Yan Zhao, Xiaojuan Zheng, Xiaojuan Zhang, Wei Wang, Gaihong Cai, Guozhi Bi, She Chen, Chuanqing Sun, Jian-Min Zhou
Surface-localized pattern recognition receptors perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) represents a major PTI response.
Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana PIF3 negatively regulates plant defense gene expression and resistance to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. PAMPs trigger phosphorylation of PIF3. Further study reveals that PIF3 interacts with and is phosphorylated by MPK3/6.
By mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified the corresponding phosphorylation sites which fit for SP motif. We further show that a phospho-mimicking PIF3 variant (PIF36D/pifq) conferred increased susceptibility to P. syringae DC3000 and caused lower levels of defense gene expression in plants.
Together, this study reveals that PIF3 is phosphorylated by MPK3/6 and phosphorylation of the SP motif residues is required for its negative regulation on plant immunity.
{"title":"PIF3 is phosphorylated by MAPK to modulate plant immunity","authors":"Yan Zhao, Xiaojuan Zheng, Xiaojuan Zhang, Wei Wang, Gaihong Cai, Guozhi Bi, She Chen, Chuanqing Sun, Jian-Min Zhou","doi":"10.1111/nph.19139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Surface-localized pattern recognition receptors perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) represents a major PTI response.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Here, we report that <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> PIF3 negatively regulates plant defense gene expression and resistance to <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> DC3000. PAMPs trigger phosphorylation of PIF3. Further study reveals that PIF3 interacts with and is phosphorylated by MPK3/6.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>By mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified the corresponding phosphorylation sites which fit for SP motif. We further show that a phospho-mimicking PIF3 variant (PIF3<sup>6D</sup>/<i>pifq</i>) conferred increased susceptibility to <i>P</i>. <i>syringae</i> DC3000 and caused lower levels of defense gene expression in plants.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Together, this study reveals that PIF3 is phosphorylated by MPK3/6 and phosphorylation of the SP motif residues is required for its negative regulation on plant immunity.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"240 1","pages":"372-381"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6239078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth J. Davidson, Julien Lamour, Anna McPherran, Alistair Rogers, Shawn P. Serbin
Vegetative transpiration (E) and photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A) are known to be seasonally dynamic, with changes in their ratio determining the marginal water use efficiency (WUE). Despite an understanding that stomata play a mechanistic role in regulating WUE, it is still unclear how stomatal and nonstomatal processes influence change in WUE over the course of the growing season. As a result, limited understanding of the primary physiological drivers of seasonal dynamics of canopy WUE remains one of the largest uncertainties in earth system model projections of carbon and water exchange in temperate deciduous forest ecosystems.
We investigated seasonal patterns in leaf-level physiological, hydraulic, and anatomical properties, including the seasonal progress of the stomatal slope parameter (g1; inversely proportional to WUE) and the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax).
Vcmax and g1 were seasonally variable; however, their patterns were not temporally synchronized. g1 generally showed an increasing trend until late in the season, while Vcmax peaked during the midsummer months. Seasonal progression of Vcmax was primarily driven by changes in leaf structural, and anatomical characteristics, while seasonal changes in g1 were most strongly related to changes in Vcmax and leaf hydraulics.
Using a seasonally variable Vcmax and g1 to parameterize a canopy-scale gas exchange model increased seasonally aggregated A and E by 3% and 16%, respectively.
