Energy for Sustainable Development最新文献

This study investigates the ability of urban areas to produce sustainable energy, focusing on three types of residential urban structures found in the semi-arid climate of Guelma, Algeria. The focus is on two types of renewable technology: solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal (ST). A bottom-up methodology focusing on energy modeling via CitySim Pro allows us to understand the solar potential of urban forms and identify better urban configurations for the integration of hybrid solar PV/ST systems. After conducting a thorough analysis of multiple parameters in previous scientific literature, five key indicators were identified to describe the morphology of the chosen models. These indicators are density, compactness, site coverage, height/width ratio, and floor area ratio. The correlation study found that urban form has a significant impact on the potential for hybrid solar energy production. However, morphological indicators have a different impact on the production of (PV) and (ST), implying that they influence photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal (ST) electricity production in different ways. In the absence of an optimal urban configuration for hybrid production, the archetypal large-scale housing estate built by the public sector in the 2000s appears to be an excellent model for the specific context of Guelma. This may lead to higher PV electricity production (992.25 kWh/m²/year) and lower ST output (193.2 kWh/m²/year). The obtained results are consistent with the findings of previous studies, confirming that the selected parameters have a high correlation with PV technology indicators and a low correlation with ST technology. The findings show that installing PV/ST hybrid panels on a section of the building's exterior can adequately meet their energy needs.

Besides solar and wind energy sources for achieving sustainable energy generation, developing nuclear energy (NU) could be crucial. With recent technological improvements, NU's significance as an effective agent for improving environmental quality is enhanced. Added to the technological point of view, the impressive NU potentials of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) nations make these countries a significant region to asses NU development. Also, China has considerable technological capabilities to expand NU development in viable BRI countries. To assess the viability of BRI countries for sustainable NU development, this research presents a strategic assessment framework considering ecological and economic aspects. First, we establish a customized evaluation system based on NU features, including economic basis, electricity market, political index, social affluence, ecological metrics and NU potentials criteria. Secondly, multi-dimensional verbal distribution judgment sets were constructed to gather experts' assessment opinions. Then, we rank the BRI countries in terms of their suitability for sustainable NU development considering their experience in NU technology. Finally, sensitivity analyses are used to validate the proposed framework. The results suggest India, Indonesia, and Singapore are the top alternatives for NU development. The obtained findings can assist Chinese and BRI countries' authorities in developing win-win international cooperation.

The increasing penetration of variable renewables poses major challenges in energy systems with limited flexibility. However, there are many solutions to support variable renewable integration when utilizing potential synergies among the different energy sectors. This research examines the technical and environmental effects of electrifying the transport and heating sectors in a coal-based energy system with limited flexibility, aiming to support the integration of variable renewable energy. Scenario analysis is employed to evaluate the use of heat pumps with thermal storage (power-to-heat) for individual heating solutions, electric vehicles, and Vehicle-to-Grid in the transport sector. These measures are evaluated as the primary means for enhancing the energy system flexibility to accommodate a larger share of variable renewables. Additionally, a dynamic analysis was conducted on thermal power plant operational capacities and efficiencies under varying electrification rates and renewable energy shares. The analysis is developed in the EnergyPLAN model using Kosovo energy system as a case study. The results confirm that the electrification of the heating and transport sectors positively impacts the integration of variable renewable energy by reducing critical excess electricity production and CO₂ emissions, while power-to-heat and Vehicle-to-Grid facilitate synergies among different energy sectors. However, scenarios with high shares of variable renewable energy present challenges for the nominal operation of thermal power plants, potentially leading to lower operational efficiencies and slightly higher CO₂ emissions compared to scenarios where thermal power plant part-load efficiency remains unchanged.

Geothermal energy has emerged as a transformative renewable resource in Kenya's energy landscape, offering immense potential for sustainable power generation in the current century. This review paper aims at identifying challenges experienced in geothermal energy in Kenya with environmental and health impacts from the output through a review study. The study used a descriptive systematic approach with consideration of existing relevant journals, Energy Act and policies and other grey reports from international bodies. A total of 132 peer reviewed journal articles were considered in the study depending on the themes considered. Currently, the extraction of geothermal energy is at 889 MW from the potential 10,000 MW from 14 potential sites. The findings from the study show that environmental challenges can be experienced in site preparation, plant construction, during the operation and during the decommissioning. During the process, environmental impacts such as surface disturbance, solid and liquid waste, seismic activities, impact on air quality, air pollution, forest and biodiversity and chemical pollution from waste and surface disruption have been experienced. During the drilling process, the exposure of geothermal fluids leads to fouling of heavy metals and gases potential of health challenges such as eye irritation, respiratory, neurological effects when safe thresholds are exceeded. The findings show that despite the increase in exploration, the health effects remain within the standards set by the WHO. The environmental effects are not widespread, indicating that geothermal energy's impact is manageable and within containable limits.

