Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101557
Octavio Bertín , Thomas García , Francisco Pizzi , Alberto Porto , Julian Puig , Jorge Puig
Argentina has massively subsidized energy in recent decades, and the distributional impacts of those subsidies has been widely studied. However, regional disparities and public financing are two dimensions often omitted by previous research. We extend the analysis in these directions, focusing on the electricity sector. First, we develop a conceptual framework to formalize the deviation of prices from production costs. Second, by applying the “benefit incidence analysis” to household survey microdata, we measure subsidies at the household level and perform a distributional analysis. Our results indicate that regional disparities in electricity distribution costs and in the pricing schedules set by distribution companies are key drivers of the distributional impacts. Subsidies, as a percentage of the final price, vary between regions in the range of 50 to 80 percent. Additionally, omitting public financing leads to a bias in the perception of their redistributive effect: when subsidies are financed by a general consumption tax, the net benefits are less than half of the benefits from the subsidy alone. A series of globally relevant policy recommendations can be derived from the paper.
{"title":"Energy subsidies: conceptual framework and measurement for distributional impacts in Argentina","authors":"Octavio Bertín , Thomas García , Francisco Pizzi , Alberto Porto , Julian Puig , Jorge Puig","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Argentina has massively subsidized energy in recent decades, and the distributional impacts of those subsidies has been widely studied. However, regional disparities and public financing are two dimensions often omitted by previous research. We extend the analysis in these directions, focusing on the electricity sector. First, we develop a conceptual framework to formalize the deviation of prices from production costs. Second, by applying the “<em>benefit incidence analysis</em>” to household survey microdata, we measure subsidies at the household level and perform a distributional analysis. Our results indicate that regional disparities in electricity distribution costs and in the pricing schedules set by distribution companies are key drivers of the distributional impacts. Subsidies, as a percentage of the final price, vary between regions in the range of 50 to 80 percent. Additionally, omitting public financing leads to a bias in the perception of their redistributive effect: when subsidies are financed by a general consumption tax, the net benefits are less than half of the benefits from the subsidy alone. A series of globally relevant policy recommendations can be derived from the paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101562
Zhanping Hu
The contemporary global campaign for low-carbon transition has positioned the countryside and agriculture as central sites for renewable energy production. However, the impact on smallholder agriculture and smallholders within this grand initiative remains an underexplored yet critical question. This study examines agrivoltaics—a model combining solar photovoltaic systems with agriculture—to explore its implications for smallholder agriculture and smallholders. Focusing on China and utilizing data from multiple case studies and secondary sources including information on over four hundred of agrivoltaic projects, this research reveals that the predominant large-scale, exogenous approach to agrivoltaic deployment significantly threatens smallholder agriculture and the livelihoods of smallholders. The findings indicate that over 80 % of agrivoltaic projects involve investments exceeding RMB 100 million; over 90 % of the projects occupy >10 ha of land; and nearly 90 % are led by energy-related corporations. Multiple cases show that these projects often result in land appropriation from smallholders, transforming small-scale farms into large-scale, capital-intensive plantations. Smallholders face multidimensional exclusions and encounter various barriers to meaningful participation in agrivoltaic projects. The current agrivoltaic projects in China exacerbate the marginalization of smallholders and their agricultural practices and local governmental regime primarily accounts for these impacts. It advocates for an endogeneity-oriented approach in designing and implementing agrivoltaic models, ensuring that energy sustainability does not jeopardize the socio-economic sustainability of rural communities.
