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Potassium extrusion by plant cells: evolution from an emergency valve to a driver of long-distance transport. 植物细胞的钾挤出:从紧急阀门演变为长距离运输的驱动力。
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20207
Dorsaf Hmidi, Florence Muraya, Cécile Fizames, Anne-Aliénor Véry, M Rob G Roelfsema

The ability to accumulate nutrients is a hallmark for living creatures and plants evolved highly effective nutrient transport systems, especially for the uptake of potassium (K+). However, plants also developed mechanisms that enable the rapid extrusion of K+ in combination with anions. The combined release of K+ and anions is probably an ancient extrusion system, as it is found in the Characeae that are closely related to land plants. We postulate that the ion extrusion mechanisms have developed as an emergency valve, which enabled plant cells to rapidly reduce their turgor, and prevent them from bursting. Later in evolution, seed plants adapted this system for various responses, such as the closure of stomata, long-distance stress waves, dropping of leaves by pulvini, and loading of xylem vessels. We discuss the molecular nature of the transport proteins that are involved in ion extrusion-based functions of plants and describe the functions that they obtained during evolution.

积累养分的能力是生物的标志,植物进化出了高效的养分运输系统,尤其是在吸收钾(K+)方面。然而,植物也发展出了能够快速挤出 K+和阴离子的机制。K+ 与阴离子的联合释放可能是一种古老的挤压系统,因为在与陆生植物关系密切的夏科植物中就有这种系统。我们推测,离子挤出机制是作为紧急阀门发展起来的,它使植物细胞能够迅速降低其张力,防止细胞破裂。在进化的后期,种子植物将这一系统用于各种反应,如气孔关闭、长距离应力波、叶枕掉落和木质部血管加载。我们讨论了参与植物离子挤压功能的运输蛋白的分子性质,并描述了它们在进化过程中获得的功能。
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引用次数: 0
Multifaceted roles of TCP transcription factors in fate determination. TCP 转录因子在命运决定中的多方面作用
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20188
Yutao Wang, Yu Cao, Genji Qin

Fate determination is indispensable for the accurate shaping and specialization of plant organs, a process critical to the structural and functional diversity in plant kingdom. The TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) family of transcription factors has been recognized for its significant contributions to plant organogenesis and morphogenesis. Recent research has shed light on the pivotal roles that TCPs play in fate determination. In this review, we delve into the current understanding of TCP functions, emphasizing their critical influence on fate determination from the organelle to the cell and organ levels. We also consolidate the molecular mechanisms through which TCPs exert their regulatory effects on fate determination. Additionally, we highlight intriguing points of TCPs that warrant further exploration in future research endeavors.

植物器官的精确塑造和特化离不开命运决定,这一过程对植物界的结构和功能多样性至关重要。TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR(TCP)转录因子家族因其对植物器官发生和形态形成的重要贡献而得到公认。最近的研究揭示了 TCP 在命运决定中的关键作用。在这篇综述中,我们深入探讨了目前对 TCP 功能的理解,强调了它们从细胞器到细胞和器官水平对命运决定的关键影响。我们还整合了 TCP 对命运决定产生调控作用的分子机制。此外,我们还强调了 TCPs 值得在未来研究工作中进一步探索的有趣之处。
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引用次数: 0
Antioxidants by nature: an ancient feature at the heart of flavonoids' multifunctionality. 天然抗氧化剂:类黄酮多功能性核心的古老特征。
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20195
Giovanni Agati, Cecilia Brunetti, Luana Beatriz Dos Santos Nascimento, Antonella Gori, Ermes Lo Piccolo, Massimiliano Tattini
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引用次数: 0
Cecelia Stokes. 塞西莉亚-斯托克斯
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20177
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引用次数: 0
Refining our understanding of the diversity of plant specialised metabolites. 进一步了解植物特殊代谢物的多样性。
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20173
Mike Speed, Graeme Ruxton
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引用次数: 0
Assembling the picture of stomatal evolution. 气孔进化的图景。
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20179
James W Clark
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引用次数: 0
Vanessa E. Rubio. Vanessa E. Rubio.
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20176
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引用次数: 0
An integrated fast-slow plant and nematode economics spectrum predicts soil organic carbon dynamics during natural restoration. 综合快慢植物和线虫经济光谱可预测自然恢复过程中的土壤有机碳动态。
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20166
Chongzhe Zhang, Tongbin Zhu, Uffe N Nielsen, Ian J Wright, Na Li, Xiaoyun Chen, Manqiang Liu

