Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review最新文献_第7页

Measuring supply chain resilience along the automotive value chain — A comparative research on literature and industry 衡量汽车价值链上供应链的适应能力--文献与行业比较研究

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103792

Sophia Raaymann, Stefan Spinler

About three years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupting global supply chains, companies increasingly focus on creating supply chains that are resilient to the next disruption. While researchers have developed multiple frameworks and quantitative models for assessing risk in supply chains, the question of how to measure supply chain resilience (SCR) with key performance indicators (KPIs) remains unanswered. This research provides answers on how to measure SCR in the automotive industry. Researchers investigated literature’s perspective through text mining on 195 published papers on SCR and compared that to the industry’s perspective. The Analytical Hierarchy Process is applied to text mining results to find the most suitable combination of KPIs. For the industry data, a conjoint method analyzed via an ordinal regression is applied in interviews. The research reveals that the most important KPIs, according to literature, are lead time variation, OTIF (On time in full), and volume flexibility of suppliers. At the same time, the industry also assigns the greatest contribution to OTIF and volume flexibility, and to the stock level of high-risk parts. This study also investigates the different priorities of OEMs, Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers when measuring SCR. Perspectives on how to measure resilience vary within the industry as well as between industry and academia. This research reveals the need for a greater exchange between industry and academia as well as a more structural discussion of resilience KPIs and their application within the industry.

COVID-19 大流行开始扰乱全球供应链约三年后，企业越来越重视创建能够抵御下一次扰乱的供应链。虽然研究人员已经开发出多种评估供应链风险的框架和定量模型，但如何用关键绩效指标（KPI）来衡量供应链复原力（SCR）的问题仍然没有答案。本研究为如何衡量汽车行业的 SCR 提供了答案。研究人员通过对 195 篇已发表的有关 SCR 的论文进行文本挖掘，调查了文献的观点，并将其与行业观点进行了比较。文本挖掘结果采用了层次分析法，以找到最合适的关键绩效指标组合。对于行业数据，在访谈中采用了通过序数回归分析的联合方法。研究发现，根据文献，最重要的关键绩效指标是交货期变化、OTIF（准时交货）和供应商的数量灵活性。同时，该行业也认为 OTIF 和数量灵活性以及高风险零件的库存水平贡献最大。本研究还调查了原始设备制造商、一级和二级供应商在衡量 SCR 时的不同侧重点。行业内部以及行业与学术界对如何衡量弹性的看法各不相同。这项研究表明，需要加强行业与学术界之间的交流，并对弹性关键绩效指标及其在行业内的应用进行更有条理的讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Reverse channel selection in a dynamic stochastic closed-loop supply chain 动态随机闭环供应链中的反向渠道选择

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103774

Zongsheng Huang , Yingxue Zhao , T.C. Edwin Cheng , Suresh P. Sethi

This paper investigates reverse channel selection within a closed-loop supply chain, emphasizing the dynamic characteristics and potential stochastic disturbances inherent in the collection process. We construct three stochastic differential games to model scenarios where the manufacturer, retailer, and third-party each manage the collection of used products, deriving the corresponding equilibrium control strategies. Through comparative analysis, we investigate the impact of different collection channels on price, return rate, demand, and member profits. Our findings reveal that when the conditions across three collection channels are uniform, manufacturer collection emerges as the most effective reverse channel, challenging the conventional wisdom in static settings where retailer collection is typically considered optimal. Moreover, we extend our models to incorporate two critical factors: the collection cost coefficient and the collection logistics cost, which introduce differences across the collection channels. Under these differentiated conditions, our results suggest that third-party and retailer collections can also be optimal reverse channel solutions, particularly when the third-party collector has greater collection capacity, or the retailer benefits from lower reverse logistics costs.

本文研究了闭环供应链中的反向渠道选择，强调了收集过程中固有的动态特征和潜在的随机干扰。我们构建了三个随机微分博弈模型，分别模拟制造商、零售商和第三方各自管理废旧产品回收的情景，并推导出相应的均衡控制策略。通过比较分析，我们研究了不同收集渠道对价格、退货率、需求和会员利润的影响。我们的研究结果表明，当三种收集渠道的条件相同时，制造商收集是最有效的反向渠道，这对静态环境下零售商收集通常被认为是最优的传统观点提出了挑战。此外，我们对模型进行了扩展，纳入了两个关键因素：集货成本系数和集货物流成本，这两个因素在不同集货渠道之间引入了差异。在这些差异条件下，我们的结果表明，第三方和零售商收集也可以成为最佳逆向渠道解决方案，尤其是当第三方收集商拥有更大的收集能力，或零售商受益于较低的逆向物流成本时。

