This study examines the impact of trade agreements and their specific provisions on the sustainability of marine fisheries resources. Using global data on the Mean Trophic Level (MTL) between 1950 and 2018 and a comprehensive dataset of environmental provisions from trade agreements signed between 1947 and 2018, we estimate the impact on the MTL of signing (i) a free trade agreement and (ii) a free trade agreement including fishery-related provisions. To address potential endogeneity problems associated with fisheries-related provisions, we use a difference-in-differences (DID) propensity score matching method. Our results show that while trade agreements tend to negatively impact the MTL, including fisheries-related provisions offsets this negative impact among signatory countries. By examining the potential mechanisms underlying this result, we are able to temper the optimistic findings in the existing literature on the beneficial environmental outcomes of environmental provisions. Our findings suggest that these provisions do not foster the adoption of more effective resource management practices. Instead, they appear to reduce trade opportunities, which is contrary to the objective of trade creation in trade agreements.
{"title":"Trade agreements and sustainable fisheries","authors":"Basak Bayramoglu , Estelle Gozlan , Clément Nedoncelle , Thibaut Tarabbia","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of trade agreements and their specific provisions on the sustainability of marine fisheries resources. Using global data on the Mean Trophic Level (MTL) between 1950 and 2018 and a comprehensive dataset of environmental provisions from trade agreements signed between 1947 and 2018, we estimate the impact on the MTL of signing (i) a free trade agreement and (ii) a free trade agreement including fishery-related provisions. To address potential endogeneity problems associated with fisheries-related provisions, we use a difference-in-differences (DID) propensity score matching method. Our results show that while trade agreements tend to negatively impact the MTL, including fisheries-related provisions offsets this negative impact among signatory countries. By examining the potential mechanisms underlying this result, we are able to temper the optimistic findings in the existing literature on the beneficial environmental outcomes of environmental provisions. Our findings suggest that these provisions do not foster the adoption of more effective resource management practices. Instead, they appear to reduce trade opportunities, which is contrary to the objective of trade creation in trade agreements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 107236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107278
Afrizal , Eka Vydia Putra , Linda Elida
Expanding palm oil cultivation in Indonesia has led to significant conflicts between local communities and palm oil companies. Research indicates that these communities often rely on local governments to resolve the disputes. However, there is currently a lack of studies exploring the effectiveness of local governments in this context. This research gap highlights the importance of the present study, which aims to investigate this pressing issue by employing conflict analysis, procedural justice frameworks, and mixed methods. This article addresses how effectively local governments resolve conflicts between local communities and palm oil companies, focusing on district governments in West Sumatera, Indonesia. The findings suggest that the performance of local governments in resolving these conflicts is inadequate due to their relative inaccessibility and weak process. To achieve sustainable outcomes, there is a pressing need for fair and equitable approaches that prioritize community rights.