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology stands out as a cornerstone in Bangladesh's journey towards achieving net-zero emissions, representing a crucial building block in the country's sustainable energy transition plan. However, rapid land use change and the lack of suitable land for developing PV pose significant barriers to achieving Bangladesh's renewable energy targets and decarbonisation goals towards a net-zero transition. Our analysis of the predevelopment land use state of ten existing solar PV plants in Bangladesh reveals a substantial use of scarce agricultural land for their establishment. Therefore, to identify pathways for overcoming the challenges, this study reassesses Bangladesh's geographic and technical potential for solar PV using geospatial modelling by considering local contexts. Our investigation encompasses Rooftop PV (RPV), Ground-mounted PV (GPV), Floating PV (FPV), and Agrivoltaic (APV) systems. To identify suitable areas and quantify potential, we employ a comprehensive exclusion model and system-specific suitability models using the QGIS platform. Utilising the latest spatial datasets, including footprint data comprising approximately 20 million buildings, a 10 metre (m) resolution land cover map, and bathymetry data, our study provides a robust analysis. The results of our models present a holistic view of Bangladesh's solar PV potential, estimating about 30 GWp for RPV, 9 GWp for GPV, 5 GWp for FPV, and 81 GWp for APV applications. Given the escalating urbanisation in Bangladesh, our findings recommend diversifying solar PV deployment with a focus on RPV and other PV systems that offer dual use of land to facilitate a smoother energy transition towards sustainable development.

As electric vehicle (EV) batteries degrade to 80 % of their full capacity, they become unsuitable for electric vehicle propulsion but remain viable for energy storage applications in solar and wind power plants. This study aims to estimate the energy storage potential of used-EV batteries for stationary applications in the Indian context. To estimate the renewable energy generation and used-EV capacity, the study adopted International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) growth scenarios for renewable energy growth and electric vehicle growth, respectively. Battery degradation models for popular battery chemistries in electric vehicle mobility, namely Lithium Iron Phosphate, Lithium Manganese Oxide, and Nickel Manganese Cobalt, are employed to estimate reusable battery capacity. The first life for these battery chemistries, for mobility applications, ranges from 3.5 to 7 years. Results indicate an estimated storage potential of 1300–1870 GWh in used electric vehicle batteries in India by 2038. This is equivalent to 17 % – 39 % of average daily energy generation from solar and wind power plants in various scenarios by the year 2038. This research contributes to SDG-7 by facilitating clean energy accessibility through renewable energy storage and supports emission reduction efforts in transportation and energy sectors, thereby fostering sustainable cities (SDG-11).

Currently, fossil fuels supply the aviation industry with nearly all of its energy requirements. The dependence on this has rendered an economically sustainable system unsustainable. Some steps have been implemented in response to environmental pressures. Depollution and the utilization of renewable energy sources are two approaches to environmental pollution mitigation. Utilizing the Circular Economy (CE) methodology, this study generates crucial recommendations to mitigate cabin waste. These include facilities for converting waste into energy, food donation centers, and the production of fertilizer and animal feed for airports. A conceptual design and assessment of the viability of an Anaerobic Digestion (AD) facility for cabin waste at Antalya Airport were conducted as part of this research endeavor. Remarkable findings of the research include the production of an estimated 36.7 tons.day⁻¹ of edible food for the donation center, 2.5 tons.day⁻¹ of CH₄, and 5.4 tons.day⁻¹ of fertilizer. The combined heat and power unit (CHP) has the capacity to produce approximately 340 kWh of thermal energy and 514 kWh of electricity with biogas.

With the accelerating deployment of renewable energy, photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) have gained increasing research attention in extremely cold regions. However, the extreme low temperatures pose significant challenges to the performance and reliability of such systems. This paper reviews the current progress in PV-BESS technologies and applications in extreme cold climates. The major technical challenges are discussed, including the impacts of low temperatures on PV and battery efficiency, snow and icing effects, and difficulties in system modeling and optimization. Recent solutions are analyzed, such as advanced PV module designs, battery thermal controls, anti-icing coatings, and sensors. Case studies of existing PV-BESS demonstration projects in cold regions are presented, and key lessons learned from real-world operation data are summarized. The economic feasibility and policy incentives for promoting PV-BESS in cold areas are also examined. Finally, recommendations for further research and development are provided to overcome the limitations and knowledge gaps. This review covers the current state-of-the-art in PV-BESS systems suited for extreme cold environments, providing insights for researchers and engineers working on advancing renewable energy in these challenging climates. Key findings indicate that despite technical hurdles, PV-BESS systems show promising potential in extreme cold regions through continued system optimization, cost reduction, and supportive policies.

Power system flexibility resources (PSFR) are conducive to the construction of new power system and the early realization of the “Dual Carbon” goal in China. Although the development of PSFR is accelerating in China, it is still remains challenging to meet the demands of the energy transition due to various barriers that hinder it. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, as a typical region, plays a crucial role in the development of PSFR. Thus, this paper constructs an objective research framework to effectively analysis barriers and promotes the development of PSFR in the region. Firstly, based on the analysis of the current situation of PSF, 15 barriers affecting its development are identified. Then, the barrier identification framework is constructed to study the prominence of the above barriers and their transmission pathways. The results show that five barriers are considered critical to developing PSFR in the region. Accordingly, this paper proposes recommendations to alleviate or eliminate the critical barriers, thus promoting the development of PSFR.