Chunyan Lu, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Mark A K Gillespie, Robert D Hollister, Eric Post, Elisabeth J Cooper, Jeffrey M Welker, Yixuan Huang, Xueting Min, Jianghui Chen, Ingibjörg Svala Jónsdóttir, Marguerite Mauritz, Nicoletta Cannone, Susan M Natali, Edward Schuur, Ulf Molau, Tao Yan, Hao Wang, Jin-Sheng He, Huiying Liu
Plant phenology, the timing of recurrent biological events, shows key and complex response to climate warming, with consequences for ecosystem functions and services. A key challenge for predicting plant phenology under future climates is to determine whether the phenological changes will persist with more intensive and long-term warming. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of 103 experimental warming studies around the globe to investigate the responses of four phenophases - leaf-out, first flowering, last flowering, and leaf coloring. We showed that warming advanced leaf-out and flowering but delayed leaf coloring across herbaceous and woody plants. As the magnitude of warming increased, the response of most plant phenophases gradually leveled off for herbaceous plants, while phenology responded in proportion to warming in woody plants. We also found that the experimental effects of warming on plant phenology diminished over time across all phenophases. Specifically, the rate of changes in first flowering for herbaceous species, as well as leaf-out and leaf coloring for woody species, decreased as the experimental duration extended. Together, these results suggest that the real-world impact of global warming on plant phenology will diminish over time as temperatures continue to increase.
{"title":"Diminishing warming effects on plant phenology over time.","authors":"Chunyan Lu, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Mark A K Gillespie, Robert D Hollister, Eric Post, Elisabeth J Cooper, Jeffrey M Welker, Yixuan Huang, Xueting Min, Jianghui Chen, Ingibjörg Svala Jónsdóttir, Marguerite Mauritz, Nicoletta Cannone, Susan M Natali, Edward Schuur, Ulf Molau, Tao Yan, Hao Wang, Jin-Sheng He, Huiying Liu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant phenology, the timing of recurrent biological events, shows key and complex response to climate warming, with consequences for ecosystem functions and services. A key challenge for predicting plant phenology under future climates is to determine whether the phenological changes will persist with more intensive and long-term warming. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of 103 experimental warming studies around the globe to investigate the responses of four phenophases - leaf-out, first flowering, last flowering, and leaf coloring. We showed that warming advanced leaf-out and flowering but delayed leaf coloring across herbaceous and woody plants. As the magnitude of warming increased, the response of most plant phenophases gradually leveled off for herbaceous plants, while phenology responded in proportion to warming in woody plants. We also found that the experimental effects of warming on plant phenology diminished over time across all phenophases. Specifically, the rate of changes in first flowering for herbaceous species, as well as leaf-out and leaf coloring for woody species, decreased as the experimental duration extended. Together, these results suggest that the real-world impact of global warming on plant phenology will diminish over time as temperatures continue to increase.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new START.","authors":"Michael Palmgren, Rosa Laura López-Marqués","doi":"10.1111/nph.20010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fuai Sun, Natalie Hamada, Christian Montes, Yuanyuan Li, Nathan D Meier, Justin W Walley, Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar, Nitzan Shabek
{"title":"TurboID-based proteomic profiling reveals proxitome of ASK1 and CUL1 of the SCF ubiquitin ligase in plants.","authors":"Fuai Sun, Natalie Hamada, Christian Montes, Yuanyuan Li, Nathan D Meier, Justin W Walley, Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar, Nitzan Shabek","doi":"10.1111/nph.20014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ju Yun, Inhye Lee, Jae Ho Lee, Seonghwan Kim, Su Hyun Jung, Sung Aeong Oh, Jiyoun Lee, Soon Ki Park, Moon-Soo Soh, Yuree Lee, June M Kwak
Abscission is the shedding of plant organs in response to developmental and environmental cues. Abscission involves cell separation between two neighboring cell types, residuum cells (RECs) and secession cells (SECs) in the floral abscission zone (AZ) in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind the spatial determination that governs cell separation are largely unknown. The class I KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factor BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP) negatively regulates AZ cell size and number in Arabidopsis. To identify new players participating in abscission, we performed a genetic screen by activation tagging a weak complementation line of bp-3. We identified the mutant ebp1 (enhancer of BP1) displaying delayed floral organ abscission. The ebp1 mutant showed a concaved surface in SECs and abnormally stacked cells on the top of RECs, in contrast to the precisely separated surface in the wild-type. Molecular and histological analyses revealed that the transcriptional programming during cell differentiation in the AZ is compromised in ebp1. The SECs of ebp1 have acquired REC-like properties, including cuticle formation and superoxide production. We show that SEPARATION AFFECTING RNA-BINDING PROTEIN1 (SARP1) is upregulated in ebp1 and plays a role in the establishment of the cell separation layer during floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis.
