Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106791
Sanghmitra Gautam , Michael Gechter , Raymond P. Guiteras , Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak
We conduct a systematic re-analysis of intervention-based studies that promote hygienic latrines and evaluate via experimental methods. We impose systematic inclusion criteria to identify such studies and compile their microdata to harmonize outcome measures, covariates, and estimands across studies. We then re-analyze their data to report metrics that are consistently defined and measured across studies. We compare the relative effectiveness of different classes of interventions implemented in overlapping ways across four countries: community-level demand encouragement, sanitation subsidies, product information campaigns, and microcredit to finance product purchases. In the sample of studies meeting our inclusion criteria, interventions that offer financial benefits generally outperform information and education campaigns in increasing adoption of improved sanitation. Contrary to a policy concern about sustainability, financial incentives do not undermine usage of adopted latrines. Effects vary by share of women in the household, in both positive and negative directions, and differ little by poverty status.
{"title":"To use financial incentives or not? Insights from experiments in encouraging sanitation investments in four countries","authors":"Sanghmitra Gautam , Michael Gechter , Raymond P. Guiteras , Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conduct a systematic re-analysis of intervention-based studies that promote hygienic latrines and evaluate via experimental methods. We impose systematic inclusion criteria to identify such studies and compile their microdata to harmonize outcome measures, covariates, and estimands across studies. We then re-analyze their data to report metrics that are consistently defined and measured across studies. We compare the relative effectiveness of different classes of interventions implemented in overlapping ways across four countries: community-level demand encouragement, sanitation subsidies, product information campaigns, and microcredit to finance product purchases. In the sample of studies meeting our inclusion criteria, interventions that offer financial benefits generally outperform information and education campaigns in increasing adoption of improved sanitation. Contrary to a policy concern about sustainability, financial incentives do not undermine usage of adopted latrines. Effects vary by share of women in the household, in both positive and negative directions, and differ little by poverty status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106791"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106852
Gabriel Cepaluni , Amanda Driscoll
Conditional cash transfer programs are designed to interrupt the intergenerational cycle of poverty by improving health and educational outcomes. We evaluate the efficacy of the world’s largest CCT program utilizing educational outcomes from the complete administrative records at the intra-family level of Brazil’s Bolsa Família program (PBF). Although we find that younger siblings subject to the Bolsa Família conditionalities outperform their older, untreated siblings in educational attainment within the same household, the overall effect size remains substantively small. We consider the educational attainment of 15–17 year old beneficiaries with siblings who were above the age of 18 at the time of family enrollment. Our findings show precisely estimated positive effects due to the large sample, indicating that the program yields minimal improvements in educational outcomes for ‘treated’ children compared to their ‘untreated’ siblings. Additionally, we find modest differences across boy and girl sibling pairs, but consistent regional effects, underscoring the importance of local public goods provision for enhancing program efficacy.
有条件现金转移项目旨在通过改善健康和教育成果来阻断贫困的代际循环。我们利用巴西 Bolsa Família 计划（PBF）家庭内部完整行政记录中的教育成果，评估了世界上最大的有条件现金转移支付计划的效果。尽管我们发现，在同一家庭中，受 Bolsa Família 计划条件限制的年幼兄弟姐妹的受教育程度优于未受教育的年长兄弟姐妹，但总体效果仍然很小。我们考虑了 15-17 岁受益人的受教育程度，他们的兄弟姐妹在加入家庭时已年满 18 岁。由于样本较大，我们的研究结果显示了精确估算的正效应，表明与 "未接受治疗 "的兄弟姐妹相比，该计划对 "接受治疗 "儿童的教育成果改善甚微。此外，我们还发现，男孩和女孩兄弟姐妹之间的差异不大，但地区效应却一致，这突出表明了当地公共产品的提供对提高计划效果的重要性。
{"title":"Do conditional cash transfers improve intergenerational gains in educational achievement?: Evidence from Brazil’s Bolsa Familia Program","authors":"Gabriel Cepaluni , Amanda Driscoll","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conditional cash transfer programs are designed to interrupt the intergenerational cycle of poverty by improving health and educational outcomes. We evaluate the efficacy of the world’s largest CCT program utilizing educational outcomes from the complete administrative records at the intra-family level of Brazil’s <em>Bolsa Família</em> program (PBF). Although we find that younger siblings subject to the <em>Bolsa Família</em> conditionalities outperform their older, untreated siblings in educational attainment within the same household, the overall effect size remains substantively small. We consider the educational attainment of 15–17 year old beneficiaries with siblings who were above the age of 18 at the time of family enrollment. Our findings show precisely estimated positive effects due to the large sample, indicating that the program yields minimal improvements in educational outcomes for ‘treated’ children compared to their ‘untreated’ siblings. Additionally, we find modest differences across boy and girl sibling pairs, but consistent regional effects, underscoring the importance of local public goods provision for enhancing program efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106852"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106831
Matthew J. Kotchen , Andrew Vogt
International environmental and development agencies increasingly emphasize external cofinancing when selecting projects to fund. This paper considers whether the emphasis on cofinancing helps promote institutional objectives, or creates perverse and inefficient incentives. We present a model of project selection that can apply to any funding agency, but focus on environmental multilateral funds and climate change. We show that introducing cofinancing objectives to a fund that seeks to maximize its immediate environmental impact is redundant as best, and more likely counterproductive. We test implications of our model using project-level data from two of the leading environmental multilateral funds, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Green Climate Fund (GCF). While tradeoffs exist between emission reductions and cofinancing, we find that they are not strong enough to imply that current cofinancing preferences are diminishing the environmental benefits that funds can claim. However, we also find that the emphasis on cofinancing in project selection is likely to be globally inefficient, as projects with greater cofinancing ratios tend to yield smaller emission reductions per gross dollar spent. This finding should sound a note of caution given the overall scarcity of financial resources available to achieve global climate goals.