{"title":"Seasonal trends in leaf-level photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency in a North American Eastern deciduous forest and their impact on canopy-scale gas exchange","authors":"Kenneth J. Davidson, Julien Lamour, Anna McPherran, Alistair Rogers, Shawn P. Serbin","doi":"10.1111/nph.19137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Vegetative transpiration (<i>E</i>) and photosynthetic carbon assimilation (<i>A</i>) are known to be seasonally dynamic, with changes in their ratio determining the marginal water use efficiency (WUE). Despite an understanding that stomata play a mechanistic role in regulating WUE, it is still unclear how stomatal and nonstomatal processes influence change in WUE over the course of the growing season. As a result, limited understanding of the primary physiological drivers of seasonal dynamics of canopy WUE remains one of the largest uncertainties in earth system model projections of carbon and water exchange in temperate deciduous forest ecosystems.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We investigated seasonal patterns in leaf-level physiological, hydraulic, and anatomical properties, including the seasonal progress of the stomatal slope parameter (<i>g</i><sub>1</sub>; inversely proportional to WUE) and the maximum carboxylation rate (<i>V</i><sub>cmax</sub>).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li><i>V</i><sub>cmax</sub> and <i>g</i><sub>1</sub> were seasonally variable; however, their patterns were not temporally synchronized. <i>g</i><sub>1</sub> generally showed an increasing trend until late in the season, while <i>V</i><sub>cmax</sub> peaked during the midsummer months. Seasonal progression of <i>V</i><sub>cmax</sub> was primarily driven by changes in leaf structural, and anatomical characteristics, while seasonal changes in <i>g</i><sub>1</sub> were most strongly related to changes in <i>V</i><sub>cmax</sub> and leaf hydraulics.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Using a seasonally variable <i>V</i><sub>cmax</sub> and <i>g</i><sub>1</sub> to parameterize a canopy-scale gas exchange model increased seasonally aggregated <i>A</i> and <i>E</i> by 3% and 16%, respectively.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"240 1","pages":"138-156"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5732716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petr Py?ek, Magdalena Lu?anová, Wayne Dawson, Franz Essl, Holger Kreft, Ilia J. Leitch, Bernd Lenzner, Laura A. Meyerson, Jan Pergl, Mark van Kleunen, Patrick Weigelt, Marten Winter, Wen-Yong Guo
{"title":"Small genome size and variation in ploidy levels support the naturalization of vascular plants but constrain their invasive spread","authors":"Petr Py?ek, Magdalena Lu?anová, Wayne Dawson, Franz Essl, Holger Kreft, Ilia J. Leitch, Bernd Lenzner, Laura A. Meyerson, Jan Pergl, Mark van Kleunen, Patrick Weigelt, Marten Winter, Wen-Yong Guo","doi":"10.1111/nph.19135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19135","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"239 6","pages":"2389-2403"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.19135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6207886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiachen Yuan, Xingxing Liu, Hang Zhao, Ye Wang, Xi Wei, Peng Wang, Jingjing Zhan, Lisen Liu, Fuguang Li, Xiaoyang Ge
Plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a multifactorial developmental process where embryos that can develop into whole plants are produced from somatic cells rather than through the fusion of gametes. The molecular regulation of plant SE, which involves the fate transition of somatic cells into embryogenic cells, is intriguing yet remains elusive.
We deciphered the molecular mechanisms by which GhRCD1 interacts with GhMYC3 to regulate cell fate transitions during SE in cotton. While silencing of GhMYC3 had no discernible effect on SE, its overexpression accelerated callus formation, and proliferation.
We identified two of GhMYC3 downstream SE regulators, GhMYB44 and GhLBD18. GhMYB44 overexpression was unconducive to callus growth but bolstered EC differentiation. However, GhLBD18 can be triggered by GhMYC3 but inhibited by GhMYB44, which positively regulates callus growth. On top of the regulatory cascade, GhRCD1 antagonistically interacts with GhMYC3 to inhibit the transcriptional function of GhMYC3 on GhMYB44 and GhLBD18, whereby a CRISPR-mediated rcd1 mutation expedites cell fate transition, resembling the effects of GhMYC3 overexpression. Furthermore, we showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in SE regulation.
Our findings elucidated that SE homeostasis is maintained by the tetrapartite module, GhRCD1–GhMYC3–GhMYB44–GhLBD18, which acts to modulate intracellular ROS in a temporal manner.
{"title":"GhRCD1 regulates cotton somatic embryogenesis by modulating the GhMYC3–GhMYB44–GhLBD18 transcriptional cascade","authors":"Jiachen Yuan, Xingxing Liu, Hang Zhao, Ye Wang, Xi Wei, Peng Wang, Jingjing Zhan, Lisen Liu, Fuguang Li, Xiaoyang Ge","doi":"10.1111/nph.19120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a multifactorial developmental process where embryos that can develop into whole plants are produced from somatic cells rather than through the fusion of gametes. The molecular regulation of plant SE, which involves the fate transition of somatic cells into embryogenic cells, is intriguing yet remains elusive.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We deciphered the molecular mechanisms by which GhRCD1 interacts with GhMYC3 to regulate cell fate transitions during SE in cotton. While silencing of <i>GhMYC3</i> had no discernible effect on SE, its overexpression accelerated callus formation, and proliferation.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We identified two of GhMYC3 downstream SE regulators, <i>GhMYB44</i> and <i>GhLBD18</i>. <i>GhMYB44</i> overexpression was unconducive to callus growth but bolstered EC differentiation. However, <i>GhLBD18</i> can be triggered by GhMYC3 but inhibited by GhMYB44, which positively regulates callus growth. On top of the regulatory cascade, GhRCD1 antagonistically interacts with GhMYC3 to inhibit the transcriptional function of GhMYC3 on <i>GhMYB44</i> and <i>GhLBD18</i>, whereby a CRISPR-mediated <i>rcd1</i> mutation expedites cell fate transition, resembling the effects of <i>GhMYC3</i> overexpression. Furthermore, we showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in SE regulation.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Our findings elucidated that SE homeostasis is maintained by the tetrapartite module, GhRCD1–GhMYC3–GhMYB44–GhLBD18, which acts to modulate intracellular ROS in a temporal manner.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"240 1","pages":"207-223"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5641094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mostafa Javadian, Russell L. Scott, Joel A. Biederman, Fangyue Zhang, Joshua B. Fisher, Sasha C. Reed, Daniel L. Potts, Miguel L. Villarreal, Andrew F. Feldman, William K. Smith
Drylands of the southwestern United States are rapidly warming, and rainfall is becoming less frequent and more intense, with major yet poorly understood implications for ecosystem structure and function. Thermography-based estimates of plant temperature can be integrated with air temperature to infer changes in plant physiology and response to climate change. However, very few studies have evaluated plant temperature dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution in rainfall pulse-driven dryland ecosystems.