{"title":"The single RRM domain-containing protein SARP1 is required for establishment of the separation zone in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Ju Yun, Inhye Lee, Jae Ho Lee, Seonghwan Kim, Su Hyun Jung, Sung Aeong Oh, Jiyoun Lee, Soon Ki Park, Moon-Soo Soh, Yuree Lee, June M Kwak","doi":"10.1111/nph.19997","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.19997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abscission is the shedding of plant organs in response to developmental and environmental cues. Abscission involves cell separation between two neighboring cell types, residuum cells (RECs) and secession cells (SECs) in the floral abscission zone (AZ) in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind the spatial determination that governs cell separation are largely unknown. The class I KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factor BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP) negatively regulates AZ cell size and number in Arabidopsis. To identify new players participating in abscission, we performed a genetic screen by activation tagging a weak complementation line of bp-3. We identified the mutant ebp1 (enhancer of BP1) displaying delayed floral organ abscission. The ebp1 mutant showed a concaved surface in SECs and abnormally stacked cells on the top of RECs, in contrast to the precisely separated surface in the wild-type. Molecular and histological analyses revealed that the transcriptional programming during cell differentiation in the AZ is compromised in ebp1. The SECs of ebp1 have acquired REC-like properties, including cuticle formation and superoxide production. We show that SEPARATION AFFECTING RNA-BINDING PROTEIN1 (SARP1) is upregulated in ebp1 and plays a role in the establishment of the cell separation layer during floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ALMT1 transporter aids malate secretion, chelating Al3+ ions to form nontoxic Al-malate complexes, believed to exclude Al from the roots. However, the extent to which malate secreted by ALMT1 is solely used for the exclusion of Al3+ or can be reutilized by plant roots for internal Al tolerance remains uncertain. In our investigation, we explored the impact of malate secretion on both external and internal Al resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, we delved into the mechanism by which the tonoplast-localized bacterial-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex STAR1/ALS3 promotes the degradation of the Al resistance transcription factor STOP1 to regulate ALMT1 expression. Our study demonstrates that the level of secreted malate influences whether the Al-malate complex is excluded from the roots or transported into root cells. The nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP) subfamily members NIP1;1 and NIP1;2, located in the plasma membrane, coordinate with STAR1/ALS3 to facilitate Al-malate transport from root apoplasm to the symplasm and eventually to the vacuoles for the internal Al detoxification. ALS3-dependent STAR1 interacts with and promotes the degradation of STOP1, regulating malate exudation. Our findings demonstrate the dual roles of malate exudation in external Al exclusion and Al absorption for internal Al detoxification.
