Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review最新文献_第8页

Integrated optimization of train timetabling, stop planning, rolling stock maintenance and assignment with flexible train composition and short-turning strategies 列车调度、停站计划、车辆维护和分配的综合优化，灵活的列车组成和短转弯策略

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104566

Tao Li , Dewei Li , Haotian Ji , Jialun Ma

Efficient utilization of rolling stock stands as an important goal for railway enterprises. Achieving it requires assigning appropriate rolling stock to train paths that cover a given set of routes in the operational plan, while accounting for practical constraints such as maintenance schedules and depot capacity. Although numerous studies have focused on minimizing operating costs by reducing the number of rolling stocks to develop operational plan, they often ignore practical requirements or neglect rolling stock assignment, rendering plans infeasible in practice. To tackle this problem, this paper develops an integrated approach for train timetabling, stop planning, rolling stock maintenance and assignment, while considering circulation rules and operational constraints. The model incorporates constraints such as time- and mileage-based maintenance rules, rolling stock assignments, the initial number of available rolling stocks, the number of stored rolling stocks in the depot. A rolling stock selection variable is introduced to represent the state of available rolling stock and the train formation, and a nonlinear mixed-integer programming model is developed to minimize train operating costs and the passenger travel costs. To solve large-scale real-world problem, the adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm is employed. The effectiveness of the formulated method is verified through numerical experiments and a real-world case study. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only guarantees operational feasibility but also reduces the required rolling stock by 5.4–8.6 % and operational costs by approximately 4.9–8.4 % compared to sequential optimization strategies, without significantly compromising passenger service quality. Furthermore, the method offers valuable guidance for decision-makers with diverse preferences.

铁路车辆的高效利用是铁路企业追求的重要目标。要实现这一目标，需要在运营计划中为覆盖一组给定路线的火车路线分配适当的机车车辆，同时考虑到维护时间表和车辆段容量等实际限制。虽然已有大量研究侧重于通过减少车辆数量来制定运营计划，以降低运营成本，但往往忽视实际需求或忽略车辆分配，使计划在实践中不可行。为了解决这一问题，本文提出了一种综合考虑流通规律和运行约束的列车调度、停车规划、机车车辆维修和分配的方法。该模型结合了诸如基于时间和里程的维护规则、机车车辆分配、可用机车车辆的初始数量、车辆段存储的机车车辆数量等约束。引入车辆选择变量来表示可用车辆状态和列车编队状态，建立了以列车运行成本和旅客出行成本最小为目标的非线性混合整数规划模型。为了解决大规模的现实问题，采用了自适应大邻域搜索（ALNS）算法。通过数值实验和实际算例验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明，与顺序优化策略相比，该方法不仅保证了运营的可行性，而且在不显著影响客运服务质量的情况下，将所需的车辆减少了5.4 - 8.6%，运营成本减少了约4.9 - 8.4%。此外，该方法为具有不同偏好的决策者提供了有价值的指导。

{"title":"Integrated optimization of train timetabling, stop planning, rolling stock maintenance and assignment with flexible train composition and short-turning strategies","authors":"Tao Li , Dewei Li , Haotian Ji , Jialun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient utilization of rolling stock stands as an important goal for railway enterprises. Achieving it requires assigning appropriate rolling stock to train paths that cover a given set of routes in the operational plan, while accounting for practical constraints such as maintenance schedules and depot capacity. Although numerous studies have focused on minimizing operating costs by reducing the number of rolling stocks to develop operational plan, they often ignore practical requirements or neglect rolling stock assignment, rendering plans infeasible in practice. To tackle this problem, this paper develops an integrated approach for train timetabling, stop planning, rolling stock maintenance and assignment, while considering circulation rules and operational constraints. The model incorporates constraints such as time- and mileage-based maintenance rules, rolling stock assignments, the initial number of available rolling stocks, the number of stored rolling stocks in the depot. A rolling stock selection variable is introduced to represent the state of available rolling stock and the train formation, and a nonlinear mixed-integer programming model is developed to minimize train operating costs and the passenger travel costs. To solve large-scale real-world problem, the adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm is employed. The effectiveness of the formulated method is verified through numerical experiments and a real-world case study. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only guarantees operational feasibility but also reduces the required rolling stock by 5.4–8.6 % and operational costs by approximately 4.9–8.4 % compared to sequential optimization strategies, without significantly compromising passenger service quality. Furthermore, the method offers valuable guidance for decision-makers with diverse preferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 104566"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital twin-enabled cooperative autonomous truck platooning framework for modeling, cost estimation, and decision-making in transportation systems 用于运输系统建模、成本估算和决策的数字孪生协作式自动卡车队列框架

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104596

Xinyue Guo , Yi Li , Songyi Cui , Ray Y. Zhong

Cooperative Autonomous Trucks (CATs) play a critical role in enabling the intelligence and automation of logistics. However, the involvement of multiple carriers, diverse autonomous trucks, and complex transportation environments presents substantial challenges to the large-scale deployment. This study proposes a Digital Twin (DT)-enabled framework for CAT to address these challenges, including transport task synchronization, platoon formation, and revenue estimation. The framework is structured with three interrelated components: (i) a Multiobjective Mixed Integer Programming (MOMIP) model for CATs platooning to optimize task allocation and decision-making, (ii) the DT-enabled kinematic and dynamic models for real-time synchronization and energy estimation, and (iii) real-time control and communication topologies to bridge optimization and practical implementation. A Resource Directive Decomposition (RDD) algorithm is introduced to efficiently solve the MOMIP model by decomposing the problem and applying disjunctive relaxation. Numerical validations show that the RDD algorithm achieves significantly faster convergence than the ϵ-constraint method when MOMIP has more than two objectives. CATs platoon formations achieve energy savings of approximately 10-14 % compared with historical human-driven trucks, and the proposed adaptive control with DT synchronization effectively ensures safety during emergency braking scenarios. An empirical validation using data from a real-world cross-border construction logistics project demonstrates cost savings and enhanced carrier compatibility.