We address this gap by incorporating high-frequency thermal imaging into a field-based precipitation manipulation experiment in a semi-arid grassland to investigate the impacts of rainfall temporal repackaging.
All other factors held constant, we found that fewer/larger precipitation events led to cooler plant temperatures (1.4°C) compared to that of many/smaller precipitation events. Perennials, in particular, were 2.5°C cooler than annuals under the fewest/largest treatment.
We show these patterns were driven by: increased and consistent soil moisture availability in the deeper soil layers in the fewest/largest treatment; and deeper roots of perennials providing access to deeper plant available water. Our findings highlight the potential for high spatiotemporal resolution thermography to quantify the differential sensitivity of plant functional groups to soil water availability. Detecting these sensitivities is vital to understanding the ecohydrological implications of hydroclimate change.
{"title":"Thermography captures the differential sensitivity of dryland functional types to changes in rainfall event timing and magnitude","authors":"Mostafa Javadian, Russell L. Scott, Joel A. Biederman, Fangyue Zhang, Joshua B. Fisher, Sasha C. Reed, Daniel L. Potts, Miguel L. Villarreal, Andrew F. Feldman, William K. Smith","doi":"10.1111/nph.19127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19127","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Drylands of the southwestern United States are rapidly warming, and rainfall is becoming less frequent and more intense, with major yet poorly understood implications for ecosystem structure and function. Thermography-based estimates of plant temperature can be integrated with air temperature to infer changes in plant physiology and response to climate change. However, very few studies have evaluated plant temperature dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution in rainfall pulse-driven dryland ecosystems.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We address this gap by incorporating high-frequency thermal imaging into a field-based precipitation manipulation experiment in a semi-arid grassland to investigate the impacts of rainfall temporal repackaging.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>All other factors held constant, we found that fewer/larger precipitation events led to cooler plant temperatures (1.4°C) compared to that of many/smaller precipitation events. Perennials, in particular, were 2.5°C cooler than annuals under the fewest/largest treatment.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We show these patterns were driven by: increased and consistent soil moisture availability in the deeper soil layers in the fewest/largest treatment; and deeper roots of perennials providing access to deeper plant available water. Our findings highlight the potential for high spatiotemporal resolution thermography to quantify the differential sensitivity of plant functional groups to soil water availability. Detecting these sensitivities is vital to understanding the ecohydrological implications of hydroclimate change.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"240 1","pages":"114-126"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6091655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All plants are electrically excitable, but only few are known to fire a well-defined, all-or-nothing action potential (AP). The Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula displays APs with an extraordinarily high firing frequency and speed, enabling the capture organ of this carnivorous plant to catch small animals as fast as flies. The number of APs triggered by the prey is counted and serves as the basis for decisions within the flytrap's hunting cycle. The archetypical Dionaea AP lasts 1 s and consists of five phases: Starting from the resting state, an initial cytosolic Ca2+ transient is followed by depolarization, repolarization and a transient hyperpolarization (overshoot) before the original membrane potential is finally recovered. When the flytrap matures and becomes excitable, a distinct set of ion channels, pumps and carriers is expressed, each mastering a distinct AP phase.
