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Green hydrogen production from biomass in Kenya: Geospatial feedstock assessment and decentralized energy system integration 肯尼亚生物质绿色制氢：地理空间原料评估和分散式能源系统集成

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101842

Leila Bekrik , Auwal Ahmad Musa , Friday Adejoho Ogwu

Green hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a critical energy carrier for global decarbonization. Sub-Saharan Africa possesses abundant biomass resources that could support decentralized hydrogen systems; however, spatially explicit assessments remain limited. This study conducts a geospatial evaluation of forestry residues, crop wastes, and livestock manure across Kenya's 47 counties. Biomass availability was estimated using land cover and productivity datasets. Three biomass-to‑hydrogen pathways—gasification, pyrolysis, and fermentation—were compared using a decision matrix based on yield, efficiency, feedstock compatibility, cost, and technology readiness. Gasification emerged as the most suitable option for Kenya, achieving ~60 kg H₂ per tonne of biomass and 60–70 % conversion efficiency, and was therefore selected for detailed modeling. Hydrogen yields were estimated through a stoichiometric gasification model, while Sankey flow diagrams were used to trace mass and energy balances. Scenario analysis considered both technical maximum and realistic utilization potentials. Croplands and forest residues were identified as higher-quality feedstocks than shrublands. Under technical maximum conditions, hydrogen production potential reaches ~400,000 t per year. A moderate 20 % utilization scenario projects ~70,000 t annually by 2035. Environmental co-benefits include up to 0.9 MtCO₂e in emission offsets via biochar application and fossil fuel substitution. Overall, Kenya's biomass resources can sustain decentralized hydrogen pathways that advance both energy transition and rural development goals. Geospatially targeted feedstock mapping provides a replicable framework for policy, infrastructure planning, and climate co-benefit integration in emerging economies.

绿色氢越来越被认为是全球脱碳的重要能源载体。撒哈拉以南非洲拥有丰富的生物质资源，可以支持分散式氢系统；然而，空间明确的评估仍然有限。本研究对肯尼亚47个县的林业废弃物、作物废弃物和牲畜粪便进行了地理空间评估。利用土地覆盖和生产力数据集估算生物量可用性。利用基于产量、效率、原料相容性、成本和技术成熟度的决策矩阵，对三种生物质制氢途径（气化、热解和发酵）进行了比较。气化成为肯尼亚最合适的选择，实现每吨生物质约60 kg H₂和60 - 70%的转化效率，因此被选中进行详细建模。氢气产量通过化学计量气化模型估计，而桑基流程图用于追踪质量和能量平衡。情景分析考虑了技术最大限度和现实利用潜力。农田和森林残余物被认为是比灌木地质量更高的原料。在技术极限条件下，氢气生产潜力可达40万吨/年。到2035年，20%的适度利用率预计将达到每年7万吨。环境效益包括通过生物炭应用和化石燃料替代抵消高达90万吨二氧化碳的排放。总体而言，肯尼亚的生物质资源可以维持分散的氢途径，从而推进能源转型和农村发展目标。以地理空间为目标的原料测绘为新兴经济体的政策、基础设施规划和气候协同效益整合提供了可复制的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental implications of using different kilns for charcoal production: A case study of Mexican sector 使用不同窑生产木炭对环境的影响：墨西哥部门的案例研究

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101865

Juan García-Quezada , Leonardo Vásquez-Ibarra , Ricardo Musule-Lagunes , Artemio Carrillo-Parra , Araceli Guadalupe Romero-Izquierdo

This paper analyzes the environmental performance of charcoal production of five kiln technologies: industrial metal kiln, Brazilian beehive kiln, modified Brazilian beehive kiln, Argentinean half-orange kiln, and modified Argentinean half-orange kiln. For this purpose, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was used focusing on the analysis of global warming, human toxicity, both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic, marine and terrestrial ecotoxicity, and ozone formation. The pyrolysis stage is the main source of environmental impacts, in all categories assessed. Industrial metal kilns demonstrated the lowest environmental impact due to their ability to capture emissions during pyrolysis. However, their high initial cost limits their widespread use. On the other hand, masonry kilns, especially the Argentinean half-orange models and their modified version, offer good performance in terms of both environmental impact and economic viability. This highlights the need to optimize the charcoal value chain, particularly in the utilization of by-products, e.g., tar, to further reduce environmental impacts and improve the economic sustainability of more efficient kiln technologies. The adoption of more efficient and environmentally sustainable technologies is essential to mitigate the negative impacts of charcoal production on the environment and human health. The recommendations focus on the need for investment in advanced technologies and improvements in by-product management to ensure cleaner and more efficient production.