协作式自动驾驶卡车（CATs）在实现物流的智能化和自动化方面发挥着关键作用。然而，多家运输公司、各种自动驾驶卡车和复杂的运输环境的参与，给大规模部署带来了巨大挑战。本研究提出了一个支持数字孪生（DT）的CAT框架，以应对这些挑战，包括运输任务同步、排编队和收入估计。该框架由三个相互关联的组件构成：(i)用于CATs队列优化任务分配和决策的多目标混合整数规划（MOMIP）模型，（ii）用于实时同步和能量估计的dt支持的运动学和动态模型，以及（iii）用于桥梁优化和实际实施的实时控制和通信拓扑结构。引入资源指令分解（RDD）算法，通过对问题进行分解并应用析取松弛来有效求解MOMIP模型。数值验证表明，当MOMIP有两个以上目标时，RDD算法的收敛速度明显快于ϵ-constraint方法。与历史上的人类驾驶卡车相比，CATs车队编队节能约10- 14%，并且所提出的具有DT同步的自适应控制有效地确保了紧急制动场景下的安全。使用现实世界跨境建筑物流项目的数据进行实证验证，证明节省了成本并增强了运营商兼容性。

{"title":"Digital twin-enabled cooperative autonomous truck platooning framework for modeling, cost estimation, and decision-making in transportation systems","authors":"Xinyue Guo , Yi Li , Songyi Cui , Ray Y. Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cooperative Autonomous Trucks (CATs) play a critical role in enabling the intelligence and automation of logistics. However, the involvement of multiple carriers, diverse autonomous trucks, and complex transportation environments presents substantial challenges to the large-scale deployment. This study proposes a Digital Twin (DT)-enabled framework for CAT to address these challenges, including transport task synchronization, platoon formation, and revenue estimation. The framework is structured with three interrelated components: (i) a Multiobjective Mixed Integer Programming (MOMIP) model for CATs platooning to optimize task allocation and decision-making, (ii) the DT-enabled kinematic and dynamic models for real-time synchronization and energy estimation, and (iii) real-time control and communication topologies to bridge optimization and practical implementation. A Resource Directive Decomposition (RDD) algorithm is introduced to efficiently solve the MOMIP model by decomposing the problem and applying disjunctive relaxation. Numerical validations show that the RDD algorithm achieves significantly faster convergence than the ϵ-constraint method when MOMIP has more than two objectives. CATs platoon formations achieve energy savings of approximately 10-14 % compared with historical human-driven trucks, and the proposed adaptive control with DT synchronization effectively ensures safety during emergency braking scenarios. An empirical validation using data from a real-world cross-border construction logistics project demonstrates cost savings and enhanced carrier compatibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 104596"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A three-stage stochastic optimization approach for robust train timetabling and rolling stock planning with virtual (de)coupling 具有虚拟（去）耦合的鲁棒列车调度和机车车辆规划的三阶段随机优化方法

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104590

Nsabimana Buhigiro , Liujiang Kang , Qingying Lai , Huijun Sun , Qianwen Xu , Bardia Mashhoodi

The emergence of suburban clusters has significantly reshaped urban mobility patterns, intensifying the reliance on central business districts for work and commerce. This dependency has led to an asymmetric and time-dependent demand for passengers, characterized by peak-hour congestion in one direction and under-utilization in the opposite direction. Existing studies often address passenger-dependent and time-dependent uncertainties in isolation, neglecting their combined impact on transit operations. To bridge this gap, this study proposes a novel three-stage stochastic optimization model that integrates robust train timetabling and rolling stock planning under virtual (de)coupling, explicitly considering both time-dependent and asymmetric passenger-dependent uncertainties. Passenger-dependent uncertainty is modeled through stochastic variations in arrival rates, while time-dependent uncertainty captures operational delays in running and dwell times. The model reformulation into a tractable mixed-integer program leverages the superposition principle and the mean conditional-value-at-risk criterion. This approach simultaneously optimizes nominal and robust scheduling aspects, including passenger loading, train timetables, rolling stock assignments, and virtual (de)coupling decisions. The primary objective is to develop an integrated robust train timetable and rolling stock plan that minimizes schedule deviations, unserved passengers, and operational costs. To enhance computational efficiency, a branch-and-price algorithm based on Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition is introduced, decomposing the problem into a master problem for rolling stock planning and sub-problems for robust train timetable and passenger loading process. The proposed methodology is validated through extensive computational experiments, including small- and medium-scale examples, as well as a real-world case study of the Beijing Batong metro line using historical data. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in generating robust train schedules that mitigate operational disruptions while optimizing rolling stock utilization.

