Xue Gong, Jiamin Zheng, Jianhua Zhou, E. Scott Huebner, Lili Tian
Objective
The study used both person-centered (i.e., parallel process latent class growth modeling) and variable-centered (i.e., random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling) approaches to examine developmental changes in global and domain-specific self-esteem from middle childhood to early adolescence.
Method
A total of 715 Chinese youth participated (54.3% boys; 45.7% girls; Mage = 9.96; SD = 0.51) in a 6-wave longitudinal study with 6-month intervals.
Results
Parallel process latent class growth modeling identified three co-developmental trajectories of global and domain-specific self-esteem: Congruent high increasing and then flattening global and domain-specific self-esteem, congruent moderate domain-specific self-esteem with convex global self-esteem, and congruent low with concave appearance and global self-esteem. Results from random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling found reciprocal within-person associations between academic self-esteem and global self-esteem; global self-esteem significantly predicted social self-esteem, while physical appearance self-esteem significantly predicted global self-esteem.
Conclusion
Evidence was provided for top-down and bottom-up effects of self-esteem among Chinese youth. The findings provided new insight into the development of self-esteem in youth.
{"title":"Global and domain-specific self-esteem from middle childhood to early adolescence: Co-developmental trajectories and directional relations","authors":"Xue Gong, Jiamin Zheng, Jianhua Zhou, E. Scott Huebner, Lili Tian","doi":"10.1111/jopy.12894","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.12894","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study used both person-centered (i.e., parallel process latent class growth modeling) and variable-centered (i.e., random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling) approaches to examine developmental changes in global and domain-specific self-esteem from middle childhood to early adolescence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 715 Chinese youth participated (54.3% boys; 45.7% girls; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 9.96; SD = 0.51) in a 6-wave longitudinal study with 6-month intervals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parallel process latent class growth modeling identified three co-developmental trajectories of global and domain-specific self-esteem: <i>Congruent high increasing and then flattening global and domain-specific self-esteem</i>, <i>congruent moderate domain-specific self-esteem with convex global self-esteem</i>, and <i>congruent low with concave appearance and global self-esteem</i>. Results from random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling found reciprocal within-person associations between academic self-esteem and global self-esteem; global self-esteem significantly predicted social self-esteem, while physical appearance self-esteem significantly predicted global self-esteem.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence was provided for top-down and bottom-up effects of self-esteem among Chinese youth. The findings provided new insight into the development of self-esteem in youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mirjam Stieger, Christoph Flückiger, Mathias Allemand
Objective
Recent research suggests that personality traits can be changed by psychological interventions. However, it is unclear whether these intended personality changes can be maintained or merely reflect ephemeral shifts.
Method
The present study reports 1-year follow-up effects of a 3-month digital intervention for personality trait change. Personality traits were measured before the intervention (pretest: N = 1523), directly after the intervention (posttest: n = 554), and 3 months (follow-up 1: n = 437) and 1 year (follow-up 2: n = 157) after the end of the intervention.
Results
Attrition analyses suggest that participants who completed the 1-year follow-up were significantly more open to experience (d = 0.19), less neurotic (d = 0.20), more agreeable (d = 0.35) and more conscientious (d = 0.27) than participants who did not complete the 1-year follow-up. Also, until the 1-year follow-up, personality trait changes achieved remained stable (for those who wanted to increase in extraversion and conscientiousness) or even changed further in the desired direction (for those who wanted to decrease in neuroticism).
Conclusion
These results suggest that changes in personality traits due to a targeted intervention are not just ephemeral shifts and can even continue.
