China has a large number of sports intangible cultural heritage tourism resources. Especially in the Yellow River Basin, as the accumulation of history and the crystallization of human civilization, sports intangible cultural heritage is of great significance for maintaining cultural diversity. This paper studies the integration development and protection of sports intangible cultural heritage and cultural tourism in the Yellow River Basin Based on GIS. In order to enrich the protection and inheritance path of sports intangible cultural heritage, and reveal its spatial distribution and causes, this paper uses GIS spatial analysis method to analyze "points" (excellent tourist cities, 5A scenic spots), "lines" (national trunk lines, railways), "points" and "lines". The results show that: the Yellow River Basin is a natural and cultural tourism destination, ethnic cultural experience and religious and historical holy land, which has strong attraction for tourists. Therefore, making full use of the rapid development of tourism in these areas, scientific protection and utilization of high-level sports intangible cultural heritage resources can promote the sustainable development of sports heritage and sports tourism in the Yellow River Basin.
{"title":"Integration Development and Protection of Sports Intangible Cultural Heritage and Cultural Tourism in the Yellow River Basin Based on GIS","authors":"Wan Huizhen","doi":"10.18001/trs.7.6.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.41","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 China has a large number of sports intangible cultural heritage tourism resources. Especially in the Yellow River Basin, as the accumulation of history and the crystallization of human civilization, sports intangible cultural heritage is of great significance for maintaining cultural\u0000 diversity. This paper studies the integration development and protection of sports intangible cultural heritage and cultural tourism in the Yellow River Basin Based on GIS. In order to enrich the protection and inheritance path of sports intangible cultural heritage, and reveal its spatial\u0000 distribution and causes, this paper uses GIS spatial analysis method to analyze \"points\" (excellent tourist cities, 5A scenic spots), \"lines\" (national trunk lines, railways), \"points\" and \"lines\". The results show that: the Yellow River Basin is a natural\u0000 and cultural tourism destination, ethnic cultural experience and religious and historical holy land, which has strong attraction for tourists. Therefore, making full use of the rapid development of tourism in these areas, scientific protection and utilization of high-level sports intangible\u0000 cultural heritage resources can promote the sustainable development of sports heritage and sports tourism in the Yellow River Basin.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48513,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46462327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ecological risk assessment for land use can provide the basis for scientific evaluation of the impact of current human activities on land and its ecological effects. For the issue on ecological risk of land use, the method of ecological risk assessment for land use based on remote sensing image is proposed. Using remote sensing image as the main data of land use change and ecological effects, the land use situation is classified by pre-processing and analysis of remote sensing image. Combined with the estimation of solar radiation, spatial interpolation of meteorological data, atmospheric correction and geometric fine correction operations, remote sensing data is processed to improve the classification accuracy of the target area. According to the remote sensing image of land use and the analysis results of the data, as well as the dynamic model and the comprehensive evaluation conceptual model for land use, the multi-indicator assessment framework of ecological risk for land use is designed and the risk indicator system is constructed. Furthermore, the ecological risk assessment for land use in the entire region and sub-regions is completed. The research results show that the proposed method can effectively realize the ecological risk assessment for land use in the study area, which has good robustness.
{"title":"Method of Ecological Risk Assessment for Land Use Based on Remote Sensing Image","authors":"Ling Chai","doi":"10.18001/trs.7.6.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.101","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ecological risk assessment for land use can provide the basis for scientific evaluation of the impact of current human activities on land and its ecological effects. For the issue on ecological risk of land use, the method of ecological risk assessment for land use based on remote\u0000 sensing image is proposed. Using remote sensing image as the main data of land use change and ecological effects, the land use situation is classified by pre-processing and analysis of remote sensing image. Combined with the estimation of solar radiation, spatial interpolation of meteorological\u0000 data, atmospheric correction and geometric fine correction operations, remote sensing data is processed to improve the classification accuracy of the target area. According to the remote sensing image of land use and the analysis results of the data, as well as the dynamic model and the comprehensive\u0000 evaluation conceptual model for land use, the multi-indicator assessment framework of ecological risk for land use is designed and the risk indicator system is constructed. Furthermore, the ecological risk assessment for land use in the entire region and sub-regions is completed. The research\u0000 results show that the proposed method can effectively realize the ecological risk assessment for land use in the study area, which has good robustness.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48513,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48449276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Artificial intelligence has profoundly changed the way of university education. The tobacco ban on university campuses has become a consensus among people. The public smoking ban among university students requires both external constraints and internal ideological education. The evaluation system construction of college students’ ideological education is an effective way to improve the quality of college students’ ideological education, and it has a guiding role in promoting the ideological education of college students. The evaluation system is a whole, so we should start from structural function, and pursue the system construction and implementation path from the inside to the outside. Parsons Structural Function Analysis Framework (AGIL) is a systematic analysis method to study the structural function of social action. Using AGIL for analysis, the evaluation subject, evaluation objective, evaluation organization and evaluation system constitute the functional structure of the evaluation. To build an ideological education evaluation system for college students, the implementation path involves optimizing evaluation subject and promoting result evaluation; focusing on evaluation objectives and enhancing process evaluation; strengthening evaluation organization and breaking through value-added evaluation; improving evaluation system and perfecting comprehensive evaluation.