郊区集群的出现极大地改变了城市的流动模式，加强了对中心商务区的工作和商业依赖。这种依赖导致了乘客需求的不对称和时间依赖，其特点是一个方向的高峰时段拥堵，而相反方向的利用率不足。现有的研究往往孤立地处理依赖乘客和依赖时间的不确定性，而忽略了它们对过境业务的综合影响。为了弥补这一差距，本研究提出了一种新的三阶段随机优化模型，该模型集成了虚拟（去）耦合下的鲁棒列车调度和机车车辆规划，明确考虑了时间相关和非对称乘客相关的不确定性。乘客依赖的不确定性通过到达率的随机变化来建模，而时间依赖的不确定性捕获运行和停留时间的操作延迟。利用叠加原理和平均条件风险值准则，将模型重构为可处理的混合整数规划。该方法同时优化了名义调度和鲁棒调度方面，包括乘客装载、列车时刻表、机车车辆分配和虚拟（分离）耦合决策。主要目标是制定一个综合可靠的列车时刻表和机车车辆计划，以最大限度地减少时刻表偏差、未服务的乘客和运营成本。为了提高计算效率，引入了基于dantzigg - wolfe分解的分支价格算法，将该问题分解为车辆规划主问题和鲁棒列车时刻表子问题和旅客装车过程子问题。通过大量的计算实验，包括中小规模的例子，以及使用历史数据的北京八通地铁的现实案例研究，验证了所提出的方法。结果表明，该方法在生成稳健的列车时刻表方面是有效的，可以减轻运营中断，同时优化机车车辆利用率。

{"title":"A three-stage stochastic optimization approach for robust train timetabling and rolling stock planning with virtual (de)coupling","authors":"Nsabimana Buhigiro , Liujiang Kang , Qingying Lai , Huijun Sun , Qianwen Xu , Bardia Mashhoodi","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of suburban clusters has significantly reshaped urban mobility patterns, intensifying the reliance on central business districts for work and commerce. This dependency has led to an asymmetric and time-dependent demand for passengers, characterized by peak-hour congestion in one direction and under-utilization in the opposite direction. Existing studies often address passenger-dependent and time-dependent uncertainties in isolation, neglecting their combined impact on transit operations. To bridge this gap, this study proposes a novel three-stage stochastic optimization model that integrates robust train timetabling and rolling stock planning under virtual (de)coupling, explicitly considering both time-dependent and asymmetric passenger-dependent uncertainties. Passenger-dependent uncertainty is modeled through stochastic variations in arrival rates, while time-dependent uncertainty captures operational delays in running and dwell times. The model reformulation into a tractable mixed-integer program leverages the superposition principle and the mean conditional-value-at-risk criterion. This approach simultaneously optimizes nominal and robust scheduling aspects, including passenger loading, train timetables, rolling stock assignments, and virtual (de)coupling decisions. The primary objective is to develop an integrated robust train timetable and rolling stock plan that minimizes schedule deviations, unserved passengers, and operational costs. To enhance computational efficiency, a branch-and-price algorithm based on Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition is introduced, decomposing the problem into a master problem for rolling stock planning and sub-problems for robust train timetable and passenger loading process. The proposed methodology is validated through extensive computational experiments, including small- and medium-scale examples, as well as a real-world case study of the Beijing Batong metro line using historical data. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in generating robust train schedules that mitigate operational disruptions while optimizing rolling stock utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 104590"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic vehicle relocation and assignment for an intelligent vehicle platooning transit system 智能车辆队列交通系统的动态车辆迁移与分配

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104556

Aijing Su , Bing Wu , Chi Xie

An emerging on-demand urban transit system, namely, Intelligent Vehicle Platooning Transit (IVPT), promises to provide rapid, flexible, comfortable and affordable passenger mobility services. IVPT features direct station-to-station transit services by utilizing dynamically formed platoons possibly composed of different types of vehicles running on exclusive traffic lanes and through intersections controlled by transit signal priority. This paper defines, formulates, and solves a dynamic vehicle relocation and assignment problem for the daily operations of an IVPT system. The focus is on the modeling and solution methods for the system’s real-time vehicle relocation and assignment decisions, which primarily include two parts: 1) Optimal relocation of service vehicles from low-demand stations to high-demand stations so as to mitigate the supply-demand imbalance; 2) optimal assignment of vehicles to carry matched passengers from their boarding stations to alighting stations. With its implementation in the rolling horizon framework, a mixed integer linear programming model is formulated, and both an exact and a heuristic algorithm are designed and tested. The exact method is powered by Lagrangian relaxation, embedding a dynamic programming algorithm for solving its decomposed relaxed Lagrangian subproblems and a tailored vehicle-removing-and-reloading algorithm for finding feasible solutions. The heuristic method relies on adaptive large neighborhood search, integrating several problem-specific destroy and repair subheuristics to effectively explore the solution space and enhance search diversity. A few illustrative numerical examples and a real-world case study are employed to validate the advantages of this new demand-responsive, platoon-based transit system, along with the efficacy and performance of the proposed solution methods for real-time vehicle relocation and assignment.

一种新兴的按需城市交通系统，即智能车辆队列交通（IVPT），有望提供快速、灵活、舒适和负担得起的乘客出行服务。IVPT的特点是直接站到站的交通服务，利用动态形成的队列，可能由不同类型的车辆组成，在专用车道上行驶，并通过由交通信号优先控制的交叉口。本文定义、制定并解决了IVPT系统日常运行中的动态车辆搬迁与分配问题。重点研究了系统实时车辆迁移与分配决策的建模与求解方法，主要包括两部分：1)服务车辆从低需求站点向高需求站点的最优迁移，以缓解供需不平衡；2)优化车辆配置，将匹配的乘客从上车站运送到下车站。在滚动地平线框架下，建立了混合整数线性规划模型，设计了精确算法和启发式算法并进行了测试。该方法以拉格朗日松弛为动力，嵌入了一个求解其分解的松弛拉格朗日子问题的动态规划算法和一个寻找可行解的定制车辆移除和重新装载算法。启发式方法依靠自适应大邻域搜索，结合多个针对特定问题的破坏和修复子启发式方法，有效地探索解空间，增强搜索多样性。通过几个数值示例和一个实际案例研究，验证了这种基于队列的需求响应型交通系统的优势，以及所提出的实时车辆迁移和分配解决方案的有效性和性能。

