Jingjing Meng, Wenhui Zhou, Xinhao Mao, Pei Lei, Xue An, Hui Xue, Yafei Qi, Fei Yu, Xiayan Liu
Leaf senescence is a developmental program regulated by both endogenous and environmental cues. Abiotic stresses such as nutrient deprivation can induce premature leaf senescence, which profoundly impacts plant growth and crop yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stress-induced senescence are not fully understood. In this work, employing a carbon deprivation (C-deprivation)-induced senescence assay in Arabidopsis seedlings, we identified PLEIOTROPIC REGULATORY LOCUS 1 (PRL1), a component of the NineTeen Complex, as a negative regulator of C-deprivation-induced senescence. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PRL1 directly interacts with the RPA2A subunit of the single-stranded DNA-binding Replication Protein A (RPA) complex. Consistently, the loss of RPA2A leads to premature senescence, while increased expression of RPA2A inhibits senescence. Moreover, overexpression of RPA2A reverses the accelerated senescence in prl1 mutants, and the interaction with PRL1 stabilizes RPA2A under C-deprivation. In summary, our findings reveal the involvement of the PRL1-RPA2A functional module in C-deprivation-induced plant senescence.
叶片衰老是一种受内源和环境因素调控的发育程序。养分匮乏等非生物胁迫可诱导叶片过早衰老,从而对植物生长和作物产量产生深远影响。然而,人们对胁迫诱导衰老的分子机制还不完全了解。在这项工作中,我们利用拟南芥幼苗碳剥夺(C-drivation)诱导衰老试验,确定了 NineTeen 复合体的一个组分 PLEIOTROPIC REGULATORY LOCUS 1(PRL1)是 C-drivation诱导衰老的负调控因子。此外,我们还证明了 PRL1 直接与单链 DNA 结合复制蛋白 A(RPA)复合物的 RPA2A 亚基相互作用。一致的是,RPA2A的缺失会导致过早衰老,而增加RPA2A的表达则会抑制衰老。此外,过量表达 RPA2A 可逆转 prl1 突变体中的加速衰老,与 PRL1 的相互作用可稳定 C 缺失下的 RPA2A。总之,我们的发现揭示了 PRL1-RPA2A 功能模块参与了 C 缺失诱导的植物衰老。
{"title":"PRL1 interacts with and stabilizes RPA2A to regulate carbon deprivation-induced senescence in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Jingjing Meng, Wenhui Zhou, Xinhao Mao, Pei Lei, Xue An, Hui Xue, Yafei Qi, Fei Yu, Xiayan Liu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaf senescence is a developmental program regulated by both endogenous and environmental cues. Abiotic stresses such as nutrient deprivation can induce premature leaf senescence, which profoundly impacts plant growth and crop yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stress-induced senescence are not fully understood. In this work, employing a carbon deprivation (C-deprivation)-induced senescence assay in Arabidopsis seedlings, we identified PLEIOTROPIC REGULATORY LOCUS 1 (PRL1), a component of the NineTeen Complex, as a negative regulator of C-deprivation-induced senescence. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PRL1 directly interacts with the RPA2A subunit of the single-stranded DNA-binding Replication Protein A (RPA) complex. Consistently, the loss of RPA2A leads to premature senescence, while increased expression of RPA2A inhibits senescence. Moreover, overexpression of RPA2A reverses the accelerated senescence in prl1 mutants, and the interaction with PRL1 stabilizes RPA2A under C-deprivation. In summary, our findings reveal the involvement of the PRL1-RPA2A functional module in C-deprivation-induced plant senescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin-Lei Jia, Lixiang Zhu, Yuanyu Li, Pan Zhang, Xiao Chen, Kai Shao, Jingxian Feng, Shi Qiu, Jiaran Geng, Yingbo Yang, Zongtai Wu, Jingshi Xue, Ping Wang, Wansheng Chen, Ying Xiao
Activity-based sensing probes are powerful tools for monitoring enzymatic activities in complex biological samples such as cellular and live animals; however, their application in plants remains challenging. Herein, fourteen activity-based fluorescent probes were assayed against Arabidopsis O-methyltransferases (AtOMTs). One probe, 3-BTD, displayed a high selectivity, reactivity, and fluorescence response toward AtOMTs especially the isoform AtCCoAOMT. We further characterized the features of this probe and explored whether it could be used to detect OMT activities in living plant cells. Our results show that 3-BTD can be used to visualize OMT activity in Arabidopsis, and no fluorescent signal was observed in the comt/ccoaomt double mutant, indicating that it has good specificity. Interestingly, in contrast to the observation that AtCCoAOMT-YFP accumulated in both cytoplasm and nucleus, OMT enzymatic activity tracked by 3-BTD probe was found only in the cytoplasm. This underscores the importance of activity-based sensing in studying protein function. Moreover, 3-BTD can be successfully applied in OMT visualization of different plants. This study indicates that 3-BTD can serve as a potential probe for in situ monitoring the real activity of OMT in multiple plants and provides a strategy for visualizing the activity of other enzymes in plants.