Aboveground and belowground attributes of terrestrial ecosystems interact to shape carbon (C) cycling. However, plants and soil organisms are usually studied separately, leading to a knowledge gap regarding their coordinated contributions to ecosystem C cycling. We explored whether integrated consideration of plant and nematode traits better explained soil organic C (SOC) dynamics than plant or nematode traits considered separately. Our study system was a space-for-time natural restoration chronosequence following agricultural abandonment in a subtropical region, with pioneer, early, mid and climax stages. We identified an integrated fast-slow trait spectrum encompassing plants and nematodes, demonstrating coordinated shifts from fast strategies in the pioneer stage to slow strategies in the climax stage, corresponding to enhanced SOC dynamics. Joint consideration of plant and nematode traits explained more variation in SOC than by either group alone. Structural equation modeling revealed that the integrated fast-slow trait spectrum influenced SOC through its regulation of microbial traits, including microbial C use efficiency and microbial biomass. Our findings confirm the pivotal role of plant-nematode trait coordination in modulating ecosystem C cycling and highlight the value of incorporating belowground traits into biogeochemical cycling under global change scenarios.

陆地生态系统的地上和地下属性相互作用,形成碳(C)循环。然而,植物和土壤生物通常是分开研究的,这导致了关于它们对生态系统碳循环的协调贡献的知识空白。我们探讨了综合考虑植物和线虫性状是否比单独考虑植物或线虫性状更能解释土壤有机碳(SOC)动态。我们的研究系统是亚热带地区农业废弃后的时空自然恢复序列,包括先驱阶段、早期阶段、中期阶段和高潮阶段。我们发现了包括植物和线虫在内的快慢综合性状谱,证明了从先驱阶段的快速策略到高潮阶段的慢速策略的协调转变,这与增强的 SOC 动态是一致的。联合考虑植物和线虫的性状比单独考虑任何一类性状都能解释更多的 SOC 变化。结构方程建模显示,综合快慢性状谱通过调节微生物性状(包括微生物碳利用效率和微生物生物量)来影响 SOC。我们的研究结果证实了植物-线虫性状协调在调节生态系统碳循环中的关键作用,并强调了在全球变化情景下将地下性状纳入生物地球化学循环的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Small ubiquitin-like modifier protease gene TaDSU enhances salt tolerance of wheat. 小泛素样修饰蛋白酶基因 TaDSU 可增强小麦的耐盐性。
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20171
Guilian Xiao, Zhengning Jiang, Tian Xing, Ye Chen, Hongjian Zhang, Jiajia Qian, Xiutang Wang, Yanxia Wang, Guangmin Xia, Mengcheng Wang

To identify efficient salt-tolerant genes is beneficial for coping with the penalty of salt stress on crop yield. Reversible conjugation (sumoylation and desumoylation) of Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier (SUMO) is a crucial kind of protein modifications, but its roles in the response to salt and other abiotic stress are not well addressed. Here, we identify salt-tolerant SUMO protease gene TaDSU for desumoylation from wheat, and analyze its mechanism in salt tolerance and evaluate its role in yield in saline-alkaline fields. TaDSU overexpression enhances salt tolerance of wheat. TaDSU overexpressors have lower Na+ but higher K+ contents and consequently higher K+ : Na+ ratios than the wild-type under salt stress. TaDSU interacts with transcriptional factor MYC2, reduces the sumoylation level of SUMO1-conjugated MYC2, and promotes its transcription activity. MYC2 binds to the promoter of TaDSU and elevates its expression. TaDSU overexpression enhances grain yield of wheat in the saline soil without growth penalty in the normal field. Especially, TaDSU ectopic expression also enhances salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana, showing this SUMO protease allele has the inter-species role in the adaptation to salt stress. Thus, TaDSU is an efficient candidate gene for molecular breeding of salt-tolerant crops.