{"title":"Is the emphasis on cofinancing good for environmental multilateral funds?","authors":"Matthew J. Kotchen , Andrew Vogt","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>International environmental and development agencies increasingly emphasize external cofinancing when selecting projects to fund. This paper considers whether the emphasis on cofinancing helps promote institutional objectives, or creates perverse and inefficient incentives. We present a model of project selection that can apply to any funding agency, but focus on environmental multilateral funds and climate change. We show that introducing cofinancing objectives to a fund that seeks to maximize its immediate environmental impact is redundant as best, and more likely counterproductive. We test implications of our model using project-level data from two of the leading environmental multilateral funds, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Green Climate Fund (GCF). While tradeoffs exist between emission reductions and cofinancing, we find that they are not strong enough to imply that current cofinancing preferences are diminishing the environmental benefits that funds can claim. However, we also find that the emphasis on cofinancing in project selection is likely to be globally inefficient, as projects with greater cofinancing ratios tend to yield smaller emission reductions per gross dollar spent. This finding should sound a note of caution given the overall scarcity of financial resources available to achieve global climate goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106831"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106806
Paola Vesco , Ghassan Baliki , Tilman Brück , Stefan Döring , Anneli Eriksson , Hanne Fjelde , Debarati Guha-Sapir , Jonathan Hall , Carl Henrik Knutsen , Maxine R. Leis , Hannes Mueller , Christopher Rauh , Ida Rudolfsen , Ashok Swain , Alexa Timlick , Phaidon T.B. Vassiliou , Johan von Schreeb , Nina von Uexkull , Håvard Hegre
The detrimental impacts of wars on human development are well documented across research domains, from public health to micro-economics. However, these impacts are studied in compartmentalized silos, which limits a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of conflicts, hampering our ability to effectively sustain human development. This article takes a first step in addressing this gap by reviewing the literature on conflict impacts through the lens of an inter-disciplinary theoretical framework. We review the literature on the consequences of conflicts across 9 dimensions of human development: health, schooling, livelihood and income, growth and investments, political institutions, migration and displacement, socio-psychological wellbeing and capital, water access, and food security. The study focuses on both direct and indirect impacts of violence, reviews the existing evidence on how impacts on different dimensions of societal wellbeing and development may intertwine, and suggests plausible mechanisms to explain how these connections materialize. This exercise leads to the identification of critical research gaps and reveals that systematic empirical testing of how the impacts of war spread across sectors is severely lacking. By streamlining the literature on the impacts of war across multiple domains, this review represents a first step to build a common language that can overcome disciplinary silos and achieve a deeper understanding of how the effects of war reverberate across society. This multidisciplinary understanding of conflict impacts may eventually help to reconcile divergent estimates and enable forward-looking policies that minimize the costs of war.
