Journal of Personality最新文献_第8页

Does a Small Country Have Meaningful Regional Personality Differences? The Case of Estonia 一个小国是否存在有意义的地域个性差异？爱沙尼亚案例

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13013

Ling Xu, Friedrich M. Götz, Tobias Ebert, Siiri Silm, Uku Vainik, Wendy Johnson, René Mõttus

Background

Regional differences in the Big Five personality domains have been observed in several countries at different geographical granularities, often correlating with regional political, economic, social, and health (PESH) indicators.

Objective

We examined the extent of regional personality differences in Estonia and whether these differences were meaningfully correlated with PESH indicators.

Methods

Using data from the Estonian Biobank (N = 72,268; 7% of the adult population, providing unprecedented representativeness), we tested regional personality differences and their relations with PESH indicators with and without spatial smoothing.

Results

We found that regional Big Five scores varied by 1.19 (extraversion) to 2.78 (openness) T-score units across counties (N = 15) and by 2.80 (extraversion) to 4.74 (openness) units across municipalities (n = 74). Also, the correlations with the PESH indicators at the county and municipality levels persisted even after controlling for gender, age, and spatial dependency, and were moderately consistent with our predictions (r = 0.23 to 0.30) and between the county and municipality levels (r = 0.41).

Conclusions

Estonian residents tended to be similar in personality traits regardless of their location, replicating results from other countries. Yet, small regional personality domain differences could represent valid and possibly consequential psychological variation.

在几个不同地理粒度的国家中，已经观察到五大人格领域的区域差异，这些差异通常与区域政治、经济、社会和健康（PESH）指标相关。目的研究爱沙尼亚地区人格差异的程度，以及这些差异是否与PESH指标有意义相关。方法使用爱沙尼亚生物库(N = 72,268；7%的成年人，提供了前所未有的代表性)，我们测试了区域人格差异及其与PESH指标的关系，并在有无空间平滑的情况下进行了测试。结果我们发现，不同县（N = 15）的区域大五得分差异为1.19（外向性）至2.78（开放性）T - score单位，不同市（N = 74）的区域大五得分差异为2.80（外向性）至4.74（开放性）单位。此外，即使在控制了性别、年龄和空间依赖关系后，县市两级PESH指标之间的相关性仍然存在，并且与我们的预测（r = 0.23至0.30）以及县市两级之间的相关性（r = 0.41）保持适度一致。结论爱沙尼亚居民的人格特征与其他国家的调查结果一致，与其他国家的调查结果一致。然而，小的区域人格领域差异可能代表有效的，可能是相应的心理差异。

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引用次数: 0

Empathy During Crises: Investigating Attitudes, Tolerance, and Ingroup–Outgroup Dynamics in Response to Refugee Movements 危机中的同理心：调查态度、宽容和群体内外动态对难民运动的反应

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13012

Ronja Demel, Lena Masch, David Schieferdecker, Hanna Schwander, Swen Hutter, Jule Specht

Objective

In times of societal crises, it is pivotal to understand and share others' feelings. Yet, the role of empathy in fostering prosocial responses during societal crises has not gained enough attention. Our study uses the onset of Russia's war on Ukraine to examine three key questions: (1) Is empathy related to attitudes toward pro-refugee policies? (2) Does empathy correlate with a higher tolerance for diverse opinions on refugee policies? (3) Is empathy linked to perceived interpersonal closeness toward social in- and outgroups, including refugees?

Methods and Results

Using observational data from online surveys conducted with a largely representative quota sample from Germany (N = 1199–1631) during the initial months of the war, we found that empathy was associated with significantly higher support of pro-refugee policies, driven primarily by empathic concern. Additionally, more empathetic individuals exhibited greater opinion diversity and showed smaller distinctions in perceived interpersonal closeness between in- and outgroups.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the critical role of empathy in fostering solidarity and social cohesion during societal crises.

