Energy for Sustainable Development最新文献

Wind energy is an important and growing source of renewable energy. It is becoming increasingly integrated into electricity markets around the world. In Algeria in particular, the integration of wind power into the electricity grid is being developed based on a government project to achieve a high penetration rate. In this context, this study is elaborated to analyse the techno-economic assessment of the electrical energy production from four selected wind turbines: Vestas V-80; Suzlon S-82; Enercon E-58 and Gamesa G-114, installed at three sites in the Algerian highlands, namely El Beidh, Sétif and Djelfa. The three highland sites are chosen due to their good wind potential. On the other hand, the Algerian transmission electrical network DZ-114 bus presents some technical problems in the highlands related to low voltage profiles. Therefore, wind farm integration in these three sites can be beneficial as voltage magnitude support. Besides, it can be an important tool to reduce fossil fuel consumption and pollutant gases from conventional plants. Wind potential assessment and economic analysis were carried out for the three selected sites using wind speed data measured 10 m above ground level over 10 years. The results obtained confirm that the Gamesa G114 wind turbine is the most suitable for all the sites and in particular for El Bayadh, as it offers both the highest annual energy production (AEP) and capacity factor (CF) values in all the selected sites and guarantees the lowest unit energy cost (UEC) compared to other types of wind turbines.

Landfill gas (LFG) projects for energy production have several advantages. However, to avoid the impossibility of these projects, it is crucial to assess the long-term effects of public policies that promote the diversion of waste disposed of in landfills. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to evaluate the effects of the application of public policies, which influence recycling, reduction of generation, and inadequate disposal reduction of municipal solid waste (MSW), in the potential of electricity generation in landfills, as well as to evaluate its effect on economic viability. A System Dynamics model was employed to estimate methane production while considering variations in the quantity and make-up of MSW over time. The results showed that the scenarios with the greatest potential for methane generation and electricity were those with less diversion of biodegradable waste. Furthermore, the economic performance demonstrated that none of the possibilities are viable except with carbon credits extra income. However, all scenarios could become viable by increasing the energy sale rate above 93.2 USD.MWh⁻¹. Another option calls for lowering the discount rate through government incentives to a percentage below 10 % and an investment cost below 77 % of the original value. These elements aid in long-term planning and give decision-makers a future vision of the impact of these policies.

There is a limited number of empirical studies on the actual energy output of solar water heating systems (SWHSs). In the Sahel, where solar potential is abundant, the transition to sustainable energy solutions requires comprehensive evaluations of SWHSs, including their economic viability. Such assessments are crucial for informed decision-making by stakeholders and for facilitating the widespread adoption of SWHSs, including their integration into industrial processes. This paper presents a year-round experimental study assessing the real-world performance and economic viability of a SWHS integrated into a hospital laundry in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The primary aim of the study is to analyse the practical performance of the integrated collector storage (ICS) SWHS and evaluate its economic viability. The performance of the ICS SWHS is monitored over the course of a year. Data collection included measurements of solar irradiation, ambient temperature, inlet and outlet water temperatures, and energy output of the SWHS. Economic assessments considered factors such as installation costs, energy savings, and payback periods. Environmental implications were evaluated through the estimation of avoided CO₂ emissions. The ICS SWHS achieved an efficiency of 38 % and a solar fraction of 17 %, resulting in approximately 1.3 t of avoided CO₂ emissions annually. Economic assessments revealed extended payback periods, leading to exploration of alternatives. Subsequently, a water-in-glass evacuated tube collector (ETC) system, deemed more cost-effective, was selected and it indicated superior energy production. Preliminary results suggest compelling payback periods for the ETC system, ranging from 3.1 to 4.5 years under realistic scenarios. The study underscores the significance of practical experimentation, appropriate technology selection, and improved market regulations for informed decision-making. SWHSs present a promising avenue for sustainable energy solutions in the Sahelian region and beyond, offering both economic benefits and environmental impact.

Meeting the targets of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, which focuses on ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all, poses significant challenges. Overcoming these hurdles requires innovative solutions that can bridge the gap between current capabilities and future needs. Swarm electrification emerges as a promising concept that could accelerate progress towards achieving SDG 7 goals by leveraging the collective power of decentralized energy resources. This paper presents a literature review on swarm electrification and related insights from case studies. The study delves into the concept of swarm electrification, placing it within the context of the prevailing trends in the power system sector: decentralization, decarbonization, and digitalization. It examines the role of digital technologies in enhancing swarm electrification and categorizes application areas according to the phases of swarm electrification. Particular attention is given to the technologies underpinning Deep Digitalization, such as distributed ledger technology, notably blockchain, and artificial intelligence, with a focus on machine learning. These technologies play pivotal roles in advancing swarm electrification. The review demonstrates how deep digitalization can facilitate the improvement of swarm electrification and ultimately support the integration of bottom-up initiatives with top-down grid expansion efforts over time.

Fossil energy consumption is an important factor contributing to global warming, which profoundly impacts healthy economic and social development. Moreover, as a leader in the fight against climate change, the government's climate perception has a crucial influence on the fight against climate change. Based on Chinese government work reports and microlevel enterprise data, this study combines machine learning and text analysis methods to construct a government climate risk perception indicator. The study systematically examines the impact of government climate risk perception on corporate fossil energy consumption and intensity. The results reveal that (1) A 1 % increase in the government's climate risk perception leads to a respective 1.67 % and 1.71 % reduction in corporate energy consumption and energy intensity. (2) A 1 % increase in government climate risk perception corresponds to a 0.274 % increase in environmental regulation, reduces firms' low-quality energy consumption by 0.001 %, and increases firms' high-quality energy consumption by 0.001 %, lowering overall fossil energy consumption. (3) The negative effect of government climate risk perception on fossil energy consumption and intensity is more significant for small-scale firms, firms subject to high environmental regulatory intensity, and dry and wet climate zones. (4) The spatial spillover effect test shows that a 1 % increase in government climate risk perception will reduce neighboring areas' energy consumption by 7.5 %, indicating that government climate risk perception will not only affect local energy consumption, but also affects neighboring areas' energy consumption. Finally, the study presents proposed policy recommendations for governments to navigate climate change risks and facilitate the global energy transition, and achieve sustainable development goals.

