Dorsaf Hmidi, Florence Muraya, Cécile Fizames, Anne-Aliénor Véry, M Rob G Roelfsema
The ability to accumulate nutrients is a hallmark for living creatures and plants evolved highly effective nutrient transport systems, especially for the uptake of potassium (K+). However, plants also developed mechanisms that enable the rapid extrusion of K+ in combination with anions. The combined release of K+ and anions is probably an ancient extrusion system, as it is found in the Characeae that are closely related to land plants. We postulate that the ion extrusion mechanisms have developed as an emergency valve, which enabled plant cells to rapidly reduce their turgor, and prevent them from bursting. Later in evolution, seed plants adapted this system for various responses, such as the closure of stomata, long-distance stress waves, dropping of leaves by pulvini, and loading of xylem vessels. We discuss the molecular nature of the transport proteins that are involved in ion extrusion-based functions of plants and describe the functions that they obtained during evolution.
{"title":"Potassium extrusion by plant cells: evolution from an emergency valve to a driver of long-distance transport.","authors":"Dorsaf Hmidi, Florence Muraya, Cécile Fizames, Anne-Aliénor Véry, M Rob G Roelfsema","doi":"10.1111/nph.20207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to accumulate nutrients is a hallmark for living creatures and plants evolved highly effective nutrient transport systems, especially for the uptake of potassium (K<sup>+</sup>). However, plants also developed mechanisms that enable the rapid extrusion of K<sup>+</sup> in combination with anions. The combined release of K<sup>+</sup> and anions is probably an ancient extrusion system, as it is found in the Characeae that are closely related to land plants. We postulate that the ion extrusion mechanisms have developed as an emergency valve, which enabled plant cells to rapidly reduce their turgor, and prevent them from bursting. Later in evolution, seed plants adapted this system for various responses, such as the closure of stomata, long-distance stress waves, dropping of leaves by pulvini, and loading of xylem vessels. We discuss the molecular nature of the transport proteins that are involved in ion extrusion-based functions of plants and describe the functions that they obtained during evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fate determination is indispensable for the accurate shaping and specialization of plant organs, a process critical to the structural and functional diversity in plant kingdom. The TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) family of transcription factors has been recognized for its significant contributions to plant organogenesis and morphogenesis. Recent research has shed light on the pivotal roles that TCPs play in fate determination. In this review, we delve into the current understanding of TCP functions, emphasizing their critical influence on fate determination from the organelle to the cell and organ levels. We also consolidate the molecular mechanisms through which TCPs exert their regulatory effects on fate determination. Additionally, we highlight intriguing points of TCPs that warrant further exploration in future research endeavors.
{"title":"Multifaceted roles of TCP transcription factors in fate determination.","authors":"Yutao Wang, Yu Cao, Genji Qin","doi":"10.1111/nph.20188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fate determination is indispensable for the accurate shaping and specialization of plant organs, a process critical to the structural and functional diversity in plant kingdom. The TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) family of transcription factors has been recognized for its significant contributions to plant organogenesis and morphogenesis. Recent research has shed light on the pivotal roles that TCPs play in fate determination. In this review, we delve into the current understanding of TCP functions, emphasizing their critical influence on fate determination from the organelle to the cell and organ levels. We also consolidate the molecular mechanisms through which TCPs exert their regulatory effects on fate determination. Additionally, we highlight intriguing points of TCPs that warrant further exploration in future research endeavors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanni Agati, Cecilia Brunetti, Luana Beatriz Dos Santos Nascimento, Antonella Gori, Ermes Lo Piccolo, Massimiliano Tattini
{"title":"Antioxidants by nature: an ancient feature at the heart of flavonoids' multifunctionality.","authors":"Giovanni Agati, Cecilia Brunetti, Luana Beatriz Dos Santos Nascimento, Antonella Gori, Ermes Lo Piccolo, Massimiliano Tattini","doi":"10.1111/nph.20195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20195","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assembling the picture of stomatal evolution.","authors":"James W Clark","doi":"10.1111/nph.20179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chongzhe Zhang, Tongbin Zhu, Uffe N Nielsen, Ian J Wright, Na Li, Xiaoyun Chen, Manqiang Liu
Aboveground and belowground attributes of terrestrial ecosystems interact to shape carbon (C) cycling. However, plants and soil organisms are usually studied separately, leading to a knowledge gap regarding their coordinated contributions to ecosystem C cycling. We explored whether integrated consideration of plant and nematode traits better explained soil organic C (SOC) dynamics than plant or nematode traits considered separately. Our study system was a space-for-time natural restoration chronosequence following agricultural abandonment in a subtropical region, with pioneer, early, mid and climax stages. We identified an integrated fast-slow trait spectrum encompassing plants and nematodes, demonstrating coordinated shifts from fast strategies in the pioneer stage to slow strategies in the climax stage, corresponding to enhanced SOC dynamics. Joint consideration of plant and nematode traits explained more variation in SOC than by either group alone. Structural equation modeling revealed that the integrated fast-slow trait spectrum influenced SOC through its regulation of microbial traits, including microbial C use efficiency and microbial biomass. Our findings confirm the pivotal role of plant-nematode trait coordination in modulating ecosystem C cycling and highlight the value of incorporating belowground traits into biogeochemical cycling under global change scenarios.