{"title":"One year later: Longer-term maintenance effects of a digital intervention to change personality traits","authors":"Mirjam Stieger, Christoph Flückiger, Mathias Allemand","doi":"10.1111/jopy.12898","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.12898","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent research suggests that personality traits can be changed by psychological interventions. However, it is unclear whether these intended personality changes can be maintained or merely reflect ephemeral shifts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study reports 1-year follow-up effects of a 3-month digital intervention for personality trait change. Personality traits were measured before the intervention (pretest: <i>N</i> = 1523), directly after the intervention (posttest: <i>n</i> = 554), and 3 months (follow-up 1: <i>n</i> = 437) and 1 year (follow-up 2: <i>n</i> = 157) after the end of the intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Attrition analyses suggest that participants who completed the 1-year follow-up were significantly more open to experience (<i>d</i> = 0.19), less neurotic (<i>d</i> = 0.20), more agreeable (<i>d</i> = 0.35) and more conscientious (<i>d</i> = 0.27) than participants who did not complete the 1-year follow-up. Also, until the 1-year follow-up, personality trait changes achieved remained stable (for those who wanted to increase in extraversion and conscientiousness) or even changed further in the desired direction (for those who wanted to decrease in neuroticism).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that changes in personality traits due to a targeted intervention are not just ephemeral shifts and can even continue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erika N. Carlson, Norhan Elsaadawy, Victoria Pringle, Richard Rau
Objective
People differ in how positively they tend to see others' traits, but people might also differ in how strongly they apply their perceptual styles. In two studies (Ns = 355, 303), the current research explores individual differences in how variable people's first impressions are across targets (i.e., within-person variability), how and why these differences emerge, and who varies more in their judgments of others.
Method
Participants described themselves on personality measures and rated 30 (Study 1) or 90 (Study 2) targets on Big Five traits.
Results
Using the extended Social Relations Model (eSRM), results suggest that within-person variability in impressions is consistent across trait ratings. People lower in extraversion, narcissism and self-esteem tended to make distinctions across targets' Big Five traits that were more consistent with other perceivers (sensitivity). Furthermore, some people more than others tended to consistently make unique distinctions among targets (differentiation), and preliminary evidence suggests these people might be higher in social anxiety and lower in self-esteem and emotional stability.
Conclusion
Overall then, a more complete account of person perception should consider individual differences in how variable people's impressions are of others.
{"title":"Individual differences in dissimilation: Do some people make more distinctions among targets' personalities than others?","authors":"Erika N. Carlson, Norhan Elsaadawy, Victoria Pringle, Richard Rau","doi":"10.1111/jopy.12893","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.12893","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People differ in how positively they tend to see others' traits, but people might also differ in how strongly they apply their perceptual styles. In two studies (<i>Ns</i> = 355, 303), the current research explores individual differences in how variable people's first impressions are across targets (i.e., within-person variability), how and why these differences emerge, and who varies more in their judgments of others.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants described themselves on personality measures and rated 30 (Study 1) or 90 (Study 2) targets on Big Five traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using the extended Social Relations Model (eSRM), results suggest that within-person variability in impressions is consistent across trait ratings. People lower in extraversion, narcissism and self-esteem tended to make distinctions across targets' Big Five traits that were more consistent with other perceivers (sensitivity). Furthermore, some people more than others tended to consistently make unique distinctions among targets (differentiation), and preliminary evidence suggests these people might be higher in social anxiety and lower in self-esteem and emotional stability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall then, a more complete account of person perception should consider individual differences in how variable people's impressions are of others.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jopy.12893","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miriam J. Hofmann, Andreas Mokros, Sabrina Schneider
Objective
Psychopathic traits are associated with abnormalities in fear processing. While traditional theories focus on a lack of fear, Hosker-Field et al. (2016) provided a new perspective. They suggested that individuals with elevated psychopathic traits may experience threatening situations with appreciation or positivity, resulting in reduced negative fear responses and heightened positive responses (fear enjoyment hypothesis, FEH).
Method
Our study aimed to refine Hosker-Field et al.'s (2016) study design, addressing methodological limitations and improving the inconsistent operationalization of fear experience in the literature. In an online sample of 353 participants from the general population, we examined the relationship between the FEH and relevant psychopathic traits, specifically those derived from the PCL-R framework (i.e., SRP 4 Factor 1), and from a more trait-based approach to psychopathy with assumed links to fearlessness (i.e., TriPM Boldness).
Results
By employing linear mixed effect models, we extended Hosker-Field et al.'s correlational analysis and provided further evidence for the FEH, particularly in relation to psychopathic traits measured using the PCL-R framework. The results regarding Boldness, however, are somewhat inconclusive.
Conclusion
The present study enhances existing research on fear deficits in psychopathy by assessing the subjective experience of individuals facing threat.