本文分析了工业金属窑、巴西蜂窝窑、改性巴西蜂窝窑、阿根廷半橘窑、改性阿根廷半橘窑五种窑炉技术在木炭生产中的环保性能。为此，使用了生命周期评估（LCA）方法，重点分析了全球变暖、人类毒性（致癌性和非致癌性）、海洋和陆地生态毒性以及臭氧形成。在所有评估的类别中，热解阶段是环境影响的主要来源。工业金属窑对环境的影响最小，因为它们能够在热解过程中捕获排放物。然而，它们高昂的初始成本限制了它们的广泛使用。另一方面，砖窑，特别是阿根廷的半橙色模型及其改进版本，在环境影响和经济可行性方面都提供了良好的性能。这突出表明需要优化木炭价值链，特别是在利用副产品（如焦油）方面，以进一步减少对环境的影响，并提高更有效的窑炉技术的经济可持续性。采用更有效和环境上可持续的技术对于减轻木炭生产对环境和人类健康的负面影响至关重要。建议的重点是需要投资于先进技术和改进副产品管理，以确保更清洁和更有效的生产。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the socio-economic and environmental impacts of renewable energy deployment: A global perspective 评估可再生能源部署的社会经济和环境影响：全球视角

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101863

Ankur Srivastava , Pradeep Kumar Meena , Chitresh Nayak , Chaitanya Girish Burande , Chandrika S Wagle , Sagar Shelare

The rapid and widespread implementation of renewable energy (RE) systems across various sectors is vital to mitigating global warming. This study synthesizes insights from 270 peer-reviewed articles published over the past decade, examining the social, economic, and environmental impacts of RE technologies. It highlights recurring themes, challenges, opportunities, and divergences in findings shaped by regional and contextual factors. Social dimensions—particularly trust in institutions and the quality of governance—emerge as key enablers of RE adoption. The concept of place attachment also receives attention, although its role remains contested, with studies divided on whether it facilitates or obstructs RE initiatives. Economically, while the global agenda favors sustainable energy, many developed and developing countries continue to prioritize fossil fuel development for economic growth. Environmentally, much of the literature focuses on the localized negative impacts of RE projects, often underemphasizing their broader climate mitigation benefits. Additionally, there is a significant lack of research on the environmental implications of RE deployment in low-income countries. Two critical research gaps are identified: the need to further explore the benefits of co-locating RE infrastructure in developing economies and the importance of integrating First Nations perspectives and active participation in RE research and project planning.

在各个部门迅速和广泛地实施可再生能源（RE）系统对于减缓全球变暖至关重要。本研究综合了过去十年发表的270篇同行评议文章的见解，研究了可再生能源技术的社会、经济和环境影响。它强调了反复出现的主题、挑战、机遇以及受区域和背景因素影响的研究结果的差异。社会层面——特别是对机构的信任和治理质量——成为采用可再生能源的关键推动因素。地点依恋的概念也受到了关注，尽管它的作用仍然存在争议，关于它是促进还是阻碍RE倡议的研究存在分歧。在经济上，虽然全球议程支持可持续能源，但许多发达国家和发展中国家继续将化石燃料开发作为经济增长的优先事项。在环境方面，许多文献侧重于可再生能源项目的局部负面影响，往往低估了其更广泛的气候缓解效益。此外，对低收入国家部署可再生能源的环境影响的研究明显缺乏。确定了两个关键的研究缺口：需要进一步探索在发展中经济体共同安置可再生能源基础设施的好处，以及整合原住民观点和积极参与可再生能源研究和项目规划的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Global overview of agrivoltaic system: The future security for food and energy 农业光伏系统全球概览：未来粮食和能源安全