{"title":"Research on the Evaluation System of College Students’ Ideological Education Supporting Smoking Banon Campus in the AI Era-Based on the Analysis Framework of AGIL","authors":"Jiao Litao, Liu Beibei","doi":"10.18001/trs.7.6.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.22","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Artificial intelligence has profoundly changed the way of university education. The tobacco ban on university campuses has become a consensus among people. The public smoking ban among university students requires both external constraints and internal ideological\u0000 education. The evaluation system construction of college students’ ideological education is an effective way to improve the quality of college students’ ideological education, and it has a guiding role in promoting the ideological education of college students. The evaluation system\u0000 is a whole, so we should start from structural function, and pursue the system construction and implementation path from the inside to the outside. Parsons Structural Function Analysis Framework (AGIL) is a systematic analysis method to study the structural function of social action. Using\u0000 AGIL for analysis, the evaluation subject, evaluation objective, evaluation organization and evaluation system constitute the functional structure of the evaluation. To build an ideological education evaluation system for college students, the implementation path involves optimizing evaluation\u0000 subject and promoting result evaluation; focusing on evaluation objectives and enhancing process evaluation; strengthening evaluation organization and breaking through value-added evaluation; improving evaluation system and perfecting comprehensive evaluation.","PeriodicalId":48513,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48207494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Since the 21st century, the cultivation of talents has shifted from the "core of knowledge" to the "core of literacy", which is also an emphasis on and attention to the core literacy of students. The elementary education policy represents an important measure in China's comprehensive quality education, and it puts forward higher requirements on the content and evaluation standards of basic art education. Ideological and moral education has always been highly valued in China. Moral education courses are compulsory public courses for students from elementary school to middle school across the country. The contradiction between the development and prosperity of moral education and the ideological and moral problems of students in the compulsory education stage is thought provoking. It is imperative to reform the existing moral education work. Giving full play to the moral education function of art education in elementary education is a popular and effective way for students in elementary and middle schools. The significance of this article's research on the moral education function of art education in elementary education is to infiltrate the moral education of art education, cultivate sentiments, improve students' aesthetic ability, cultivate students' artistic qualities and innovative thinking, to cultivate all-round development of people.
{"title":"The Moral Education Function and Path Choice of Art Education in Elementary Education","authors":"Wang Kunqi","doi":"10.18001/trs.7.6.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.45","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Since the 21st century, the cultivation of talents has shifted from the \"core of knowledge\" to the \"core of literacy\", which is also an emphasis on and attention to the core literacy of students. The elementary education policy represents\u0000 an important measure in China's comprehensive quality education, and it puts forward higher requirements on the content and evaluation standards of basic art education. Ideological and moral education has always been highly valued in China. Moral education courses are compulsory public courses\u0000 for students from elementary school to middle school across the country. The contradiction between the development and prosperity of moral education and the ideological and moral problems of students in the compulsory education stage is thought provoking. It is imperative to reform the existing\u0000 moral education work. Giving full play to the moral education function of art education in elementary education is a popular and effective way for students in elementary and middle schools. The significance of this article's research on the moral education function of art education in elementary\u0000 education is to infiltrate the moral education of art education, cultivate sentiments, improve students' aesthetic ability, cultivate students' artistic qualities and innovative thinking, to cultivate all-round development of people.","PeriodicalId":48513,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47555730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A smoke-free environment is crucial to the health of low-income, marginalized and vulnerable groups in the wake of COVID-19 and extreme weather. Low-income vulnerable groups mostly live in old residential areas, where the quality of living environment is poor. Ground buildings lack fire protection and smokeless facilities, and ground, rain and sewage pipes are mixed, posing serious safety and health risks. However, urban reconstruction and restoration often pay attention to the smoke-free environment, underground pipe network facilities and green and intelligent application of new residential areas, while ignoring the implantation of smoke-free environment, environmental protection and energy saving sustainable technology measures in the reconstruction of old residential areas. The old residential areas are the last link in the implementation of smoke-free policy and the most vulnerable areas of urban governance. Urban renewal design implanting smoke-free environment and green technology into urban fabric can improve its resilience and quality of living environment. Based on this, taking Shangdayanwan Central District, Yuzhong District of Chongqing, a typical mountain city, as an example, the reconstruction and design of the old residential area with green technology embedded in smoke-free environment was carried out, and the technical mechanism was explored, providing reference for urban renewal design to reduce pollution, prevent disasters and improve the ecological conservation of human settlements.