{"title":"Doomed in the agrivoltaic campaign? The case of Chinese smallholder agriculture in the deployment of agrivoltaic projects","authors":"Zhanping Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contemporary global campaign for low-carbon transition has positioned the countryside and agriculture as central sites for renewable energy production. However, the impact on smallholder agriculture and smallholders within this grand initiative remains an underexplored yet critical question. This study examines agrivoltaics—a model combining solar photovoltaic systems with agriculture—to explore its implications for smallholder agriculture and smallholders. Focusing on China and utilizing data from multiple case studies and secondary sources including information on over four hundred of agrivoltaic projects, this research reveals that the predominant large-scale, exogenous approach to agrivoltaic deployment significantly threatens smallholder agriculture and the livelihoods of smallholders. The findings indicate that over 80 % of agrivoltaic projects involve investments exceeding RMB 100 million; over 90 % of the projects occupy >10 ha of land; and nearly 90 % are led by energy-related corporations. Multiple cases show that these projects often result in land appropriation from smallholders, transforming small-scale farms into large-scale, capital-intensive plantations. Smallholders face multidimensional exclusions and encounter various barriers to meaningful participation in agrivoltaic projects. The current agrivoltaic projects in China exacerbate the marginalization of smallholders and their agricultural practices and local governmental regime primarily accounts for these impacts. It advocates for an endogeneity-oriented approach in designing and implementing agrivoltaic models, ensuring that energy sustainability does not jeopardize the socio-economic sustainability of rural communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101562"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101564
Ji Hun Park, Sungwoong Yang, Sumin Kim
The assessment of photovoltaic (PV) installation potential in industrial complexes is critical for advancing renewable energy objectives, particularly in urbanized settings like Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. This study examines the complex interaction of geographical, regulatory, and environmental factors affecting PV feasibility across 193 industrial complexes. Employing a GIS-based methodology, the research evaluates available rooftop and general land areas totaling 47.3 km2, estimating a PV capacity potential of 3.72 GW. Despite significant rooftop spaces predominantly on concrete structures (10 km2), stringent setback regulations present substantial obstacles, particularly in areas such as Ansan. General land sites covering 16.6 km2 offer promising prospects, notably in Pyeongtaek. Current regulatory challenges, including setback regulations, impede the realization of the targeted 3.8 GW PV capacity, highlighting the potential benefits of policy reforms to facilitate deployment. This study underscores PV's pivotal role in sustainable energy transitions and advocates for strategic reforms to align regulatory frameworks with renewable energy aspirations. By integrating GIS analyses with regulatory insights, the study informs spatial planning initiatives essential for scaling up solar energy contributions in industrial contexts, supporting informed decision-making toward achieving a low-carbon future.
{"title":"Evaluation of photovoltaic installation potential in industrial complexes around metropolitan areas: Regulatory obstacles and geographical considerations","authors":"Ji Hun Park, Sungwoong Yang, Sumin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The assessment of photovoltaic (PV) installation potential in industrial complexes is critical for advancing renewable energy objectives, particularly in urbanized settings like Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. This study examines the complex interaction of geographical, regulatory, and environmental factors affecting PV feasibility across 193 industrial complexes. Employing a GIS-based methodology, the research evaluates available rooftop and general land areas totaling 47.3 km<sup>2</sup>, estimating a PV capacity potential of 3.72 GW. Despite significant rooftop spaces predominantly on concrete structures (10 km<sup>2</sup>), stringent setback regulations present substantial obstacles, particularly in areas such as Ansan. General land sites covering 16.6 km<sup>2</sup> offer promising prospects, notably in Pyeongtaek. Current regulatory challenges, including setback regulations, impede the realization of the targeted 3.8 GW PV capacity, highlighting the potential benefits of policy reforms to facilitate deployment. This study underscores PV's pivotal role in sustainable energy transitions and advocates for strategic reforms to align regulatory frameworks with renewable energy aspirations. By integrating GIS analyses with regulatory insights, the study informs spatial planning initiatives essential for scaling up solar energy contributions in industrial contexts, supporting informed decision-making toward achieving a low-carbon future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101569
Musa Bappah , Mustapha Yakubu Madaki , Tatiana Alexiou Ivanova , Lawan Garba Abubakar , Jiří Bradna
Energy is one of the global challenges attracting more concern at both local and international levels due to its impact on health and the environment. Ensuring accessibility to sustainable, affordable, reliable and modern energy is one of the SDG goals intended to be achieved before 2030. The standard of living of a family is determined by the type of energy and pattern of its utilization by the households. However, many households in developing countries are not using alternative energy sources despite their abundance and potential. This study investigates the predominant energy sources and drivers of intention to use alternative ones as cooking energy among households in Northeastern Nigeria. Three hundred and thirty-nine (339) households were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure for the study, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The result revealed that firewood and charcoal were the dominant energy sources used for cooking by households (63.13 % and 52.37 %, respectively) due to their relatively low cost and ease of access. Electricity, LPG, and solar are the cooking energy sources that over 90 % of households are willing to adopt as alternatives. The ease of using the alternative cooking energy sources their availability and accessing energy information via radio, NGOs and universities/research institutions affect the household's intention to use alternative cooking energy sources in a positive way. Ensuring a constant supply of electricity, subsidizing solar PV, making LPG available and affordable to households, provision of clean and modern stoves at a subsidized price and collaboration with universities, NGOs for awareness creation will help reduce deforestation and over-dependence on firewood, thereby protecting the health and the environment.