{"title":"Modulation of external and internal aluminum resistance by ALS3-dependent STAR1-mediated promotion of STOP1 degradation.","authors":"Ni Fan, Xinbo Li, Wenxiang Xie, Xiang Wei, Qiu Fang, Jingyi Xu, Chao-Feng Huang","doi":"10.1111/nph.19985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ALMT1 transporter aids malate secretion, chelating Al<sup>3+</sup> ions to form nontoxic Al-malate complexes, believed to exclude Al from the roots. However, the extent to which malate secreted by ALMT1 is solely used for the exclusion of Al<sup>3+</sup> or can be reutilized by plant roots for internal Al tolerance remains uncertain. In our investigation, we explored the impact of malate secretion on both external and internal Al resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, we delved into the mechanism by which the tonoplast-localized bacterial-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex STAR1/ALS3 promotes the degradation of the Al resistance transcription factor STOP1 to regulate ALMT1 expression. Our study demonstrates that the level of secreted malate influences whether the Al-malate complex is excluded from the roots or transported into root cells. The nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP) subfamily members NIP1;1 and NIP1;2, located in the plasma membrane, coordinate with STAR1/ALS3 to facilitate Al-malate transport from root apoplasm to the symplasm and eventually to the vacuoles for the internal Al detoxification. ALS3-dependent STAR1 interacts with and promotes the degradation of STOP1, regulating malate exudation. Our findings demonstrate the dual roles of malate exudation in external Al exclusion and Al absorption for internal Al detoxification.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shubham S Chhajed, Ian J Wright, Oscar Perez-Priego
Co-occurring plants show wide variation in their hydraulic and photosynthetic traits. Here, we extended 'least-cost' optimality theory to derive predictions for how variation in key hydraulic traits potentially affects the cost of acquiring and using water in photosynthesis and how this, in turn, should drive variation in photosynthetic traits. We tested these ideas across 18 woody species at a temperate woodland in eastern Australia, focusing on hydraulic traits representing different aspects of plant water balance, that is storage (sapwood capacitance, CS), demand vs supply (branch leaf : sapwood area ratio, AL : AS and leaf : sapwood mass ratio and ML : MS), access to soil water (proxied by predawn leaf water potential, ΨPD) and physical strength (sapwood density, WD). Species with higher AL : AS had higher ratio of leaf-internal to ambient CO2 concentration during photosynthesis (ci : ca), a trait central to the least-cost theory framework. CS and the daily operating range of tissue water potential (∆Ψ) had an interactive effect on ci : ca. CS, WD and ΨPD were significantly correlated with each other. These results, along with those from multivariate analyses, underscored the pivotal role leaf : sapwood allocation (AL : AS), and water storage (CS) play in coordination between plant hydraulic and photosynthetic systems. This study uniquely explored the role of hydraulic traits in predicting species-specific photosynthetic variation based on optimality theory and highlights important mechanistic links within the plant carbon-water balance.
共生植物的水力和光合特性差异很大。在这里,我们扩展了 "最低成本 "最优理论,以预测关键水力特征的变化如何潜在地影响光合作用中获取和使用水分的成本,以及这反过来又如何驱动光合作用特征的变化。我们对澳大利亚东部温带林地的 18 种木本植物进行了测试,重点研究了代表植物水分平衡不同方面的水力特征,即储水(边材电容,CS)、供求(枝叶与边材面积比,AL :AS和叶:边材质量比以及ML :MS)、对土壤水分的获取(以黎明前叶片水势ΨPD 表示)和物理强度(边材密度 WD)。AL :AS较高的物种在光合作用期间叶片内部与环境二氧化碳浓度之比(ci : ca)较高,这是最低成本理论框架的核心特征。CS 和组织水势(ΔΨ)的日工作范围对 ci : ca 有交互影响。CS、WD 和 ΨPD 之间存在显著的相关性。这些结果以及多元分析的结果都强调了叶片:边材分配(AL:AS)和储水(CS)在植物水力和光合系统协调中的关键作用。这项研究以最优性理论为基础,独特地探讨了水力特征在预测物种光合作用特异性变化中的作用,并强调了植物碳水平衡中的重要机理联系。
{"title":"Theory and tests for coordination among hydraulic and photosynthetic traits in co-occurring woody species.","authors":"Shubham S Chhajed, Ian J Wright, Oscar Perez-Priego","doi":"10.1111/nph.19987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Co-occurring plants show wide variation in their hydraulic and photosynthetic traits. Here, we extended 'least-cost' optimality theory to derive predictions for how variation in key hydraulic traits potentially affects the cost of acquiring and using water in photosynthesis and how this, in turn, should drive variation in photosynthetic traits. We tested these ideas across 18 woody species at a temperate woodland in eastern Australia, focusing on hydraulic traits representing different aspects of plant water balance, that is storage (sapwood capacitance, C<sub>S</sub>), demand vs supply (branch leaf : sapwood area ratio, A<sub>L</sub> : A<sub>S</sub> and leaf : sapwood mass ratio and M<sub>L</sub> : M<sub>S</sub>), access to soil water (proxied by predawn leaf water potential, Ψ<sub>PD</sub>) and physical strength (sapwood density, WD). Species with higher A<sub>L</sub> : A<sub>S</sub> had higher ratio of leaf-internal to ambient CO<sub>2</sub> concentration during photosynthesis (c<sub>i</sub> : c<sub>a</sub>), a trait central to the least-cost theory framework. C<sub>S</sub> and the daily operating range of tissue water potential (∆Ψ) had an interactive effect on c<sub>i</sub> : c<sub>a</sub>. C<sub>S</sub>, WD and Ψ<sub>PD</sub> were significantly correlated with each other. These results, along with those from multivariate analyses, underscored the pivotal role leaf : sapwood allocation (A<sub>L</sub> : A<sub>S</sub>), and water storage (C<sub>S</sub>) play in coordination between plant hydraulic and photosynthetic systems. This study uniquely explored the role of hydraulic traits in predicting species-specific photosynthetic variation based on optimality theory and highlights important mechanistic links within the plant carbon-water balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hardy Rolletschek, Aleksandra Muszynska, Jörg Schwender, Volodymyr Radchuk, Björn Heinemann, Alexander Hilo, Iaroslav Plutenko, Peter Keil, Stefan Ortleb, Steffen Wagner, Laura Kalms, André Gündel, Hai Shi, Jörg Fuchs, Jedrzej Jakub Szymanski, Hans-Peter Braun, Ljudmilla Borisjuk