在社会危机时期，理解和分享他人的感受是至关重要的。然而，在社会危机中，共情在促进亲社会反应中的作用尚未得到足够的重视。我们的研究利用俄罗斯对乌克兰战争的爆发来检验三个关键问题：(1)同理心是否与对亲难民政策的态度有关？(2)同理心是否与对难民政策不同意见的更高容忍度相关？(3)共情是否与对社会内外群体（包括难民）的人际亲密感有关？方法与结果在战争的最初几个月里，我们使用来自德国的极具代表性的配额样本（N = 1199-1631）进行的在线调查的观察数据，我们发现移情与支持难民政策的显著更高的支持相关，这主要是由移情关注驱动的。此外，更有同理心的个体表现出更大的意见多样性，并且在内部群体和外部群体之间感知到的人际亲密程度上表现出更小的差异。这些发现强调了共情在社会危机中促进团结和社会凝聚力的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Does Perfectionism Affect Parental Identity Development? A One-Year Longitudinal Study 完美主义影响父母身份发展吗？为期一年的纵向研究

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13010

Konrad Piotrowski, Kamil Janowicz, Lavinia Damian-Ilea, Oana Negru-Subtirica

Introduction

Previous studies have revealed that perfectionism and identity development during adolescence are related. However, no longitudinal study has been conducted on the impact of perfectionism on identity development in adulthood. In the present study, we analyzed for the first time the longitudinal relationship between personal standards, an indicator of perfectionistic strivings, and concern over mistakes and doubts about actions, indicators of perfectionist concerns, and identity development in one of the most important yet least understood domains for adults, parental identity.

Methods

This 1-year, three-wave longitudinal study investigated reciprocal relationships between perfectionism and parental identity among 1275 parents (aged 18–30, M = 26.11; SD = 3.00). We analyzed the results using cross-lagged panel model analysis and random-intercept cross-lagged panel model analysis.

Results

The results revealed that personal standards were associated with a relative increase in seeking in-depth information about parenthood, and doubts/concerns were associated with a relative increase in disappointment and parenthood regret. Parental identity was not reciprocally related to changes in perfectionism at the between-person level. However, we observed the effect of parental identity on the decrease in personal standards at the within-person level.

Conclusion

The results suggest mutual relationships between perfectionism and parental identity at the between-person and within-person levels.

先前的研究表明，青春期的完美主义和身份发展是相关的。然而，尚无关于完美主义对成年期身份发展影响的纵向研究。在本研究中，我们首次分析了个人标准（完美主义奋斗的指标）与对错误的担忧和对行为的怀疑（完美主义关注的指标）之间的纵向关系，以及成年人最重要但最不为人知的领域之一——父母身份的认同发展。方法对1275名18-30岁的父母(M = 26.11；Sd = 3.00)。我们使用交叉滞后面板模型分析和随机截距交叉滞后面板模型分析来分析结果。结果发现，个人标准与寻求父母身份深层信息的相对增加有关，而怀疑/担忧与失望和父母身份后悔的相对增加有关。在人际层面上，父母身份与完美主义的变化没有相互关系。然而，我们观察到父母身份在个人水平上对个人标准降低的影响。结论完美主义与父母身份认同在人际和人内层面上存在相互关系。

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引用次数: 0

Becoming as Open-Minded and Organized as My Classmates? Peer Effects on Self-Reported Personality Trait Development in the Classroom 变得像我的同学一样思想开放和有条理？同伴对课堂自述人格特质发展的影响。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13009

Mieke Johannsen, Naemi D. Brandt, Oliver Lüdtke, Jenny Wagner

Introduction

How does a student's personality development relate to the personality of their classmates? The school class builds a pertinent comparison group during adolescence that has been identified as a critical factor in students' development of abilities and self-perceptions. This study empirically tests the impact of classroom personality composition on changes in adolescents' Big Five personality traits. We hypothesized positive associations between class-level openness and conscientiousness and the individual development of these traits given their role in academic performance.