{"title":"Intention to use alternative cooking energy among households of Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"Musa Bappah , Mustapha Yakubu Madaki , Tatiana Alexiou Ivanova , Lawan Garba Abubakar , Jiří Bradna","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy is one of the global challenges attracting more concern at both local and international levels due to its impact on health and the environment. Ensuring accessibility to sustainable, affordable, reliable and modern energy is one of the SDG goals intended to be achieved before 2030. The standard of living of a family is determined by the type of energy and pattern of its utilization by the households. However, many households in developing countries are not using alternative energy sources despite their abundance and potential. This study investigates the predominant energy sources and drivers of intention to use alternative ones as cooking energy among households in Northeastern Nigeria. Three hundred and thirty-nine (339) households were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure for the study, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The result revealed that firewood and charcoal were the dominant energy sources used for cooking by households (63.13 % and 52.37 %, respectively) due to their relatively low cost and ease of access. Electricity, LPG, and solar are the cooking energy sources that over 90 % of households are willing to adopt as alternatives. The ease of using the alternative cooking energy sources their availability and accessing energy information via radio, NGOs and universities/research institutions affect the household's intention to use alternative cooking energy sources in a positive way. Ensuring a constant supply of electricity, subsidizing solar PV, making LPG available and affordable to households, provision of clean and modern stoves at a subsidized price and collaboration with universities, NGOs for awareness creation will help reduce deforestation and over-dependence on firewood, thereby protecting the health and the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101563
Mana Dastoum, Carmen Sanchez Guevara, Beatriz Arranz
In the realm of sustainable architecture and construction, facade design plays a crucial role in regulating building energy consumption by controlling factors such as daylight and thermal comfort. Traditional approaches have evolved to incorporate geometric patterns like tessellations, which offer both aesthetic and functional benefits. However, understanding the intricate relationship between tessellation patterns and energy efficiency remains a complex task. Although numerous literature reviews exist on energy-efficient building facades, only a few have specifically addressed the geometric aspects of facade design and their impact on energy performance. This study conducts a systematic review of existing literature, employing the PRISMA framework to uncover the nuanced effects and potential limitations of tessellation patterns. Of the 611 papers identified in the initial search, a large number were excluded based on selection criteria and screening, leaving a total of 36 papers for review. Among these, 22 studies specifically focused on tessellated patterns. The review identifies significant gaps in the literature: 40 % of studies concentrated on static shading screens, while only 28 % and 23 % addressed static and dynamic double-skin facades, respectively. Research on dynamic shading screens remains largely unexplored. Daylight performance was the most studied energy indicator (73 %), while thermal performance accounted for only 18 % of the focus. Additionally, 62 % of the studies focused on hot-arid and semi-arid climates. These findings highlight the need for further research on dynamic shading screens, the integration of daylight and thermal performance, diverse climate contexts, sustainable materials, smart controls, and practical designs for real-world application. The significance of this study extends beyond academia to architects, urban planners, and policymakers involved in sustainable building design and construction.