The initial free expansion of the embryo within a seed is at some point inhibited by its contact with the testa, resulting in its formation of folds and borders. Although less obvious, mechanical forces appear to trigger and accelerate seed maturation. However, the mechanistic basis for this effect remains unclear. Manipulation of the mechanical constraints affecting either the in vivo or in vitro growth of oilseed rape embryos was combined with analytical approaches, including magnetic resonance imaging and computer graphic reconstruction, immunolabelling, flow cytometry, transcriptomic, proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic profiling. Our data implied that, in vivo, the imposition of mechanical restraints impeded the expansion of testa and endosperm, resulting in the embryo's deformation. An acceleration in embryonic development was implied by the cessation of cell proliferation and the stimulation of lipid and protein storage, characteristic of embryo maturation. The underlying molecular signature included elements of cell cycle control, reactive oxygen species metabolism and transcriptional reprogramming, along with allosteric control of glycolytic flux. Constricting the space allowed for the expansion of in vitro grown embryos induced a similar response. The conclusion is that the imposition of mechanical constraints over the growth of the developing oilseed rape embryo provides an important trigger for its maturation.
{"title":"Mechanical forces orchestrate the metabolism of the developing oilseed rape embryo.","authors":"Hardy Rolletschek, Aleksandra Muszynska, Jörg Schwender, Volodymyr Radchuk, Björn Heinemann, Alexander Hilo, Iaroslav Plutenko, Peter Keil, Stefan Ortleb, Steffen Wagner, Laura Kalms, André Gündel, Hai Shi, Jörg Fuchs, Jedrzej Jakub Szymanski, Hans-Peter Braun, Ljudmilla Borisjuk","doi":"10.1111/nph.19990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The initial free expansion of the embryo within a seed is at some point inhibited by its contact with the testa, resulting in its formation of folds and borders. Although less obvious, mechanical forces appear to trigger and accelerate seed maturation. However, the mechanistic basis for this effect remains unclear. Manipulation of the mechanical constraints affecting either the in vivo or in vitro growth of oilseed rape embryos was combined with analytical approaches, including magnetic resonance imaging and computer graphic reconstruction, immunolabelling, flow cytometry, transcriptomic, proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic profiling. Our data implied that, in vivo, the imposition of mechanical restraints impeded the expansion of testa and endosperm, resulting in the embryo's deformation. An acceleration in embryonic development was implied by the cessation of cell proliferation and the stimulation of lipid and protein storage, characteristic of embryo maturation. The underlying molecular signature included elements of cell cycle control, reactive oxygen species metabolism and transcriptional reprogramming, along with allosteric control of glycolytic flux. Constricting the space allowed for the expansion of in vitro grown embryos induced a similar response. The conclusion is that the imposition of mechanical constraints over the growth of the developing oilseed rape embryo provides an important trigger for its maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feiyang Xue, Jie Zhang, Di Wu, Shiyu Sun, Ming Fu, Jie Wang, Iain Searle, Hongbo Gao, Wanqi Liang
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is the most prevalent messenger RNA (mRNA) modification in eukaryotes and plays critical roles in the regulation of gene expression. m6A is a reversible RNA modification that is deposited by methyltransferases (writers) and removed by demethylases (erasers). The function of m6A erasers in plants is highly diversified and their roles in cereal crops, especially in reproductive development essential for crop yield, are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that rice OsALKBH5 acts as an m6A demethylase required for the normal progression of male meiosis. OsALKBH5 is a nucleo-cytoplasmic protein, highly enriched in rice anthers during meiosis, that associates with P-bodies and exon junction complexes, suggesting that it is involved in regulating mRNA processing and abundance. Mutations of OsALKBH5 cause reduced double-strand break (DSB) formation, severe defects in DSB repair, and delayed meiotic progression, leading to complete male sterility. Transcriptome analysis and m6A profiling indicate that OsALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation stabilizes the mRNA level of multiple meiotic genes directly or indirectly, including several genes that regulate DSB formation and repair. Our study reveals the indispensable role of m6A metabolism in post-transcriptional regulation of meiotic progression in rice.