Method

To test these hypotheses and explore additional composition effects, we employed three approaches of multilevel structural equation modeling on two large longitudinal samples of German adolescents (N₁ = 5470; N₂ = 788).

Results

Our analyses yielded two principal findings: First, individual personality levels remained highly stable across different time periods. Second, contrary to our hypotheses, baseline class-level openness and conscientiousness were not positively linked to individual personality development. Instead, there were some indications that higher class-level openness was negatively linked to individual openness to experiences at the second measurement point.

Conclusions

We discuss the absence of systematic composition effects at the classroom level and consider methodological challenges in investigating these effects.

一个学生的个性发展与他的同学的个性是如何联系在一起的？学校班级在青少年时期建立了一个相关的比较组，这被认为是学生能力和自我认知发展的关键因素。本研究实证检验了课堂人格构成对青少年大五人格特征变化的影响。考虑到开放性和严谨性在学业表现中的作用，我们假设班级水平的开放性和严谨性与这些特征的个体发展之间存在正相关。方法：为了检验这些假设并探索额外的成分效应，我们采用了三种多层次结构方程建模方法对两个大型德国青少年纵向样本(N1 = 5470；n2 = 788)。结果：我们的分析得出了两个主要发现：第一，个体的个性水平在不同时期保持高度稳定。其次，与我们的假设相反，基线阶级水平的开放性和严谨性与个体人格发展没有正相关。相反，有一些迹象表明，在第二个测量点，较高的班级水平的开放性与个人对经验的开放性呈负相关。结论：我们讨论了在课堂水平上缺乏系统的作文效应，并考虑了调查这些效应的方法挑战。

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引用次数: 0

A Process- and Status-Centered Approach to Educational Identity Development in Late Adolescence: The Importance for Well-Being 青少年晚期教育认同发展的过程中心和地位中心研究：对幸福感的重要性

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13008

Elisabeth L. de Moor, Annabelle H. T. Christiaens

Objective

During late adolescence, adolescents' educational identity may be especially salient as they need to make important decisions regarding their education around the transition from secondary school to tertiary education. The way adolescents shape their identity during this period may have important implications for their academic functioning and psychological well-being.

Method

In the present study, we used four half-yearly measurements of educational identity from 208 Dutch adolescents (M_age = 17.8, 73.6% female) to examine identity change in late adolescence. We combined an identity process-centered approach, focusing on identity commitment, exploration, and self-doubt processes, with an identity status-centered approach, focusing on their constellation, and linked individual differences in identity to well-being.

Results

Findings evidenced some developmental change, generally in the direction of a more mature identity (i.e., lower exploration and self-doubt; transitions toward a status characterized by high commitment, average exploration, and low self-doubt), but also much stability. Furthermore, being in an identity status characterized by low engagement in all three processes was associated with poorer psychological well-being.

Conclusions

Our findings emphasize the need to examine identity, especially across identity-salient periods, and highlight important next steps in the pursuit of a better understanding of educational identity in late adolescence.

在青春期后期，青少年的教育身份可能特别突出，因为他们需要在从中学到大学教育的过渡期间做出重要的教育决定。青少年在这一时期塑造自我认同的方式可能对他们的学业功能和心理健康有着重要的影响。方法在本研究中，我们对208名荷兰青少年（男性17.8人，女性73.6%）进行了四次半年一次的教育认同测量，以检查青春期后期的认同变化。我们结合了以身份过程为中心的方法，关注身份承诺、探索和自我怀疑过程，以及以身份状态为中心的方法，关注他们的星座，并将个人身份差异与幸福感联系起来。结果：研究结果显示了一些发展变化，一般是朝着更成熟的身份方向发展(即减少探索和自我怀疑；向高度承诺、平均探索和低自我怀疑的状态过渡，但也很稳定。此外，在这三个过程中参与程度较低的身份状态与较差的心理健康有关。结论：我们的研究结果强调了对身份进行研究的必要性，特别是跨越身份显著期，并强调了在更好地理解青春期晚期教育身份方面的重要后续步骤。

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引用次数: 0

The Relationship Between Cognitive and Emotional Abilities and Ideological Attitudes Among Adolescents 青少年认知、情绪能力与思想态度的关系

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13007

Alain Van Hiel, Kim Dierckx, Hilde Depauw, Tassilo Tissot, Ruben Van Severen, Johnny Fontaine, Arne Roets

Objective

A large number of studies—usually based on samples of adults—have revealed a negative relationship between cognitive abilities and right-wing ideological attitudes. Recently, this relationship has been claimed to be weaker among adolescents.