{"title":"The joy of being frightened: Fear experience in psychopathy","authors":"Miriam J. Hofmann, Andreas Mokros, Sabrina Schneider","doi":"10.1111/jopy.12890","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.12890","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychopathic traits are associated with abnormalities in fear processing. While traditional theories focus on a lack of fear, Hosker-Field et al. (2016) provided a new perspective. They suggested that individuals with elevated psychopathic traits may experience threatening situations with appreciation or positivity, resulting in reduced negative fear responses <i>and</i> heightened positive responses (<i>fear enjoyment hypothesis</i>, FEH).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study aimed to refine Hosker-Field et al.'s (2016) study design, addressing methodological limitations and improving the inconsistent operationalization of fear <i>experience</i> in the literature. In an online sample of 353 participants from the general population, we examined the relationship between the FEH and relevant psychopathic traits, specifically those derived from the PCL-R framework (i.e., SRP 4 Factor 1), and from a more trait-based approach to psychopathy with assumed links to fearlessness (i.e., TriPM Boldness).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By employing linear mixed effect models, we extended Hosker-Field et al.'s correlational analysis and provided further evidence for the FEH, particularly in relation to psychopathic traits measured using the PCL-R framework. The results regarding Boldness, however, are somewhat inconclusive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study enhances existing research on fear deficits in psychopathy by assessing the subjective experience of individuals facing threat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jopy.12890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aims to assess, for the first time, whether vaccination is predicted by different behavioral and cognitive aspects of moral decision-making.
Background
Studies linking moral factors to vaccination have largely examined whether vaccination decisions can be explained by individual differences in the endorsement of various principles and norms central to deontology-based arguments in vaccination ethics. However, these studies have overlooked whether individuals prioritize norms over other considerations when making decisions, such as maximizing consequences (utilitarianism).
Method
In a sample of 1492 participants, the current study assessed whether vaccination is explained by individual differences in three aspects of moral decision-making (consequence sensitivity, norm sensitivity, and action tendency), while also considering ethics position (idealism, relativism) and moral identity.
Results
Supportive vaccination (vaccine uptake accompanied by a positive attitude toward vaccines) was associated with utilitarianism (increased consequence sensitivity) and increased tolerance to risks and harm toward others. Meanwhile, although those in the non-vaccinated group was associated with higher harm sensitivities, they neither supported nor received the COVID vaccines (when vaccines prevent harm from infection).
Conclusion
Pro-vaccination messages may be made more effective by addressing perceptions of harms associated with vaccines and infections, respectively.
{"title":"Moral characteristics predicting COVID-19 vaccination","authors":"Zher-Wen, Shanshan Zhen, Rongjun Yu","doi":"10.1111/jopy.12892","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.12892","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study aims to assess, for the first time, whether vaccination is predicted by different behavioral and cognitive aspects of moral decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies linking moral factors to vaccination have largely examined whether vaccination decisions can be explained by individual differences in the endorsement of various principles and norms central to deontology-based arguments in vaccination ethics. However, these studies have overlooked whether individuals prioritize norms over other considerations when making decisions, such as maximizing consequences (utilitarianism).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a sample of 1492 participants, the current study assessed whether vaccination is explained by individual differences in three aspects of moral decision-making (consequence sensitivity, norm sensitivity, and action tendency), while also considering ethics position (idealism, relativism) and moral identity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Supportive vaccination (vaccine uptake accompanied by a positive attitude toward vaccines) was associated with utilitarianism (increased consequence sensitivity) and increased tolerance to risks and harm toward others. Meanwhile, although those in the non-vaccinated group was associated with higher harm sensitivities, they neither supported nor received the COVID vaccines (when vaccines prevent harm from infection).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pro-vaccination messages may be made more effective by addressing perceptions of harms associated with vaccines and infections, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jopy.12892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rumination has mostly been studied in relation to depression, however, it may also occur in response to positive emotions (i.e., positive rumination) and therefore may be a protective factor related to the maintenance of positive mood.
Objective
We hypothesized that daily positive and negative affect would be associated with daily positive and negative rumination even after controlling for trait-level rumination.
Method
We carried out a diary study with university students (n = 178), where participants had to answer short surveys online about their daily affect and daily rumination every evening for 10 days. We analyzed our data with multilevel regression in R.