{"title":"Exploration on Landscape Reconstruction Design of Old Residential Communities Embedded with Green Technology Based on Smoke-Free Environment: Regarding Shangdatianwan Central District in Yuzhong District of Chongqing a Case","authors":"L. Fanyi, Dong Lili, Chen Yuan, Liu Yuanyuan","doi":"10.18001/trs.7.6.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A smoke-free environment is crucial to the health of low-income, marginalized and vulnerable groups in the wake of COVID-19 and extreme weather. Low-income vulnerable groups mostly live in old residential areas, where the quality of living environment is poor. Ground buildings lack\u0000 fire protection and smokeless facilities, and ground, rain and sewage pipes are mixed, posing serious safety and health risks. However, urban reconstruction and restoration often pay attention to the smoke-free environment, underground pipe network facilities and green and intelligent application\u0000 of new residential areas, while ignoring the implantation of smoke-free environment, environmental protection and energy saving sustainable technology measures in the reconstruction of old residential areas. The old residential areas are the last link in the implementation of smoke-free policy\u0000 and the most vulnerable areas of urban governance. Urban renewal design implanting smoke-free environment and green technology into urban fabric can improve its resilience and quality of living environment. Based on this, taking Shangdayanwan Central District, Yuzhong District of Chongqing,\u0000 a typical mountain city, as an example, the reconstruction and design of the old residential area with green technology embedded in smoke-free environment was carried out, and the technical mechanism was explored, providing reference for urban renewal design to reduce pollution, prevent disasters\u0000 and improve the ecological conservation of human settlements.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48513,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46228322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To analyze the clinical effect of nursing cooperation in transsphenoidal approach microscopic hypophysectomy. From January 2017 to January 2020, 80 patients who underwent transsphenoidal microscopic hypophysectomy in our hospital were selected to participate in the analysis and study. They were divided into two groups according to the randomized allocation, namely the observation group and the control group. Among them, 40 patients in the observation group and 40 patients in the control group were given routine nursing care for the patients in the control group, and comprehensive nursing intervention was adopted for the patients in the observation group, and the overall nursing effect of the two groups of patients was compared. After taking different nursing methods, the condition of patients in both groups was effectively controlled, and the effective rate of patients in the observation group with comprehensive nursing intervention was significantly better than that of patients in the control group with conventional nursing methods, and the difference had certain statistical significance (P < 0.05); The satisfaction degree of patients in the study group was significantly better than that of patients in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The degree of negative emotions of patients in the study group was significantly better than that of patients in the control group after receiving comprehensive nursing intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); The scores of each index of SF-36 questionnaire of patients in both groups were higher than those before nursing, and the scores of each index of patients in observation group were higher than those of patients in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P > 0.05). With adequate preoperative preparation and mastery of the use of mechanical equipment, comprehensive nursing intervention can effectively improve the treatment effect of patients, make patients more satisfied with the nursing work, and can soothe patients’ negative psychological mood, eliminate panic, improve patients' life confidence, enhance intraoperative cooperation, and ensure that the operation can be completed smoothly.