Method

We administered data in a sample of adolescents (N = 531) who completed a full cognitive abilities test, as well as a number of abridged, performance-based emotional abilities tests. We also administered Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), and Left-Wing Authoritarianism (LWA).

Results

The results revealed the relationships that mirror the pattern obtained in adult samples, both among middle (age 17 or younger) and late adolescents (age 18 or older). Specifically, the relationship between cognitive abilities and ideological attitudes emerged with a similar magnitude. Not only did the analyses reaffirm previous studies with regard to the relationships for RWA and SDO, but we also revealed meaningful relationships for LWA. Moreover, emotional abilities bore out even stronger relationships than cognitive abilities.

Conclusions

The present results thus show that the relationships between cognitive and emotional abilities on the one hand and ideological attitudes on the other hand also apply to adolescents. We discuss the need to better understand the development of ideological attitudes throughout childhood and adolescence.

大量研究——通常基于成人样本——揭示了认知能力与右翼意识形态态度之间的负相关关系。最近，这种关系被认为在青少年中较弱。方法：我们对青少年样本（N = 531）进行数据管理，这些青少年完成了完整的认知能力测试，以及一些精简的、基于表现的情绪能力测试。我们还对右翼威权主义（RWA）、社会支配取向（SDO）和左翼威权主义（LWA）进行了测试。结果显示，在成人样本中，无论是在中年（17岁或以下）还是在青少年晚期（18岁或以上），这种关系都反映了成人样本的模式。具体来说，认知能力和意识形态态度之间的关系也以类似的幅度出现。这些分析不仅重申了以前关于RWA和SDO之间关系的研究，而且我们还揭示了LWA之间有意义的关系。此外，情感能力比认知能力更能体现人际关系。结论认知能力和情绪能力与思想态度的关系同样适用于青少年。我们讨论了更好地理解整个童年和青春期思想态度发展的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

How Users' Personality Traits Predict Sentiment Tendencies of User-Generated Content in Social Media: A Mixed Method of Configuration Analysis and Machine Learning 用户的性格特征如何预测社交媒体中用户生成内容的情感倾向？配置分析与机器学习的混合方法。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13000

Yongqing Yang, Jianyue Xu, Ling Zhao, Lesley Pek Wee Land, Wenli Li

Objective

Social media content created by users with different personality traits presents various sentiment tendencies, easily leading to irrational public opinion. This study aims to explore the relationships between users' personality traits and sentiment tendencies of user-generated content (UGC).

Method

We crawled 18,686 tweets of 1, 215 users from Twitter to figure out the relationships between personality traits and sentiment tendencies. This study utilizes Essays and Sentiment datasets to train machine learning models for the identification of personality traits and sentiment tendencies and then explores the configuration effect of personality traits on sentiment tendency via crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA).

Result

The findings suggest that (1) one-dimensional personality trait is not a necessary condition for the sentiment tendencies of UGC. (2) There are multiple equivalent configurations that lead to the sentiment tendencies of UGC.

Conclusion

The study suggests that the sentiment tendencies pattern of UGC can be discovered via the configurations of various dimensions of personality traits.