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101870

Urvashi Patel , Suprava Chakraborty

Agrivoltaic (AV) systems, which represent a sophisticated integration of solar energy generation techniques alongside conventional agricultural practices, offer a promising and strategically viable approach to effectively address the rapidly escalating global demand for renewable energy sources, while simultaneously promoting the sustainable utilization of land resources in an era of environmental concern. This novel concept fulfills sustainable development goals (SDG) 2, 3, 7, 9, 12, and 13. This comprehensive systematic review article meticulously investigates the multifaceted dimensions of AV such as installation management, advanced technologies (artificial intelligence/machine learning) into AV frameworks for both crop cultivation and livestock shelter purpose, significant microclimate alterations, the shading influences on crop productivity and optimization of land use practices to maximize efficiency as well as sustainability. This review shows that the Land Equivalence Ratio (LER) consistently greater than 1.0, validating the enhanced productivity of co-location. Ultimately, the review conducts a thorough evaluation of the intricate international policy environment by providing a clear, structured framework that categorizes policies into financial, regulatory, and technological enablers. That could potentially facilitate and expedite the widespread adoption of this innovatively transformative technology within the agricultural and energy sectors. Research and development suggested for recommend PV synergies at every different aspects for future farmovoltaics application. This review provides a detailed overview of AV potential as a sustainable, economically feasible, and strategically advantageous solution for future agricultural practices as well as energy production in a rapidly changing world.

农业光伏（AV）系统代表了太阳能发电技术与传统农业实践的复杂整合，为有效解决全球对可再生能源快速增长的需求提供了一种有前途和战略上可行的方法，同时在环境问题时代促进土地资源的可持续利用。这个新颖的概念实现了可持续发展目标（SDG） 2、3、7、9、12和13。这篇全面的系统综述文章细致地研究了AV的多个方面，如安装管理，先进技术（人工智能/机器学习）纳入作物种植和牲畜庇护所的AV框架，显著的小气候变化，遮阳对作物生产力的影响以及优化土地利用实践，以最大限度地提高效率和可持续性。研究表明，土地等效比（LER）持续大于1.0，验证了共址的生产力提高。最后，本报告通过提供一个清晰、结构化的框架，将政策分为金融、监管和技术推动因素，对错综复杂的国际政策环境进行全面评估。这可能会促进和加快这一创新变革技术在农业和能源部门的广泛采用。研究和发展建议建议光伏协同效应在各个不同的方面，为未来的农业光伏应用。这篇综述详细概述了在快速变化的世界中，AV作为一种可持续的、经济上可行的、具有战略优势的解决方案在未来农业实践和能源生产中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an ESG evaluation framework for China's energy industry using the PSR–AHP model 运用PSR-AHP模型构建中国能源行业ESG评估框架

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101877

Lin Mengyuan , Takehiko Murayama , Shigeo Nishikizawa , Kultip Suwanteep

In recent years, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations have emerged as critical tools for evaluating the sustainable development capacity of economic entities, with information disclosure serving as an essential component of ESG assessment frameworks. However, in China, ESG disclosure among enterprises, particularly within the energy industry, remains insufficient. Moreover, most existing evaluation systems are adapted from foreign models and fail to account for the unique characteristics of Chinese enterprises and industry-specific contexts. To address these shortcomings, this study develops an ESG evaluation system tailored to the Chinese energy industry by integrating the pressure–state–response (PSR) model with the analytic hierarchy process. The proposed system comprises a three-level structure, including a goal layer encompassing environmental performance, social responsibility, and corporate governance; a first criteria layer subdivided into 9 PSR-based categories; and a second criteria layer containing 32 specific indicators. To ensure comprehensive and socially relevant weighting of the indicators, surveys were conducted among both experts and practitioners, and the aggregation of individual judgments method was employed to synthesize their assessments. The evaluation system was applied to five major state-owned Chinese energy enterprises, whose combined installed capacity represented over half of the national total, using ESG disclosure data from 2019 to 2023. The results indicate that while these enterprises generally achieved high ESG scores (all exceeding 0.75), their performance exhibited notable fluctuations, particularly in the environmental and governance dimensions. Environmental performance emerged as the most influential and volatile factor, underscoring its central role in shaping overall ESG outcomes. Social performance showed steady improvement, while governance performance followed a fluctuating trajectory before eventually rebounding. These findings highlight the necessity of developing stricter environmental standards alongside an ESG evaluation framework that accounts for industry-specific characteristics, in order to promote sustainable development and accelerate the green transformation of China's energy sector.