{"title":"Analysis of Nursing Cooperation in Microscopic Pituitary Tumor Resection via Transsphenoidal Approach","authors":"Haijuan Hu, Yi-zao Zhao, Jianhua Ma","doi":"10.18001/trs.7.6.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.119","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To analyze the clinical effect of nursing cooperation in transsphenoidal approach microscopic hypophysectomy. From January 2017 to January 2020, 80 patients who underwent transsphenoidal microscopic hypophysectomy in our hospital were selected to participate in the analysis and study.\u0000 They were divided into two groups according to the randomized allocation, namely the observation group and the control group. Among them, 40 patients in the observation group and 40 patients in the control group were given routine nursing care for the patients in the control group, and comprehensive\u0000 nursing intervention was adopted for the patients in the observation group, and the overall nursing effect of the two groups of patients was compared. After taking different nursing methods, the condition of patients in both groups was effectively controlled, and the effective rate of patients\u0000 in the observation group with comprehensive nursing intervention was significantly better than that of patients in the control group with conventional nursing methods, and the difference had certain statistical significance (P < 0.05); The satisfaction degree of patients in the study group\u0000 was significantly better than that of patients in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The degree of negative emotions of patients in the study group was significantly better than that of patients in the control group after receiving comprehensive\u0000 nursing intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); The scores of each index of SF-36 questionnaire of patients in both groups were\u0000 higher than those before nursing, and the scores of each index of patients in observation group were higher than those of patients in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P > 0.05). With adequate preoperative preparation and mastery of the use of mechanical equipment,\u0000 comprehensive nursing intervention can effectively improve the treatment effect of patients, make patients more satisfied with the nursing work, and can soothe patients’ negative psychological mood, eliminate panic, improve patients' life confidence, enhance intraoperative cooperation,\u0000 and ensure that the operation can be completed smoothly.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48513,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47078159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improving children’s educational performance is the fundamental goal of education. The factors that affect children’s educational performance are complex. Family factors are one of the key factors affecting children’s educational performance. In order to analyze whether family separation will affect children’s educational performance, there are differences in education performance of migrant, left-behind and migrant left-behind children in terms of family separation. The model analyzes the impact of family separation on the educational performance of three types of children: floating, left-behind and floating left-behind children. Studies have found that family separation has a significant impact on the educational performance of migrant and migrant left-behind children, and family education capital and education investment will also affect children’s educational performance. Therefore, parents should increase the time of children's companionship and participatory learning, improve children's educational performance, strengthen family education capital investment and children's educational investment to improve children's educational performance.
{"title":"Does Family Separation Affect Children's Educational Performance? -- Analysis Based on Ordered Logistic Regression Model","authors":"Luo Juan, Zhang Kai-li, Yang Lu, Zhang Yaqi","doi":"10.18001/trs.7.6.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.87","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Improving children’s educational performance is the fundamental goal of education. The factors that affect children’s educational performance are complex. Family factors are one of the key factors affecting children’s educational performance. In order to analyze\u0000 whether family separation will affect children’s educational performance, there are differences in education performance of migrant, left-behind and migrant left-behind children in terms of family separation. The model analyzes the impact of family separation on the educational performance\u0000 of three types of children: floating, left-behind and floating left-behind children. Studies have found that family separation has a significant impact on the educational performance of migrant and migrant left-behind children, and family education capital and education investment will also\u0000 affect children’s educational performance. Therefore, parents should increase the time of children's companionship and participatory learning, improve children's educational performance, strengthen family education capital investment and children's educational investment to improve children's\u0000 educational performance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48513,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44087620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The rapid development of central heating service in China mostly uses fossil fuels such as coal for production. The market competitiveness of new energy such as wind and solar energy to replace coal to produce heat energy for heating is relatively poor. Under the multiple requirements of energy security, ambient air quality and low carbon, electric heating is practicable because of its flexible use, adapts to the differential demand of consumers for heat, which energy supply can improve efficiency with the progress of power generation technology and so on. On the basis of case study data and results of residential users, companies and public buildings adopting electric heating technology, the analysis of consumer demand, supply chain structure and market relationship in China's electric heating market, this paper discusses the supply chain cooperation model by using revenue sharing contract mode. The results show that the performance of the benefit sharing ratio in the data simulation is acceptable when the revenue sharing contract is used in the supply chain. This model can promote the spontaneous and effective operation of the market, and help the local government in China to get rid of the embarrassment of the continuous subsidy.
{"title":"Research on Supply Chain Cooperation Optimization Model of Electric Heating Market Replacing Traditional Coal Power Generation","authors":"Y. Zhuo, W. Ju, Tang Jie","doi":"10.18001/trs.7.6.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.64","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The rapid development of central heating service in China mostly uses fossil fuels such as coal for production. The market competitiveness of new energy such as wind and solar energy to replace coal to produce heat energy for heating is relatively poor. Under\u0000 the multiple requirements of energy security, ambient air quality and low carbon, electric heating is practicable because of its flexible use, adapts to the differential demand of consumers for heat, which energy supply can improve efficiency with the progress of power generation technology\u0000 and so on. On the basis of case study data and results of residential users, companies and public buildings adopting electric heating technology, the analysis of consumer demand, supply chain structure and market relationship in China's electric heating market, this paper discusses the supply\u0000 chain cooperation model by using revenue sharing contract mode. The results show that the performance of the benefit sharing ratio in the data simulation is acceptable when the revenue sharing contract is used in the supply chain. This model can promote the spontaneous and effective operation\u0000 of the market, and help the local government in China to get rid of the embarrassment of the continuous subsidy.","PeriodicalId":48513,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46776936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 2003 Tecmedv. Mexico case, the principle of proportionality, which was already practiced under the jurisprudence of the ECtHR, was transplanted to investment arbitration cases under the ICSID. Tobacco control regulations are imposed on tobacco company by state to protect the public health. In landmark case Philip Morris v. Uruguay, the tribunal resorted to the principle of proportionality to prove that tobacco control measures do not constitute the violation of investment treaty. Nevertheless, few have discussed discretionary issues caused by this expanded use especially. This article attempts to challenge the current manner in which the principle of proportionality is utilized in investment arbitration under ICSID. More specifically, it seeks to challenge the discretion exerted by the tribunals when the principle is applied especially applied to tobacco control regulations. This article will demonstrate how the unwarranted judicial discretion has a detrimental effect on predicting how the ICSID tribunals will protect property rights while balancing the host states’ power to regulate.