目的：不同人格特征的用户创作的社交媒体内容呈现出不同的情绪倾向，容易导致不合理的舆论。本研究旨在探讨用户人格特质与用户生成内容（UGC）情感倾向之间的关系。方法：我们从Twitter上抓取了1215名用户的18686条推文，以找出人格特征与情绪倾向之间的关系。本研究利用论文和情感数据集训练识别人格特质和情感倾向的机器学习模型，然后通过crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis （csQCA）探讨人格特质对情感倾向的配置效应。结果：研究结果表明：(1)一维人格特质并不是UGC情感倾向的必要条件。(2)导致UGC情感倾向的等价配置有多种。结论：研究表明，UGC的情感倾向模式可以通过人格特质各维度的配置来发现。

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引用次数: 0

Empathy to Creativity: The Associations Between Empathy and Everyday Creativity 移情创造力：移情与日常创造力之间的关联》。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13002

Bijie Tie, Wenjing Yang, Tengbin Huo, Yixin Gao, Xiongjian Yang, Dingyue Tian, Matthew Pelowski, Jiang Qiu

Objective

Everyday creativity is fundamental to human existence and improved well-being. Beyond recent attention regarding how contextual, lifestyle, personality, and neurobiological differences might foster everyday creativity, empathy may also constitute an intriguing connection. However, this potential relationship has not yet been systematically assessed.

Methods

Study 1 used multiple psychometric instruments to examine the levels of emotional and cognitive empathies and everyday creativity among different samples (n = 809). Study 2 used a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) to examine longitudinal behavioral data (n = 653 at T1, n = 413 at T2) to determine how cognitive empathy might predict everyday creativity.

Results

Study 1 found that cognitive but not affective empathy exhibited a significant positive correlation with everyday creativity and domain-specific creative behaviors. Study 2 also reported a positive correlation between cognitive empathy, overall creative achievement, and certain domain-specific creative achievements. Cognitive empathy was linked to greater involvement in everyday creativity.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, these studies are the first to demonstrate a robust relationship between cognitive empathy and everyday creativity across different samples, measures, and longitudinal data, providing evidence of a nuanced relationship between cognitive empathy and creative achievement. Future studies should explore how creativity or empathy may foster empathic/creative development.

目的：日常创造力是人类生存和改善福祉的基础。除了最近对环境、生活方式、个性和神经生物学差异如何培养日常创造力的关注之外，同理心也可能构成一个有趣的联系。然而，这种潜在的关系尚未得到系统的评估。方法：研究1采用多种心理测量工具检测不同样本（n = 809）的情感、认知共情和日常创造力水平。研究2使用交叉滞后面板模型（CLPM）来检查纵向行为数据（n = 653在T1， n = 413在T2），以确定认知共情如何预测日常创造力。结果：研究1发现，认知共情与日常创造力和特定领域的创造行为呈显著正相关，而情感共情与日常创造力和特定领域的创造行为呈显著正相关。研究2还报道了认知共情、整体创造性成就和特定领域创造性成就之间的正相关关系。认知同理心与更多地参与日常创造力有关。结论：据我们所知，这些研究首次通过不同的样本、测量和纵向数据证明了认知共情与日常创造力之间的密切关系，为认知共情与创造性成就之间的微妙关系提供了证据。未来的研究应该探索创造力或移情如何促进移情/创造性发展。

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引用次数: 0

Can an Algorithm Tell How Spiritual You Are? Using Generative Pretrained Transformers for Sophisticated Forms of Text Analysis 算法能告诉你有多虔诚吗？使用生成式预训练转换器进行复杂形式的文本分析。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13006

Michael Prinzing, Elizabeth Bounds, Karen Melton, Perry Glanzer, Barbara Fredrickson, Sarah Schnitker

Objective

Text analysis is a form of psychological assessment that involves converting qualitative information (text) into quantitative data. We tested whether automated text analysis using Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs) can match the “gold standard” of manual text analysis, even when assessing a highly nuanced construct like spirituality.

Method

In Study 1, N = 2199 US undergraduates wrote about their goals (N = 6597 texts) and completed self-reports of spirituality and theoretically related constructs (religiousness and mental health). In Study 2, N = 357 community adults wrote short essays (N = 714 texts) and completed trait self-reports, 5 weeks of daily diaries, and behavioral measures of spirituality. Trained research assistants and GPTs then coded the texts for spirituality.