近年来，环境、社会和治理（ESG）因素已成为评估经济实体可持续发展能力的重要工具，信息披露是ESG评估框架的重要组成部分。然而，在中国，企业特别是能源行业的企业的ESG信息披露仍然不足。此外，大多数现有的评估体系都是借鉴国外模型，未能考虑到中国企业的独特特征和行业具体背景。针对这些不足，本研究将压力-状态-响应（PSR）模型与层次分析法相结合，构建了适合中国能源行业的ESG评价体系。该体系由三层结构组成，其中目标层包括环境绩效、社会责任和公司治理；第一个标准层细分为9个基于psr的类别；第二个标准层包含32个具体指标。为确保各指标的权重具有全面性和社会相关性，我们对专家和从业人员进行了问卷调查，并采用个人判断聚合法对他们的评价进行综合。该评估体系采用2019年至2023年的ESG披露数据，应用于中国五大国有能源企业，其总装机容量占全国总装机容量的一半以上。结果表明，虽然这些企业的ESG得分普遍较高（均超过0.75），但其绩效波动明显，特别是在环境和治理维度上。环境绩效成为最具影响力和最不稳定的因素，强调了其在塑造整体ESG成果方面的核心作用。社会绩效稳步改善，而治理绩效则在最终反弹之前经历了波动。这些发现强调了制定更严格的环境标准以及考虑行业特定特征的ESG评估框架的必要性，以促进可持续发展并加速中国能源部门的绿色转型。

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引用次数: 0

Biogas and the circular economy: Rethinking rural employment in Limpopo, South Africa 沼气与循环经济：重新思考南非林波波省的农村就业

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101882

Thilivhali Rasimphi , David Tinarwo , Sophie Mulaudzi

Biogas technology presents a viable pathway to address energy poverty and unemployment in rural South Africa, offering clean energy from organic waste while creating opportunities for income generation. Despite its potential, adoption in Limpopo Province remains low, constrained by economic, technical, and socio-cultural barriers. This study investigates how biogas initiatives contribute to job creation and livelihood improvement, using a qualitative, grounded theory approach. Data were collected through 22 semi-structured interviews with households, technicians, youth entrepreneurs, and policymakers across Sekhukhune, Capricorn, and Vhembe districts. The findings show that biogas projects generate both direct employment, in activities such as digester construction, installation, and maintenance, and indirect employment through the production and use of biofertilizer. However, uptake is limited by high installation costs, insufficient technical support, and fragmented policy and institutional frameworks. To enhance adoption and employment outcomes, the study recommends targeted subsidies, ongoing technical training, and inclusive public–private partnerships. These insights underline the importance of community-centered strategies that integrate technical, economic, and social considerations, offering practical guidance for policymakers and development practitioners seeking to promote sustainable energy solutions and improve livelihoods in rural South African communities.

沼气技术为解决南非农村的能源贫困和失业问题提供了一条可行的途径，从有机废物中提供清洁能源，同时创造创收机会。尽管有潜力，林波波省的采用率仍然很低，受到经济、技术和社会文化障碍的限制。本研究采用定性的、扎根的理论方法，调查了沼气倡议如何有助于创造就业机会和改善生计。数据是通过对Sekhukhune、Capricorn和Vhembe地区的家庭、技术人员、青年企业家和政策制定者进行的22次半结构化访谈收集的。研究结果表明，沼气项目既能在沼气池建设、安装和维护等活动中创造直接就业机会，也能通过生产和使用生物肥料创造间接就业机会。然而，由于安装成本高、技术支持不足以及政策和体制框架不统一，这种吸收受到限制。为了提高采用率和就业成果，该研究建议有针对性的补贴、持续的技术培训和包容性的公私伙伴关系。这些见解强调了以社区为中心的战略的重要性，这些战略综合了技术、经济和社会方面的考虑，为寻求促进可持续能源解决方案和改善南非农村社区生计的政策制定者和发展实践者提供了实用指导。

