Energy for Sustainable Development最新文献_第4页

Indian power sector decarbonization: Net-zero by 2050 or 2070

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101637

Arvind Singh Bisht , Tarun Sharma

The deep decarbonization of India's power sector, responsible for 40 % of national greenhouse gas emissions, is essential for meeting economy-wide net-zero targets. Understanding the current energy landscape requires assessing past achievements, leveraging resources, embracing technological advancements, and implementing effective policies. A thorough analysis is vital to identify gaps in achieving our Nationally Determined Contributions, ultimately facilitating net-zero goals. The urgency to mitigate emissions, heightened by climate-induced events and the need for renewable energy integration, calls for a reconsideration of net-zero timelines. Delayed action poses significant risks to ecosystems and economies globally. This paper explores how different pathways to net-zero emissions for power sector by 2050 & 2070 target years impact the future electricity mix, costs, generation profiles, and emission trajectories. We employ the energyRt optimization model, a bottom-up framework capturing regional, seasonal, and diurnal variations of renewable energy sources for thirty years, from 2020 to 2050. Preliminary analysis suggests current renewable resource estimations might not be sufficient for a 2050 net-zero goal. To meet the projected 6273 TWh demand by 2050, installed capacity would range from 2042 GW to 3100 GW. The base case emission trajectory reaches 2.4 GtCO₂/year in 2050 with a grid emission factor of 0.369 tCO₂/MWh. Achieving net-zero emissions by 2070 with CCS requires 33.37 % less investment than without CCS. The findings emerging from this analysis provide valuable insights into the power sector decarbonization pathways available to India in its pursuit of net-zero emissions.

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引用次数: 0

A low-carbon electricity transition for small island developing states: The case of Mauritius

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101638

Doorgeshwaree Jaggeshar , Xianqiang Mao , Zhi Guo , Eric Zusman , Kevin Tu , Xing Chen , Zhiyuan Ma

A clean energy transition can not only help rebuild the energy landscape of small island developing states (SIDS) but also boost their resilience and long-term development prospects. This study employs the Open-Source Energy Modeling System (OSeMOSYS) model to analyze low-carbon transition pathways for Mauritius, which are aligned with its nationally determined contribution (NDC) objectives to increase renewable energy to 60 % and phase out coal by 2030. The study applied key performance indicators to assess this pathway against energy self-sufficiency, economic, environmental and social criteria. The study showed that renewable energy sources, namely, solar, biomass, wind and waste-to-energy, can be game-changers for the island. The optimal transition pathway would achieve a renewable target of 76.8 % and reduce CO₂ emissions by more than 67 % across the modeling period at an estimated cost of 1.94 billion USD by 2040. Finally, the study evaluated the implications of Mauritius' clean transition in terms of its effects on green jobs as well as whether there is sufficient infrastructure, administrative and financial capacity and energy pricing policies to support the optimal pathway. The study concludes that the experience modeling a low-carbon transition pathway for Mauritius could also offer useful lessons for other SIDS contemplating similar transitions.

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the effectiveness of energy policies in accelerating renewable energy-based mini-grid deployment: A case study

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101631

Kofi Nyarko , Tania Urmee , Jonathan Whale , Yeliz Simsek , Yvonne Haigh

Recent global initiatives to increase renewable energy capacity have presented a pathway to simultaneously meet future electricity demands and achieve decarbonization. However, emerging economies have seen marginal growth partly because of ineffective energy policies enacted to propagate the adoption of these renewable energy technologies. Using Ghana as a case study, this research focused on assessing the impact of energy policies on deploying renewable energy technologies, specifically focusing on renewable energy-based hybrid mini-grids. The weighted sum multi-criteria decision and SWOT analysis methods were used to evaluate the policies' effectiveness. The results highlighted that numerous energy policies implemented across Ghana did not fully promote mini-grid development. The study showed that only the renewable energy master plan and the scaling-up renewable energy program had clearly defined strategies for mini-grid development. The study revealed that financial constraints, complex implementation strategies and limited monitoring mechanisms are the main reasons why the policies are ineffective in promoting the industry in Ghana.