{"title":"Poor performance of west Sumatran governments in resolving palm oil conflicts: a procedural justice perspective","authors":"Afrizal , Eka Vydia Putra , Linda Elida","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Expanding palm oil cultivation in Indonesia has led to significant conflicts between local communities and palm oil companies. Research indicates that these communities often rely on local governments to resolve the disputes. However, there is currently a lack of studies exploring the effectiveness of local governments in this context. This research gap highlights the importance of the present study, which aims to investigate this pressing issue by employing conflict analysis, procedural justice frameworks, and mixed methods. This article addresses how effectively local governments resolve conflicts between local communities and palm oil companies, focusing on district governments in West Sumatera, Indonesia. The findings suggest that the performance of local governments in resolving these conflicts is inadequate due to their relative inaccessibility and weak process. To achieve sustainable outcomes, there is a pressing need for fair and equitable approaches that prioritize community rights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 107278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107286
Chowdhury Abdullah-Al-Baki , Ali Ahmed
Using the 1991 cyclone in Bangladesh as a natural experiment, this paper examines the long-term educational impacts of early-life disaster exposure. We employ a differences-in-differences approach with data from the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to compare educational outcomes between disaster-affected and unaffected districts across birth cohorts with varying exposure timing. The results reveal substantial and persistent negative effects of early-life cyclone exposure on educational attainment. Children exposed during critical early developmental periods (ages 0–3) experience approximately one year reduction in completed schooling, with secondary completion falling by 12–19 percentage points and higher secondary completion by 10–17 percentage points. Mechanism analysis reveals economic hardship as the primary transmission channel, operating through household budget constraints that force reductions in educational investment. Infrastructure damage creates additional barriers through reduced access, while maternal psychological stress extends impacts to post-disaster birth cohorts. Disaster impacts exacerbate existing inequalities: girls experience roughly double the educational losses of boys, while rural populations face consistently larger impacts. The concentration of effects at secondary and higher secondary education levels suggests that disasters may perpetuate intergenerational poverty by blocking access to the formal labor market, where secondary education is often the minimum requirement. Robustness checks, including threats to identification and placebo tests, confirmed that these results reflected a genuine impact of the cyclone rather than coincidental patterns. These findings are urgent given projected increases in extreme weather frequency under climate change, providing strong justification for integrating disaster resilience into human capital development strategies in vulnerable developing countries.
{"title":"The long shadow of natural disasters: educational impacts of the 1991 cyclone in Bangladesh","authors":"Chowdhury Abdullah-Al-Baki , Ali Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using the 1991 cyclone in Bangladesh as a natural experiment, this paper examines the long-term educational impacts of early-life disaster exposure. We employ a differences-in-differences approach with data from the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to compare educational outcomes between disaster-affected and unaffected districts across birth cohorts with varying exposure timing. The results reveal substantial and persistent negative effects of early-life cyclone exposure on educational attainment. Children exposed during critical early developmental periods (ages 0–3) experience approximately one year reduction in completed schooling, with secondary completion falling by 12–19 percentage points and higher secondary completion by 10–17 percentage points. Mechanism analysis reveals economic hardship as the primary transmission channel, operating through household budget constraints that force reductions in educational investment. Infrastructure damage creates additional barriers through reduced access, while maternal psychological stress extends impacts to post-disaster birth cohorts. Disaster impacts exacerbate existing inequalities: girls experience roughly double the educational losses of boys, while rural populations face consistently larger impacts. The concentration of effects at secondary and higher secondary education levels suggests that disasters may perpetuate intergenerational poverty by blocking access to the formal labor market, where secondary education is often the minimum requirement. Robustness checks, including threats to identification and placebo tests, confirmed that these results reflected a genuine impact of the cyclone rather than coincidental patterns. These findings are urgent given projected increases in extreme weather frequency under climate change, providing strong justification for integrating disaster resilience into human capital development strategies in vulnerable developing countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 107286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107283
Desheng Wu , Yu Xie
Data monopolies erode a firm’s competitive vitality and threaten the sustainable growth of developing economies. Open government data (OGD) provides a crucial supplementary channel for firms to fairly access data resources. However, past work knows little about how OGD reshapes firm dynamics (firm entry and firm exit). To investigate this, we employ a difference-in-differences model on a comprehensive dataset of high-precision firm registry and OGD launch data. This method leverages the staggered adoption of OGD platforms across Chinese cities, allowing us to isolate the causal effect on firm dynamics. Our findings evidence that while OGD accelerates firm entry, it also triggers risks of firm exit and declining survival rates. Improving the public data support level, especially the quantity and scope of datasets, will effectively mitigate the adverse effects. In terms of data utilization, we emphasize that insufficient algorithmic reserve capacity will accelerate firm exit, while, conversely, entrepreneurship benefits from high reserves in algorithms and computing power. Moreover, we evidence that OGD’s impact on firm dynamics is related to firm scale, industry, and operational models. Grounded in dynamic capability theory, we reveal that digital talent reserves, productivity, and information friction costs are the underlying mechanisms of OGD’s impact on firm dynamics. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that OGD has promoted the allocation of digital talent in non-digital sectors, increased average wages, but at the cost of greater labor displacement. Our findings provide new insights for emerging economies to enhance market competitive vitality through developing public data, while also highlighting the risks of OGD in accelerating the exit of vulnerable firms and unemployment.