{"title":"An activity-based sensing fluorogenic probe for monitoring O-methyltransferase in plants.","authors":"Xin-Lei Jia, Lixiang Zhu, Yuanyu Li, Pan Zhang, Xiao Chen, Kai Shao, Jingxian Feng, Shi Qiu, Jiaran Geng, Yingbo Yang, Zongtai Wu, Jingshi Xue, Ping Wang, Wansheng Chen, Ying Xiao","doi":"10.1111/nph.20104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activity-based sensing probes are powerful tools for monitoring enzymatic activities in complex biological samples such as cellular and live animals; however, their application in plants remains challenging. Herein, fourteen activity-based fluorescent probes were assayed against Arabidopsis O-methyltransferases (AtOMTs). One probe, 3-BTD, displayed a high selectivity, reactivity, and fluorescence response toward AtOMTs especially the isoform AtCCoAOMT. We further characterized the features of this probe and explored whether it could be used to detect OMT activities in living plant cells. Our results show that 3-BTD can be used to visualize OMT activity in Arabidopsis, and no fluorescent signal was observed in the comt/ccoaomt double mutant, indicating that it has good specificity. Interestingly, in contrast to the observation that AtCCoAOMT-YFP accumulated in both cytoplasm and nucleus, OMT enzymatic activity tracked by 3-BTD probe was found only in the cytoplasm. This underscores the importance of activity-based sensing in studying protein function. Moreover, 3-BTD can be successfully applied in OMT visualization of different plants. This study indicates that 3-BTD can serve as a potential probe for in situ monitoring the real activity of OMT in multiple plants and provides a strategy for visualizing the activity of other enzymes in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruben Eichfeld, Lisa K Mahdi, Concetta De Quattro, Laura Armbruster, Asmamaw B Endeshaw, Shingo Miyauchi, Margareta J Hellmann, Stefan Cord-Landwehr, Daniel Peterson, Vasanth Singan, Kathleen Lail, Emily Savage, Vivian Ng, Igor V Grigoriev, Gregor Langen, Bruno M Moerschbacher, Alga Zuccaro
Effector secretion is crucial for root endophytes to establish and protect their ecological niche. We used time-resolved transcriptomics to monitor effector gene expression dynamics in two closely related Sebacinales, Serendipita indica and Serendipita vermifera, during symbiosis with three plant species, competition with the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana, and cooperation with root-associated bacteria. We observed increased effector gene expression in response to biotic interactions, particularly with plants, indicating their importance in host colonization. Some effectors responded to both plants and microbes, suggesting dual roles in intermicrobial competition and plant-microbe interactions. A subset of putative antimicrobial effectors, including a GH18-CBM5 chitinase, was induced exclusively by microbes. Functional analyses of this chitinase revealed its antimicrobial and plant-protective properties. We conclude that dynamic effector gene expression underpins the ability of Sebacinales to thrive in diverse ecological niches with a single fungal chitinase contributing substantially to niche defense.