{"title":"Dynamic vehicle relocation and assignment for an intelligent vehicle platooning transit system","authors":"Aijing Su , Bing Wu , Chi Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An emerging on-demand urban transit system, namely, <em>Intelligent Vehicle Platooning Transit</em> (IVPT), promises to provide rapid, flexible, comfortable and affordable passenger mobility services. IVPT features direct station-to-station transit services by utilizing dynamically formed platoons possibly composed of different types of vehicles running on exclusive traffic lanes and through intersections controlled by transit signal priority. This paper defines, formulates, and solves a dynamic vehicle relocation and assignment problem for the daily operations of an IVPT system. The focus is on the modeling and solution methods for the system’s real-time vehicle relocation and assignment decisions, which primarily include two parts: 1) Optimal relocation of service vehicles from low-demand stations to high-demand stations so as to mitigate the supply-demand imbalance; 2) optimal assignment of vehicles to carry matched passengers from their boarding stations to alighting stations. With its implementation in the rolling horizon framework, a mixed integer linear programming model is formulated, and both an exact and a heuristic algorithm are designed and tested. The exact method is powered by Lagrangian relaxation, embedding a dynamic programming algorithm for solving its decomposed relaxed Lagrangian subproblems and a tailored vehicle-removing-and-reloading algorithm for finding feasible solutions. The heuristic method relies on adaptive large neighborhood search, integrating several problem-specific destroy and repair subheuristics to effectively explore the solution space and enhance search diversity. A few illustrative numerical examples and a real-world case study are employed to validate the advantages of this new demand-responsive, platoon-based transit system, along with the efficacy and performance of the proposed solution methods for real-time vehicle relocation and assignment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 104556"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conditional responsive pricing contracts: Balancing flexibility and stability in supply chains with fluctuating input costs 条件响应式定价合同：在投入成本波动的情况下平衡供应链的灵活性和稳定性

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104592

Xiaofan Hu, Xiangrong Song, Jianbin Li

This paper explores contract design for supply chains in which upstream manufacturers are exposed to raw material price volatility. To balance pricing flexibility and stability, we propose a novel Conditional Responsive Pricing contract. Unlike conventional Weighted Pricing contracts, which set wholesale prices as a linear combination of futures and spot prices constrained to full exposure, our proposed contract introduces two key innovations. First, it allows supply chain partners to either amplify (“over-exposure”) or dampen the responsiveness of wholesale prices to spot price fluctuations. Second, it incorporates a tolerance threshold that determines when price adjustments are triggered, thereby providing selective price stability. We analyze the optimal contract design in a single-manufacturer, single-retailer supply chain. Our analysis reveals that the manufacturer benefits from dampening spot-price fluctuations when employing a medium level of market responsiveness, but becomes worse off as responsiveness increases further. Conversely, strategically amplifying wholesale price responsiveness to spot price volatility can significantly increase the retailer’s profit and overall supply chain efficiency. Regarding the tolerance threshold, we discover a volatility shield effect that demonstrates how threshold-based pricing can strategically balance the opposing profit interests of the manufacturer and retailer. Increasing the threshold benefits the retailer but harms the manufacturer at low responsiveness levels, with the effect reversing when responsiveness is high. Our comparative analysis shows that although the manufacturer’s maximum attainable profit is similar under both contracts, the Conditional Responsive Pricing contract yields higher retailer’s profit and greater overall supply chain efficiency than the Weighted Pricing contract.

本文探讨了上游制造商面临原材料价格波动的供应链合同设计问题。为了平衡定价的灵活性和稳定性，我们提出了一种新的条件响应式定价合同。传统的加权定价合约将批发价格设定为期货和现货价格的线性组合，限制在充分暴露的情况下，与此不同，我们的提议合约引入了两个关键创新。首先，它允许供应链合作伙伴放大（“过度暴露”）或抑制批发价格对现货价格波动的反应。其次，它包含一个容忍阈值，决定何时触发价格调整，从而提供选择性的价格稳定。本文分析了单制造商、单零售商供应链的最优契约设计。我们的分析表明，当采用中等水平的市场响应性时，制造商从抑制现货价格波动中受益，但随着响应性的进一步增加，情况会变得更糟。相反，战略性地放大批发价格对现货价格波动的响应可以显著提高零售商的利润和整体供应链效率。对于容忍阈值，我们发现了波动屏蔽效应，表明基于阈值的定价如何在战略上平衡制造商和零售商的对立利润利益。在低响应水平下，提高阈值对零售商有利，但对制造商不利，当响应水平高时，效果正好相反。我们的比较分析表明，尽管制造商在两种合同下的最大可获得利润相似，但条件响应定价合同比加权定价合同产生更高的零售商利润和更高的整体供应链效率。