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引用次数: 0

Demand cannibalization during product rollovers in the presence of strategic customers 在有战略客户的情况下，产品更新期间的需求蚕食现象

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103785

Yan Chen , Yanli Fang , Yong-Hong Kuo

This paper studies how different types of demand cannibalization take place during product rollovers and their effects on a firm’s profitability. Due to continuous product upgrades, demand cannibalization among various generations of products has become a common practice, raising interesting investigations from professionals and academics. Within this context, we model firms’ and customers’ decision-making as a two-period sequential game and derive equilibrium results under a dual rollover strategy, with and without a trade-in program. We find that demand cannibalization is essentially caused by customers’ strategic comparison of available purchase options. Our analysis further reveals that both the cannibalization effect and the postponement effect resulting from customers’ waiting for upgraded products are necessary for firms to improve profits. On the contrary, the postponement effect due to waiting for a discount is entirely detrimental to the firm. We propose effective launch strategies to avoid unfavorable demand cannibalization under different conditions. In addition, offering trade-in programs helps not only suppress strategic waiting, but also foster demand for an upgraded product. These strategies are particularly effective when the firm holds a greater quantity of inventory or when the degree of incremental innovation is high.

本文研究了产品更新换代过程中不同类型的需求蚕食是如何发生的，以及它们对企业盈利能力的影响。由于产品的不断升级，各代产品之间的需求蚕食已成为一种普遍现象，引起了专业人士和学者的关注。在此背景下，我们将企业和客户的决策模拟为两期连续博弈，并推导出在有和没有以旧换新计划的双重展期策略下的均衡结果。我们发现，需求蚕食主要是由客户对现有购买选择进行策略性比较造成的。我们的分析进一步揭示，蚕食效应和顾客等待升级产品所产生的推迟效应都是企业提高利润的必要条件。相反，因等待折扣而产生的延迟效应则完全不利于企业。我们提出了在不同条件下避免不利需求蚕食的有效上市策略。此外，提供以旧换新计划不仅有助于抑制战略性等待，还能促进对升级产品的需求。当企业持有较多库存或增量创新程度较高时，这些策略尤为有效。

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引用次数: 0

Contextualizing alternative delivery points in last mile delivery 将最后一英里配送中的替代配送点情景化

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103787

Seyed Sina Mohri , Hadi Ghaderi , Tom Van Woensel , Mehrdad Mohammadi , Neema Nassir , Russell G. Thompson

This study presents a comprehensive literature analysis to explore the role of Alternative Delivery Points (ADPs), such as parcel lockers (PLs), within logistics and transportation. Through a structured methodology that includes the ‘Plan,’ ‘Design,’ and ‘Evaluation’ stages, this research provides a new perspective on the research gaps, obstacles, and prospective areas for future study in the domain of ADPs. The investigation delineates critical prerequisites, determinants of success, optimization strategies, and key performance indicators relevant to deploying ADPs. The insights consolidate existing knowledge and act as a roadmap for forthcoming scholarly endeavors concerning ADPs. The study aims to advance the dialogue and stimulate innovation in urban delivery systems employing ADPs by focusing on under-researched areas and underscoring topics needing further scrutiny.

本研究通过全面的文献分析，探讨了包裹储物柜（PL）等替代配送点（ADP）在物流和运输中的作用。通过包括 "计划"、"设计 "和 "评估 "阶段在内的结构化方法，本研究为替代性递送点领域的研究空白、障碍和未来研究领域提供了新的视角。调查界定了与部署 ADP 相关的关键先决条件、成功的决定因素、优化策略和关键性能指标。这些见解巩固了现有知识，并为今后有关 ADP 的学术研究提供了路线图。本研究旨在通过关注研究不足的领域和强调需要进一步审查的主题，推动对话并促进采用 ADP 的城市交付系统的创新。

引用次数: 0

Agricultural product harvest equilibrium with transportation bottleneck and random disasters 存在运输瓶颈和随机灾害的农产品收获均衡