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引用次数: 0

Can meaningful consultation and consent advance fair and equitable large-scale renewable energy development? Reflections from India

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101613

Vigya Sharma, Mayank Aggarwal

India has one of the world's most ambitious renewable energy expansion plans. To achieve net-zero emissions by 2070 and meet 50 % of the total installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030, it plans to build 500 gigawatt (GW) of non-fossil energy capacity comprising mainly 280 GW of solar, 140 GW of wind, and 61 GW of large hydropower projects. Multiple technical and financial impediments are impacting the scale and speed needed to achieve these targets. But that is not all; the planning and execution of such large projects relies heavily on the availability of, and access to, land. The presence of contestations, conflicts and social uprisings from some of India's most dispossessed, marginalised groups, afflicting several planned and ongoing large renewable energy projects highlights the socially complex nature of these developments. This paper is an effort to unpack this complexity by applying the principles of consultation and consent. Specifically, the paper asks three questions: first, what is the nature of engagement and consultation posited in the policy and regulatory landscape currently driving India's renewable energy development process? Second, how does it compare with key international norms and commitments? Third, what recommendations can be made to strengthen consultation and consent principles in India's renewable energy policy and practice? Addressing these questions advances our collective understanding of how renewable energy ambitions interface with India's plans for a people-centric, fair, and just transition.

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引用次数: 0

Accounting socio-economic benefits of household biogas towards net zero energy transition in developing countries: A case study of Nepal

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101634

Mukesh Ghimire , Sudeshana Pandey , JongRoul Woo

Household biogas contributes significantly to the cooking energy transition, enhances rural livelihoods, and promotes sustainable development. However, the lack of comprehensive studies on monetizing and accounting for the overall direct and indirect cost benefits of biogas plants often hinders benefit communication to people and the preparation of appropriate policy measures for net zero energy transition in many developing countries. To address these issues, this study conducted a nationwide household survey comprising 1392 primary samples in Nepal, using a benefit-accounting framework based on different biogas sizes in three ecological belts (mountains, hills, and Terai). The results revealed that an average household biogas plant replaces 4.5 tons of biomass annually. Direct annual economic savings by a one cubic meter biogas plant in the Terai region were found to be NRs 9000 (USD 69.23). In contrast, in the hilly and mountainous regions, the benefits increased by NRs 2250 and NRs 4500 respectively. Annual displacement of fuel wood by the total household biogas plants installed in Nepal accounted for 1.8 million tons and saved 2.8 million tons equivalent CO₂ emission. Besides the direct benefits, many indirect and social benefits linked to crop productivity, timesaving for economic activities, improved health, and the environment were investigated. Accounting for integral benefits, biogas plants had significant (35 to 43 %) additional benefit contributions over direct savings, which are often neglected in accounting frameworks. Government subsidies have improved the feasibility of biogas plants. Outcomes beyond these accounting values only, this study provides several policy implications for the wider-scale promotion of household biogas in developing countries for meeting net zero energy transition goals.

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引用次数: 0

Uncovering the applications, developments, and future research directions of the open-source energy modelling system (OSeMOSYS): A systematic literature review

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101629

Fernando Plazas-Niño , Naomi Tan , Mark Howells , Vivien Foster , Jairo Quirós-Tortós

Energy system modelling for sustainable development has advanced significantly as a critical tool for designing cost-effective energy transitions. Modellers and analysts have used these tools to support international organizations and policymakers in crafting and making decisions about energy policy. Open-source frameworks have been instrumental in this progress, enhancing stakeholder engagement, transparency, and public acceptance. Among these, the Open-Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) stands out as a key example, widely applied in energy transition and planning studies. As the body of OSeMOSYS literature rapidly expands, it is essential to track research advancements to guide both current and future modellers. This paper presents a systematic literature review, exploring the applications, developments, and research trends related to OSeMOSYS over the last 10 years. The findings highlight a significant growth in OSeMOSYS-based research, with an annual increase of approximately 28 %, and most applications occurring in Africa and Latin America, though largely conducted by European institutions. Six key application areas were identified, such as capacity expansion planning in the power sector, transport sector planning, and sector coupling opportunities. Nine categories of complementary methods commonly integrated with OSeMOSYS were also categorized, including power sector performance, stakeholder engagement, and geospatial assessments. A thorough review of code enhancements demonstrates the framework's adaptability to various fields, such as flexibility assessment, hydropower systems, and storage modelling. Furthermore, seven key future research directions were identified: operational feasibility, uncertainty evaluation, temporal and spatial resolutions, technological detail, storage modelling, and macroeconomic impacts. This paper aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for modellers, analysts, and users, offering insights into research questions, complementary methods, available code enhancements, and potential future directions for the use of OSeMOSYS.