{"title":"Transcriptomics reveal a mechanism of niche defense: two beneficial root endophytes deploy an antimicrobial GH18-CBM5 chitinase to protect their hosts.","authors":"Ruben Eichfeld, Lisa K Mahdi, Concetta De Quattro, Laura Armbruster, Asmamaw B Endeshaw, Shingo Miyauchi, Margareta J Hellmann, Stefan Cord-Landwehr, Daniel Peterson, Vasanth Singan, Kathleen Lail, Emily Savage, Vivian Ng, Igor V Grigoriev, Gregor Langen, Bruno M Moerschbacher, Alga Zuccaro","doi":"10.1111/nph.20080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effector secretion is crucial for root endophytes to establish and protect their ecological niche. We used time-resolved transcriptomics to monitor effector gene expression dynamics in two closely related Sebacinales, Serendipita indica and Serendipita vermifera, during symbiosis with three plant species, competition with the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana, and cooperation with root-associated bacteria. We observed increased effector gene expression in response to biotic interactions, particularly with plants, indicating their importance in host colonization. Some effectors responded to both plants and microbes, suggesting dual roles in intermicrobial competition and plant-microbe interactions. A subset of putative antimicrobial effectors, including a GH18-CBM5 chitinase, was induced exclusively by microbes. Functional analyses of this chitinase revealed its antimicrobial and plant-protective properties. We conclude that dynamic effector gene expression underpins the ability of Sebacinales to thrive in diverse ecological niches with a single fungal chitinase contributing substantially to niche defense.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meiosis requires m<sup>6</sup>A modification for selection of targets in plants.","authors":"Cong Wang, Yingxiang Wang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zsuzsanna Kolbert, Juan B Barroso, Alexandre Boscari, Francisco J Corpas, Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta, John T Hancock, Christian Lindermayr, José Manuel Palma, Marek Petřivalský, David Wendehenne, Gary J Loake
Plant survival to a potential plethora of diverse environmental insults is underpinned by coordinated communication amongst organs to help shape effective responses to these environmental challenges at the whole plant level. This interorgan communication is supported by a complex signal network that regulates growth, development and environmental responses. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a key signalling molecule in plants. However, its potential role in interorgan communication has only recently started to come into view. Direct and indirect evidence has emerged supporting that NO and related species (S-nitrosoglutathione, nitro-linolenic acid) are mobile interorgan signals transmitting responses to stresses such as hypoxia and heat. Beyond their role as mobile signals, NO and related species are involved in mediating xylem development, thus contributing to efficient root-shoot communication. Moreover, NO and related species are regulators in intraorgan systemic defence responses aiming an effective, coordinated defence against pathogens. Beyond its in planta signalling role, NO and related species may act as ex planta signals coordinating external leaf-to-leaf, root-to-leaf but also plant-to-plant communication. Here, we discuss these exciting developments and emphasise how their manipulation may provide novel strategies for crop improvement.
{"title":"Interorgan, intraorgan and interplant communication mediated by nitric oxide and related species.","authors":"Zsuzsanna Kolbert, Juan B Barroso, Alexandre Boscari, Francisco J Corpas, Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta, John T Hancock, Christian Lindermayr, José Manuel Palma, Marek Petřivalský, David Wendehenne, Gary J Loake","doi":"10.1111/nph.20085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant survival to a potential plethora of diverse environmental insults is underpinned by coordinated communication amongst organs to help shape effective responses to these environmental challenges at the whole plant level. This interorgan communication is supported by a complex signal network that regulates growth, development and environmental responses. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a key signalling molecule in plants. However, its potential role in interorgan communication has only recently started to come into view. Direct and indirect evidence has emerged supporting that NO and related species (S-nitrosoglutathione, nitro-linolenic acid) are mobile interorgan signals transmitting responses to stresses such as hypoxia and heat. Beyond their role as mobile signals, NO and related species are involved in mediating xylem development, thus contributing to efficient root-shoot communication. Moreover, NO and related species are regulators in intraorgan systemic defence responses aiming an effective, coordinated defence against pathogens. Beyond its in planta signalling role, NO and related species may act as ex planta signals coordinating external leaf-to-leaf, root-to-leaf but also plant-to-plant communication. Here, we discuss these exciting developments and emphasise how their manipulation may provide novel strategies for crop improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengnan Pan, Xin Wang, Zhengbing Yan, Jin Wu, Lulu Guo, Ziyang Peng, Yuntao Wu, Jing Li, Bin Wang, Yanjun Su, Lingli Liu
Water use efficiency (WUE) represents the trade-off between carbon assimilation and water loss in plants. It remains unclear how leaf stomatal and photosynthetic traits regulate the spatial variation of leaf WUE in different natural forest ecosystems. We investigated 43 broad-leaf tree species spanning from cold-temperate to tropical forests in China. We quantified leaf WUE using leaf δ13C and measured stomatal traits, photosynthetic traits as well as maximum stomatal conductance ( ) and maximum carboxylation capacity ( ). We found that leaves in cold-temperate forests displayed 'fast' carbon economics, characterized by higher leaf nitrogen, Chl, specific leaf area, and , as an adaptation to the shorter growing season. However, these leaves exhibited 'slow' hydraulic traits, with larger but fewer stomata and similar , resulting in higher leaf WUE. By contrast, leaves in tropical forests had smaller and denser stomata, enabling swift response to heterogeneous light conditions. However, this stomatal configuration increased potential water loss, and coupled with their low photosynthetic capacity, led to lower WUE. Our findings contribute to understanding how plant photosynthetic and stomatal traits regulate carbon-water trade-offs across climatic gradients, advancing our ability to predict the impacts of climate changes on forest carbon and water cycles.