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引用次数: 0

Deep localization: A pathway to achieve self-sustainable ecosystem for the Indian Solar PV industry 深度本地化：印度太阳能光伏产业实现自我可持续生态系统的途径

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101880

Ankit Agrawal , Sudeep kumar Pradhan , Bijay kumar Rout

The whole world is committed to decarbonize and climate change control objectives, with solar energy at the forefront of its energy transition. While solar installations across globe increase, critical solar manufacturing remains highly concentrated in China. This creates reliance on imports and exposes India's vulnerability to the supply chain. Despite India's ambitious target to achieve 500GW of renewable capacity by 2030, its dependence on imported solar modules, cells, unavailability of wafers, and polysilicon manufacturing raises concerns over self-reliance and long-term sustainability.

To address these challenges, Deep Localization (DL) framework that extends conventional localization framework by fostering innovation, circular economy practices, building trust, and a resilient domestic supply chain. The variables were identified through a literature review and expert inputs. Exploratory Factor Analysis was applied to determine the factor structure and eliminate weak variables. A hypothesized model was developed to analyze the interplay between policy, risk, and demand management, DL, and their impact on supplier and manufacturer development in India's solar PV sector. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire survey from 411 respondents, and the model was validated using Structural Equation Modelling.

The findings highlight that policy management is essential for risk mitigation. The integrated policy, demand and risk management create an enabling environment for DL, with a strong focus on creating a robust supplier-manufacturer network to enhance competitiveness. By adopting DL strategies, India can transition from an import driven country to a global manufacturing hub, ensuring India's ambitions for economic growth, sustainability, and energy security.

全世界都致力于实现脱碳和气候变化控制目标，太阳能处于其能源转型的前沿。虽然全球的太阳能装置在增加，但关键的太阳能制造仍然高度集中在中国。这造成了对进口的依赖，并暴露了印度在供应链上的脆弱性。尽管印度雄心勃勃的目标是到2030年实现500吉瓦的可再生能源产能，但印度对进口太阳能组件、电池的依赖、硅片和多晶硅制造的缺乏，引发了人们对自力更生和长期可持续性的担忧。为了应对这些挑战，深度本地化（DL）框架通过促进创新、循环经济实践、建立信任和弹性的国内供应链来扩展传统的本地化框架。这些变量是通过文献回顾和专家输入来确定的。采用探索性因子分析确定因子结构，剔除弱变量。本文建立了一个假设模型来分析政策、风险和需求管理之间的相互作用，以及它们对印度太阳能光伏行业供应商和制造商发展的影响。通过对411名受访者的结构化问卷调查收集数据，并使用结构方程模型对模型进行验证。研究结果强调，政策管理对于减轻风险至关重要。综合政策、需求和风险管理为DL创造了一个有利的环境，重点是建立一个强大的供应商-制造商网络，以提高竞争力。通过采用DL战略，印度可以从一个进口驱动型国家转变为全球制造业中心，确保印度实现经济增长、可持续发展和能源安全的雄心。

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引用次数: 0

Techno-economic assessment of floating photovoltaic systems to strengthen local energy security: A case study of the Valsequillo Dam, Mexico 浮动光伏系统加强地方能源安全的技术经济评估：以墨西哥Valsequillo大坝为例

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101883

Shahin Rasooli , Shahrzad Farhoodi , Catalina Spataru , Mexitli Sandoval-Reyes , Pabel Antonio Cervantes-Avilés , Carlos Alberto Huerta-Aguilar

Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) systems offer a promising yet underexplored alternative to fulfill the growing demand for energy. This study practically evaluates the viability of deploying an FPV system on the Valsequillo Dam in central Mexico, a large reservoir without any energy infrastructure. A land-based photovoltaic (LPV) system with identical design parameters was also modeled to provide a comparative benchmark. The assessment integrates geospatial clustering of nearby settlements, climatic analysis, energy yield modeling, and a detailed techno-economic analysis supported by sensitivity and Monte Carlo simulations. Despite enhanced cooling of FPV and land-use efficiency, the LPV system achieves a lower levelized cost of electricity (46.7 vs 59.2 USD/MWh for FPV) and a positive net present value (NPV) of 16.6 million USD; however, FPV's higher cost and design constraints (e.g., panel tilt limitation) have dropped the NPV to values as low as −5.7 million USD. The uncertainty analysis highlights the critical role of cost reduction, energy price, and policy incentives in enhancing the viability of FPV. Higher overhead costs as well as political interests toward fossil fuels must be overcome to provide stable investment atmosphere. By implementing targeted strategies, FPVs could be integrated into the infrastructure planning in underutilized regions such as Puebla in Mexico or other similar locations globally to catalyze transition to cleaner energies. Otherwise, despite the privilege of adequate solar irradiance, risk – reward imbalance could further discourage investors to engage with renewable energy projects in Mexico.