{"title":"Conditional responsive pricing contracts: Balancing flexibility and stability in supply chains with fluctuating input costs","authors":"Xiaofan Hu, Xiangrong Song, Jianbin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores contract design for supply chains in which upstream manufacturers are exposed to raw material price volatility. To balance pricing flexibility and stability, we propose a novel Conditional Responsive Pricing contract. Unlike conventional Weighted Pricing contracts, which set wholesale prices as a linear combination of futures and spot prices constrained to full exposure, our proposed contract introduces two key innovations. First, it allows supply chain partners to either amplify (“over-exposure”) or dampen the responsiveness of wholesale prices to spot price fluctuations. Second, it incorporates a tolerance threshold that determines when price adjustments are triggered, thereby providing selective price stability. We analyze the optimal contract design in a single-manufacturer, single-retailer supply chain. Our analysis reveals that the manufacturer benefits from dampening spot-price fluctuations when employing a medium level of market responsiveness, but becomes worse off as responsiveness increases further. Conversely, strategically amplifying wholesale price responsiveness to spot price volatility can significantly increase the retailer’s profit and overall supply chain efficiency. Regarding the tolerance threshold, we discover a volatility shield effect that demonstrates how threshold-based pricing can strategically balance the opposing profit interests of the manufacturer and retailer. Increasing the threshold benefits the retailer but harms the manufacturer at low responsiveness levels, with the effect reversing when responsiveness is high. Our comparative analysis shows that although the manufacturer’s maximum attainable profit is similar under both contracts, the Conditional Responsive Pricing contract yields higher retailer’s profit and greater overall supply chain efficiency than the Weighted Pricing contract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 104592"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Semi-flexible transit service optimization considering scenario-based demand fluctuations 考虑场景需求波动的半柔性公交服务优化

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104589

Yating Liu , Ziyulong Wang , Oded Cats , Xin Pei , Pan Shang

Semi-flexible transit, integrating fixed-route and on-demand services, offers a demand-adaptive and cost-effective alternative for public transit users, particularly in low-demand conditions. Despite the growing interest in this system, existing approaches have failed to develop comprehensive optimization methods for managing demand fluctuations across distinct scenarios, thereby significantly constraining operational adaptability in semi-flexible transit services. To address this research gap, we propose a scenario-based optimization model that jointly determines the fleet size and master routes at the tactical level as well as sub-routes at the operational level. The objective is to minimize travel costs while ensuring service feasibility under varying passenger demand scenarios, accounting for constraints such as travel time, state changes, time windows, and route consistency. Then, an Augmented Lagrangian Relaxation under Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ALR-ADMM) decomposition solution framework is introduced to decouple the proposed integrated problem into three sub-problems, namely master route, sub-route and service planning problems. Numerical experiments on the Sioux-Falls network validate the proposed model and solution approach, achieving a 94.93 % reduction in computation time while maintaining an average optimality difference of 0.57 % compared to the Gurobi optimizer. Sensitivity analysis further examines the effects of vehicle capacity limits, penalty parameters, and demand stop selection, revealing their impact on computational efficiency and operational costs. The applicability of our approach is further assessed through a real-world case study on the West Jordan network, which provides evidence of the ALR-ADMM-based algorithm in terms of both solution quality and computational efficiency. Our findings illustrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed model and algorithm in navigating both the tactical and operational scheme of semi-flexible transit within modern urban transit systems.

半灵活交通，结合了固定路线和按需服务，为公共交通用户提供了一种适应需求和具有成本效益的替代方案，特别是在需求低的条件下。尽管人们对这一系统的兴趣日益浓厚，但现有方法未能开发出管理不同情况下需求波动的综合优化方法，从而大大限制了半灵活运输服务的运营适应性。为了解决这一研究缺口，我们提出了一种基于场景的优化模型，该模型在战术层面共同确定车队规模和主路线，在作战层面共同确定子路线。目标是在考虑旅行时间、状态变化、时间窗口和路线一致性等约束的情况下，最大限度地降低旅行成本，同时确保服务在不同乘客需求情景下的可行性。然后，引入增广拉格朗日松弛交替方向乘数法（ALR-ADMM）分解解框架，将综合问题解耦为主路、子路和服务规划三个子问题。在Sioux-Falls网络上的数值实验验证了所提出的模型和解决方法，与Gurobi优化器相比，计算时间减少了94.93%，同时保持了0.57%的平均最优性差异。敏感性分析进一步考察了车辆容量限制、惩罚参数和需求停止选择的影响，揭示了它们对计算效率和运营成本的影响。通过对西约旦网络的实际案例研究，进一步评估了我们方法的适用性，该研究在解决方案质量和计算效率方面提供了基于alr - adm的算法的证据。我们的研究结果说明了所提出的模型和算法在导航现代城市交通系统中半灵活交通的战术和操作方案方面的可行性和潜力。

{"title":"Semi-flexible transit service optimization considering scenario-based demand fluctuations","authors":"Yating Liu , Ziyulong Wang , Oded Cats , Xin Pei , Pan Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-flexible transit, integrating fixed-route and on-demand services, offers a demand-adaptive and cost-effective alternative for public transit users, particularly in low-demand conditions. Despite the growing interest in this system, existing approaches have failed to develop comprehensive optimization methods for managing demand fluctuations across distinct scenarios, thereby significantly constraining operational adaptability in semi-flexible transit services. To address this research gap, we propose a scenario-based optimization model that jointly determines the fleet size and master routes at the tactical level as well as sub-routes at the operational level. The objective is to minimize travel costs while ensuring service feasibility under varying passenger demand scenarios, accounting for constraints such as travel time, state changes, time windows, and route consistency. Then, an Augmented Lagrangian Relaxation under Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ALR-ADMM) decomposition solution framework is introduced to decouple the proposed integrated problem into three sub-problems, namely master route, sub-route and service planning problems. Numerical experiments on the Sioux-Falls network validate the proposed model and solution approach, achieving a 94.93 % reduction in computation time while maintaining an average optimality difference of 0.57 % compared to the Gurobi optimizer. Sensitivity analysis further examines the effects of vehicle capacity limits, penalty parameters, and demand stop selection, revealing their impact on computational efficiency and operational costs. The applicability of our approach is further assessed through a real-world case study on the West Jordan network, which provides evidence of the ALR-ADMM-based algorithm in terms of both solution quality and computational efficiency. Our findings illustrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed model and algorithm in navigating both the tactical and operational scheme of semi-flexible transit within modern urban transit systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104589"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trade dynamics of the global dry bulk shipping network 全球干散货航运网络的贸易动态