水分利用效率(WUE)代表了植物在碳同化和水分损失之间的权衡。目前还不清楚在不同的自然森林生态系统中,叶片气孔和光合特性如何调节叶片水分利用效率的空间变化。我们研究了中国从寒温带森林到热带森林的 43 种阔叶树种。我们利用叶片δ13C对叶片WUE进行了量化,并测量了气孔性状、光合性状以及最大气孔导度( G w max $$ {G}_{{mathrm{w}}_{{mathrm{max}} $$ ) 和最大羧化能力( V c max $$ {V}_{{mathrm{c}}_{{mathrm{max}} $$ ) 。)我们发现,寒温带森林的叶片表现出 "快速 "碳经济性,其特点是叶氮、叶绿素、比叶面积和 V c max $$ {V}_{mathrm{c}}_{mathrm{max}} $$ 较高,以适应较短的生长季节。然而,这些叶片表现出 "缓慢 "的水力特征,气孔较大但较少,G w max $$ {G}_{mathrm{w}}_{mathrm{max}} $$ 相似,导致叶片 WUE 较高。相比之下,热带森林的叶片气孔更小、更密集,能够对不同的光照条件做出迅速反应。然而,这种气孔构造增加了潜在的水分损失,再加上光合作用能力较低,导致叶片WUE较低。我们的研究结果有助于理解植物光合作用和气孔特征如何调节不同气候梯度下的碳水权衡,从而提高我们预测气候变化对森林碳循环和水循环影响的能力。
{"title":"Leaf stomatal configuration and photosynthetic traits jointly affect leaf water use efficiency in forests along climate gradients.","authors":"Shengnan Pan, Xin Wang, Zhengbing Yan, Jin Wu, Lulu Guo, Ziyang Peng, Yuntao Wu, Jing Li, Bin Wang, Yanjun Su, Lingli Liu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water use efficiency (WUE) represents the trade-off between carbon assimilation and water loss in plants. It remains unclear how leaf stomatal and photosynthetic traits regulate the spatial variation of leaf WUE in different natural forest ecosystems. We investigated 43 broad-leaf tree species spanning from cold-temperate to tropical forests in China. We quantified leaf WUE using leaf δ<sup>13</sup>C and measured stomatal traits, photosynthetic traits as well as maximum stomatal conductance ( <math> <semantics> <mrow><msub><mi>G</mi> <msub><mi>w</mi> <mi>max</mi></msub> </msub> </mrow> <annotation>$$ {G}_{{mathrm{w}}_{mathrm{max}}} $$</annotation></semantics> </math> ) and maximum carboxylation capacity ( <math> <semantics> <mrow><msub><mi>V</mi> <msub><mi>c</mi> <mi>max</mi></msub> </msub> </mrow> <annotation>$$ {V}_{{mathrm{c}}_{mathrm{max}}} $$</annotation></semantics> </math> ). We found that leaves in cold-temperate forests displayed 'fast' carbon economics, characterized by higher leaf nitrogen, Chl, specific leaf area, and <math> <semantics> <mrow><msub><mi>V</mi> <msub><mi>c</mi> <mi>max</mi></msub> </msub> </mrow> <annotation>$$ {V}_{{mathrm{c}}_{mathrm{max}}} $$</annotation></semantics> </math> , as an adaptation to the shorter growing season. However, these leaves exhibited 'slow' hydraulic traits, with larger but fewer stomata and similar <math> <semantics> <mrow><msub><mi>G</mi> <msub><mi>w</mi> <mi>max</mi></msub> </msub> </mrow> <annotation>$$ {G}_{{mathrm{w}}_{mathrm{max}}} $$</annotation></semantics> </math> , resulting in higher leaf WUE. By contrast, leaves in tropical forests had smaller and denser stomata, enabling swift response to heterogeneous light conditions. However, this stomatal configuration increased potential water loss, and coupled with their low photosynthetic capacity, led to lower WUE. Our findings contribute to understanding how plant photosynthetic and stomatal traits regulate carbon-water trade-offs across climatic gradients, advancing our ability to predict the impacts of climate changes on forest carbon and water cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaqin Guan, Li Jiang, You Wang, Guanhua Liu, Jiayi Wu, Hong Luo, Sumei Chen, Fadi Chen, Ülo Niinemets, Feng Chen, Yifan Jiang
Trichomes are specialized epidermal outgrowths covering the aerial parts of most terrestrial plants. There is a large species variability in occurrence of different types of trichomes such that the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the formation and the biological function of trichomes in most plant species remain unexplored. Here, we used Chrysanthemum morifolium as a model plant to explore the regulatory network in trichome formation and terpenoid synthesis and unravel the physical and chemical roles of trichomes in constitutive defense against herbivore feeding. By analyzing the trichome-related genes from transcriptome database of the trichomes-removed leaves and intact leaves, we identified CmMYC2 to positively regulate both development of T-shaped and glandular trichomes as well as the content of terpenoids stored in glandular