While achieving net-zero carbon buildings (NZCBs) offers significant environmental and economic benefits, particularly in developing economies, research on effective strategies and their interplay with carbon credit systems remains limited. This knowledge gap hinders the widespread adoption of sustainable construction practices and the full potential of carbon markets for incentivizing change. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating and assessing 15 key strategies for achieving NZCBs and promoting carbon credit implementation. Data from 109 construction professionals in Vietnam was analyzed using several statistical techniques. The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc analysis showed no significant differences in the key strategies for promoting carbon credits among key stakeholders (policymakers, contractors, suppliers, and architects/designers). However, distinct variations were identified in the strategies for achieving NZCBs. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the top-priority strategies for NZCBs included: (1) raising awareness, (2) developing project-specific emission reduction roadmaps, and (3) increasing renewable energy utilization. For promoting carbon credits, the prioritized strategies involved: (1) tax reduction, (2) integrating emission reduction criteria into tender documents, and (3) awarding technical points to contractors with emission reduction solutions. Theoretically, this study breaks new ground by simultaneously examining key strategies for achieving NZCBs and carbon credits implementation within the specific context of an emerging economy. Practically, this paper offers valuable recommendations for Vietnamese policymakers and industry leaders, enabling them to navigate a roadmap for a greener and more sustainable built environment, not just in Vietnam but also in other emerging economies facing similar challenges.

Transitioning to electric cooking in East Africa offers established health benefits and promising economic, time-saving, and environmental advantages for everyday cooks. Furthermore, battery-supported e-cooking systems can facilitate earlier adoption in regions with unreliable grid quality. However, successful adoption necessitates understanding of how the needs and behaviors of everyday cooks can be effectively translated into e-cooking practices. This nine-month study engaged 20 participants from Nakuru, Kenya, observing their transition to e-cooking with battery supported appliances. Qualitative methods were used to understand changes in cooking practices. The findings comprehensively analyze participants' preferences and concerns about traditional cooking and e-cooking and summarize the cooking experiences in journey maps. The study addresses the benefits, challenges, and unresolved issues of transitioning to e-cooking, including time savings, appropriateness of e-appliances, cost implications, and gender roles. The study raises questions about appliance design, fuel stacking and the co-benefits of biomass cooking. It highlights the importance of addressing safety concerns and providing training on electricity usage alongside e-cooking adoption. The economic benefits, particularly when systems include battery storage, remain uncertain due to potential appliance inefficiencies and behaviour changes that can impact energy consumption, undermining anticipated benefits. These findings inform avenues for comprehensive e-cooking services that support the transition to e-cooking.

This study assessed the health benefits and change in the quality of life of beneficiaries of the flagship scheme of the government of India for clean cooking fuel, known as Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY). A large-scale survey consisting of 69 questions was carried out in six states of India. Indoor PM_2.5 concentrations were also monitored using low-cost sensor devices. Of 2366 surveyed households, >40 % of the LPG users have reported significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the general health of the primary cooking person. Around 55 % of the surveyed LPG users have reported fewer episodes of respiratory illnesses in themselves and their family members post-LPG (PMUY) connections. The respondents from Rajasthan, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh show a strong signal for improvement in their overall health using LPG. The study also quantified the challenges encountered in continuing LPG refilling. Over 38 % of the LPG users had refilled their cylinders only 0–2 times in the preceding six months. Around 47 % of LPG users have reported refilling cost as a limiting factor for cylinder refilling. The high PMUY connection villages' indoor environments have 10 to 20 % less average concentration of PM_2.5 than the low connection villages. The study findings will help the government better implement and assess the expected PMUY paybacks regarding beneficiaries' health and quality of life.

Household air pollution is a pervasive environmental health problem wherever access to cleaner fuels is poor. Despite numerous attempts to transition households away from polluting fuels, interventions are rarely sustainable. This intractability indicates that structural (i.e., systemic) dynamics act to maintain the status quo. In this case study of Ghana's Rural Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Promotion Program, our objectives were to 1) identify system structures affecting sustained fuel use, and 2) test strategies for improving intervention outcomes. To address these objectives, we applied a system dynamics approach, informed by a systematic literature review. A virtual simulation model was constructed to represent the implementation of the Rural LPG Program and its outcomes. By analyzing the model's structure and behavior, we proposed strategies that would improve the intervention's outcomes and tested the effectiveness of the strategies within the simulation model. Our results show that distributing two LPG cylinders to households (instead of one) contributed toward primary use of the fuel, whereas free weekly delivery of LPG (for up to four years) had limited long-term benefits and diminishing returns. Furthermore, reducing the time for users to perceive the benefits of cleaner fuels enhanced willingness-to-pay, and thereby helped to sustain higher rates of LPG use. This suggests that intervention planners should identify new users' expectations of benefits and proactively design ways to realize those benefits quickly (in a few weeks or less), while policy makers should support this as a design requirement in approval processes.