{"title":"Government data accessibility and firm dynamics: Encouraging entrepreneurship or accelerating exit?","authors":"Desheng Wu , Yu Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data monopolies erode a firm’s competitive vitality and threaten the sustainable growth of developing economies. Open government data (OGD) provides a crucial supplementary channel for firms to fairly access data resources. However, past work knows little about how OGD reshapes firm dynamics (firm entry and firm exit). To investigate this, we employ a difference-in-differences model on a comprehensive dataset of high-precision firm registry and OGD launch data. This method leverages the staggered adoption of OGD platforms across Chinese cities, allowing us to isolate the causal effect on firm dynamics. Our findings evidence that while OGD accelerates firm entry, it also triggers risks of firm exit and declining survival rates. Improving the public data support level, especially the quantity and scope of datasets, will effectively mitigate the adverse effects. In terms of data utilization, we emphasize that insufficient algorithmic reserve capacity will accelerate firm exit, while, conversely, entrepreneurship benefits from high reserves in algorithms and computing power. Moreover, we evidence that OGD’s impact on firm dynamics is related to firm scale, industry, and operational models. Grounded in dynamic capability theory, we reveal that digital talent reserves, productivity, and information friction costs are the underlying mechanisms of OGD’s impact on firm dynamics. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that OGD has promoted the allocation of digital talent in non-digital sectors, increased average wages, but at the cost of greater labor displacement. Our findings provide new insights for emerging economies to enhance market competitive vitality through developing public data, while also highlighting the risks of OGD in accelerating the exit of vulnerable firms and unemployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 107283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107263
Melanie Gräser , Christine Grimm , Roman Hoffmann
Hospitalization can be a highly stressful experience for children, potentially affecting their well-being and recovery. This study evaluates the impact of hospital clown visits on pediatric patients in Palestine. The health system of the country is severely challenged by the ongoing conflict and sociopolitical tensions which have major implications for the physical and mental health of children and obstruct patients’ access to healthcare services. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to estimate the effects of clown visits on caregiver-rated health outcomes: children’s well-being during hospitalization, subjective recovery, and perceptions of hospital quality. We find that clown visits had a statistically significant positive effect on children’s well-being with levels of well-being in the treatment group being 0.25 standard deviations higher than in the control group. The effect was stronger among children from higher socio-economic backgrounds and those with a favorable predisposition towards clowns. We found no significant effects on caregiver-rated subjective recovery or perceptions of hospital quality. Our findings suggest that low-cost, non-medical interventions can play a meaningful role in improving the hospital experience for children, particularly in fragile and conflict-affected settings.