{"title":"m<sup>6</sup>A demethylase OsALKBH5 is required for double-strand break formation and repair by affecting mRNA stability in rice meiosis.","authors":"Feiyang Xue, Jie Zhang, Di Wu, Shiyu Sun, Ming Fu, Jie Wang, Iain Searle, Hongbo Gao, Wanqi Liang","doi":"10.1111/nph.19976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) RNA modification is the most prevalent messenger RNA (mRNA) modification in eukaryotes and plays critical roles in the regulation of gene expression. m<sup>6</sup>A is a reversible RNA modification that is deposited by methyltransferases (writers) and removed by demethylases (erasers). The function of m<sup>6</sup>A erasers in plants is highly diversified and their roles in cereal crops, especially in reproductive development essential for crop yield, are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that rice OsALKBH5 acts as an m<sup>6</sup>A demethylase required for the normal progression of male meiosis. OsALKBH5 is a nucleo-cytoplasmic protein, highly enriched in rice anthers during meiosis, that associates with P-bodies and exon junction complexes, suggesting that it is involved in regulating mRNA processing and abundance. Mutations of OsALKBH5 cause reduced double-strand break (DSB) formation, severe defects in DSB repair, and delayed meiotic progression, leading to complete male sterility. Transcriptome analysis and m<sup>6</sup>A profiling indicate that OsALKBH5-mediated m<sup>6</sup>A demethylation stabilizes the mRNA level of multiple meiotic genes directly or indirectly, including several genes that regulate DSB formation and repair. Our study reveals the indispensable role of m<sup>6</sup>A metabolism in post-transcriptional regulation of meiotic progression in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer Blake-Mahmud, Emily B Sessa, Clayton J Visger, James E Watkins
Climate change is rapidly altering natural habitats and generating complex patterns of environmental stress. Ferns are major components of many forest understories and, given their independent gametophyte generation, may experience unique pressures in emerging temperature and drought regimes. Polyploidy is widespread in ferns and may provide a selective advantage in these rapidly changing environments. This work aimed to understand whether the gametophytes of allopolyploid ferns respond differently to climate-related physiological stress than their diploid parents. The experimental approach involved a multifactorial design with 27 treatment combinations including exposure to multiple levels of drought and temperature over three treatment durations, with recovery measured at multiple timepoints. We measured Chl fluorescence from over 2000 gametophytes to evaluate stress avoidance and tolerance in diploid and polyploid species. Polyploids generally showed a greater ability to avoid and/or tolerate a range of stress conditions compared with their diploid counterparts, suggesting that polyploidy may confer enhanced flexibility and resilience under climate stress. Overall, these results suggest that polyploidy may provide some resilience to climate change in mixed ploidy populations. However, all species remain susceptible to the impacts of extreme drought and heat stress.