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103804

Jia Yao , Lan Yu , Shi An

The decentralized planting practices of farmers often result in non-cooperative harvesting and transportation of agricultural products. The high concentration of harvesting demand can cause transportation and processing bottlenecks, resulting in queuing congestion in planting, which in turn affects farmers’ decisions on harvest timing. Thus, the fully competed decision-making process leads to a game equilibrium. To solve this harvest equilibrium problem, a nonlinear equation model with transportation bottleneck capacity constraints is developed. Assumptions to be made are that the value of the pre-harvest product is a non-negative continuously differentiable strictly concave function about the harvest time, and that post-harvest losses are a linear increasing function of queuing time. Subsequently, the model is further extended to incorporate the effects of random natural disasters. Additionally, this paper derives optimal harvest schedules for comparison. A numerical example is used to analyze how the related parameters and the probability of disasters influence farmers’ harvest decisions and the unit benefits of agricultural produce. The analysis results show that a larger total volume of agricultural products prompts earlier harvesting and reduces unit benefits in both equilibrium and optimal harvesting scenarios. Expanding bottleneck capacity allows farmers to harvest closer to the optimal time and increases unit benefits, although the marginal increase diminishes at the margin as bottleneck capacity increases. Increasing the queuing penalty within a range leads to an earlier harvest and reduces the unit benefits in equilibrium and optimality until a critical value is reached, beyond which it has no effect. A higher probability of natural disasters will incentivize farmers to harvest earlier, which in turn will reduce unit benefits.

农民分散种植的做法往往导致农产品收获和运输的不合作。收获需求的高度集中会造成运输和加工瓶颈，导致种植过程中的排队拥堵，进而影响农民对收获时机的决策。因此，充分竞争的决策过程会导致博弈均衡。为了解决这个收获均衡问题，我们建立了一个具有运输瓶颈能力约束的非线性方程模型。假定收获前产品的价值是关于收获时间的非负连续可微的严格凹函数，收获后损失是排队时间的线性递增函数。随后，该模型进一步扩展，纳入了随机自然灾害的影响。此外，本文还推导出了最佳收获时间表，以供比较。本文通过一个数值实例分析了相关参数和灾害概率如何影响农民的收获决策和农产品的单位收益。分析结果表明，在均衡和最优收获方案中，农产品总量越大，收获越早，单位收益越低。扩大瓶颈容量使农民更接近最佳收获时间，增加了单位收益，但随着瓶颈容量的增加，边际收益的增加也会递减。在一定范围内提高排队罚金会导致提前收割，并在达到临界值之前减少均衡和最优状态下的单位收益，超过临界值则没有影响。自然灾害发生的概率越高，农民就会越早收获，这反过来又会减少单位收益。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of high-speed rail on intercity travels, utility and social welfare in urban agglomerations: A game-theoretic perspective 高速铁路对城市群城际旅行、效用和社会福利的影响：博弈论视角

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103800

Han Wang, Hai-Jun Huang

This paper investigates the effects of newly built high-speed rail on urban performances in terms of intercity travels, utility and social welfare by extending the two-city system into a representative urban agglomeration system consisting of a hub city and two peripheral cities. A framework based on the Cournot model with three interacted games is developed to characterize competitions among HSR operators in the system. Introducing HSR between peripheral cities decentralizes the intercity travel demands from the hub city to peripheral cities, and it does not always induce more that for the urban agglomeration. We find that “weight” on social welfare, substitutability, gross benefits ratio, HSR accessibility and frequency would differentially impact the hub and peripheral cities. Numerical examples and a case study incorporating all factors based on Central Plains Urban Agglomeration in China are conducted to illustrate the model, together with some policy implications.

本文通过将双城系统扩展为由一个枢纽城市和两个外围城市组成的代表性城市群系统，研究了新建高铁在城际旅行、效用和社会福利方面对城市绩效的影响。我们建立了一个基于库诺模型的框架，其中包含三个相互影响的博弈，用以描述该系统中高铁运营商之间的竞争。在外围城市之间引入高铁会将城际旅行需求从枢纽城市分散到外围城市，但这并不总是会为城市群带来更多的城际旅行需求。我们发现，社会福利的 "权重"、可替代性、总收益率、高铁的可达性和频率会对枢纽城市和外围城市产生不同的影响。我们以中国中原城市群为基础，通过数字示例和包含所有因素的案例研究来说明该模型，并提出了一些政策启示。

引用次数: 0

Robotic warehouse systems considering dynamic priority 考虑动态优先权的机器人仓库系统

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103779

Zhengmin Zhang , Yeming Gong , Zhe Yuan , Wanying Chen

The research proposes a new methodological framework based on dynamic priority to handle different order classes in robotic warehouse systems. Traditional static priority methods in facility logistics may cause low-priority orders to experience excessive delays and fail to ensure fairness. Our dynamic priority approach addresses this fairness issue by adjusting priorities over time to fulfill orders within promised times, ensuring both high-priority orders and long-waiting low-priority orders receive timely attention. We present stochastic models of dynamic priority queueing networks to describe warehouse systems and estimate throughput times. Experiments validate the analytical stochastic models, and experimental results indicate that the dynamic priority model achieves shorter delay times than the static priority model and the FCFS model. We propose design insights based on experimental results and provide an approach to select the optimal robot number. Furthermore, by employing a fairness index, we develop a new decision support tool for determining warehouse configurations with requested performance objectives. Experimental results demonstrate that dynamic priority can ensure fairness across a wider range of scenarios. Additionally, with insufficient pickers, the system performs better with the put wall than without it.