{"title":"Humor for health: a randomized controlled trial of clown visits in Palestinian hospitals","authors":"Melanie Gräser , Christine Grimm , Roman Hoffmann","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hospitalization can be a highly stressful experience for children, potentially affecting their well-being and recovery. This study evaluates the impact of hospital clown visits on pediatric patients in Palestine. The health system of the country is severely challenged by the ongoing conflict and sociopolitical tensions which have major implications for the physical and mental health of children and obstruct patients’ access to healthcare services. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to estimate the effects of clown visits on caregiver-rated health outcomes: children’s well-being during hospitalization, subjective recovery, and perceptions of hospital quality. We find that clown visits had a statistically significant positive effect on children’s well-being with levels of well-being in the treatment group being 0.25 standard deviations higher than in the control group. The effect was stronger among children from higher socio-economic backgrounds and those with a favorable predisposition towards clowns. We found no significant effects on caregiver-rated subjective recovery or perceptions of hospital quality. Our findings suggest that low-cost, non-medical interventions can play a meaningful role in improving the hospital experience for children, particularly in fragile and conflict-affected settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 107263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107280
Bina Agarwal
Progress towards gender equality − economically, socially and politically − is a key measure of development, as well as a means of achieving it. This essay traces both the advances made (theoretical, empirical and in policy) in reducing gender inequality since the mid-1970s, when it was recognised internationally in development discourse, and the limits to that progress, given the persistence of gender inequality in most forms today. It is argued here that underlying visible measures of inequality, such as in women’s property ownership, labour market outcomes, and the governance of public institutions are hidden inequalities, embedded in biased social norms, social perceptions, and the social legitimacy of claims. Tackling these hidden barriers and their visible outcomes will require charting unconventional pathways, in particular shifting away from the dominant individualistic approaches to development to group approaches and collective action as necessary components for change.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AS EQUALITY: A gender lens on progress and its hidden barriers","authors":"Bina Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Progress towards gender equality − economically, socially and politically − is a key measure of development, as well as a means of achieving it. This essay traces both the advances made (theoretical, empirical and in policy) in reducing gender inequality since the mid-1970s, when it was recognised internationally in development discourse, and the limits to that progress, given the persistence of gender inequality in most forms today. It is argued here that underlying visible measures of inequality, such as in women’s property ownership, labour market outcomes, and the governance of public institutions are hidden inequalities, embedded in biased social norms, social perceptions, and the social legitimacy of claims. Tackling these hidden barriers and their visible outcomes will require charting unconventional pathways, in particular shifting away from the dominant individualistic approaches to development to group approaches and collective action as necessary components for change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 107280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107259
Nicola Banks , Badru Bukenya , Willem Elbers , Innocent Kamya , Emmanuel Kumi , Lau Schulpen , Gijs van Selm , Margit van Wessel , Thomas Yeboah
Power inequalities between Northern and Southern NGOs have historically plagued development cooperation. A growing momentum towards localisation, locally-led development, and shift the power is indicative of widespread efforts to respond to these inequalities. Drawing upon new survey data, we explore the nature of specific actions taken by a sample of NNGOs and SNGOs to address these power inequalities and analyse the extent to which these equalize power. We find that organisations in our sample are taking important steps toward reconfiguring traditional power dynamics and fostering more collaborative and accountable relationships between Northern and Southern actors. Yet a deeper analysis of these raises questions around whether actions are deep enough to rebalance or upturn unequal relationships and contribute to broader systems change. We find that innovations within the aid system are making incremental improvements without fundamentally shifting where decision-making power and financial power lie. Significant to scholars and practitioners alike, these findings underscore the need for more substantive and systemic changes to achieve genuine equity in development cooperation.
{"title":"Power and its discontents: The long road to systemic change in the aid sector","authors":"Nicola Banks , Badru Bukenya , Willem Elbers , Innocent Kamya , Emmanuel Kumi , Lau Schulpen , Gijs van Selm , Margit van Wessel , Thomas Yeboah","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Power inequalities between Northern and Southern NGOs have historically plagued development cooperation. A growing momentum towards localisation, locally-led development, and shift the power is indicative of widespread efforts to respond to these inequalities. Drawing upon new survey data, we explore the nature of specific actions taken by a sample of NNGOs and SNGOs to address these power inequalities and analyse the extent to which these equalize power. We find that organisations in our sample are taking important steps toward reconfiguring traditional power dynamics and fostering more collaborative and accountable relationships between Northern and Southern actors. Yet a deeper analysis of these raises questions around whether actions are deep enough to rebalance or upturn unequal relationships and contribute to broader systems change. We find that innovations within the aid system are making incremental improvements without fundamentally shifting where decision-making power and financial power lie. Significant to scholars and practitioners alike, these findings underscore the need for more substantive and systemic changes to achieve genuine equity in development cooperation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 107259"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107217
Don S. Lee , Fernando Casal Bértoa
Constitutional regime types matter for democratic consolidation. However, how these institutional factors shape party system development has been rarely studied. Applying Casal Bértoa and Enyedi (2016, 2021) conceptualization and operationalization of party system institutionalization (PSI) – party system closure – as consequences, and using a mixed-methods approach, we provide the mechanisms of why institutional characteristics denoting presidential regimes have a detrimental impact on PSI. Our analysis of an original dataset of all Asian party systems, which spans more than 70 years from the aftermath of the World War II to the end of 2020, shows that (1) direct presidential elections, compared to regimes with no such elections, (2) presidentialism vis-à-vis parliamentary and semi-presidential regimes, and (3) a cabinet’s collective responsibility to the president, as opposed to such responsibility solely to the legislature, all have statistically significant and negative effects on PSI. Our case-study of Indonesia, which changed from parliamentarism to presidentialism in 2004, confirms all these three points. Given the greater chance of the rise of populist outsiders in presidential and president-parliamentary semi-presidential regimes, our findings that party systems are more inchoate and parties may become weaker in properly playing a gatekeeping role in these regimes are particularly concerning.