{"title":"Principle of Proportionality and Judicial Discretion in ICSID Arbitration: A Case Study of Tobacco Industry","authors":"Qu Guangyi, Shen Wei","doi":"10.18001/trs.7.6.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.20","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the 2003 Tecmedv. Mexico case, the principle of proportionality, which was already practiced under the jurisprudence of the ECtHR, was transplanted to investment arbitration cases under the ICSID. Tobacco control regulations are imposed on tobacco company by state to protect the\u0000 public health. In landmark case Philip Morris v. Uruguay, the tribunal resorted to the principle of proportionality to prove that tobacco control measures do not constitute the violation of investment treaty. Nevertheless, few have discussed discretionary issues caused by this expanded use\u0000 especially. This article attempts to challenge the current manner in which the principle of proportionality is utilized in investment arbitration under ICSID. More specifically, it seeks to challenge the discretion exerted by the tribunals when the principle is applied especially applied to\u0000 tobacco control regulations. This article will demonstrate how the unwarranted judicial discretion has a detrimental effect on predicting how the ICSID tribunals will protect property rights while balancing the host states’ power to regulate.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48513,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43187262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The method to evaluate the geological environment of river valley slope projects has a small precision in determining the weight of geological environment evaluation index, which leads to a large error between the results of geological environment evaluation and the actual value of river valley slope projects. Therefore, the reverse research of the geological environment evaluation of river valley slope projects based on remote sensing technology is proposed. Remote sensing technology is used to build the projects’ geological environment evaluation framework of river valley slope, on this basis, the Delphi method is used to preliminarily determine the geological environment evaluation index, the cluster analysis is used to screen the evaluation index, the evaluation system of projects’ geological environment is constructed, the AHP method is used to calculate the evaluation index weight, and the corresponding remote sensing image number is obtained according to the projects’ geological environment evaluation system. According to the data, the corresponding software is used to preprocess it, and the remote sensing data of projects’ geological environment is obtained. The grey evaluation method is constructed based on AHP to realize the evaluation of geological environment of river valley slope projects. The experimental results show that compared with the existing methods, the evaluation error of the proposed method is smaller, which fully proves that the application performance of the proposed method is better.
{"title":"Geological environment evaluation of river valley slope projects based on remote sensing technology","authors":"Liangzhuang Ma, Guangming He, Xunshi Wang, Xiangling Zhao, Bing Fan, Shangtao Li","doi":"10.18001/trs.7.6.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The method to evaluate the geological environment of river valley slope projects has a small precision in determining the weight of geological environment evaluation index, which leads to a large error between the results of geological environment evaluation and the actual value\u0000 of river valley slope projects. Therefore, the reverse research of the geological environment evaluation of river valley slope projects based on remote sensing technology is proposed. Remote sensing technology is used to build the projects’ geological environment evaluation framework\u0000 of river valley slope, on this basis, the Delphi method is used to preliminarily determine the geological environment evaluation index, the cluster analysis is used to screen the evaluation index, the evaluation system of projects’ geological environment is constructed, the AHP method\u0000 is used to calculate the evaluation index weight, and the corresponding remote sensing image number is obtained according to the projects’ geological environment evaluation system. According to the data, the corresponding software is used to preprocess it, and the remote sensing data\u0000 of projects’ geological environment is obtained. The grey evaluation method is constructed based on AHP to realize the evaluation of geological environment of river valley slope projects. The experimental results show that compared with the existing methods, the evaluation error of the\u0000 proposed method is smaller, which fully proves that the application performance of the proposed method is better.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48513,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47316602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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