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104597

Yan Li , Carol Alexander , Michael Coulon , István Zoltán Kiss

The primary objective of this study is to determine how global shocks and commodity-specific geographical factors interact to shape the structure, resilience, and vulnerability of the dry bulk shipping network. To do so, we examine the global dry bulk shipping network and its coal, grain, and iron ore sub-networks from 2015 to 2023 using micro-level trade flow data. We find that these networks are highly concentrated around a small number of key export ports, with heavy-tailed degree distributions and strong core-periphery structures. However, the impact of external shocks is sharply commodity-specific: the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a major reorganisation of coal trade communities, while the war in Ukraine fragmented the grain network and drastically reduced Ukraine’s exports. In contrast, iron ore trade patterns remained relatively stable during the same period. Small-world features are present mainly within the densely interconnected core of each commodity network, where bi-directional trades are observed, while most peripheral ports function as either importers or exporters only. These findings clarify how the interplay of geography, trade imbalance, and global disruptions shapes network structure and resilience, offering insights for supply chain risk management in maritime logistics.

本研究的主要目的是确定全球冲击和特定商品的地理因素如何相互作用，以塑造干散货航运网络的结构、弹性和脆弱性。为此，我们利用微观层面的贸易流数据，研究了2015年至2023年全球干散货航运网络及其煤炭、谷物和铁矿石子网络。研究发现，这些网络高度集中在少数重点出口港口周围，具有重尾度分布和较强的核心-外围结构。然而，外部冲击的影响明显是针对商品的：2019冠状病毒病大流行引发了煤炭贸易社区的重大重组，而乌克兰的战争使粮食网络支离破碎，乌克兰的出口大幅减少。相比之下，同期铁矿石贸易格局保持相对稳定。小世界的特点主要出现在每一个商品网络紧密相连的核心，在那里可以观察到双向贸易，而大多数外围港口只起进出口的作用。这些发现阐明了地理、贸易不平衡和全球中断的相互作用如何影响网络结构和弹性，为海运物流中的供应链风险管理提供了见解。

{"title":"Trade dynamics of the global dry bulk shipping network","authors":"Yan Li , Carol Alexander , Michael Coulon , István Zoltán Kiss","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary objective of this study is to determine how global shocks and commodity-specific geographical factors interact to shape the structure, resilience, and vulnerability of the dry bulk shipping network. To do so, we examine the global dry bulk shipping network and its coal, grain, and iron ore sub-networks from 2015 to 2023 using micro-level trade flow data. We find that these networks are highly concentrated around a small number of key export ports, with heavy-tailed degree distributions and strong core-periphery structures. However, the impact of external shocks is sharply commodity-specific: the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a major reorganisation of coal trade communities, while the war in Ukraine fragmented the grain network and drastically reduced Ukraine’s exports. In contrast, iron ore trade patterns remained relatively stable during the same period. Small-world features are present mainly within the densely interconnected core of each commodity network, where bi-directional trades are observed, while most peripheral ports function as either importers or exporters only. These findings clarify how the interplay of geography, trade imbalance, and global disruptions shapes network structure and resilience, offering insights for supply chain risk management in maritime logistics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104597"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards net-zero shipping: A multi-level optimization model for green maritime corridors integrating bunker network, ship routes, and fleet deployment 迈向净零航运：绿色海上走廊的多层次优化模型，整合燃料库网络、船舶航线和船队部署

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104595

Xiaohuan Lyu , Jian Gang Jin , Zhu Wang

Green Maritime Corridors (GMCs) have recently gained prominence as a strategic initiative to accelerate the net-zero transition in maritime shipping. However, their implementation is constrained by underdeveloped bunkering infrastructure, fragmented shipping networks, and industry reluctance to invest in green technologies. Although carbon pricing instruments, such as the Emission Trading System (ETS) and FuelEU Maritime (FuelEU), are in place to internalize environmental externalities and encourage emission reductions, their influence has not been quantitatively assessed, particularly under fluctuating carbon prices. To bridge these gaps, this study develops a novel multi-level optimization model that functions as a decision-support tool for stakeholders, simultaneously addressing the strategic investment in bunkering infrastructure, tactical planning of ship routes, and operational deployment of alternative-fuel vessels. By incorporating dynamic carbon pricing policies in ETS and FuelEU, our model evaluates the viability of ammonia and methanol across diverse trade routes. Our findings, based on the LINER-LIB benchmark, reveal that (i) the transition is primarily capital-intensive, highlighting the critical role of sustainable investment; (ii) carbon policies rapidly shift the cost-competitiveness in favour of GMCs, validating the effectiveness of government intervention; and (iii) route-specific characteristics are more decisive than fuel type alone, underscoring the need for customized business models and strategies. This research delivers a comprehensive decision-support framework that directly facilitates the practical implementation of GMCs. By quantifying the interplay between policy, investment, and operations, the study provides actionable insights to give investors the confidence to secure investment in green projects, guide policymakers in designing effective regulations, and enable operators to navigate the energy transition.