宪政体制类型对民主巩固至关重要。然而，这些制度因素如何影响政党制度的发展却鲜有研究。运用Casal b rtoa和Enyedi（2016, 2021）对政党制度制度化（PSI）的概念化和操作化——政党制度关闭——作为结果，并使用混合方法，我们提供了代表总统制的制度特征对PSI产生有害影响的机制。我们对所有亚洲政党制度的原始数据集（从第二次世界大战后到2020年底的70多年）进行了分析，结果表明：(1)与没有这种选举的政权相比，总统直接选举；(2)总统制与-à-vis议会制和半总统制政权相比；(3)内阁对总统集体负责，而不是只对立法机关负责。对PSI均有显著的负向影响。我们对2004年从议会制转变为总统制的印度尼西亚的案例研究证实了以上三点。鉴于在总统制和总统-议会半总统制政权中民粹主义局外人崛起的可能性更大，我们的研究发现，政党制度更加不成熟，政党在这些政权中适当发挥把关作用可能会变得更弱，这尤其令人担忧。
{"title":"Does institutional design matter? Constitutional regime types and party system closure in Asia","authors":"Don S. Lee , Fernando Casal Bértoa","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constitutional regime types matter for democratic consolidation. However, how these institutional factors shape party system development has been rarely studied. Applying Casal Bértoa and Enyedi (2016, 2021) conceptualization and operationalization of party system institutionalization (PSI) – party system closure – as consequences, and using a mixed-methods approach, we provide the mechanisms of why institutional characteristics denoting presidential regimes have a detrimental impact on PSI. Our analysis of an original dataset of all Asian party systems, which spans more than 70 years from the aftermath of the World War II to the end of 2020, shows that (1) direct presidential elections, compared to regimes with no such elections, (2) presidentialism vis-à-vis parliamentary and semi-presidential regimes, and (3) a cabinet’s collective responsibility to the president, as opposed to such responsibility solely to the legislature, all have statistically significant and negative effects on PSI. Our case-study of Indonesia, which changed from parliamentarism to presidentialism in 2004, confirms all these three points. Given the greater chance of the rise of populist outsiders in presidential and president-parliamentary semi-presidential regimes, our findings that party systems are more inchoate and parties may become weaker in properly playing a gatekeeping role in these regimes are particularly concerning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 107217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107269
Taye T. Fisiha , John McPeak
This study evaluates the potential impact of adopting climate change adaptation practices on the welfare and child nutrition of farm households in Ethiopia. The study uses a balanced panel of household-level data from the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey of rural households conducted in 2013/2014 and again in 2015/2016. For household welfare, measures of real consumption expenditure per adult equivalent and a food shortage indicator are used. For child nutrition outcomes, weights for height and body mass index are considered. The potential selection bias introduced by including adoption decisions of climate change adaptation strategies and evaluating how these strategies impact household and child outcomes is addressed by applying a panel data multinomial endogenous switching regression model. The climate change adaptation practice sets considered are categorized as soil and water conservation (SW), crop rotation (CR), and improved inputs (IM), at times alone and also in various combinations. We present findings on what household characteristics make it more or less likely that households will adopt a particular adaptation practice set strategy. The results demonstrate that in many cases, adoption of climate change adaptation practices set is positively associated with improved household welfare and child nutrition outcomes. In addition we find that larger positive impacts are observed when farmers combine multiple complementary practice sets. Our findings imply that policies should encourage smallholder farmers to adopt multiple climate change adaptation practice sets to improve the status of households’ welfare and children’s nutrition.
