IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105536

Chucai Peng , Yang Xiang , Wenjing Huang , Yale Feng , Yongqi Tang , Filip Biljecki , Zhixiang Zhou

Window views significantly influence residential quality and real estate value, particularly in high-rise residential buildings. Previous studies have predominantly focused on water and green views, resulting in a lack of clarity regarding the influence of other types of views on house prices. In this study, we quantified and analyzed the impacts of 9 window view elements, including sky, high-rise buildings, low-rise buildings, trees, grass, water, hard ground, roads, and barren land, on housing prices using online real estate images and computer vision techniques. Focusing on high-rise buildings constructed in the past five years, our findings, based on spatial hedonic pricing models, reveal that an increased proportion of water views through windows has a significant positive effect on property prices. Conversely, the presence of grass and hard ground is associated with significant negative impacts. This study examines the influence of various window view elements on apartment prices, offering valuable insights for urban planning, architectural design, and property development.

窗外景观对住宅质量和房地产价值有重大影响，尤其是高层住宅。以往的研究主要集中于水景和绿景，导致其他类型的景观对房价的影响不够明确。在本研究中，我们利用在线房地产图像和计算机视觉技术，量化分析了天空、高层建筑、低层建筑、树木、草地、水面、硬地、道路和荒地等 9 种窗景元素对房价的影响。我们以过去五年中建成的高层建筑为研究对象，基于空间享乐主义定价模型的研究结果表明，增加窗外水景的比例对房价有显著的积极影响。相反，草地和硬质地面的存在则会产生明显的负面影响。本研究探讨了各种窗景元素对公寓价格的影响，为城市规划、建筑设计和房地产开发提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Olympic regeneration vs. social (in)justice: Value capture as a referee 奥林匹克再生与社会（不）公正：作为裁判的价值攫取

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105520

Gustavo Lopes dos Santos, Ana Morais de Sá, Beatriz Condessa

The Olympics are powerful tools to catalyse development, many times through “starchitecture” or “Olympic urbanism” strategies regenerating degraded urban areas in prime city zones. However, that often brings adverse social effects, namely displacement and gentrification. Hosts have been pressured to mitigate such effects, but the strict Olympic Games financial model severely constrains hosts' opportunities. Moreover, resorting to private sector funding is a difficult task, except for the construction of accommodation facilities as, in the context of the Games, land and property values tend to be highly speculative. Implementing value capture mechanisms can prove valuable to mitigate the event's social impacts, but this solution is difficult to implement and reduces the Games' economic value. The application of value capture in the Games' context seems to be a gap in the literature and, thus, this research introduces such a concept to Olympic studies, highlighting how it can be particularly valuable given the unique characteristics of Olympic projects. Resorting to a literature review, the argument is built around three lines of thought evidencing the paradoxes of combining social responsibility with the mega-event strategy to draw a pathway for possible applications of value capture that account for such paradox when mitigating Games-related social injustices.

奥运会是催化发展的有力工具，很多时候是通过 "建筑 "或 "奥运城市主义 "战略在城市黄金地段重建退化的城区。然而，这往往会带来不利的社会影响，即流离失所和贵族化。东道主一直受到压力，要求减轻这些影响，但严格的奥运会财政模式严重限制了东道主的机会。此外，除了建造住宿设施外，借助私营部门的资金是一项艰巨的任务，因为在奥运会的背景下，土地和财产的价值往往具有很高的投机性。实施价值获取机制对于减轻奥运会的社会影响很有价值，但这一解决方案很难实施，而且会降低奥运会的经济价值。在奥运会背景下应用价值捕捉似乎是文献中的一个空白，因此，本研究将这一概念引入奥运研究，并强调鉴于奥运项目的独特性，价值捕捉如何具有特别的价值。通过文献综述，本研究围绕三条思路展开论证，证明了将社会责任与大型活动战略相结合的悖论，从而为价值捕捉的可能应用指明了道路，在缓解与奥运会有关的社会不公时考虑到了这种悖论。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping urban villages based on point-of-interest data and a deep learning approach 基于兴趣点数据和深度学习方法绘制城中村地图

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105549

Ting Li , Quanlong Feng , Bowen Niu , Boan Chen , Fengqin Yan , Jianhua Gong , Jiantao Liu