{"title":"An integrated fast-slow plant and nematode economics spectrum predicts soil organic carbon dynamics during natural restoration.","authors":"Chongzhe Zhang, Tongbin Zhu, Uffe N Nielsen, Ian J Wright, Na Li, Xiaoyun Chen, Manqiang Liu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aboveground and belowground attributes of terrestrial ecosystems interact to shape carbon (C) cycling. However, plants and soil organisms are usually studied separately, leading to a knowledge gap regarding their coordinated contributions to ecosystem C cycling. We explored whether integrated consideration of plant and nematode traits better explained soil organic C (SOC) dynamics than plant or nematode traits considered separately. Our study system was a space-for-time natural restoration chronosequence following agricultural abandonment in a subtropical region, with pioneer, early, mid and climax stages. We identified an integrated fast-slow trait spectrum encompassing plants and nematodes, demonstrating coordinated shifts from fast strategies in the pioneer stage to slow strategies in the climax stage, corresponding to enhanced SOC dynamics. Joint consideration of plant and nematode traits explained more variation in SOC than by either group alone. Structural equation modeling revealed that the integrated fast-slow trait spectrum influenced SOC through its regulation of microbial traits, including microbial C use efficiency and microbial biomass. Our findings confirm the pivotal role of plant-nematode trait coordination in modulating ecosystem C cycling and highlight the value of incorporating belowground traits into biogeochemical cycling under global change scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guilian Xiao, Zhengning Jiang, Tian Xing, Ye Chen, Hongjian Zhang, Jiajia Qian, Xiutang Wang, Yanxia Wang, Guangmin Xia, Mengcheng Wang
To identify efficient salt-tolerant genes is beneficial for coping with the penalty of salt stress on crop yield. Reversible conjugation (sumoylation and desumoylation) of Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier (SUMO) is a crucial kind of protein modifications, but its roles in the response to salt and other abiotic stress are not well addressed. Here, we identify salt-tolerant SUMO protease gene TaDSU for desumoylation from wheat, and analyze its mechanism in salt tolerance and evaluate its role in yield in saline-alkaline fields. TaDSU overexpression enhances salt tolerance of wheat. TaDSU overexpressors have lower Na+ but higher K+ contents and consequently higher K+ : Na+ ratios than the wild-type under salt stress. TaDSU interacts with transcriptional factor MYC2, reduces the sumoylation level of SUMO1-conjugated MYC2, and promotes its transcription activity. MYC2 binds to the promoter of TaDSU and elevates its expression. TaDSU overexpression enhances grain yield of wheat in the saline soil without growth penalty in the normal field. Especially, TaDSU ectopic expression also enhances salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana, showing this SUMO protease allele has the inter-species role in the adaptation to salt stress. Thus, TaDSU is an efficient candidate gene for molecular breeding of salt-tolerant crops.