Results
Daily positive and negative affect were significantly associated with daily negative and positive rumination, while trait-level rumination scores were not. Daily and trait-level rumination were moderately correlated (r = 0.333–0.440).
Conclusions
Our findings highlight that daily rumination plays a more significant role in daily emotional experiences than trait rumination across positive and negative valence domains. Daily negative affect appears to be more closely related to higher daily negative rumination than the lack of daily positive rumination, which could be relevant for intervention strategies.
{"title":"Associations between daily affective experiences, trait and daily rumination on negative and positive affect: a diary study","authors":"Lilla Nóra Kovács, Natália Kocsel, Zsófia Tóth, Tamás Smahajcsik-Szabó, Szilvia Karsai, Gyöngyi Kökönyei","doi":"10.1111/jopy.12897","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.12897","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rumination has mostly been studied in relation to depression, however, it may also occur in response to positive emotions (i.e., positive rumination) and therefore may be a protective factor related to the maintenance of positive mood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We hypothesized that daily positive and negative affect would be associated with daily positive and negative rumination even after controlling for trait-level rumination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We carried out a diary study with university students (<i>n</i> = 178), where participants had to answer short surveys online about their daily affect and daily rumination every evening for 10 days. We analyzed our data with multilevel regression in <i>R</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Daily positive and negative affect were significantly associated with daily negative and positive rumination, while trait-level rumination scores were not. Daily and trait-level rumination were moderately correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.333–0.440).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight that daily rumination plays a more significant role in daily emotional experiences than trait rumination across positive and negative valence domains. Daily negative affect appears to be more closely related to higher daily negative rumination than the lack of daily positive rumination, which could be relevant for intervention strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jopy.12897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54231599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examined whether insecurely attached individuals exhibit an attention bias to emotional information, and further tested the potential moderating role of stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, and attention stage.
Background
Attachment style can predict people's attention to emotional information. However, the empirical findings are inconsistent, making it difficult to determine the associations between attachment style and attention bias to emotional information.
Method
We included 68 studies (N = 5417) across 46 published and unpublished articles (the initial pool was 627 articles) in the meta-analysis.
Results
People high on attachment avoidance exhibited decreased attention toward emotional stimuli (d = −0.129, p = 0.020), which was not affected by stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, or attention stage. Conversely, people high on attachment anxiety exhibited increased attention toward emotional stimuli, especially under stress, if the information was attachment-related, and during late-stage attentional processing. They exhibited an early bias away from and a late bias toward emotional information, which was intensified under stress.
Conclusion
Our findings support the proposition that people high on attachment avoidance use deactivating strategies in attentional processing; whereas people high on attachment anxiety use hyperactivating strategies, especially when resources are limited (under stress). When resources are available, and it is relatively early in the process, people high on attachment anxiety respond similarly to those high on attachment avoidance.
目的：我们研究了不安全依恋个体是否对情绪信息表现出注意偏见，并进一步测试了压力、信息效价、信息依恋相关性和注意力阶段的潜在调节作用。背景：依恋风格可以预测人们对情感信息的关注程度。然而，实证结果并不一致，这使得很难确定依恋风格和对情绪信息的注意力偏见之间的联系。方法：我们纳入了68项研究（N = 5417篇），在荟萃分析中的46篇已发表和未发表的文章中（最初的文献库为627篇）。结果：高度回避依恋的人对情绪刺激的关注度降低（d = -0.129， p = 0.020），不受压力、信息效价、信息依恋相关性或注意力阶段的影响。相反，高度依恋焦虑的人对情绪刺激表现出更强的注意力，尤其是在压力下，如果信息与依恋有关，以及在后期注意力处理过程中。他们表现出对情绪信息的早期偏见和后期偏见，这种偏见在压力下会加剧。结论：我们的研究结果支持这样一个命题，即高度依恋回避的人在注意处理中使用去激活策略；而高度依恋焦虑的人则使用过度激活策略，尤其是在资源有限的情况下（在压力下）。当资源可用时，而且这一过程相对较早，依恋焦虑程度高的人的反应与依恋回避程度高的人群相似。