{"title":"The impacts of armed conflict on human development: A review of the literature","authors":"Paola Vesco , Ghassan Baliki , Tilman Brück , Stefan Döring , Anneli Eriksson , Hanne Fjelde , Debarati Guha-Sapir , Jonathan Hall , Carl Henrik Knutsen , Maxine R. Leis , Hannes Mueller , Christopher Rauh , Ida Rudolfsen , Ashok Swain , Alexa Timlick , Phaidon T.B. Vassiliou , Johan von Schreeb , Nina von Uexkull , Håvard Hegre","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detrimental impacts of wars on human development are well documented across research domains, from public health to micro-economics. However, these impacts are studied in compartmentalized silos, which limits a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of conflicts, hampering our ability to effectively sustain human development. This article takes a first step in addressing this gap by reviewing the literature on conflict impacts through the lens of an inter-disciplinary theoretical framework. We review the literature on the consequences of conflicts across 9 dimensions of human development: health, schooling, livelihood and income, growth and investments, political institutions, migration and displacement, socio-psychological wellbeing and capital, water access, and food security. The study focuses on both direct and indirect impacts of violence, reviews the existing evidence on how impacts on different dimensions of societal wellbeing and development may intertwine, and suggests plausible mechanisms to explain how these connections materialize. This exercise leads to the identification of critical research gaps and reveals that systematic empirical testing of how the impacts of war spread across sectors is severely lacking. By streamlining the literature on the impacts of war across multiple domains, this review represents a first step to build a common language that can overcome disciplinary silos and achieve a deeper understanding of how the effects of war reverberate across society. This multidisciplinary understanding of conflict impacts may eventually help to reconcile divergent estimates and enable forward-looking policies that minimize the costs of war.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106806"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106856
Yiriyibin Bambio
Gender norms, institutional constraints, and gender disparities in regards to the access to production factors persist and undermine agricultural growth in developing countries. There is limited evidence regarding the comprehensive gender productivity gap across crops and countries after controlling for the gender disparities in access to productive resources. This study analyzes the gender gap in agricultural productivity in West Africa. We use a nationally representative data, which was collected from a large household sample size in eight countries using harmonized survey instruments. This analysis uses the recentered influence function. We also account for the crop and country specificities in West Africa. We find that female farmers have productivity advantages in pulses and disadvantages in cereals and cotton. Moreover, our results show that these gender differences are higher in Sahelian countries than in coastal countries, and decrease in cereals and increase in pulses along the productivity distribution. Furthermore, we also find that the structural component is the primary driver of the gender productivity gap, underscoring the importance of the returns on resources. Our study contributes to the literature by providing evidence that a comprehensive analysis can decipher the multidirectional gender productivity gap across crops and go beyond a usually aggregated female disadvantage. The findings are of great interest to policies and regional agricultural programs. They highlight disparities in the gender gap across subregions and show that this gap is a crop-level phenomenon, rendering the conventional farmer-level analysis insufficient. This study emphasizes the need to further elucidate the factors explaining the gender structural disadvantages in West Africa to improve agricultural productivity and gender equity and reduce poverty.
{"title":"Gender differences in agricultural productivity: Puzzling evidence from West Africa","authors":"Yiriyibin Bambio","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gender norms, institutional constraints, and gender disparities in regards to the access to production factors persist and undermine agricultural growth in developing countries. There is limited evidence regarding the comprehensive gender productivity gap across crops and countries after controlling for the gender disparities in access to productive resources. This study analyzes the gender gap in agricultural productivity in West Africa. We use a nationally representative data, which was collected from a large household sample size in eight countries using harmonized survey instruments. This analysis uses the recentered influence function. We also account for the crop and country specificities in West Africa. We find that female farmers have productivity advantages in pulses and disadvantages in cereals and cotton. Moreover, our results show that these gender differences are higher in Sahelian countries than in coastal countries, and decrease in cereals and increase in pulses along the productivity distribution. Furthermore, we also find that the structural component is the primary driver of the gender productivity gap, underscoring the importance of the returns on resources. Our study contributes to the literature by providing evidence that a comprehensive analysis can decipher the multidirectional gender productivity gap across crops and go beyond a usually aggregated female disadvantage. The findings are of great interest to policies and regional agricultural programs. They highlight disparities in the gender gap across subregions and show that this gap is a crop-level phenomenon, rendering the conventional farmer-level analysis insufficient. This study emphasizes the need to further elucidate the factors explaining the gender structural disadvantages in West Africa to improve agricultural productivity and gender equity and reduce poverty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106856"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106854
Ulrike Grote , Gregor Mager , Anja Faße , Frank Neubacher , Luitfred Kissoly
Rural crime victimization, especially in form of theft, is a serious problem in rural areas in Sub Saharan Africa as it may undermine their sustainable development. Using the case of Tanzania, we investigate the evidence of crime and analyze the factors which determine victimization. Based on a panel dataset of 786 households from rural Tanzania, we find relatively high victimization rates of 37 % and 47 % in 2016 and 2018, respectively. The random-effects and pooled logit models reveal that living in a rural region with high levels of unemployment is positively correlated with the likelihood of victimization. Moreover, exposure to weather shocks such as floods is positively associated with the likelihood of being affected by crime. We conclude that rural crime victimization requires attention due to its high incidence in Tanzania. Improving job opportunities especially for the youth in rural Tanzania is expected to reduce the likelihood of victimization. Guardianship should be encouraged, especially during times of weather shocks.