In the process of urban development, spatial structure within cities undergoes great changes, where the rural areas are surrounded by newly urban blocks, leading to the widespread of urban villages. Thus, quick and accurate prediction of urban villages is crucial for urban planning, management and sustainability. Recently, point-of-interest (POI) data mining has emerged as a popular topic in urban research. This study aims to propose an urban village prediction model in complex urban landscape patterns by utilizing POI data as a single data source. We firstly calculated word embeddings of POI types as the semantic features of urban villages based on Word2Vec. Afterwards, a BiLSTM-Multiscale-Attention (BMA) model is proposed to predict urban or non-urban villages based on POI word embeddings. Experimental results in several major cities of China, including Beijing, Tianjin, Xi'an, Shijiazhuang, Wuhan, and Guangzhou indicates that the proposed model achieved an average overall accuracy of 84.06 %, outperforming several other data-driven methods. This study demonstrates that POI data can provide accurate spatial distribution information for urban villages. These findings provide new ideas and references for comprehensive understanding of urban villages at a fine scale.

在城市发展过程中，城市内部的空间结构发生了巨大变化，农村地区被新的城市街区所包围，导致城中村的普遍存在。因此，快速准确地预测城中村对于城市规划、管理和可持续发展至关重要。最近，兴趣点（POI）数据挖掘已成为城市研究的热门话题。本研究旨在利用 POI 数据作为单一数据源，提出复杂城市景观模式下的城中村预测模型。首先，我们基于 Word2Vec 计算了 POI 类型的词嵌入，作为城中村的语义特征。之后，我们提出了一个 BiLSTM-Multiscale-Attention (BMA) 模型，根据 POI 词嵌入预测城中村或非城中村。在北京、天津、西安、石家庄、武汉和广州等中国几个主要城市的实验结果表明，所提出的模型达到了 84.06 % 的平均总体准确率，优于其他几种数据驱动方法。这项研究表明，POI 数据可以为城中村提供准确的空间分布信息。这些发现为在精细尺度上全面了解城中村提供了新的思路和参考。

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引用次数: 0

Smart governance for affordable housing in China: Preparation, practice, and paradoxes 中国保障性住房的智能治理：准备、实践与悖论

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105500

Wanxia Zhao , Yonghua Zou

Smart governance based on digital technologies offers new possibilities for enhancing governance efficacy. This article aims to explore how smart governance can be systematically applied in affordable housing. To this end, the article proposes an analytical framework that reveals the relationship among smart governance practices, pre-practice preparations, the balancing of paradoxes, and the good governance of affordable housing, then the case of Hangzhou is employed to illustrate this framework. This article argues that smart governance is not a patchwork of fragmented application scenarios but a coherent system. Smart governance for affordable housing needs to be prepared in terms of technology infrastructure and institutional innovation. During the preparation and practice phases, it is also need to balance a series of paradoxes to realize public values, which is the basis for achieving good governance for affordable housing. This article contributes to the theoretical understanding of the various components of smart governance and their intrinsic logical relationships, as well as provides an existing case of affordable housing smart governance for the reference of other cities.

基于数字技术的智能治理为提高治理效率提供了新的可能性。本文旨在探讨如何在经济适用房中系统地应用智能治理。为此，文章提出了一个分析框架，揭示了智能治理实践、实践前准备、悖论平衡和保障性住房善治之间的关系，并以杭州为例对这一框架进行了说明。本文认为，智慧治理不是零散应用场景的拼凑，而是一个连贯的系统。保障性住房的智能治理需要在技术基础设施和制度创新方面做好准备。在准备和实践阶段，还需要平衡一系列悖论，实现公共价值，这是实现保障性住房善治的基础。本文有助于从理论上理解智慧治理的各个组成部分及其内在逻辑关系，并提供了一个现有的保障性住房智慧治理案例，供其他城市参考。

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引用次数: 0

The city between services: Territory as a learning environment in a neighborhood of Milan, Italy 服务之间的城市：意大利米兰一个社区的学习环境

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105557

Martina Bovo, Marta Cordini

Despite educational poverty being traditionally addressed within the social and educational domains, recent interdisciplinary research highlights the role of the territorial context in fostering social inclusion and counteracting educational poverty. This paper reflects on the city as a learning and educational context, assuming the framework of the Italian Integrated System. In 2017, the Italian Ministry of Education paved the way towards an integrated system in ECEC services, aiming at increasing equity and quality for the 0–6 population. Merging the 0–2 and the 3–5 cycles, traditionally split, would result in the so-called Poli per l’ Infanzia: systems of shared spaces, resources and services. The integration is not meant only vertically, between the cycles, but also horizontally, with services and actors inhabiting the same territory. The integration between the cycles and the surrounding territory is far from being implemented, and the contextual diversities that characterize Italy at different scales pose several challenges. This contribution disentangles the concept of ‘horizontal integration;’ it highlights the relevance of contextual features and the resources that can be mobilized locally, especially in urban areas. The work assumes a peripherical neighborhood of Milan, Italy, as a case study and adopts an ethnographic approach for the analysis.