绿色海上走廊（GMCs）最近作为加速海运净零转型的战略举措而受到重视。然而，它们的实施受到不发达的加油基础设施、分散的航运网络和行业不愿投资绿色技术的限制。虽然碳定价工具，如排放交易系统（ETS）和海事燃料联盟（FuelEU），已用于将环境外部性内部化并鼓励减排，但其影响尚未得到定量评估，特别是在碳价格波动的情况下。为了弥补这些差距，本研究开发了一种新的多层次优化模型，作为利益相关者的决策支持工具，同时解决了加油基础设施的战略投资、船舶路线的战术规划和替代燃料船舶的运营部署。通过在ETS和FuelEU中纳入动态碳定价政策，我们的模型评估了氨和甲醇在不同贸易路线上的可行性。基于LINER-LIB基准，我们的研究结果显示：(i)转型主要是资本密集型的，突出了可持续投资的关键作用；（ii）碳政策迅速使成本竞争力向有利于政府管理公司的方向转变，从而验证了政府干预的有效性；(3)航线特征比燃料类型更具有决定性，强调了定制商业模式和战略的必要性。本研究提供了一个全面的决策支持框架，直接促进了gmc的实际实施。通过量化政策、投资和运营之间的相互作用，该研究提供了可操作的见解，使投资者有信心确保绿色项目的投资，指导政策制定者设计有效的法规，并使运营商能够应对能源转型。

{"title":"Towards net-zero shipping: A multi-level optimization model for green maritime corridors integrating bunker network, ship routes, and fleet deployment","authors":"Xiaohuan Lyu , Jian Gang Jin , Zhu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green Maritime Corridors (GMCs) have recently gained prominence as a strategic initiative to accelerate the net-zero transition in maritime shipping. However, their implementation is constrained by underdeveloped bunkering infrastructure, fragmented shipping networks, and industry reluctance to invest in green technologies. Although carbon pricing instruments, such as the Emission Trading System (ETS) and FuelEU Maritime (FuelEU), are in place to internalize environmental externalities and encourage emission reductions, their influence has not been quantitatively assessed, particularly under fluctuating carbon prices. To bridge these gaps, this study develops a novel multi-level optimization model that functions as a decision-support tool for stakeholders, simultaneously addressing the strategic investment in bunkering infrastructure, tactical planning of ship routes, and operational deployment of alternative-fuel vessels. By incorporating dynamic carbon pricing policies in ETS and FuelEU, our model evaluates the viability of ammonia and methanol across diverse trade routes. Our findings, based on the LINER-LIB benchmark, reveal that (i) the transition is primarily capital-intensive, highlighting the critical role of sustainable investment; (ii) carbon policies rapidly shift the cost-competitiveness in favour of GMCs, validating the effectiveness of government intervention; and (iii) route-specific characteristics are more decisive than fuel type alone, underscoring the need for customized business models and strategies. This research delivers a comprehensive decision-support framework that directly facilitates the practical implementation of GMCs. By quantifying the interplay between policy, investment, and operations, the study provides actionable insights to give investors the confidence to secure investment in green projects, guide policymakers in designing effective regulations, and enable operators to navigate the energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104595"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An adaptive dynamic vehicle dispatching policy for intelligent-manual mixed fleet in semi-automated container terminals 半自动化集装箱码头智能-人工混合车队自适应动态车辆调度策略

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104567

Xuqiang Chang , Rui Chen , Xi Xiang

This study addresses the vehicle dispatching problem in a semi-automated container terminal with an intelligent-manual mixed fleet consisting of electric intelligent guided vehicles and diesel container trucks. We propose a mixed-integer linear programming model with an adaptive dynamic vehicle dispatching policy to optimize multiple objectives, including energy consumption, transportation task completion time, and workload balance. The proposed model requires only minor configuration adjustments to deploy across three common real-world operational modes, leveraging a target-based optimal solution that dynamically adjusts objective weights for equitable trade-offs. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to validate the proposed policy against three benchmark policies, demonstrating the superior adaptability and efficiency of our proposed policy in real-time dispatching across diverse scenarios. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of energy replenishment processes underscores the complementary roles and operational distinctions of the two types of vehicles. Sensitivity analyses further reveal that a 60 % electric intelligent guided vehicles fleet proportion minimizes energy-time trade-offs, and energy consumption increases linearly with a higher export container proportion. Additional robustness tests under stochastic disruptions such as vehicle breakdowns and quay crane outages confirm that our proposed policy maintains stable performance and workload balance even under operational uncertainties. These findings provide actionable management insights for semi-automated container terminal operators to configure an intelligent-manual mixed fleet and adapt dispatching policies across dynamic operational modes, ensuring efficiency, sustainability, and scalability in real-world implementations.

本文研究了由电动智能导引车和柴油集装箱卡车组成的智能-手动混合车队的半自动化集装箱码头车辆调度问题。提出了一种混合整数线性规划模型，该模型具有自适应动态车辆调度策略，以优化能源消耗、运输任务完成时间和工作负载平衡等多个目标。所提出的模型只需要在三种常见的现实世界操作模式中进行较小的配置调整，利用基于目标的最优解决方案，动态调整目标权重以实现公平权衡。通过大量的数值实验验证了本文提出的策略与三种基准策略的有效性，证明了本文提出的策略在不同场景下的实时调度中具有优越的适应性和效率。此外，对能源补充过程的深入分析强调了两类车辆的互补作用和操作区别。灵敏度分析进一步表明，60%的电动智能导引车车队比例使能量-时间权衡最小化，能源消耗随着出口集装箱比例的增加而线性增加。在随机中断（如车辆故障和码头起重机中断）下的额外鲁棒性测试证实，即使在操作不确定的情况下，我们提出的策略也能保持稳定的性能和工作负载平衡。这些发现为半自动化集装箱码头运营商提供了可操作的管理见解，以配置智能手动混合船队，并根据动态运营模式调整调度策略，确保实际实施中的效率、可持续性和可扩展性。