{"title":"Evidence and determinants of rural crime victimization in Tanzania","authors":"Ulrike Grote , Gregor Mager , Anja Faße , Frank Neubacher , Luitfred Kissoly","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rural crime victimization, especially in form of theft, is a serious problem in rural areas in Sub Saharan Africa as it may undermine their sustainable development. Using the case of Tanzania, we investigate the evidence of crime and analyze the factors which determine victimization. Based on a panel dataset of 786 households from rural Tanzania, we find relatively high victimization rates of 37 % and 47 % in 2016 and 2018, respectively. The random-effects and pooled logit models reveal that living in a rural region with high levels of unemployment is positively correlated with the likelihood of victimization. Moreover, exposure to weather shocks such as floods is positively associated with the likelihood of being affected by crime. We conclude that rural crime victimization requires attention due to its high incidence in Tanzania. Improving job opportunities especially for the youth in rural Tanzania is expected to reduce the likelihood of victimization. Guardianship should be encouraged, especially during times of weather shocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106854"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106823
Hongchuan Wang , Kaibo Xu
Previous research overlooks the impact of city shrinkage on disadvantaged groups. This study explores the relationship between city shrinkage and public service delivery for people with disabilities. First, principal component analysis was employed to measure the public service facility coverage index for people with disabilities, highlighting the spatial characteristics in China. Second, a regression discontinuity design was utilized to analyze the causal relationship between city shrinkage and public service. Third, ordinary least squares regression was used to identify key factors affecting public services coverage. The results showed that the population change in prefecture-level cities has widened the gap in public service delivery for people with disabilities. Places stratification within cities has been enlarged by city shrinkage. Notably, the impact of city shrinkage is predominantly observed in the periphery of cities; due to better-developed public service facilities in urban centers, the effect of city shrinkage is less pronounced there. Additionally, factors such as financial autonomy and disabled population density significantly influence the delivery of public services for people with disabilities. These findings suggest that policy-making should be tailored to urban dynamics and shrinking cities should adopt targeted strategies to enhance public services for disadvantaged people.
{"title":"How city shrinkage affect public service provision for disadvantaged groups? Evidence from China","authors":"Hongchuan Wang , Kaibo Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research overlooks the impact of city shrinkage on disadvantaged groups. This study explores the relationship between city shrinkage and public service delivery for people with disabilities. First, principal component analysis was employed to measure the public service facility coverage index for people with disabilities, highlighting the spatial characteristics in China. Second, a regression discontinuity design was utilized to analyze the causal relationship between city shrinkage and public service. Third, ordinary least squares regression was used to identify key factors affecting public services coverage. The results showed that the population change in prefecture-level cities has widened the gap in public service delivery for people with disabilities. Places stratification within cities has been enlarged by city shrinkage. Notably, the impact of city shrinkage is predominantly observed in the periphery of cities; due to better-developed public service facilities in urban centers, the effect of city shrinkage is less pronounced there. Additionally, factors such as financial autonomy and disabled population density significantly influence the delivery of public services for people with disabilities. These findings suggest that policy-making should be tailored to urban dynamics and shrinking cities should adopt targeted strategies to enhance public services for disadvantaged people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106823"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106833
Teresa Freitas-Monteiro , Lars Ludolph
Asylum seekers who migrate from developing countries to Europe frequently experience victimization events during their journey. The consequences of these events for their economic integration into destination countries are not yet well explored. In this paper, we analyze how victimization during asylum seekers’ journeys affects their labor market integration in Germany by using survey data collected in the aftermath of the 2015 refugee crisis. Our data allow us to account for the exact timing and geography of migration, such that samples of physically victimized and nonvictimized refugees are balanced along a wide range of characteristics. We find that, compared to nonvictimized refugees, refugees who were physically victimized during their journey to Germany favor joining the labor force and taking up low-income employment rather than investing in host country human capital. To explain these findings, we explore a range of potential mechanisms and find suggestive evidence that experiencing physical victimization in vulnerable situations is not only associated with a decline in mental health but also with a “loss of future orientation” among physically victimized refugees, leading them to discount future payoffs more heavily.