{"title":"Efficient daylighting and thermal performance through tessellation of geometric patterns in building façade: A systematic review","authors":"Mana Dastoum, Carmen Sanchez Guevara, Beatriz Arranz","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the realm of sustainable architecture and construction, facade design plays a crucial role in regulating building energy consumption by controlling factors such as daylight and thermal comfort. Traditional approaches have evolved to incorporate geometric patterns like tessellations, which offer both aesthetic and functional benefits. However, understanding the intricate relationship between tessellation patterns and energy efficiency remains a complex task. Although numerous literature reviews exist on energy-efficient building facades, only a few have specifically addressed the geometric aspects of facade design and their impact on energy performance. This study conducts a systematic review of existing literature, employing the PRISMA framework to uncover the nuanced effects and potential limitations of tessellation patterns. Of the 611 papers identified in the initial search, a large number were excluded based on selection criteria and screening, leaving a total of 36 papers for review. Among these, 22 studies specifically focused on tessellated patterns. The review identifies significant gaps in the literature: 40 % of studies concentrated on static shading screens, while only 28 % and 23 % addressed static and dynamic double-skin facades, respectively. Research on dynamic shading screens remains largely unexplored. Daylight performance was the most studied energy indicator (73 %), while thermal performance accounted for only 18 % of the focus. Additionally, 62 % of the studies focused on hot-arid and semi-arid climates. These findings highlight the need for further research on dynamic shading screens, the integration of daylight and thermal performance, diverse climate contexts, sustainable materials, smart controls, and practical designs for real-world application. The significance of this study extends beyond academia to architects, urban planners, and policymakers involved in sustainable building design and construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101558
Dominic Anto, Atul Mehta, Ashutosh Murti
Investments in energy access and clean energy for Global South countries are considered unprofitable or untenable unless the electrification projects open new avenues of income stream for the affected communities. This study proposes to use energy as a community currency to resolve the economy-ecology dichotomy, crowdfund the electrification project, provide an additional income stream to the community, and thereby ease the addition of clean energy capacity. The study compares the incomes, trade surplus, economic inequality, cost of reliable electricity, and carbon footprint of three newly electrified communities from Cambodia in three scenarios: before and after electrification and a simulated scenario when energy is used as a community currency. The simulated results from our study show that using energy as a community currency helps the newly electrified communities towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) better than conventional electrification. Our results suggest that using Energy as a community currency reduces the cost of reliable energy by at least 5 %, increases income levels by at least 4 %, and reduces the carbon footprint by at least 6 % for a newly electrified community when compared to the conventional electrification process. However, the effects on income inequality could not be confirmed. The results are also simulated with different proportions of household expenses towards externally produced goods, dominated by food expenses, which showed that using energy as a community currency benefits households with lesser dependency on externally produced goods. The overall results suggest that the use of community currency is likely to contribute towards poverty alleviation, access to electrified cooking, lesser consumption of fossil fuel, more hours of study time for children, affordable clean energy, decent economic growth, promote sustainable industrialization, incentivize responsible consumption and institutionalize self-sufficiency at the grass-roots level. Thus, it positively impacts 7 SDGs (#1, #7, #8, #9, #11, #12, #13) directly and 5 SDGs (#3, #4, #5, #6, #16) indirectly, leading to the sustainable development of newly electrified communities.
{"title":"Using energy as a community currency for sustainable development of newly electrified communities","authors":"Dominic Anto, Atul Mehta, Ashutosh Murti","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investments in energy access and clean energy for Global South countries are considered unprofitable or untenable unless the electrification projects open new avenues of income stream for the affected communities. This study proposes to use energy as a community currency to resolve the economy-ecology dichotomy, crowdfund the electrification project, provide an additional income stream to the community, and thereby ease the addition of clean energy capacity. The study compares the incomes, trade surplus, economic inequality, cost of reliable electricity, and carbon footprint of three newly electrified communities from Cambodia in three scenarios: before and after electrification and a simulated scenario when energy is used as a community currency. The simulated results from our study show that using energy as a community currency helps the newly electrified communities towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) better than conventional electrification. Our results suggest that using Energy as a community currency reduces the cost of reliable energy by at least 5 %, increases income levels by at least 4 %, and reduces the carbon footprint by at least 6 % for a newly electrified community when compared to the conventional electrification process. However, the effects on income inequality could not be confirmed. The results are also simulated with different proportions of household expenses towards externally produced goods, dominated by food expenses, which showed that using energy as a community currency benefits households with lesser dependency on externally produced goods. The overall results suggest that the use of community currency is likely to contribute towards poverty alleviation, access to electrified cooking, lesser consumption of fossil fuel, more hours of study time for children, affordable clean energy, decent economic growth, promote