尽管教育贫困问题传统上是在社会和教育领域内解决的，但最近的跨学科研究强调了地域环境在促进社会包容和消除教育贫困方面的作用。本文以意大利综合系统为框架，对作为学习和教育环境的城市进行反思。2017 年，意大利教育部为幼儿保育和教育服务综合系统铺平了道路，旨在提高 0-6 岁人口的公平性和质量。将传统上分割的 0-2 岁和 3-5 岁周期合并，将形成所谓的 "Poli per l' Infanzia"：共享空间、资源和服务的系统。这种融合不仅是指周期之间的纵向融合，还包括服务和参与者在同一区域内的横向融合。周期与周边地区之间的融合远未实现，意大利不同尺度的环境多样性也带来了一些挑战。这篇论文对 "横向一体化 "的概念进行了分解，强调了环境特征的相关性以及当地（尤其是城市地区）可调动的资源。作品以意大利米兰的一个边缘街区为案例，采用人种学方法进行分析。

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引用次数: 0

Capturing what statistics miss: Mapping unsafe places and victimization experiences in the City of Granada, Spain 捕捉统计数据的遗漏：绘制西班牙格拉纳达市的不安全场所和受害经历图

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105501

Carmen Lizárraga , Isabel Castillo-Pérez , Alejandro L. Grindlay

This research assesses safety perceptions and maps unsafe places and victimization experiences of both women and men university students in public spaces throughout Granada city, Spain. Survey data from 383 participants were analyzed, with 413 unsafe places mapped. Statistically, significant gender disparities were found, with women reporting greater insecurity, particularly at night, and experiencing higher frequencies of victimization, notably sexual violence. Spatially, the innovative Perceived Insecurity Points Score (PIPS) emphasizes findings by integrating environmental factors (EF), social factors (SF) and victimization experiences (V), offering a comprehensive assessment of how these factors overlap and influence individuals' experiences. Men identified significantly fewer unsafe locations than women, with only a third acknowledging their existence. Meanwhile, women reported a higher frequency of victimization incidents, particularly involving sexual harassment. The work captures what is often overlooked in official statistics: broader forms of unwanted behavior pose a significant threat to women, extending the shadow of the “hypothesis of sexual assault”.

本研究评估了西班牙格拉纳达市男女大学生对公共场所安全的看法，并绘制了不安全场所和受害经历地图。研究分析了 383 名参与者的调查数据，并绘制了 413 个不安全场所的地图。从统计数据来看，性别差异非常明显，女性表示更不安全，尤其是在夜间，而且受害频率更高，特别是性暴力。在空间上，创新性的 "感知不安全点评分"（PIPS）通过整合环境因素（EF）、社会因素（SF）和受害经历（V）来强调调查结果，对这些因素如何重叠和影响个人经历进行全面评估。男性发现的不安全地点明显少于女性，只有三分之一的男性承认存在不安全地点。同时，女性报告的受害事件频率更高，尤其是涉及性骚扰的事件。这项工作捕捉到了在官方统计中经常被忽视的问题：更广泛形式的不受欢迎行为对女性构成了重大威胁，扩大了 "性侵犯假设 "的阴影。

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引用次数: 0

City profile: Transformations and challenges of São Paulo's historic triangle 城市概况：圣保罗历史三角区的变革与挑战

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105529

Sayed Abdul Basir Samimi , Artur Rozestraten , Beatriz Piccolotto Siqueira Bueno

Unlike other American megacities, São Paulo's financial and administrative center has shifted multiple times, specifically four times over the last century. These shifts have significantly affected the city's former centers. This study examines the transformation of São Paulo's original center, the Historic Triangle, where layers of urban development that rapidly overlaid in the 20th century led to the demolition of historic buildings and verticalization. The shift of centrality subsequently caused the decay of this historic center. Despite the decline in its financial and administrative importance, the Historic Triangle remained a valuable site for its architectural heritage, though its cultural landscape and imageability are at risk. The data for this study was gathered from site surveys, historical maps, and experts' opinions and was analyzed using GIS and SPSS. An original 3D video was produced to illustrate the transformation and rapid verticalization of the Historic Triangle. To address the complex architectural landscape, the existing buildings are categorized into three generations: 1^stG (oldest), 2^ndG (transitional), and 3^rdG (newest). We examined each category's façade details, building design, and urban integration and provided recommendations for conservation measures and policies to preserve the site's historical integrity and enhance its new role as a tourist heritage center.