该研究提出了一种基于动态优先级的新方法框架，用于处理机器人仓库系统中的不同订单类别。设施物流中传统的静态优先级方法可能会导致低优先级订单出现过度延迟，无法确保公平性。我们的动态优先级方法通过随时间调整优先级来解决这一公平性问题，从而在承诺时间内完成订单，确保高优先级订单和长期等待的低优先级订单都能得到及时处理。我们提出了动态优先级排队网络的随机模型，用于描述仓库系统和估算吞吐时间。实验验证了分析随机模型，实验结果表明，动态优先权模型比静态优先权模型和 FCFS 模型实现了更短的延迟时间。我们根据实验结果提出了设计见解，并提供了选择最佳机器人数量的方法。此外，通过使用公平性指数，我们开发了一种新的决策支持工具，用于根据所要求的性能目标确定仓库配置。实验结果表明，动态优先权可以在更广泛的情况下确保公平性。此外，在拾取机不足的情况下，系统在有放置墙的情况下比没有放置墙的情况下表现更好。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling and regulating a ride-sourcing market integrated with vehicle rental services 模拟和监管与车辆租赁服务相结合的乘车外包市场

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103797

Dong Mo , Hai Wang , Zeen Cai , W.Y. Szeto , Xiqun (Michael) Chen

With the popularity of on-demand ride services worldwide, ride-sourcing platforms must maintain an adequate fleet size and cope with growing travel demand. Recently, platforms have attempted to provide vehicle rental services to drivers who do not own cars, then recruited them to provide on demand ride services. This helps lower the entry barrier for drivers and offers another profitable business for platforms. From the government’s perspective, however, it is challenging to coordinately regulate a ride-sourcing business and vehicle rental business. This paper proposes a bi-level optimization model to investigate how the government regulates the ride-sourcing market integrated with vehicle rental services. Specifically, how the government designs regulatory policies for minimum driver wage and maximum vehicle rental fee at the upper level, and how a monopoly profit-oriented platform optimizes riders’ price, drivers’ wage, and vehicle rental fee at the lower level. We derive an analytical phase diagram for the two policies and present the government’s decisions in five mutually exclusive regions with respect to regulatory effects, i.e., ineffective region, minimum-driver-wage-effective region, maximum-rental-fee-effective region, coordinated policy region, and infeasible region. Our theoretical and numerical results indicate that the government should precisely coordinate the two policies to achieve higher total social welfare, i.e., the weighted sum of rider surplus, driver surplus, and platform profit. We also prove that if the weights of all stakeholders in social welfare are equal, the platform’s vehicle rental business will achieve zero profit when the total social welfare is maximized. The proposed model and analytical results generate managerial insights and provide suggestions for government regulation and platform operations management in the ride-sourcing market integrated with vehicle rental services.

随着按需乘车服务在全球的普及，乘车外包平台必须保持足够的车队规模，并应对日益增长的出行需求。最近，平台尝试为没有汽车的司机提供车辆租赁服务，然后招募他们提供按需搭乘服务。这有助于降低司机的准入门槛，也为平台提供了另一项有利可图的业务。然而，从政府的角度来看，如何协调监管顺风车业务和车辆租赁业务是一项挑战。本文提出了一个双层优化模型来研究政府如何监管与车辆租赁服务相结合的顺风车市场。具体来说，政府如何在上层设计最低司机工资和最高车辆租赁费的监管政策，垄断利润导向的平台如何在下层优化乘客价格、司机工资和车辆租赁费。我们推导出两种政策的分析相图，并将政府的决策呈现在五个相互排斥的监管效果区域，即无效区域、最低司机工资有效区域、最高租车费有效区域、协调政策区域和不可行区域。我们的理论和数值结果表明，政府应精确协调两种政策，以实现更高的社会总福利，即乘客剩余、司机剩余和平台利润的加权和。我们还证明，如果所有利益相关者在社会福利中的权重相等，当社会总福利最大化时，平台的车辆租赁业务将实现零利润。所提出的模型和分析结果为整合了车辆租赁服务的乘车外包市场提供了管理启示，并为政府监管和平台运营管理提供了建议。