sustainable industrialization, incentivize responsible consumption and institutionalize self-sufficiency at the grass-roots level. Thus, it positively impacts 7 SDGs (#1, #7, #8, #9, #11, #12, #13) directly and 5 SDGs (#3, #4, #5, #6, #16) indirectly, leading to the sustainable development of newly electrified communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper argues that a fit-for-purpose model and datasets are necessary to generate transition pathways for the electricity generation sector at the subnational level. We present the methodology, data, and results focusing at a sub-national level, the state of West Bengal in India. The approach can be generalized for any region with necessary customization. By utilizing high-resolution spatio-temporal input datasets, this study proposes a power sector capacity expansion model to compute three sets of transitional scenarios and one set of the current-as-usual scenario. These scenarios consider sub-national energy carrier-resource constraints and are solved to identify the most economically cost efficient future transition pathway for the electricity sector in West Bengal. Based on the least-cost solution, computations determine the optimal energy mix, operations, investments, and emissions for alternative scenarios. The results show that integrating demand-side flexibility (DSF) as a balancing option can lead to transformative outcomes. Compared to the current capacity expansion trend (ScenCA), adopting a thermal mix renewable scenario with intraday load-shifting (ScenTMDSF) could reduce 77% of emissions by 2040. This does not necessitate early retirement of existing thermal power plants, total investment increases by 13% compared to ScenCA. Without DSF as a balancing option, an additional 26% investment is required compared to the current-as-usual scenario for 2040. Transitioning to 100% renewable energy (ScenREN) requires 30% more investment, early retirement of 5.34 GW of thermal capacity, and nearly 2.7 times more storage battery capacity. These numbers help in understanding the magnitude of the financial resource and kind of technological need for the developing countries not only from the point of view of equitable climate action from burden sharing and just transition principles but also provides practical example of need for redirecting global capital for creating global good through subnational scale actions.
{"title":"Power sector transition plan of a coal-rich region in India with high-resolution spatio-temporal data based model","authors":"Sourish Chatterjee , Joyashree Roy , Arijit Mukherjee , Oleg Lugovoy , Anupam Debsarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper argues that a fit-for-purpose model and datasets are necessary to generate transition pathways for the electricity generation sector at the subnational level. We present the methodology, data, and results focusing at a sub-national level, the state of West Bengal in India. The approach can be generalized for any region with necessary customization. By utilizing high-resolution spatio-temporal input datasets, this study proposes a power sector capacity expansion model to compute three sets of transitional scenarios and one set of the current-as-usual scenario. These scenarios consider sub-national energy carrier-resource constraints and are solved to identify the most economically cost efficient future transition pathway for the electricity sector in West Bengal. Based on the least-cost solution, computations determine the optimal energy mix, operations, investments, and emissions for alternative scenarios. The results show that integrating demand-side flexibility (DSF) as a balancing option can lead to transformative outcomes. Compared to the current capacity expansion trend (ScenCA), adopting a thermal mix renewable scenario with intraday load-shifting (ScenTMDSF) could reduce 77% of <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> emissions by 2040. This does not necessitate early retirement of existing thermal power plants, total investment increases by 13% compared to ScenCA. Without DSF as a balancing option, an additional 26% investment is required compared to the current-as-usual scenario for 2040. Transitioning to 100% renewable energy (ScenREN) requires 30% more investment, early retirement of 5.34 GW of thermal capacity, and nearly 2.7 times more storage battery capacity. These numbers help in understanding the magnitude of the financial resource and kind of technological need for the developing countries not only from the point of view of equitable climate action from burden sharing and just transition principles but also provides practical example of need for redirecting global capital for creating global good through subnational scale actions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101559
Propana Okionomus Ali , Kyung Nam Kim
Greenhouse gas emissions are being reduced by several countries in response to global climate change. Indonesia must prioritize its policies, strategies, and measures in relation to its commitment to sustainable development. This study examines the priority criteria and alternatives for energy transition, energy-related measures, mining sector governance, and resource transition in Indonesia. The proposed tool is based on an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the results show that the order of priority is energy transition (0.3211), energy-related measures (0.2651), mining sector governance (0.2202), and resource transition (0.1935). The top priorities of the alternatives are national energy policy, electricity sector reforms, and energy infrastructure development. The sensitivity analysis results show that a higher priority for energy transition is placed on electricity sector reforms, national energy policies, and energy infrastructure development. Higher priority on energy-related measures provides advice on electricity sector reforms, energy infrastructure development, and renewable energy incentives. Higher priority in mining governance provides priority to environmental regulations, licensing and permitting frameworks, transparency, and accountability. Finally, resource transition prioritizes supply chain reliability and security, extraction and processing technologies, and resource extraction and mining of the environmental impact of critical minerals. The findings of this study reveal stakeholders' insight into decision-making when selecting the priority of those criteria and provide optimal alternative options for most policies, strategies, and measures to be improved and implemented.