{"title":"Demystifying the Venus flytrap action potential","authors":"Rainer Hedrich, Ines Kreuzer","doi":"10.1111/nph.19113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>All plants are electrically excitable, but only few are known to fire a well-defined, all-or-nothing action potential (AP). The Venus flytrap <i>Dionaea muscipula</i> displays APs with an extraordinarily high firing frequency and speed, enabling the capture organ of this carnivorous plant to catch small animals as fast as flies. The number of APs triggered by the prey is counted and serves as the basis for decisions within the flytrap's hunting cycle. The archetypical Dionaea AP lasts 1 s and consists of five phases: Starting from the resting state, an initial cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> transient is followed by depolarization, repolarization and a transient hyperpolarization (overshoot) before the original membrane potential is finally recovered. When the flytrap matures and becomes excitable, a distinct set of ion channels, pumps and carriers is expressed, each mastering a distinct AP phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"239 6","pages":"2108-2112"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.19113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6078084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorna McAusland, Liana G. Acevedo-Siaca, R. Suzuky Pinto, Francisco Pinto, Gemma Molero, Jaime Garatuza-Payan, Matthew P. Reynolds, Erik H. Murchie, Enrico A. Yepez
{"title":"Night-time warming in the field reduces nocturnal stomatal conductance and grain yield but does not alter daytime physiological responses","authors":"Lorna McAusland, Liana G. Acevedo-Siaca, R. Suzuky Pinto, Francisco Pinto, Gemma Molero, Jaime Garatuza-Payan, Matthew P. Reynolds, Erik H. Murchie, Enrico A. Yepez","doi":"10.1111/nph.19075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"239 5","pages":"1622-1636"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.19075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6078077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lara Esch, Qi Yang Ngai, J. Elaine Barclay, Rose McNelly, Sadiye Hayta, Mark A. Smedley, Alison M. Smith, David Seung
{"title":"Increasing amyloplast size in wheat endosperm through mutation of PARC6 affects starch granule morphology","authors":"Lara Esch, Qi Yang Ngai, J. Elaine Barclay, Rose McNelly, Sadiye Hayta, Mark A. Smedley, Alison M. Smith, David Seung","doi":"10.1111/nph.19118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"240 1","pages":"224-241"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.19118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5794172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meiotic crossovers ensure accurate chromosome segregation and increase genetic diversity. RAD51C and RAD51D play an early role in facilitating RAD51 during homologous recombination. However, their later function in meiosis is largely unknown in plants.
Here, through targeted disruption of RAD51C and RAD51D, we generated three new mutants and revealed their later meiotic role in crossover maturation.
The rad51c-3 and rad51d-4 mutants showed a mixture of bivalents and univalents and no chromosomal entanglements, whereas rad51d-5 exhibited an intermediate phenotype with reduced chromosomal entanglements and increased bivalent formation compared with knockout alleles. Comparisons of RAD51 loadings and chromosomal entanglements in these single mutants, rad51c-3 rad51d-4, rad51c-3 dmc1a dmc1b, and rad51d-4 dmc1a dmc1b suggest that the retained level of RAD51 in mutants is required for uncovering their function in crossover formation. Reductions in chiasma frequency and later HEI10 foci in these mutants support that crossover maturation requires RAD51C and RAD51D. Moreover, interaction between RAD51D and MSH5 indicates that RAD51 paralogs may cooperate with MSH5 to ensure accurate Holliday junction processing into crossover products.
This finding of the role of RAD51 paralogs in crossover control may be conserved from mammals to plants and advances our current understanding of these proteins.
{"title":"RAD51C-RAD51D interplays with MSH5 and regulates crossover maturation in rice meiosis","authors":"Fanfan Zhang, Wenqing Shi, Yue Zhou, Lijun Ma, Yongjie Miao, Na Mu, Haiyun Ren, Zhukuan Cheng","doi":"10.1111/nph.19095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Meiotic crossovers ensure accurate chromosome segregation and increase genetic diversity. RAD51C and RAD51D play an early role in facilitating RAD51 during homologous recombination. However, their later function in meiosis is largely unknown in plants.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Here, through targeted disruption of <i>RAD51C</i> and <i>RAD51D</i>, we generated three new mutants and revealed their later meiotic role in crossover maturation.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>The <i>rad51c-3</i> and <i>rad51d-4</i> mutants showed a mixture of bivalents and univalents and no chromosomal entanglements, whereas <i>rad51d-5</i> exhibited an intermediate phenotype with reduced chromosomal entanglements and increased bivalent formation compared with knockout alleles. Comparisons of RAD51 loadings and chromosomal entanglements in these single mutants, <i>rad51c-3 rad51d-4</i>, <i>rad51c-3 dmc1a dmc1b</i>, and <i>rad51d-4 dmc1a dmc1b</i> suggest that the retained level of RAD51 in mutants is required for uncovering their function in crossover formation. Reductions in chiasma frequency and later HEI10 foci in these mutants support that crossover maturation requires RAD51C and RAD51D. Moreover, interaction between RAD51D and MSH5 indicates that RAD51 paralogs may cooperate with MSH5 to ensure accurate Holliday junction processing into crossover products.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>This finding of the role of RAD51 paralogs in crossover control may be conserved from mammals to plants and advances our current understanding of these proteins.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"239 5","pages":"1790-1803"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6078078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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