trichomes. Furthermore, we found that the role of CmMYC2 in trichome formation and terpene synthesis was mediated by interaction with CmMYBML1. Our results reveal a sophisticated molecular mechanism wherein the CmMYC2-CmMYBML1 feedback inhibition loop regulates the formation of trichomes (non-glandular and glandular) and terpene biosynthesis, collectively contributing to the enhanced resistance to Spodoptera litura larvae feeding. Our findings provide new insights into the novel regulatory network by which the plant synchronously regulates trichome density for the physical and chemical defense against herbivory.
{"title":"CmMYC2-CmMYBML1 module orchestrates the resistance to herbivory by synchronously regulating the trichome development and constitutive terpene biosynthesis in Chrysanthemum.","authors":"Yaqin Guan, Li Jiang, You Wang, Guanhua Liu, Jiayi Wu, Hong Luo, Sumei Chen, Fadi Chen, Ülo Niinemets, Feng Chen, Yifan Jiang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trichomes are specialized epidermal outgrowths covering the aerial parts of most terrestrial plants. There is a large species variability in occurrence of different types of trichomes such that the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the formation and the biological function of trichomes in most plant species remain unexplored. Here, we used Chrysanthemum morifolium as a model plant to explore the regulatory network in trichome formation and terpenoid synthesis and unravel the physical and chemical roles of trichomes in constitutive defense against herbivore feeding. By analyzing the trichome-related genes from transcriptome database of the trichomes-removed leaves and intact leaves, we identified CmMYC2 to positively regulate both development of T-shaped and glandular trichomes as well as the content of terpenoids stored in glandular trichomes. Furthermore, we found that the role of CmMYC2 in trichome formation and terpene synthesis was mediated by interaction with CmMYBML1. Our results reveal a sophisticated molecular mechanism wherein the CmMYC2-CmMYBML1 feedback inhibition loop regulates the formation of trichomes (non-glandular and glandular) and terpene biosynthesis, collectively contributing to the enhanced resistance to Spodoptera litura larvae feeding. Our findings provide new insights into the novel regulatory network by which the plant synchronously regulates trichome density for the physical and chemical defense against herbivory.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subclass III sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) are positive regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and abiotic stress responses. However, the underlying activation mechanisms of osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase 8/9/10 (SAPK8/9/10) of rice (Oryza sativa) subclass III SnRK2s in ABA signaling remain to be elucidated. In this study, we employed biochemical, molecular biology, cell biology, and genetic approaches to identify the molecular mechanism by which OsPP47, a type one protein phosphatase in rice, regulates SAPK8/9/10 activity in ABA signaling. We found that OsPP47 not only physically interacted with SAPK8/9/10 but also interacted with ABA receptors PYLs. OsPP47 negatively regulated ABA sensitivity in seed germination and root growth. In the absence of ABA, OsPP47 directly inactivated SAPK8/9/10 by dephosphorylation. In the presence of ABA, ABA-bound OsPYL2 formed complexes with OsPP47 and inhibited its phosphatase activity, partially releasing the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10. SAPK8/9/10-mediated H2O2 production inhibited OsPP47 activity by oxidizing Cys-116 and Cys-256 to form OsPP47 oligomers, resulting in not only preventing the OsPP47-SAPK8/9/10 interaction but also blocking the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10 activity by OsPP47. Our results reveal novel pathways for the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10 in the basal state and for the activation of SAPK8/9/10 induced by ABA in rice.