与美国其他特大城市不同，圣保罗的金融和行政中心曾多次转移，特别是在上个世纪转移了四次。这些转移对城市的前中心产生了重大影响。本研究探讨了圣保罗最初的中心--历史三角区的变迁。20 世纪，层层叠叠的城市发展迅速叠加，导致了历史建筑的拆除和垂直化。中心位置的转移导致了这一历史中心的衰败。尽管在金融和行政方面的重要性有所下降，但历史三角区的建筑遗产仍具有重要价值，只是其文化景观和形象受到了威胁。本研究的数据来自现场调查、历史地图和专家意见，并使用 GIS 和 SPSS 进行了分析。还制作了一个原创 3D 视频，以说明历史三角区的转型和快速垂直化。针对复杂的建筑景观，将现有建筑分为三代：第一代（最古老）、第二代（过渡时期）和第三代（最新）。我们对每一类建筑的立面细节、建筑设计和城市融合进行了研究，并提出了保护措施和政策建议，以保护遗址的历史完整性，提升其作为旅游遗产中心的新角色。

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引用次数: 0

How does geographical environment affect residents' perception of social justice: An empirical study from low-income communities in Beijing 地理环境如何影响居民对社会公正的认知？来自北京低收入社区的实证研究

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105531

Lei Kang , Caicai Liu , Xuankai Ma

With the transition to a market-oriented economic system and the transformation of social structure, urban society has undergone significant spatial differentiation, leading to a deepening divide between the rich and the poor. This has caused issues like social exclusion and spatial isolation to become increasingly prominent, which in turn, limit the harmonious and orderly development of cities. As Beijing's goal to become a “world-class harmonious and livable city” accelerates, there has been a growing focus on ensuring social justice satisfaction for residents in low-income communities. This focus has translated into more attention being paid to spatial equity in residents' living environments. Employing a mixed-methods approach with multi-level regressions to understand the nuanced interplay between urban geography and social equity, where depend variable was subjective questionary from low-income communities in Beijing (2017), the independent variables were geographical factors. Using research data from typical low-income communities in Beijing (2017), our study integrated theories from geography and sociology to examine the spatial equity of the living environment. We then empirically analyzed the impact of geographical environment and objective conditions on residents' perception of social equity in low-income communities. Our findings indicate that there are significant differences in the level of social justice perception among residents across different types of communities. The upscale community with better community environment is not consistent with the evaluation of higher perceived justice. Furthermore, service facilities, employment accessibility, and built environment all influence individual satisfaction with social justice to varying degrees. There is also a moderating effect of living environment satisfaction on social justice perception in low-income communities, with residents' socioeconomic attributes influencing their level of social justice satisfaction. This research contributes to the broader understanding of spatial equity in urban development, highlighting the pivotal role of geographical factors in shaping perceptions of social justice. These insights are crucial for policymakers and urban planners striving for more equitable urban development in rapidly growing cities.

随着经济体制向市场化转型和社会结构转型，城市社会空间分化明显，贫富分化日益加深。这导致社会排斥、空间隔离等问题日益突出，进而制约了城市的和谐有序发展。随着北京建设 "国际一流的和谐宜居之都 "目标的加快推进，确保低收入社区居民的社会公平满意度日益受到重视。这种关注已转化为对居民生活环境空间公平的更多关注。采用多层次回归的混合方法来理解城市地理与社会公平之间微妙的相互作用，其中因变量是来自北京低收入社区的主观问卷（2017 年），自变量是地理因素。我们的研究利用北京典型低收入社区的调研数据（2017 年），结合地理学和社会学理论，考察了居住环境的空间公平性。然后，我们实证分析了地理环境和客观条件对低收入社区居民社会公平感的影响。我们的研究结果表明，不同类型社区居民的社会公平感水平存在显著差异。社区环境较好的高档社区与较高的公平感知评价并不一致。此外，服务设施、就业便利性和建筑环境都会在不同程度上影响个人对社会公正的满意度。生活环境满意度对低收入社区的社会公正感也有调节作用，居民的社会经济属性会影响他们的社会公正满意度。这项研究有助于人们更广泛地理解城市发展中的空间公平问题，强调了地理因素在形成社会公平感方面的关键作用。这些见解对于在快速发展的城市中努力实现更加公平的城市发展的政策制定者和城市规划者来说至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering house prices by integrating street perceptions with a machine-learning algorithm: A case study of Xi'an, China 用机器学习算法整合街道感知解密房价：中国西安案例研究