{"title":"Analysis of Indonesia's priority selection: Energy transition, energy-related measures, mining governance, and resource transition using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)","authors":"Propana Okionomus Ali , Kyung Nam Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenhouse gas emissions are being reduced by several countries in response to global climate change. Indonesia must prioritize its policies, strategies, and measures in relation to its commitment to sustainable development. This study examines the priority criteria and alternatives for energy transition, energy-related measures, mining sector governance, and resource transition in Indonesia. The proposed tool is based on an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the results show that the order of priority is energy transition (0.3211), energy-related measures (0.2651), mining sector governance (0.2202), and resource transition (0.1935). The top priorities of the alternatives are national energy policy, electricity sector reforms, and energy infrastructure development. The sensitivity analysis results show that a higher priority for energy transition is placed on electricity sector reforms, national energy policies, and energy infrastructure development. Higher priority on energy-related measures provides advice on electricity sector reforms, energy infrastructure development, and renewable energy incentives. Higher priority in mining governance provides priority to environmental regulations, licensing and permitting frameworks, transparency, and accountability. Finally, resource transition prioritizes supply chain reliability and security, extraction and processing technologies, and resource extraction and mining of the environmental impact of critical minerals. The findings of this study reveal stakeholders' insight into decision-making when selecting the priority of those criteria and provide optimal alternative options for most policies, strategies, and measures to be improved and implemented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101559"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101546
Mark M. Akrofi , Benjamin C. McLellan , Mahesti Okitasari
The global shift towards renewable energy sources presents promising prospects for environmental sustainability and social welfare. However, without proper management, this transition risks exacerbating disparities, creating winners and losers in the process. Achieving a just energy transition demands equitable distribution of benefits and costs alongside inclusive decision-making processes. Nonetheless, transition dynamics vary widely across contexts, necessitating a nuanced understanding of local specificities. This study identifies and characterizes injustices within renewable energy projects in Africa through a systematic review of 26 studies from 11 countries. Using content and thematic analysis supported by Atlas.ti software, various forms of injustice — distributive, procedural, recognition, and restorative — were delineated. Distributive injustices accounted for 58 % of all injustices, while procedural, restorative and recognition injustices accounted for 18 %, 15 %, and 9 %, respectively. Distributive injustices primarily arose from project siting, resource conflicts, the objectives of the renewable energy projects (grid stability vs local connectivity), and disparities in job creation. Procedural injustices manifested as regime dominance and limited community participation. Restorative injustices often manifested as inadequate mitigative measures and compensation, while marginalization and inadequate representation of vulnerable and minority groups underscored recognition injustices. The effects of these injustices included inequalities (49 %), resource dispossession (18 %), institutional lock-in (12 %), resource strains (6 %), and migration of labor force (6 %), among others. Additionally, the study highlights potentially misconstrued injustices arising from local communities' misunderstanding of the objectives and benefits of renewable energy projects in their localities. Overall, the findings underscore the subjective and context-specific nature of justice in energy transitions, emphasizing the need to consider contextual factors when delineating what injustices are in clean energy initiatives across diverse African contexts.