浮动光伏（FPV）系统为满足日益增长的能源需求提供了一个有前途但尚未开发的替代方案。本研究实际评估了在墨西哥中部Valsequillo大坝（一个没有任何能源基础设施的大型水库）部署FPV系统的可行性。并对具有相同设计参数的陆基光伏（LPV）系统进行了建模，以提供比较基准。该评估综合了附近居民点的地理空间聚类、气候分析、能源产出模型，以及由敏感性和蒙特卡罗模拟支持的详细技术经济分析。尽管加强了FPV的冷却和土地利用效率，LPV系统实现了更低的电力成本（FPV为46.7美元/兆瓦时，而FPV为59.2美元/兆瓦时）和正净现值（NPV）为1660万美元；然而，FPV的高成本和设计限制（如面板倾斜限制）使NPV降至- 570万美元。不确定性分析强调了成本降低、能源价格和政策激励在提高FPV可行性方面的关键作用。为了提供稳定的投资环境，必须克服更高的间接费用和对化石燃料的政治利益。通过实施有针对性的战略，fpv可以整合到未充分利用地区的基础设施规划中，如墨西哥的普埃布拉或全球其他类似地区，以促进向清洁能源的过渡。否则，尽管拥有充足的太阳辐照度，但风险与回报的不平衡可能会进一步阻碍投资者参与墨西哥的可再生能源项目。

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引用次数: 0

At-scale adoption of floating solar PV technology: The case of India 大规模采用浮动太阳能光伏技术：以印度为例

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101830

Abhinav Jindal , Pradhuman Shaktawat , S. Abhilash Kumar

To achieve net zero targets, countries worldwide are focusing on scaling renewable energy. While India has made substantial strides in solar power capacity, the adoption of Floating Solar PV (FPV) remains limited. Despite apparent benefits, scaling FPV technologies presents several challenges including identifying suitable reservoirs for FPV implementation, and higher than ground-based solar PV costs. This study addresses these challenges and provides insights into the technological, financial and other related aspects for its at-scale adoption. To address the technological aspect of FPV adoption, this study develops a novel selection framework based on specific necessary and conducive conditions to select reservoirs suitable for FPV deployment in India. Applying this framework to a comprehensive dataset of 130 reservoirs in India, 17 reservoirs were identified. We also developed a reservoir ranking framework, to evaluate and rank the 17 identified reservoirs. The analysis revealed that while Almatti reservoir is the most suitable reservoir, Maharashtra emerged as the state with the maximum number of reservoirs, followed by Odisha. To address the financial aspect of FPV adoption, we carried out a levelized cost based economic assessment and found that LCOE for FPV systems ranges from INR 3.16–3.80/kWh which is much lower than the national average. Among the 17 reservoirs, FPV at the Tungabhadra reservoir has the least LCOE of INR 3.16/kWh. For reducing LCOE of FPV vis-à-vis ground-based PV systems, we suggest policies such as interest rate subsidy, capital expenditure subsidy and Generation Based Incentives. The study's framework and insights could be useful for countries with high FPV potential looking to scale up FPV technology.