{"title":"Small ubiquitin-like modifier protease gene TaDSU enhances salt tolerance of wheat.","authors":"Guilian Xiao, Zhengning Jiang, Tian Xing, Ye Chen, Hongjian Zhang, Jiajia Qian, Xiutang Wang, Yanxia Wang, Guangmin Xia, Mengcheng Wang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To identify efficient salt-tolerant genes is beneficial for coping with the penalty of salt stress on crop yield. Reversible conjugation (sumoylation and desumoylation) of Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier (SUMO) is a crucial kind of protein modifications, but its roles in the response to salt and other abiotic stress are not well addressed. Here, we identify salt-tolerant SUMO protease gene TaDSU for desumoylation from wheat, and analyze its mechanism in salt tolerance and evaluate its role in yield in saline-alkaline fields. TaDSU overexpression enhances salt tolerance of wheat. TaDSU overexpressors have lower Na<sup>+</sup> but higher K<sup>+</sup> contents and consequently higher K<sup>+</sup> : Na<sup>+</sup> ratios than the wild-type under salt stress. TaDSU interacts with transcriptional factor MYC2, reduces the sumoylation level of SUMO1-conjugated MYC2, and promotes its transcription activity. MYC2 binds to the promoter of TaDSU and elevates its expression. TaDSU overexpression enhances grain yield of wheat in the saline soil without growth penalty in the normal field. Especially, TaDSU ectopic expression also enhances salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana, showing this SUMO protease allele has the inter-species role in the adaptation to salt stress. Thus, TaDSU is an efficient candidate gene for molecular breeding of salt-tolerant crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supral Adhikari, Asha Mudalige, Lydia Phillips, Hyeyoung Lee, Vivian Bernal-Galeano, Hope Gruszewski, James H Westwood, So-Yon Park
Cuscuta campestris, a stem parasitic plant, has served as a valuable model plant for the exploration of plant-plant interactions and molecular trafficking. However, a major barrier to C. campestris research is that a method to generate stable transgenic plants has not yet been developed. Here, we describe the development of a Cuscuta transformation protocol using various reporter genes (GFP, GUS, or RUBY) and morphogenic genes (CcWUS2 and CcGRF/GIF), leading to a robust protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated C. campestris transformation. The stably transformed and regenerated RUBY C. campestris plants produced haustoria, the signature organ of parasitic plants, and these were functional in forming host attachments. The locations of T-DNA integration in the parasite genome were confirmed through TAIL-PCR. Transformed C. campestris also produced flowers and viable transgenic seeds exhibiting betalain pigment, providing proof of germline transmission of the RUBY transgene. Furthermore, RUBY is not only a useful selectable marker for the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, but may also provide insight into the movement of molecules from C. campestris to the host during parasitism. Thus, the protocol for transformation of C. campestris reported here overcomes a major obstacle to Cuscuta research and opens new possibilities for studying parasitic plants and their interactions with hosts.
菟丝子是一种茎寄生植物,是探索植物间相互作用和分子贩运的重要模式植物。然而,菟丝子研究的一个主要障碍是尚未开发出产生稳定转基因植物的方法。在此,我们介绍了利用各种报告基因(GFP、GUS 或 RUBY)和形态发生基因(CcWUS2 和 CcGRF/GIF)开发的菟丝子转化方案,从而形成了农杆菌介导的野油菜转化的稳健方案。稳定转化和再生的 RUBY C. campestris 植株会产生寄生植物的标志性器官--菌丝体,这些菌丝体在形成寄主附着物方面具有功能性。通过 TAIL-PCR 确认了寄生虫基因组中 T-DNA 整合的位置。经转化的 C. campestris 还能开出花朵并结出有生命力的转基因种子,显示出甜菜素色素,证明了 RUBY 转基因的种系传播。此外,RUBY 不仅是农杆菌介导的转化过程中有用的选择性标记,而且还能让人了解野油菜分子在寄生过程中向宿主的移动。因此,本文报告的野油菜转化方案克服了菟丝子研究的一个主要障碍,为研究寄生植物及其与宿主的相互作用提供了新的可能性。
{"title":"Agrobacterium-mediated Cuscuta campestris transformation as a tool for understanding plant-plant interactions.","authors":"Supral Adhikari, Asha Mudalige, Lydia Phillips, Hyeyoung Lee, Vivian Bernal-Galeano, Hope Gruszewski, James H Westwood, So-Yon Park","doi":"10.1111/nph.20140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cuscuta campestris, a stem parasitic plant, has served as a valuable model plant for the exploration of plant-plant interactions and molecular trafficking. However, a major barrier to C. campestris research is that a method to generate stable transgenic plants has not yet been developed. Here, we describe the development of a Cuscuta transformation protocol using various reporter genes (GFP, GUS, or RUBY) and morphogenic genes (CcWUS2 and CcGRF/GIF), leading to a robust protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated C. campestris transformation. The stably transformed and regenerated RUBY C. campestris plants produced haustoria, the signature organ of parasitic plants, and these were functional in forming host attachments. The locations of T-DNA integration in the parasite genome were confirmed through TAIL-PCR. Transformed C. campestris also produced flowers and viable transgenic seeds exhibiting betalain pigment, providing proof of germline transmission of the RUBY transgene. Furthermore, RUBY is not only a useful selectable marker for the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, but may also provide insight into the movement of molecules from C. campestris to the host during parasitism. Thus, the protocol for transformation of C. campestris reported here overcomes a major obstacle to Cuscuta research and opens new possibilities for studying parasitic plants and their interactions with hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48887,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}