{"title":"Characterizing ‘injustices’ in clean energy transitions in Africa","authors":"Mark M. Akrofi , Benjamin C. McLellan , Mahesti Okitasari","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The global shift towards renewable energy sources presents promising prospects for environmental sustainability and social welfare. However, without proper management, this transition risks exacerbating disparities, creating winners and losers in the process. Achieving a just energy transition demands equitable distribution of benefits and costs alongside inclusive decision-making processes. Nonetheless, transition dynamics vary widely across contexts, necessitating a nuanced understanding of local specificities. This study identifies and characterizes injustices within renewable energy projects in Africa through a systematic review of 26 studies from 11 countries. Using content and thematic analysis supported by Atlas.ti software, various forms of injustice — distributive, procedural, recognition, and restorative — were delineated. Distributive injustices accounted for 58 % of all injustices, while procedural, restorative and recognition injustices accounted for 18 %, 15 %, and 9 %, respectively. Distributive injustices primarily arose from project siting, resource conflicts, the objectives of the renewable energy projects (grid stability vs local connectivity), and disparities in job creation. Procedural injustices manifested as regime dominance and limited community participation. Restorative injustices often manifested as inadequate mitigative measures and compensation, while marginalization and inadequate representation of vulnerable and minority groups underscored recognition injustices. The effects of these injustices included inequalities (49 %), resource dispossession (18 %), institutional lock-in (12 %), resource strains (6 %), and migration of labor force (6 %), among others. Additionally, the study highlights potentially misconstrued injustices arising from local communities' misunderstanding of the objectives and benefits of renewable energy projects in their localities. Overall, the findings underscore the subjective and context-specific nature of justice in energy transitions, emphasizing the need to consider contextual factors when delineating what injustices are in clean energy initiatives across diverse African contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082624001728/pdfft?md5=4d541650647032979821dcab42c4c201&pid=1-s2.0-S0973082624001728-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indian Industry is gearing up to leverage hydrogen's potential as an alternative to fossil fuels. This paper answers three related questions that would help scale green hydrogen in Indian industry vital for sustainable development. First, is there an economic case for green hydrogen production in terms of cost-competitiveness compared to other hydrogen production sources i.e., coal and natural gas? Second, what is the cheapest way to subsidize green hydrogen? Third, how policies and frameworks can be designed to produce and procure green hydrogen at scale? Key findings include. First, at present, the levelized cost of green hydrogen is USD 4.45/Kg, which reduces to USD 3.26/Kg by 2025 and USD 2.45/Kg by 2030. The present cost of green hydrogen is nearly twice that of hydrogen produced from coal and about four times that of hydrogen produced from natural gas. In the absence of policy support, green hydrogen may become competitive in India only after 2030. Second, upfront Capital expenditure subsidy is the most suited cost-effective policy option with partial viability gap coverage, and its combination with Generation based incentive for 100 % coverage. Third, subsidies need to be complemented with deployment-based policies such as hydrogen portfolio standard (HPS) for scale adoption of green hydrogen in Indian industry.
{"title":"At scale adoption of Green Hydrogen in Indian Industry: Costs, subsidies and policies","authors":"Abhinav Jindal , Gireesh Shrimali , Nishant Tiwary","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indian Industry is gearing up to leverage hydrogen's potential as an alternative to fossil fuels. This paper answers three related questions that would help scale green hydrogen in Indian industry vital for sustainable development. First, is there an economic case for green hydrogen production in terms of cost-competitiveness compared to other hydrogen production sources i.e., coal and natural gas? Second, what is the cheapest way to subsidize green hydrogen? Third, how policies and frameworks can be designed to produce and procure green hydrogen at scale? Key findings include. First, at present, the levelized cost of green hydrogen is USD 4.45/Kg, which reduces to USD 3.26/Kg by 2025 and USD 2.45/Kg by 2030. The present cost of green hydrogen is nearly twice that of hydrogen produced from coal and about four times that of hydrogen produced from natural gas. In the absence of policy support, green hydrogen may become competitive in India only after 2030. Second, upfront Capital expenditure subsidy is the most suited cost-effective policy option with partial viability gap coverage, and its combination with Generation based incentive for 100 % coverage. Third, subsidies need to be complemented with deployment-based policies such as hydrogen portfolio standard (HPS) for scale adoption of green hydrogen in Indian industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号