{"title":"Attachment style and attention bias to emotional information: The moderating effect of stress, stimulus characteristics, and attention stage","authors":"Xinyuan Peng, Omri Gillath, Mengjie Jiang, Beiyi Wang, Jianxin Zhang, Lili Wu","doi":"10.1111/jopy.12891","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.12891","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined whether insecurely attached individuals exhibit an attention bias to emotional information, and further tested the potential moderating role of stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, and attention stage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Attachment style can predict people's attention to emotional information. However, the empirical findings are inconsistent, making it difficult to determine the associations between attachment style and attention bias to emotional information.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 68 studies (<i>N</i> = 5417) across 46 published and unpublished articles (the initial pool was 627 articles) in the meta-analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People high on attachment avoidance exhibited decreased attention toward emotional stimuli (<i>d</i> = −0.129, <i>p</i> = 0.020), which was not affected by stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, or attention stage. Conversely, people high on attachment anxiety exhibited increased attention toward emotional stimuli, especially under stress, if the information was attachment-related, and during late-stage attentional processing. They exhibited an early bias away from and a late bias toward emotional information, which was intensified under stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings support the proposition that people high on attachment avoidance use deactivating strategies in attentional processing; whereas people high on attachment anxiety use hyperactivating strategies, especially when resources are limited (under stress). When resources are available, and it is relatively early in the process, people high on attachment anxiety respond similarly to those high on attachment avoidance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49693207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We aimed to investigate value change and stability longitudinally in middle childhood.
Background
Values are the aspect of personality defining one's aspirations. Research identifies meaningful values in middle childhood, yet we know little about the process of their development within individual.
Method
Children (N = 298; 53.7% girls, Mage = 7 years and 3 months, SD = 7.70 months, at the first time point) four times, annually.
Results
Rank-order stability increased with age and decreased with time-span. We found value hierarchy consistency, with value hierarchy similar to adolescents in the priority given to openness to change versus conservation values, and to adults in the priority given to self-transcendence values. Latent growth curve analyses indicated linear increase in openness to change, and curvilinear increase in self-transcendence values, and linear decrease in conservation and self-enhancement values, with some differences across ages. Value structure was better differentiated with age. Compatible values changed in similar, and conflicting values in opposite directions.
Conclusions
This paper suggests that in middle childhood, children can already report stable values. Moreover, middle childhood is characterized by coherent change patterns, of increase in the importance of growth, and decrease in the focus on conflicting protection values.
{"title":"Middle childhood development in personal values","authors":"Ella Daniel, Kinneret Misgav, Anat Chomsky","doi":"10.1111/jopy.12888","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.12888","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to investigate value change and stability longitudinally in middle childhood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Values are the aspect of personality defining one's aspirations. Research identifies meaningful values in middle childhood, yet we know little about the process of their development within individual.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children (<i>N</i> = 298; 53.7% girls, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 7 years and 3 months, <i>SD</i> = 7.70 months, at the first time point) four times, annually.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rank-order stability increased with age and decreased with time-span. We found value hierarchy consistency, with value hierarchy similar to adolescents in the priority given to openness to change versus conservation values, and to adults in the priority given to self-transcendence values. Latent growth curve analyses indicated linear increase in openness to change, and curvilinear increase in self-transcendence values, and linear decrease in conservation and self-enhancement values, with some differences across ages. Value structure was better differentiated with age. Compatible values changed in similar, and conflicting values in opposite directions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper suggests that in middle childhood, children can already report stable values. Moreover, middle childhood is characterized by coherent change patterns, of increase in the importance of growth, and decrease in the focus on conflicting protection values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jopy.12888","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41120830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiqun Wu, Jingyi Xu, Yishan Shen, Yijie Wang, Yao Zheng
Objectives
Having higher levels of mainstream cultural orientation (MCO), an important component of acculturation attitudes and behaviors, is beneficial for ethnic/racial minority students during the transitions into university. Scant research has investigated MCO at a micro daily timescale. This study examined how personality (agreeableness) functions in conjunction with interpersonal processes (inter-ethnic contact and perceived discrimination) to influence MCO as daily within-person processes.
Methods
Multi-level structural equation modeling were used to analyze month-long daily diary data from 209 ethnic/racial minority freshmen (69% female).