{"title":"An adaptive dynamic vehicle dispatching policy for intelligent-manual mixed fleet in semi-automated container terminals","authors":"Xuqiang Chang , Rui Chen , Xi Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the vehicle dispatching problem in a semi-automated container terminal with an intelligent-manual mixed fleet consisting of electric intelligent guided vehicles and diesel container trucks. We propose a mixed-integer linear programming model with an adaptive dynamic vehicle dispatching policy to optimize multiple objectives, including energy consumption, transportation task completion time, and workload balance. The proposed model requires only minor configuration adjustments to deploy across three common real-world operational modes, leveraging a target-based optimal solution that dynamically adjusts objective weights for equitable trade-offs. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to validate the proposed policy against three benchmark policies, demonstrating the superior adaptability and efficiency of our proposed policy in real-time dispatching across diverse scenarios. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of energy replenishment processes underscores the complementary roles and operational distinctions of the two types of vehicles. Sensitivity analyses further reveal that a 60 % electric intelligent guided vehicles fleet proportion minimizes energy-time trade-offs, and energy consumption increases linearly with a higher export container proportion. Additional robustness tests under stochastic disruptions such as vehicle breakdowns and quay crane outages confirm that our proposed policy maintains stable performance and workload balance even under operational uncertainties. These findings provide actionable management insights for semi-automated container terminal operators to configure an intelligent-manual mixed fleet and adapt dispatching policies across dynamic operational modes, ensuring efficiency, sustainability, and scalability in real-world implementations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104567"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hierarchical graph neural network-based generalized graph partitioning for accelerated large-scale microscopic traffic parallel simulation 基于层次图神经网络的广义图划分加速大规模微观交通并行仿真

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104586

Chenxiang Ma , Chengcheng Xu , Pan Liu , Jianhui Huang

This study aims to develop an efficient traffic parallel simulation framework by using hierarchical graph neural network for graph partitioning, improving the scalability and accuracy of large-scale microscopic traffic simulations. To fully utilize road network information for partitioning, graph embedding learning is first introduced to enrich graph node features representation. Based on embedded network graph, aiming for balanced partitioning and minimized communication, graph partitioning model uses a hierarchical graph neural network architecture to infer partitioning result. Additionally, in the design of traffic information transmission mechanism, overlapping states and crossing vehicle groups are employed to ensure the synchronization of macro and micro traffic information between partitions. Experiments conducted on large-scale highway network in Henan Province, China, demonstrate significant improvements in simulation efficiency and accuracy over traditional methods. The framework can achieve efficient acceleration under different traffic demands, with a maximum speed up of 13.23 times in 16 partitions, while ensuring higher load balancing and lower communication cost. Meanwhile, parallel simulation can also achieve nearly 100% accuracy compared to the original simulation. Moreover, in real engineering scenarios, proposed framework can also highly reproduce traffic state changes to replace the original simulation while ensuring a speed up of over 5 times. This study demonstrates the great potential of our parallel simulation framework for large-scale traffic environments, providing robust support for addressing future traffic demand growth and complex road network management.

本研究旨在利用层次图神经网络进行图划分，开发高效的交通并行仿真框架，提高大规模微观交通仿真的可扩展性和准确性。为了充分利用路网信息进行分区，首先引入图嵌入学习，丰富图节点特征表示。图划分模型基于嵌入式网络图，以均衡划分和最小化通信为目标，采用层次图神经网络架构对划分结果进行推理。此外，在交通信息传递机制的设计中，采用了重叠状态和交叉车辆组，保证了分区间宏观和微观交通信息的同步。在中国河南省大型公路网上进行的实验表明，与传统方法相比，该方法的仿真效率和精度有了显著提高。该框架可以在不同的流量需求下实现高效的加速，在16个分区中最大速度提升13.23倍，同时保证更高的负载均衡和更低的通信成本。同时，与原始仿真相比，并行仿真也可以达到接近100%的精度。此外，在实际工程场景中，所提出的框架还可以高度再现交通状态变化，取代原始模拟，同时保证速度提高5倍以上。这项研究证明了我们的并行模拟框架在大规模交通环境中的巨大潜力，为解决未来交通需求增长和复杂的道路网络管理提供了强有力的支持。

{"title":"Hierarchical graph neural network-based generalized graph partitioning for accelerated large-scale microscopic traffic parallel simulation","authors":"Chenxiang Ma , Chengcheng Xu , Pan Liu , Jianhui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop an efficient traffic parallel simulation framework by using hierarchical graph neural network for graph partitioning, improving the scalability and accuracy of large-scale microscopic traffic simulations. To fully utilize road network information for partitioning, graph embedding learning is first introduced to enrich graph node features representation. Based on embedded network graph, aiming for balanced partitioning and minimized communication, graph partitioning model uses a hierarchical graph neural network architecture to infer partitioning result. Additionally, in the design of traffic information transmission mechanism, overlapping states and crossing vehicle groups are employed to ensure the synchronization of macro and micro traffic information between partitions. Experiments conducted on large-scale highway network in Henan Province, China, demonstrate significant improvements in simulation efficiency and accuracy over traditional methods. The framework can achieve efficient acceleration under different traffic demands, with a maximum speed up of 13.23 times in 16 partitions, while ensuring higher load balancing and lower communication cost. Meanwhile, parallel simulation can also achieve nearly 100% accuracy compared to the original simulation. Moreover, in real engineering scenarios, proposed framework can also highly reproduce traffic state changes to replace the original simulation while ensuring a speed up of over 5 times. This study demonstrates the great potential of our parallel simulation framework for large-scale traffic environments, providing robust support for addressing future traffic demand growth and complex road network management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104586"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0