{"title":"Barriers to humanitarian migration, victimization and integration outcomes: Evidence from Germany","authors":"Teresa Freitas-Monteiro , Lars Ludolph","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asylum seekers who migrate from developing countries to Europe frequently experience victimization events during their journey. The consequences of these events for their economic integration into destination countries are not yet well explored. In this paper, we analyze how victimization during asylum seekers’ journeys affects their labor market integration in Germany by using survey data collected in the aftermath of the 2015 refugee crisis. Our data allow us to account for the exact timing and geography of migration, such that samples of physically victimized and nonvictimized refugees are balanced along a wide range of characteristics. We find that, compared to nonvictimized refugees, refugees who were physically victimized during their journey to Germany favor joining the labor force and taking up low-income employment rather than investing in host country human capital. To explain these findings, we explore a range of potential mechanisms and find suggestive evidence that experiencing physical victimization in vulnerable situations is not only associated with a decline in mental health but also with a “loss of future orientation” among physically victimized refugees, leading them to discount future payoffs more heavily.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106833"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106850
Jann Lay , Stefan Pahl , Rainer Thiele
{"title":"The empirics of and policies for sustainability in global value chains","authors":"Jann Lay , Stefan Pahl , Rainer Thiele","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106850"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106834
Manuel Ramos-Maqueda , Daniel L. Chen
This article explores the transformative potential of data science in enhancing justice systems globally. Leveraging the increasing availability of judicial data and the advancements of the digital revolution, this paper demonstrates how policymakers can significantly improve access, efficiency, and fairness within justice systems—crucial components of economic development as discussed in a companion paper (Ramos-Maqueda and Chen, 2024). We introduce a comprehensive framework for evaluating, diagnosing, and experimenting with judicial processes to deepen our understanding of judicial performance using data science methodologies. Key areas of focus include the application of machine learning and “text-as-data” techniques to enhance efficiency and identify disparities in judicial rulings. Through detailed case studies and empirical evidence, we illustrate how these technologies can address systemic shortcomings and drive meaningful reforms. By identifying specific areas where data science can bridge existing gaps, we aim to provide actionable insights for policymakers. Our findings highlight the profound impact of data-driven approaches on fostering a more just society and promoting sustainable economic growth. The paper concludes by suggesting future research directions and practical applications of data science in judicial contexts to ensure continuous improvement and innovation.
本文探讨了数据科学在加强全球司法系统方面的变革潜力。本文利用司法数据日益增长的可用性和数字革命的进步，展示了政策制定者如何在司法系统中显著改善司法的可及性、效率和公平性--这正是经济发展的重要组成部分，这一点在另一篇论文（Ramos-Maqueda and Chen, 2024）中已有论述。我们介绍了一个评估、诊断和试验司法程序的综合框架，以利用数据科学方法加深我们对司法绩效的理解。重点领域包括应用机器学习和 "文本即数据 "技术来提高效率和识别司法裁决中的差异。通过详细的案例研究和经验证据，我们说明了这些技术如何解决系统性缺陷并推动有意义的改革。通过确定数据科学可以弥补现有差距的具体领域，我们旨在为政策制定者提供可行的见解。我们的研究结果凸显了数据驱动方法对促进社会更加公正和推动可持续经济增长的深远影响。本文最后提出了数据科学在司法领域的未来研究方向和实际应用，以确保持续改进和创新。
{"title":"The data revolution in justice","authors":"Manuel Ramos-Maqueda , Daniel L. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article explores the transformative potential of data science in enhancing justice systems globally. Leveraging the increasing availability of judicial data and the advancements of the digital revolution, this paper demonstrates how policymakers can significantly improve access, efficiency, and fairness within justice systems—crucial components of economic development as discussed in a companion paper (<span><span>Ramos-Maqueda and Chen, 2024</span></span>). We introduce a comprehensive framework for evaluating, diagnosing, and experimenting with judicial processes to deepen our understanding of judicial performance using data science methodologies. Key areas of focus include the application of machine learning and “text-as-data” techniques to enhance efficiency and identify disparities in judicial rulings. Through detailed case studies and empirical evidence, we illustrate how these technologies can address systemic shortcomings and drive meaningful reforms. By identifying specific areas where data science can bridge existing gaps, we aim to provide actionable insights for policymakers. Our findings highlight the profound impact of data-driven approaches on fostering a more just society and promoting sustainable economic growth. The paper concludes by suggesting future research directions and practical applications of data science in judicial contexts to ensure continuous improvement and innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号