Results
There was a positive indirect association between agreeableness and MCO through inter-ethnic contact at both within- and between-person levels. At the within-person level, on days with lower (vs. higher) levels of ethnic/racial discrimination, higher levels of agreeableness were associated with higher levels of MCO.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the contributions of intensive longitudinal data in elucidating ethnic/racial minority students' personality and acculturation processes in daily life involving protective and risk factors on micro timescales.
{"title":"Daily agreeableness and acculturation processes in ethnic/racial minority freshmen: The role of inter-ethnic contact and perceived discrimination","authors":"Yiqun Wu, Jingyi Xu, Yishan Shen, Yijie Wang, Yao Zheng","doi":"10.1111/jopy.12889","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.12889","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Having higher levels of mainstream cultural orientation (MCO), an important component of acculturation attitudes and behaviors, is beneficial for ethnic/racial minority students during the transitions into university. Scant research has investigated MCO at a micro daily timescale. This study examined how personality (agreeableness) functions in conjunction with interpersonal processes (inter-ethnic contact and perceived discrimination) to influence MCO as daily within-person processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multi-level structural equation modeling were used to analyze month-long daily diary data from 209 ethnic/racial minority freshmen (69% female).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a positive indirect association between agreeableness and MCO through inter-ethnic contact at both within- and between-person levels. At the within-person level, on days with lower (vs. higher) levels of ethnic/racial discrimination, higher levels of agreeableness were associated with higher levels of MCO.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the contributions of intensive longitudinal data in elucidating ethnic/racial minority students' personality and acculturation processes in daily life involving protective and risk factors on micro timescales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jopy.12889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41170622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study provides insights into the perceptual processes contributing to positive social experiences and momentary self-esteem in adolescents' initial social interactions.
Background
A person's self-esteem is shaped by their social experiences. However, little is known about which interpersonal perceptions are linked to momentary self-esteem within social interactions. Identifying two key interpersonal perceptions, we examined differential associations between an individual's meta-liking and other-perceptions of liking by interaction partners with momentary self-esteem. Further, we investigated how preceding personality metaperceptions (i.e., meta-accuracy and meta-positivity) extended these sociometer processes.
Method
The current study used round-robin data from N = 296 adolescents participating in a virtual group interaction. Social accuracy modeling was used to estimate meta-accuracy and meta-positivity of personality metaperceptions, and path models were used to test associations with interpersonal perceptions of liking and momentary self-esteem.
Results
Two main findings emerged: First, meta-liking was consistently related to higher momentary self-esteem, whereas other-perceptions of liking were not. Second, meta-positivity of personality metaperceptions was linked to higher meta-liking and indirectly contributed to higher momentary self-esteem through meta-liking.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the importance of considering different interpersonal perceptions to understand social interaction experiences.
{"title":"Routes to momentary self-esteem in adolescence: Links with interpersonal perceptions of liking and personality metaperceptions within social interactions","authors":"Eva Bleckmann, Steffen Nestler, Jenny Wagner","doi":"10.1111/jopy.12883","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.12883","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides insights into the perceptual processes contributing to positive social experiences and momentary self-esteem in adolescents' initial social interactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A person's self-esteem is shaped by their social experiences. However, little is known about which interpersonal perceptions are linked to momentary self-esteem within social interactions. Identifying two key interpersonal perceptions, we examined differential associations between an individual's meta-liking and other-perceptions of liking by interaction partners with momentary self-esteem. Further, we investigated how preceding personality metaperceptions (i.e., meta-accuracy and meta-positivity) extended these sociometer processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study used round-robin data from <i>N</i> = 296 adolescents participating in a virtual group interaction. Social accuracy modeling was used to estimate meta-accuracy and meta-positivity of personality metaperceptions, and path models were used to test associations with interpersonal perceptions of liking and momentary self-esteem.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two main findings emerged: First, meta-liking was consistently related to higher momentary self-esteem, whereas other-perceptions of liking were not. Second, meta-positivity of personality metaperceptions was linked to higher meta-liking and indirectly contributed to higher momentary self-esteem through meta-liking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the importance of considering different interpersonal perceptions to understand social interaction experiences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jopy.12883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号