亚类III蔗糖不发酵1相关蛋白激酶2(SnRK2s)是脱落酸(ABA)信号传导和非生物胁迫反应的正调控因子。然而,水稻(Oryza sativa)III亚类SnRK2s的渗透胁迫/ABA激活蛋白激酶8/9/10(SAPK8/9/10)在ABA信号转导中的潜在激活机制仍有待阐明。在本研究中,我们采用生物化学、分子生物学、细胞生物学和遗传学方法,确定了水稻中的一种蛋白磷酸酶 OsPP47 在 ABA 信号转导中调控 SAPK8/9/10 活性的分子机制。我们发现,OsPP47不仅与SAPK8/9/10有物理作用,还与ABA受体PYLs有相互作用。OsPP47 负向调节种子萌发和根系生长中的 ABA 敏感性。在没有 ABA 的情况下,OsPP47 通过去磷酸化直接使 SAPK8/9/10 失活。在存在 ABA 的情况下,与 ABA 结合的 OsPYL2 与 OsPP47 形成复合物并抑制其磷酸酶活性,从而部分解除对 SAPK8/9/10 的抑制。SAPK8/9/10 介导的 H2O2 生成通过氧化 Cys-116 和 Cys-256 形成 OsPP47 寡聚体来抑制 OsPP47 的活性,结果不仅阻止了 OsPP47-SAPK8/9/10 的相互作用,而且阻断了 OsPP47 对 SAPK8/9/10 活性的抑制。我们的研究结果揭示了水稻在基础状态下抑制 SAPK8/9/10 以及在 ABA 诱导下激活 SAPK8/9/10 的新途径。
{"title":"Abscisic acid-induced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production positively regulates the activity of SAPK8/9/10 through oxidation of the type one protein phosphatase OsPP47.","authors":"Caihua Qin, Xing Fan, Qianqian Fang, Honghua Yu, Lan Ni, Mingyi Jiang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subclass III sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) are positive regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and abiotic stress responses. However, the underlying activation mechanisms of osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase 8/9/10 (SAPK8/9/10) of rice (Oryza sativa) subclass III SnRK2s in ABA signaling remain to be elucidated. In this study, we employed biochemical, molecular biology, cell biology, and genetic approaches to identify the molecular mechanism by which OsPP47, a type one protein phosphatase in rice, regulates SAPK8/9/10 activity in ABA signaling. We found that OsPP47 not only physically interacted with SAPK8/9/10 but also interacted with ABA receptors PYLs. OsPP47 negatively regulated ABA sensitivity in seed germination and root growth. In the absence of ABA, OsPP47 directly inactivated SAPK8/9/10 by dephosphorylation. In the presence of ABA, ABA-bound OsPYL2 formed complexes with OsPP47 and inhibited its phosphatase activity, partially releasing the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10. SAPK8/9/10-mediated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production inhibited OsPP47 activity by oxidizing Cys-116 and Cys-256 to form OsPP47 oligomers, resulting in not only preventing the OsPP47-SAPK8/9/10 interaction but also blocking the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10 activity by OsPP47. Our results reveal novel pathways for the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10 in the basal state and for the activation of SAPK8/9/10 induced by ABA in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought severely affects crop growth and yields. Stomatal regulation plays an important role in plant response to drought stress. Light-activated plasma membrane-localized proton ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) mainly promoted the stomatal opening. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a dominant role in the stomatal closure during drought stress. It is not clear how PM H+-ATPase is involved in the regulation of ABA-induced stomatal closure. We found that a CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE RELATED KINASE 1 (ZmCRK1), and its mutant zmcrk1 exhibited slow water loss in detached leaves, high-survival rate after drought stress, and sensitivity to stomatal closure induced by ABA. The ZmCRK1 overexpression lines are opposite. ZmCRK1 interacted with the maize PM H+-ATPase ZmMHA2. ZmCRK1 phosphorylated ZmMHA2 at the Ser-901 and inhibited its proton pump activity. ZmCRK1 overexpression lines and zmmha2 mutants had low H+-ATPase activity, resulting in impaired ABA-induced H+ efflux. Taken together, our study indicates that ZmCRK1 negatively regulates maize drought stress response by inhibiting the activity of ZmMHA2. Reducing the expression level of ZmCRK1 has the potential to reduce yield losses under water deficiency.