{"title":"Impact of climate change adaptation on welfare and child nutrition of farm households in rural Ethiopia: A panel data analysis","authors":"Taye T. Fisiha , John McPeak","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the potential impact of adopting climate change adaptation practices on the welfare and child nutrition of farm households in Ethiopia. The study uses a balanced panel of household-level data from the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey of rural households conducted in 2013/2014 and again in 2015/2016. For household welfare, measures of real consumption expenditure per adult equivalent and a food shortage indicator are used. For child nutrition outcomes, weights for height and body mass index are considered. The potential selection bias introduced by including adoption decisions of climate change adaptation strategies and evaluating how these strategies impact household and child outcomes is addressed by applying a panel data multinomial endogenous switching regression model. The climate change adaptation practice sets considered are categorized as soil and water conservation (SW), crop rotation (CR), and improved inputs (IM), at times alone and also in various combinations. We present findings on what household characteristics make it more or less likely that households will adopt a particular adaptation practice set strategy. The results demonstrate that in many cases, adoption of climate change adaptation practices set is positively associated with improved household welfare and child nutrition outcomes. In addition we find that larger positive impacts are observed when farmers combine multiple complementary practice sets. Our findings imply that policies should encourage smallholder farmers to adopt multiple climate change adaptation practice sets to improve the status of households’ welfare and children’s nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 107269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107282
Lulu Pan , Eddie Chi-Man Hui , Jianfu Shen
Populism has surged globally amid increasing globalization and political polarization. This study examines the divergent effects of left-wing and right-wing populist governments on infrastructure investment. Using panel data from 59 countries between 1990 and 2019, we find that left-wing populist governments significantly reduce infrastructure investment, while right-wing populist governments do not exhibit a similar impact. Mechanism analysis reveals that left-wing populist governments impair infrastructure investment by weakening legal institutions and deteriorating market governance institutions, whereas right-wing populist governments do not have such effects. Furthermore, the negative effects of left populism are particularly pronounced in three types of countries: those with multi-chamber parliamentary systems, those classified as low-income economies, and those with higher debt-to-GDP ratios. This research enriches the understanding of the economic consequences of populism and the lasting impacts of populist policies on infrastructure development, and contributes to the ongoing debate on the complex relationship between populism and economic outcomes.
{"title":"Populism and global infrastructure investment","authors":"Lulu Pan , Eddie Chi-Man Hui , Jianfu Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Populism has surged globally amid increasing globalization and political polarization. This study examines the divergent effects of left-wing and right-wing populist governments on infrastructure investment. Using panel data from 59 countries between 1990 and 2019, we find that left-wing populist governments significantly reduce infrastructure investment, while right-wing populist governments do not exhibit a similar impact. Mechanism analysis reveals that left-wing populist governments impair infrastructure investment by weakening legal institutions and deteriorating market governance institutions, whereas right-wing populist governments do not have such effects. Furthermore, the negative effects of left populism are particularly pronounced in three types of countries: those with multi-chamber parliamentary systems, those classified as low-income economies, and those with higher debt-to-GDP ratios. This research enriches the understanding of the economic consequences of populism and the lasting impacts of populist policies on infrastructure development, and contributes to the ongoing debate on the complex relationship between populism and economic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 107282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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