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引用次数: 0

Store brand entry with asymmetric cost information 成本信息不对称的店铺品牌进入

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103790

Yuanyuan Luo , Xiaojie Sun , Xiaohang Yue

This study conducts research on a dominant retailer’s establishment strategy of a store brand in a supply chain, in which the retailer possesses private knowledge of the store brand’s product cost, while the manufacturer is only informed about the distribution of this cost information. The store brand entry with asymmetric information initiates a signaling game between the chain members. Through comparing equilibrium outcomes, we find that the pooling equilibrium consistently prevails as the dominant equilibrium, suggesting that the informed retailer is reluctant to reveal the cost information to her national brand cooperative manufacturer. We also explore the influence of a retailer’s store brand entry on the national-brand manufacturer’s performance. The findings reveal that, with asymmetric cost information, mutually beneficial outcomes for all parties involved can be achieved by the establishment of a store brand. Furthermore, we delve into how the asymmetric cost information affects the performance of the chain members. Surprisingly, our findings demonstrate that asymmetric cost information may be desirable not only for the retailer, but also for the less informed manufacturer under specific circumstances. This suggests the possibility of supply chain members reaching a mutual agreement on the structure of asymmetric cost information.

在供应链中，零售商拥有关于商店品牌产品成本的私人知识，而制造商只了解这些成本信息的分布情况，本研究对主导零售商在供应链中建立商店品牌的策略进行了研究。在信息不对称的情况下，商店品牌的进入会引发供应链成员之间的信号博弈。通过比较均衡结果，我们发现集合均衡一直是占主导地位的均衡，这表明知情零售商不愿向其全国品牌合作制造商透露成本信息。我们还探讨了零售商进入商店品牌对全国品牌制造商业绩的影响。研究结果表明，在成本信息不对称的情况下，建立专卖店品牌可以为相关各方带来互惠互利的结果。此外，我们还深入研究了不对称成本信息如何影响连锁成员的绩效。令人惊讶的是，我们的研究结果表明，在特定情况下，不对称成本信息不仅对零售商有利，而且对信息不对称的制造商也有利。这表明供应链成员有可能就不对称成本信息的结构达成共识。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the impact of late deliveries on the operations of the crowd-shipping platform: A mean-variance analysis 调查延迟交付对众包平台运营的影响：均值方差分析

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103793

Qilong Li , Haohan Xiao , Min Xu , Ting Qu

Accompanying the booming of e-commerce, crowd-shipping (CS) service has gained much attention recently. It outsources shipping tasks to the crowd with app-based platform technologies, which largely increases shipping capacities. Despite its merits in providing flexible options for consignees, CS services often face difficulties in delivering packages on time due to several reasons such as crowdshippers’ unprofessional skills, which can be regarded as one of the risks in the CS platform’s operations. Motivated by this, we adopt a mean–variance (MV) approach to characterize the CS platform’s behaviors towards late deliveries, in which two kinds of risk-related behaviors, i.e., risk-neutral and risk-averse attitudes, are incorporated. To identify the impact of late deliveries on the CS platform’s operations, we propose two MV-based risk models, i.e., the risk-neutral and risk-averse models. Equilibrium results concerning the shipping price, the service level, the platform’s expected profit, the consignees’ surplus, and social welfare can be derived from the two models. Results show that late deliveries will negatively affect the CS platform’s profit but positively affect the CS market demand. Policy implications concerning offsetting the negative impact of late deliveries are further proposed and discussed.

伴随着电子商务的蓬勃发展，众包货运（CS）服务近来备受关注。它利用基于应用程序的平台技术将运输任务外包给人群，这在很大程度上提高了运输能力。尽管众包服务具有为收货人提供灵活选择的优点，但由于众包人技术不专业等原因，众包服务在准时交付包裹方面往往面临困难，这可以被视为众包平台运营中的风险之一。受此启发，我们采用均值方差（MV）方法来描述 CS 平台对延迟交付的行为特征，其中包含两种与风险相关的行为，即风险中性态度和风险规避态度。为了确定延迟交货对 CS 平台运营的影响，我们提出了两种基于 MV 的风险模型，即风险中性模型和风险规避模型。从这两个模型中可以得出有关运输价格、服务水平、平台预期利润、收货人盈余和社会福利的均衡结果。结果表明，延迟交货会对集装箱货运平台的利润产生负面影响，但会对集装箱货运的市场需求产生正面影响。本文进一步提出并讨论了抵消延迟交付负面影响的政策含义。

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引用次数: 0