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引用次数: 0

Advanced mini solar still design: Spiral heating, triangular prism condensation, and comprehensive energy-exergy analysis

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101632

Faraz Afshari, Murat Köse, Eda Feyza Akyürek, Emre Mandev

Improving solar distillation systems is crucial in addressing water scarcity by providing a sustainable solution for clean water production, while also harnessing renewable energy to reduce environmental impact and reliance on conventional power sources. In solar still systems, salt water is typically contained in a basin, where it is heated by solar energy to produce distilled water through evaporation and condensation procedure. However, traditional systems do not allow for precise control over the temperature of the saltwater. This study introduces a novel approach by integrating a spiral type solar heater for salt water heating, which elevates the saltwater temperature to higher levels. To implement the proposed set up, the integration of a spiral-type solar heater, cotton-based materials, and a perforated pipe for delivering heated saltwater should be adopted, along with intermittent water pump operation to optimize heat absorption and evaporation efficiency. This enhancement enables more efficient condensation, which is achieved using a long triangular prism condensation unit. From the obtained results, it was revealed that the proposed mini solar still system can be modified by using cotton base materials and dripping salt water from a perforated pipe can enhance the distilled water by 138.46 %. Comparing the energy efficiency results shows a significant 128.57 % efficiency improvement, highlighting the need to optimize strategies and modifications for better solar distillation performance. Comparing the optimal experiment with the reference experiment revealed a substantial 152.63 % increase in exergy efficiency.

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引用次数: 0

Investment risks and policy solutions for renewable electricity in Bangladesh

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101605

S. Aziz , S.A. Chowdhury , M. Alauddin

Renewable energy project developers and financiers in Bangladesh face different risks in investing in renewable electricity projects. These barriers slow the progress towards attaining the renewable energy and climate goals of the country. This study presents the findings of a comprehensive survey of forty six key stakeholders in the renewable energy sector of Bangladesh, including thirty four project developers, six regulators and five financiers. Permits risk and power markets risk are considered the biggest challenges, whereas social acceptance risk, counterparty risk and macroeconomic risks are considered low. Foreign developers have the highest risk perceptions, whereas regulators have the lowest. Risk perceptions vary between debt and equity investors. Power Purchase Agreement guarantees, one stop licensing, financial product development and currency or interest rate hedging are considered top risk mitigation policy solutions, whereas awareness campaigns and community involvement are considered less effective. Public sector investors perceive risks to be lower than their private sector counterparts. The findings reveal that there is a gap between regulators and investors regarding the impact of the risks. A shared understanding of the challenges facing the sector must be attained for regulators to formulate policies that increase and facilitate investments in the sector.

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引用次数: 0

Visitor willingness to pay for decarbonizing tourism: Supporting a net-zero transition in Nusa Penida, Indonesia

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101628

I Wayan Koko Suryawan , Ari Rahman , Sapta Suhardono , Chun-Hung Lee

This study investigates visitor preferences and willingness to pay for emission reduction initiatives in Nusa Penida, Indonesia, a renowned tourism destination. The research focuses on integrating renewable energy and sustainable transportation to support a net-zero transition, emphasizing equitable and just strategies for the local community. Employing a Choice Experiment (CE) framework, the study evaluates visitor support for initiatives aimed at reducing direct emissions from transportation and indirect emissions from electricity usage. The results reveal a significant willingness among visitors to financially back these initiatives, highlighting the economic potential of clean investments funded through tourism. Key insights include the economic benefits of renewable energy, the critical role of community involvement in planning and implementation, and the ecological advantages of sustainable infrastructure. These findings provide vital policy recommendations for achieving a just transition to net-zero emissions, promoting economic prosperity, social equity, and environmental sustainability. This research serves as a comprehensive guide for policymakers, stakeholders, and international collaborators, demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of a just transition in small island tourism destinations, thereby contributing to broader sustainable development goals.

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引用次数: 0

The role of regional grid connectivity and cooperation for Decarbonisation: A case study of South and South East Asia

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101606

Jyoti K. Parikh, Navpreet Saini

As the share of renewable energy expands, cooperation at a wider level is required. In South Asia (SA) and Southeast Asia (SEA), cross-border power trade already exists. Both regions are moving toward high levels of integration. Sub-regional and interregional interconnections and regional cooperation can help reduce the use of fossil fuels and increase the absorption of renewable power in power systems. Using optimization models for the Bangladesh-Bhutan-India-Nepal (BBIN) countries, the article demonstrates significant CO2 savings (403 million tonnes) resulting from the renewable Energy (RE) potential of Bhutan, India, and Nepal, meeting the required electricity demand for GDP growth. In South Asia, each country can benefit from trading, meeting their demand, and decarbonizing at a lower cost. Similarly, the countries of the SEA region can also grow. By 2050, the power generation in the SA and SEA regions can reach 5880 and 5681 Terra-Watt-hours (TWh), respectively. Smaller countries with large potential for RE, such as Bhutan, Nepal, Laos, and Myanmar, can export electricity and grow economically as they cannot use that much for their needs. Regional grid connectivity can provide additional benefits due to further trade opportunities arising from differences in time, seasons, costs, prices, resource diversity, and availability.

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引用次数: 0