ ownership outcomes. Analyzing all shows made for American television from 1956 to 1996, I show that increases in showrunners’ status and number of broadcasters they collaborated with increased the probability they owned shows they produced. However, the effects of these social capitals were contingent on the property regulations showrunners operated under. These findings advance our understanding of the allocation of copyrights, the power dynamics between creators and firms, and the effects of social capital in cultural industries. They didn’t have to pay me because I signed the contract. But is that right? I found out that these people were streaming my work, and they never had to ask me…They stole that from me. They just took it! (Dave Chappelle, The Unforgiven, 2021).","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"61 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138449769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Review of “Equal Partners? How Dual-Professional Couples Make Career, Relationship, and Family Decisions”","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"297 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using data on fifteen countries based on the harmonization of IALS and PIAC data, we provide a cross-national analysis of the evolution of the role of educational attainment and cognitive skills as mediators of intergenerational inequalities between 1994 and 2015. We find that the association between parents’ education and children’s earnings is large and highly stable over time in most countries, except for Scandinavian countries, where we detect a downward trend. Conversely, the United States stands out as the country displaying the largest earning differentials by parents’ education and as the only country where these differentials increased over time. We demonstrate that educational attainment and skills contributed in different ways to the persistence of these intergenerational inequalities. On the one hand, educational equalization was compensated by increasing earning returns to education in several countries. On the other hand, the association between parents’ education and cognitive skills, as well as the related earning returns, stayed largely unchanged across these two decades.
{"title":"Parental Schooling, Educational Attainment, Skills, and Earnings: A Trend Analysis across Fifteen Countries","authors":"Nicola Pensiero, Carlo Barone","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad144","url":null,"abstract":"Using data on fifteen countries based on the harmonization of IALS and PIAC data, we provide a cross-national analysis of the evolution of the role of educational attainment and cognitive skills as mediators of intergenerational inequalities between 1994 and 2015. We find that the association between parents’ education and children’s earnings is large and highly stable over time in most countries, except for Scandinavian countries, where we detect a downward trend. Conversely, the United States stands out as the country displaying the largest earning differentials by parents’ education and as the only country where these differentials increased over time. We demonstrate that educational attainment and skills contributed in different ways to the persistence of these intergenerational inequalities. On the one hand, educational equalization was compensated by increasing earning returns to education in several countries. On the other hand, the association between parents’ education and cognitive skills, as well as the related earning returns, stayed largely unchanged across these two decades.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"119 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Review of “Civil War in Guangxi: The Cultural Revolution on China’s Southern Periphery” Get access Review of “Civil War in Guangxi: The Cultural Revolution on China’s Southern Periphery” By Andrew G. Walder Stanford University Press, 2023. 296 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $90.00 (hardcover); $30.00 (paperback) https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=35702 Yueran Zhang Yueran Zhang Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad140, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad140 Published: 11 November 2023 Article history Received: 30 September 2023 Accepted: 05 October 2023 Published: 11 November 2023
《广西内战:中国南部边缘的文化大革命》期刊文章评论，参见《广西内战:中国南部边缘的文化大革命》书评，安德鲁·g·沃尔德著，斯坦福大学出版社，2023年。296页，价格(布和纸):$90.00(精装);$30.00(平装本)https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=35702张悦然张悦然搜索作者其他作品网址:Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad140, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad140发表时间:2023年11月11日文章历史收稿时间:2023年9月30日接收时间:2023年10月05日出版时间:2023年11月11日
{"title":"Review of “Civil War in Guangxi: The Cultural Revolution on China’s Southern Periphery”","authors":"Yueran Zhang","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad140","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Review of “Civil War in Guangxi: The Cultural Revolution on China’s Southern Periphery” Get access Review of “Civil War in Guangxi: The Cultural Revolution on China’s Southern Periphery” By Andrew G. Walder Stanford University Press, 2023. 296 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $90.00 (hardcover); $30.00 (paperback) https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=35702 Yueran Zhang Yueran Zhang Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad140, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad140 Published: 11 November 2023 Article history Received: 30 September 2023 Accepted: 05 October 2023 Published: 11 November 2023","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"3 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135087129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Review of “Moving the Needle: What Tight Labor Markets Do for the Poor” Get access Review of “Moving the Needle: What Tight Labor Markets Do for the Poor” By Katherine S. Newman and Elisabeth S. Jacobs University of California Press, 2023. 376 pages, Prices $29.95 (hardcover). https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520379107/moving-the-needle Brian Thiede Brian Thiede Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad143, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad143 Published: 11 November 2023 Article history Received: 25 September 2023 Accepted: 05 October 2023 Published: 11 November 2023