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105542

Lin Luo , Xiping Yang , Junyi Li , Yongyong Song , Zhiyuan Zhao

A comprehensive understanding of house prices and their factors provide insights into the demand for housing while helping policymakers implement measures to manage the housing market. Traditional studies either focus more on linear relationships and ignore complex, non-linear influences or consider neighborhood amenities but lose sight of the streetscape. This study aims to enrich the literature by integrating street-perception characteristics with an interpretable machine-learning technique for modeling house prices. Specifically, street-view images were semantically segmented to quantify street-perception characteristics from five perspectives: greenness, openness, enclosure, walkability, and imageability. By combining the determinants of community attributes and living convenience, 17 explanatory variables were fed into a gradient-boosting decision tree (GBDT) model to estimate housing prices. The results reveal that the model significantly outperforms the linear model (R² increased by 47.87 %). Additionally, an improvement of 26.15 % (R²) was observed when street-perception characteristics were incorporated. Moreover, complicated non-linear relationships and interaction effects are discussed by visualizing partial dependence plots (PDPs). These findings offer nuanced guidance for improving the neighborhood environment to promote urban equity and develop a sustainable housing market.

全面了解房价及其影响因素有助于深入了解住房需求，同时帮助政策制定者采取措施管理住房市场。传统的研究要么更多地关注线性关系而忽视复杂的非线性影响因素，要么只考虑街区设施而忽视街道景观。本研究旨在将街道感知特征与可解释的房价建模机器学习技术相结合，从而丰富相关文献。具体来说，对街景图像进行语义分割，从五个角度量化街道感知特征：绿化、开放性、封闭性、可步行性和形象性。结合社区属性和生活便利性的决定因素，将 17 个解释变量输入梯度提升决策树（GBDT）模型，以估算房价。结果显示，该模型明显优于线性模型（R2 提高了 47.87%）。此外，在加入街道感知特征后，R2 提高了 26.15%。此外，还通过可视化局部依存图（PDP）讨论了复杂的非线性关系和交互效应。这些发现为改善街区环境以促进城市公平和发展可持续住房市场提供了细致入微的指导。

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引用次数: 0

The attraction gradient of urban functions: How does functional mix at multiple scales predict urban vitality 城市功能的吸引力梯度：多尺度的功能组合如何预测城市活力

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105516

Jishan Duan , Hui Wang , Lun Liu , Jie Zhang

What determines urban vitality has been a key research topic for urban planning and management since Jane Jacobs. Recently, statistical examinations of the relationship between the urban environment and vitality have become possible, facilitated by the availability of human positioning big data and fine-grained built environment data. However, existing studies tend to oversimplify the spatial impact of urban environmental factors, focusing solely on immediate surroundings. Due to people's trip chaining and exploration behavior, a place's functions can have a “spill-over” effect across the urban space. This study, therefore, aims to investigate such “attraction gradient” of urban functions to better understand the spatial relationship between urban vitality and its influencing factors. The study uses mobile phone and point-of-interest data from Beijing and Chengdu, China, to model the relationship between a place's vitality and urban functions in different distance bands. We find that, when counting from a place, urban functions within five kilometers significantly predict urban vitality, whereas beyond five kilometers, their contribution is marginal. Daytime and nighttime attraction gradients also differ. This study offers insights into the spatial relationship between urban function and vitality, enhancing our understanding and modelling of urban vitality.

自简-雅各布斯以来，城市活力的决定因素一直是城市规划和管理的关键研究课题。最近，由于人类定位大数据和精细的建筑环境数据的出现，对城市环境与活力之间关系的统计研究成为可能。然而，现有研究往往将城市环境因素的空间影响过于简单化，只关注周边环境。由于人们的出行链和探索行为，一个地方的功能会对整个城市空间产生 "溢出 "效应。因此，本研究旨在研究城市功能的这种 "吸引力梯度"，以更好地理解城市活力与其影响因素之间的空间关系。本研究利用中国北京和成都的手机数据和兴趣点数据，建立了不同距离带的地方活力与城市功能之间的关系模型。我们发现，从一个地方算起，五公里以内的城市功能对城市活力有显著的预测作用，而五公里以外的城市功能对城市活力的贡献则微乎其微。白天和夜间的吸引力梯度也有所不同。这项研究有助于我们深入了解城市功能与活力之间的空间关系，从而加强我们对城市活力的理解和建模。

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引用次数: 0

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