{"title":"Polyploidy and environmental stress response: a comparative study of fern gametophytes.","authors":"Jennifer Blake-Mahmud, Emily B Sessa, Clayton J Visger, James E Watkins","doi":"10.1111/nph.19969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is rapidly altering natural habitats and generating complex patterns of environmental stress. Ferns are major components of many forest understories and, given their independent gametophyte generation, may experience unique pressures in emerging temperature and drought regimes. Polyploidy is widespread in ferns and may provide a selective advantage in these rapidly changing environments. This work aimed to understand whether the gametophytes of allopolyploid ferns respond differently to climate-related physiological stress than their diploid parents. The experimental approach involved a multifactorial design with 27 treatment combinations including exposure to multiple levels of drought and temperature over three treatment durations, with recovery measured at multiple timepoints. We measured Chl fluorescence from over 2000 gametophytes to evaluate stress avoidance and tolerance in diploid and polyploid species. Polyploids generally showed a greater ability to avoid and/or tolerate a range of stress conditions compared with their diploid counterparts, suggesting that polyploidy may confer enhanced flexibility and resilience under climate stress. Overall, these results suggest that polyploidy may provide some resilience to climate change in mixed ploidy populations. However, all species remain susceptible to the impacts of extreme drought and heat stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants delicately regulate endogenous auxin levels through the coordination of transport, biosynthesis, and inactivation, which is crucial for growth and development. While it is well-established that the actin cytoskeleton can regulate auxin levels by affecting polar transport, its potential role in auxin biosynthesis has remained largely unexplored. Using LC-MS/MS-based methods combined with fluorescent auxin marker detection, we observed a significant increase in root auxin levels upon deletion of the actin bundling proteins AtFIM4 and AtFIM5. Fluorescent observation, immunoblotting analysis, and biochemical approaches revealed that AtFIM4 and AtFIM5 affect the protein abundance of the key auxin synthesis enzyme YUC8 in roots. AtFIM4 and AtFIM5 regulate the auxin synthesis enzyme YUC8 at the protein level, with its degradation mediated by the 26S proteasome. This regulation modulates auxin synthesis and endogenous auxin levels in roots, consequently impacting root development. Based on these findings, we propose a molecular pathway centered on the 'actin cytoskeleton-26S proteasome-YUC8-auxin' axis that controls auxin levels. Our findings shed light on a new pathway through which plants regulate auxin synthesis. Moreover, this study illuminates a newfound role of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating plant growth and development, particularly through its involvement in maintaining protein homeostasis via the 26S proteasome.
{"title":"Actin-bundling protein fimbrin serves as a new auxin biosynthesis orchestrator in Arabidopsis root tips.","authors":"Yan-Kun Liu, Jing-Jing Li, Qiao-Qiao Xue, Shu-Juan Zhang, Min Xie, Ting Cheng, Hong-Li Wang, Cui-Mei Liu, Jin-Fang Chu, Yu-Sha Pei, Bing-Qian Jia, Jia Li, Li-Jun Tian, Ai-Gen Fu, Ya-Qi Hao, Hui Su","doi":"10.1111/nph.19959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants delicately regulate endogenous auxin levels through the coordination of transport, biosynthesis, and inactivation, which is crucial for growth and development. While it is well-established that the actin cytoskeleton can regulate auxin levels by affecting polar transport, its potential role in auxin biosynthesis has remained largely unexplored. Using LC-MS/MS-based methods combined with fluorescent auxin marker detection, we observed a significant increase in root auxin levels upon deletion of the actin bundling proteins AtFIM4 and AtFIM5. Fluorescent observation, immunoblotting analysis, and biochemical approaches revealed that AtFIM4 and AtFIM5 affect the protein abundance of the key auxin synthesis enzyme YUC8 in roots. AtFIM4 and AtFIM5 regulate the auxin synthesis enzyme YUC8 at the protein level, with its degradation mediated by the 26S proteasome. This regulation modulates auxin synthesis and endogenous auxin levels in roots, consequently impacting root development. Based on these findings, we propose a molecular pathway centered on the 'actin cytoskeleton-26S proteasome-YUC8-auxin' axis that controls auxin levels. Our findings shed light on a new pathway through which plants regulate auxin synthesis. Moreover, this study illuminates a newfound role of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating plant growth and development, particularly through its involvement in maintaining protein homeostasis via the 26S proteasome.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}