期刊文章评论:“移动针头:紧缩的劳动力市场对穷人做了什么”获取评论:“移动针头:紧缩的劳动力市场对穷人做了什么”，作者:凯瑟琳·s·纽曼和伊丽莎白·s·雅各布斯，加州大学出版社，2023。376页，价格29.95美元(精装)。https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520379107/moving-the-needle Brian Thiede Brian Thiede搜索作者的其他作品:牛津学术谷歌学者社会力量，soad143, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad143发布时间:2023年11月11日文章历史接收时间:2023年9月25日接收时间:2023年10月05日发布时间:2023年11月11日
{"title":"Review of “Moving the Needle: What Tight Labor Markets Do for the Poor”","authors":"Brian Thiede","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad143","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Review of “Moving the Needle: What Tight Labor Markets Do for the Poor” Get access Review of “Moving the Needle: What Tight Labor Markets Do for the Poor” By Katherine S. Newman and Elisabeth S. Jacobs University of California Press, 2023. 376 pages, Prices $29.95 (hardcover). https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520379107/moving-the-needle Brian Thiede Brian Thiede Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad143, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad143 Published: 11 November 2023 Article history Received: 25 September 2023 Accepted: 05 October 2023 Published: 11 November 2023","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"3 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135087128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Review of “The Refugee System: A Sociological Approach” Get access By Rawan Arar and David Scott FitzGerald Polity Press, 2022. 272 pages. Prices (cloth and paper): $74.95 (hardcover); $26.95 (paper). https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Refugee+System:+A+Sociological+Approach-p-9781509542796 Liza G Steele Liza G Steele Purchase College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad139, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad139 Published: 08 November 2023 Article history Received: 04 October 2023 Accepted: 05 October 2023 Published: 08 November 2023
《难民制度:社会学方法》期刊文章评论，拉万·阿拉尔和大卫·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德著，政治出版社，2022年。272页。价格(布和纸):74.95美元(精装);26.95美元(纸)。https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Refugee+System:+A+Sociological+Approach-p-9781509542796 Liza G Steele Liza G Steele Purchase College搜索作者的其他作品:Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad139, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad139发布日期:2023年11月8日文章历史收稿日期:2023年10月4日接收日期:2023年10月5日发布日期:2023年11月8日
{"title":"Review of “The Refugee System: A Sociological Approach”","authors":"Liza G Steele","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad139","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Review of “The Refugee System: A Sociological Approach” Get access By Rawan Arar and David Scott FitzGerald Polity Press, 2022. 272 pages. Prices (cloth and paper): $74.95 (hardcover); $26.95 (paper). https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Refugee+System:+A+Sociological+Approach-p-9781509542796 Liza G Steele Liza G Steele Purchase College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad139, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad139 Published: 08 November 2023 Article history Received: 04 October 2023 Accepted: 05 October 2023 Published: 08 November 2023","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"59 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135431592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Review of “Clean Air and Good Jobs: U.S. Labor and the Struggle for Climate Justice” Get access By Todd E. Vachon Temple University Press; 2023, 296 pages. Prices: $115.50 (hardcover); $39.95 (paperback). https://tupress.temple.edu/books/clean-air-and-good-jobs Brian F O’Neill Brian F O’Neill University of Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad141, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad141 Published: 08 November 2023 Article history Received: 28 September 2023 Accepted: 13 October 2023 Published: 08 November 2023
期刊文章评论“清洁空气和良好的工作:美国劳工和争取气候正义的斗争”由Todd E. Vachon天普大学出版社获得;2023, 296页。价格:115.50美元(精装本);39.95美元(平装)。https://tupress.temple.edu/books/clean-air-and-good-jobs Brian O 'Neill Brian O 'Neill华盛顿大学查找作者的其他作品请访问:Oxford Academic b谷歌Scholar Social Forces, soad141, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad141发布日期:2023年11月8日文章历史接收日期:2023年9月28日接收日期:2023年10月13日发布日期:2023年11月8日
{"title":"Review of “Clean Air and Good Jobs: U.S. Labor and the Struggle for Climate Justice”","authors":"Brian F O’Neill","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad141","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Review of “Clean Air and Good Jobs: U.S. Labor and the Struggle for Climate Justice” Get access By Todd E. Vachon Temple University Press; 2023, 296 pages. Prices: $115.50 (hardcover); $39.95 (paperback). https://tupress.temple.edu/books/clean-air-and-good-jobs Brian F O’Neill Brian F O’Neill University of Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad141, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad141 Published: 08 November 2023 Article history Received: 28 September 2023 Accepted: 13 October 2023 Published: 08 November 2023","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"59 s78","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135431593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Review of “Tahrir’s Youth: Leaders of a Leaderless Revolution” Get access By Rusha Latif The American University in Cairo Press, 2022. 356 pages, Price: $35.00 (hardcover) https://aucpress.com/9781649030207/tahrirs-youth/ Pengfei Zhao Pengfei Zhao McGill University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad142, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad142 Published: 04 November 2023 Article history Received: 26 September 2023 Accepted: 05 October 2023 Published: 04 November 2023
{"title":"Review of “Tahrir’s Youth: Leaders of a Leaderless Revolution”","authors":"Pengfei Zhao","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad142","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Review of “Tahrir’s Youth: Leaders of a Leaderless Revolution” Get access By Rusha Latif The American University in Cairo Press, 2022. 356 pages, Price: $35.00 (hardcover) https://aucpress.com/9781649030207/tahrirs-youth/ Pengfei Zhao Pengfei Zhao McGill University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad142, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad142 Published: 04 November 2023 Article history Received: 26 September 2023 Accepted: 05 October 2023 Published: 04 November 2023","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"277 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135775542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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