{"title":"ZmCRK1 negatively regulates maize's response to drought stress by phosphorylating plasma membrane H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase ZmMHA2.","authors":"Jinjie Liu, Xi-Dong Li, Dongyun Jia, Liuran Qi, Rufan Jing, Jie Hao, Zhe Wang, Jinkui Cheng, Li-Mei Chen","doi":"10.1111/nph.20093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought severely affects crop growth and yields. Stomatal regulation plays an important role in plant response to drought stress. Light-activated plasma membrane-localized proton ATPase (PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase) mainly promoted the stomatal opening. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a dominant role in the stomatal closure during drought stress. It is not clear how PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase is involved in the regulation of ABA-induced stomatal closure. We found that a CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE RELATED KINASE 1 (ZmCRK1), and its mutant zmcrk1 exhibited slow water loss in detached leaves, high-survival rate after drought stress, and sensitivity to stomatal closure induced by ABA. The ZmCRK1 overexpression lines are opposite. ZmCRK1 interacted with the maize PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase ZmMHA2. ZmCRK1 phosphorylated ZmMHA2 at the Ser-901 and inhibited its proton pump activity. ZmCRK1 overexpression lines and zmmha2 mutants had low H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity, resulting in impaired ABA-induced H<sup>+</sup> efflux. Taken together, our study indicates that ZmCRK1 negatively regulates maize drought stress response by inhibiting the activity of ZmMHA2. Reducing the expression level of ZmCRK1 has the potential to reduce yield losses under water deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruizhen Yang, Huixue Dong, Xianzhi Xie, Yunwei Zhang, Jiaqiang Sun
Although elevated ambient temperature causes many effects on plant growth and development, the mechanisms of plant high-ambient temperature sensing remain unknown. In this study, we show that GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3s (GSK3s) negatively regulate high-ambient temperature response and oligomerize upon high-temperature treatment. We demonstrate that GSK3 kinase BIN2 specifically interacts with the high-temperature sensor phytochrome B (phyB) but not the high-temperature sensor EARLY FLOWER 3 (ELF3) to phosphorylate and promote phyB photobody formation. Furthermore, we show that phosphorylation of phyB by GSK3s promotes its interaction with ELF3. Subsequently, we find that ELF3 recruits the phyB photobody facilitator HEMERA (HMR) to promote its association with phyB. Taken together, our data reveal a mechanism that GSK3s promote the phyB-ELF3-HMR complex formation in regulating plant thermomorphogenesis.
{"title":"GSK3s promote the phyB-ELF3-HMR complex formation to regulate plant thermomorphogenesis.","authors":"Ruizhen Yang, Huixue Dong, Xianzhi Xie, Yunwei Zhang, Jiaqiang Sun","doi":"10.1111/nph.20064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although elevated ambient temperature causes many effects on plant growth and development, the mechanisms of plant high-ambient temperature sensing remain unknown. In this study, we show that GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3s (GSK3s) negatively regulate high-ambient temperature response and oligomerize upon high-temperature treatment. We demonstrate that GSK3 kinase BIN2 specifically interacts with the high-temperature sensor phytochrome B (phyB) but not the high-temperature sensor EARLY FLOWER 3 (ELF3) to phosphorylate and promote phyB photobody formation. Furthermore, we show that phosphorylation of phyB by GSK3s promotes its interaction with ELF3. Subsequently, we find that ELF3 recruits the phyB photobody facilitator HEMERA (HMR) to promote its association with phyB. Taken together, our data reveal a mechanism that GSK3s promote the phyB-ELF3-HMR complex formation in regulating plant thermomorphogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}