鉴定高效的耐盐基因有利于应对盐胁迫对作物产量的影响。小类泛素修饰蛋白(SUMO)的可逆共轭(sumoylation和desumoylation)是一种重要的蛋白质修饰,但其在应对盐胁迫和其他非生物胁迫中的作用尚未得到很好的研究。在此,我们从小麦中鉴定出了耐盐 SUMO 蛋白酶基因 TaDSU,并分析了其在耐盐中的作用机制,评估了其在盐碱地产量中的作用。TaDSU的过表达增强了小麦的耐盐性。与野生小麦相比,过表达 TaDSU 的小麦 Na+ 含量较低,但 K+ 含量较高,因此 K+ :在盐胁迫下,与野生型相比,TaDSU过表达者的Na+含量较低,但K+含量较高,因此K+ : Na+比率较高。TaDSU 与转录因子 MYC2 相互作用,降低 SUMO1 共轭的 MYC2 的苏木酰化水平,促进其转录活性。MYC2 与 TaDSU 的启动子结合并提高其表达。过表达 TaDSU 可提高盐碱地小麦的产量,而不会影响正常田块的生长。特别是,TaDSU异位表达还能增强拟南芥的耐盐性,表明这种SUMO蛋白酶等位基因在适应盐胁迫方面具有种间作用。因此,TaDSU是耐盐作物分子育种的有效候选基因。
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引用次数: 0
Agrobacterium-mediated Cuscuta campestris transformation as a tool for understanding plant-plant interactions. 农杆菌介导的菟丝子转化是了解植物与植物之间相互作用的一种工具。
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20140
Supral Adhikari, Asha Mudalige, Lydia Phillips, Hyeyoung Lee, Vivian Bernal-Galeano, Hope Gruszewski, James H Westwood, So-Yon Park

Cuscuta campestris, a stem parasitic plant, has served as a valuable model plant for the exploration of plant-plant interactions and molecular trafficking. However, a major barrier to C. campestris research is that a method to generate stable transgenic plants has not yet been developed. Here, we describe the development of a Cuscuta transformation protocol using various reporter genes (GFP, GUS, or RUBY) and morphogenic genes (CcWUS2 and CcGRF/GIF), leading to a robust protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated C. campestris transformation. The stably transformed and regenerated RUBY C. campestris plants produced haustoria, the signature organ of parasitic plants, and these were functional in forming host attachments. The locations of T-DNA integration in the parasite genome were confirmed through TAIL-PCR. Transformed C. campestris also produced flowers and viable transgenic seeds exhibiting betalain pigment, providing proof of germline transmission of the RUBY transgene. Furthermore, RUBY is not only a useful selectable marker for the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, but may also provide insight into the movement of molecules from C. campestris to the host during parasitism. Thus, the protocol for transformation of C. campestris reported here overcomes a major obstacle to Cuscuta research and opens new possibilities for studying parasitic plants and their interactions with hosts.

菟丝子是一种茎寄生植物,是探索植物间相互作用和分子贩运的重要模式植物。然而,菟丝子研究的一个主要障碍是尚未开发出产生稳定转基因植物的方法。在此,我们介绍了利用各种报告基因(GFP、GUS 或 RUBY)和形态发生基因(CcWUS2 和 CcGRF/GIF)开发的菟丝子转化方案,从而形成了农杆菌介导的野油菜转化的稳健方案。稳定转化和再生的 RUBY C. campestris 植株会产生寄生植物的标志性器官--菌丝体,这些菌丝体在形成寄主附着物方面具有功能性。通过 TAIL-PCR 确认了寄生虫基因组中 T-DNA 整合的位置。经转化的 C. campestris 还能开出花朵并结出有生命力的转基因种子,显示出甜菜素色素,证明了 RUBY 转基因的种系传播。此外,RUBY 不仅是农杆菌介导的转化过程中有用的选择性标记,而且还能让人了解野油菜分子在寄生过程中向宿主的移动。因此,本文报告的野油菜转化方案克服了菟丝子研究的一个主要障碍,为研究寄生植物及其与宿主的相互作用提供了新的可能性。
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