Results

The GPTs performed just as well as human raters. Human- and GPT-generated scores were remarkably consistent and showed equivalent associations with other measures of spirituality and theoretically related constructs.

Conclusions

GPTs can match the gold standard set by human raters, even in sophisticated forms of text analysis, but require a fraction of the time and labor.

目的：文本分析是一种将定性信息（文本）转化为定量数据的心理评估形式。我们测试了使用生成预训练变形器（GPTs）的自动文本分析是否可以匹配手动文本分析的“黄金标准”，即使在评估灵性等高度微妙的结构时也是如此。方法：在研究1中，N = 2199名美国大学生写下了他们的目标（N = 6597篇文章），并完成了灵性和理论相关构念（宗教性和心理健康）的自我报告。在研究2中，N = 357名社区成年人写了短文（N = 714篇文本），并完成了特质自我报告、5周的每日日记和精神行为测量。训练有素的研究助理和gpt然后编码灵性文本。结果：gpt的表现与人类评分者一样好。人类和gpt生成的分数非常一致，并与其他灵性测量和理论相关结构显示出相同的关联。结论：即使在复杂的文本分析形式中，gpt也可以与人类评分者设定的黄金标准相匹配，但只需要一小部分时间和人力。

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引用次数: 0

Correlates of Borderline Personality Disorder Traits and Internet Gaming Disorder in College Students 大学生边缘型人格障碍特征与网络游戏障碍的相关研究。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13003

Aidan F. Sevintuna, Marina A. Bornovalova, Kristen Salomon

Objective

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently co-occurs with addictive behaviors. One such behavior that is increasing, especially among college students, is pathological gaming. However, to the best of our knowledge, no prior research has been conducted on BPD in relation to internet gaming disorder (IGD), despite the two sharing correlates such as negative emotionality and impulsivity. We therefore explored the relationship between BPD traits and IGD.

Method

We sampled a large (N = 407) sample of college students using two non-overlapping measures of BPD traits. We additionally examined the unique relationship of BPD traits with specific motivations for internet game playing and the perceived positive and negative impacts of internet games.

Results

On a bivariate level, BPD traits were associated with IGD, motivations to play internet games, especially for reasons of escapism or coping, and self-reported negative impact of gaming on participants' lives. However, the associations with IGD for escapism/coping motivations did not remain after controlling for demographics, and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Instead, only depression uniquely predicted IGD and various motives for internet gaming.

Conclusion

The results highlight the robust predictive power of negative effect on IGD, and it is suggested that future studies may benefit from continuing to focus on this relationship.

目的：边缘型人格障碍（BPD）经常与成瘾行为并发。病态游戏就是其中一种日益增多的行为，尤其是在大学生中。然而，据我们所知，尽管边缘型人格障碍与网络游戏障碍（IGD）有着共同的相关性，如负面情绪性和冲动性，但目前还没有关于边缘型人格障碍与网络游戏障碍关系的研究。因此，我们探讨了 BPD 特质与 IGD 之间的关系：方法：我们使用两种不重叠的 BPD 特质测量方法对大量（N = 407）大学生样本进行了抽样调查。此外，我们还研究了BPD特质与玩网络游戏的特定动机以及网络游戏的积极和消极影响之间的独特关系：结果：在双变量水平上，BPD 特质与 IGD、玩网络游戏的动机（尤其是出于逃避或应对的原因）以及游戏对参与者生活的自我报告负面影响相关。然而，在控制了人口统计学、内化和外化心理病理学之后，逃避/应对动机与 IGD 的相关性并没有保持不变。相反，只有抑郁症能独特地预测 IGD 和各种网络游戏动机：研究结果凸显了消极影响对 IGD 的强大预测力，建议今后的研究继续关注这一关系。

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引用次数: 0