为了实现净零目标，世界各国正致力于扩大可再生能源的规模。虽然印度在太阳能发电能力方面取得了长足的进步，但浮动太阳能光伏（FPV）的采用仍然有限。尽管有明显的好处，但扩大FPV技术的规模也面临着一些挑战，包括确定适合FPV实施的储层，以及高于地面太阳能光伏的成本。本研究解决了这些挑战，并为大规模采用该技术提供了技术、财务和其他相关方面的见解。为了解决FPV采用的技术问题，本研究基于印度特定的必要和有利条件，开发了一种新的选择框架，以选择适合FPV部署的油藏。将该框架应用于印度130个油藏的综合数据集，确定了17个油藏。建立了储层排序框架，对已确定的17个储层进行了评价和排序。分析显示，虽然Almatti水库是最合适的水库，但马哈拉施特拉邦的水库数量最多，其次是奥里萨邦。为了解决采用FPV的财务问题，我们进行了基于平均成本的经济评估，发现FPV系统的LCOE范围为3.16-3.80印度卢比/千瓦时，远低于全国平均水平。在17个水库中，Tungabhadra水库的FPV LCOE最小，为3.16 INR /kWh。为了降低FPV相对于-à-vis地面光伏系统的LCOE，我们建议采取利率补贴、资本支出补贴和发电激励等政策。该研究的框架和见解可能对希望扩大FPV技术规模的FPV潜力高的国家有用。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the rural cooking energy acceptance behavior in Gandaki Province, Nepal: Evidence from logistic regression analysis 了解尼泊尔甘达基省农村烹饪能源接受行为：来自逻辑回归分析的证据

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101840

Durga Prasad Chapagai , Neeta Dhusia Sharma , Manish Kumar Roy , Amit Kumar Roy , Suresh Baral

Rural cooking remains a critical issue in energy access and sustainability in developing countries. Despite significant policy efforts to expand clean energy access in Nepal, the continued reliance on traditional cooking fuels in rural areas highlights a critical gap in understanding the users' acceptance of renewable energy sources. This study provides empirical evidence on the socio-cultural and economic factors that influence household choices on cooking fuel options. It examined rural people's understanding of cooking energy sources, including renewable sources (electricity and biogas), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and firewood, in Gandaki Province, Nepal. The study employed the variables: reliability, cost and affordability, friendliness, health, environmental friendliness, time efficiency, accessibility, concern for safety, and food test. It has used a cross-sectional survey research design and binary logistic regression to assess the influence on rural people's preferences for cooking options. The study found that the firewood resource is perceived as cheaper, accessible, safer, and reliable, and is positively contributing to food testing. However, it is considered unhealthy, time-consuming, unfriendly, and environmentally adverse by rural users. Renewable energy, including biogas and electric cooking stoves, is perceived as a costly, unfriendly, risky, and unreliable source for cooking. Moreover, it is perceived as a healthy and environmentally friendly option. Additionally, LPG is perceived as expensive, unfriendly, poorly accessible, and unreliable energy source. However, it is perceived as a healthy, safe, time-saving, and environmentally friendly source by users. This study offers actionable and novel insights into rural households' acceptance of clean cooking by incorporating users' perspectives. The findings support the formulation of energy policies that address the actual needs and preferences of rural communities.

农村烹饪仍然是发展中国家能源获取和可持续性的关键问题。尽管尼泊尔在扩大清洁能源获取方面做出了重大政策努力，但农村地区对传统烹饪燃料的持续依赖，突显出在理解用户对可再生能源的接受程度方面存在重大差距。本研究为影响家庭烹饪燃料选择的社会文化和经济因素提供了实证证据。它调查了尼泊尔甘达基省农村人民对烹饪能源的了解情况，包括可再生能源（电力和沼气）、液化石油气（LPG）和木柴。本研究采用的变量为：信度、成本与负担能力、友善、健康、环境友善、时间效率、可及性、安全关注、食品检验。该研究采用了横断面调查研究设计和二元逻辑回归来评估对农村居民烹饪选择偏好的影响。研究发现，人们认为柴火资源更便宜、更容易获得、更安全、更可靠，并对食品检测起到了积极作用。然而，农村用户认为它不健康、耗时、不友好且不利于环境。可再生能源，包括沼气和电炉灶，被认为是一种昂贵、不友好、有风险和不可靠的烹饪来源。此外，它被认为是一种健康和环境友好的选择。此外，液化石油气被认为是昂贵、不友好、难以获得和不可靠的能源。然而，它被用户认为是一种健康、安全、节省时间和环保的来源。本研究结合用户的观点，为农村家庭接受清洁烹饪提供了可操作和新颖的见解。研究结果支持制定能源政策，解决农村社区的实际需要和偏好。

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引用次数: 0