Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review最新文献_第6页

A dual attention graph neural network framework for sustainable supply chain optimization under energy performance contracting 能源绩效契约下可持续供应链优化的双注意图神经网络框架

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2026.104702

Yuhan Guo , Runsheng Chen , Hamid Allaoui , Alok Choudhary , Wenhua Li

Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) is a market-driven collaboration mechanism between enterprises and energy service companies, offering substantial potential to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. However, integrating EPC into large-scale sustainable supply chain networks presents complex multi-criteria decision-making challenges, particularly in balancing economic performance, environmental sustainability, and social responsibility under dynamic operational conditions. To address these challenges, this study proposes a holistic EPC-integrated mathematical model and a hybrid solution framework based on a Dual Attention Graph Neural Network (DAGNN). The model extends the traditional triple-bottom-line framework by incorporating two additional dimensions—operational efficiency and product quality, and explicitly captures temporal dynamics, such as seasonal fluctuations in cost, profit, and demand, to more accurately assess EPC’s impact on supply chain sustainability. The dual attention architecture adopts two separate neural networks that learn context-aware importance of strategic and operational attributes by leveraging historical expert decisions. These learned weights enable adaptive prioritization of participant attributes under varying supply chain contexts and enhance the efficiency and interpretability of decision logic. The mathematical model is then transformed into an attention-enhanced bipartite graph representation and solved through a graph neural network, enabling efficient and accurate decision-making in large-scale settings. Experimental results on multi-period, multi-product instances demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves 92.88% solution accuracy relative to commercial solvers while reducing computational time by 99.96%. These results highlight the framework’s potential to provide real-time, scalable, and transparent decision support for EPC-integrated sustainable supply chains, thereby advancing the alignment of energy efficiency initiatives with holistic supply chain performance optimization.

能源绩效合同（EPC）是企业和能源服务公司之间以市场为导向的合作机制，为提高能源效率和减少碳排放提供了巨大的潜力。然而，将EPC整合到大规模的可持续供应链网络中提出了复杂的多标准决策挑战，特别是在动态运营条件下平衡经济绩效、环境可持续性和社会责任方面。为了应对这些挑战，本研究提出了一个整体的epc集成数学模型和基于双注意图神经网络（DAGNN）的混合解决方案框架。该模型扩展了传统的三重底线框架，纳入了两个额外的维度——运营效率和产品质量，并明确捕获了时间动态，如成本、利润和需求的季节性波动，以更准确地评估EPC对供应链可持续性的影响。双注意力架构采用两个独立的神经网络，通过利用历史专家决策来学习战略和操作属性的上下文感知重要性。这些学习到的权重可以在不同的供应链环境下对参与者属性进行自适应优先排序，并提高决策逻辑的效率和可解释性。然后将数学模型转换为注意增强的二部图表示，并通过图神经网络求解，实现大规模环境下高效准确的决策。在多周期、多产品实例上的实验结果表明，与商用求解器相比，该方法的求解精度达到92.88%，计算时间减少99.96%。这些结果突出了该框架为epc集成可持续供应链提供实时、可扩展和透明决策支持的潜力，从而促进了能源效率倡议与整体供应链绩效优化的一致性。

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引用次数: 0

Stochastic modeling and design of truck platooning strategies considering platoon dynamics 考虑队列动力学的卡车队列随机建模与策略设计

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2026.104684

Rashika Gupta , Devika Koonthalakadu Baby , Debjit Roy , Shankar C. Subramanian , Sandip Chakrabarti

Road transportation via trucks is a dominant mode for long-haul freight transport across countries. However, due to their significant dependence on fossil fuels, trucks are a large contributor to carbon emissions. Hence, new technology-driven solutions such as truck platoons are gaining momentum. While platoons promise to reduce fuel costs and emissions, they may increase transportation time due to additional coordination delays, such as the time required for platoon formation. In this research, we examine the performance trade-offs between platoon fuel savings and excess delay costs resulting from waiting for platoon formation among three platoon formation strategies: intermittent, continuous, and opportunistic. We develop a novel Closed Queuing Network model that captures the dynamics of platoons, as well as the stochasticity in truck travel times, and provides realistic estimates of platoon wait times and vehicle throughput. The platoon formation delays and size-dependent travel times are modeled using merging and load-dependent nodes, respectively, and analyzed through a continuous-time Markov chain. Our study provides key insights into the impact of increasing platoon size on performance measures, including system throughput and mean waiting time. With platooning, the network throughput capacity is reduced; however, fuel savings are realized. For a given network topology, we can identify an optimal platoon formation strategy that maximizes the throughput and fuel efficiency, while simultaneously minimizing vehicle waiting costs.

公路卡车运输是跨国长途货物运输的主要方式。然而，由于对化石燃料的严重依赖，卡车是碳排放的主要贡献者。因此，卡车排等新技术驱动的解决方案正在获得动力。虽然排可以降低燃料成本和排放，但由于额外的协调延迟，例如排形成所需的时间，它们可能会增加运输时间。在本研究中，我们考察了在间歇、连续和机会型三种组队策略中，组队燃料节约和等待组队所造成的额外延迟成本之间的性能权衡。我们开发了一种新颖的封闭排队网络模型，该模型捕捉了队列的动态，以及卡车行驶时间的随机性，并提供了队列等待时间和车辆吞吐量的现实估计。分别采用合并节点和负载依赖节点对队列形成延迟和规模依赖时间建模，并通过连续时间马尔可夫链进行分析。我们的研究为增加队列规模对性能指标的影响提供了关键见解，包括系统吞吐量和平均等待时间。通过队列化，网络吞吐能力降低；然而，节省燃料是可以实现的。对于给定的网络拓扑，我们可以确定最优的队列形成策略，使吞吐量和燃油效率最大化，同时使车辆等待成本最小化。

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引用次数: 0

Too big to stay? The restructuring of Italy’s flag carrier and its consequences on airline pricing 太大而不能留下来？意大利旗舰航空公司的重组及其对航空公司定价的影响

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2026.104695

Angela S. Bergantino , Mattia Borsati , Xavier Fageda , Mario Intini

Airline financial distress is a global phenomenon, yet its market implications remain underexplored. A notable case is the restructuring of Italy’s flag carrier, Alitalia, which went bankrupt and ceased operations on October 14, 2021. The following day, ITA Airways took over, inheriting parts of Alitalia’s network while operating under a distinct governance and management structure. This article examines how this transition has affected Italy’s aviation market and fare dynamics. By estimating price regressions at the route level using monthly fare data from 2017 to 2023, and by accounting for the non-random selection of routes retained by the airline after the reorganization, we find that the restructuring led to lower fares in the domestic market but higher prices on international routes, particularly for long-haul flights. In response to competitive pressures, ITA has adopted a more complex pricing strategy: functioning as a low-cost carrier domestically while raising fares on long-haul routes.

航空公司财务困境是一个全球现象，但其市场影响仍未得到充分探讨。一个引人注目的例子是意大利航空公司的重组，该公司于2021年10月14日破产并停止运营。第二天，ITA航空公司接管了意大利航空公司，在不同的治理和管理结构下运营，继承了意大利航空公司的部分网络。本文探讨了这种转变对意大利航空市场和票价动态的影响。利用2017年至2023年的月度票价数据估算航线层面的价格回归，并考虑到重组后航空公司保留的航线的非随机选择，我们发现重组导致国内市场票价降低，而国际航线价格上涨，特别是长途航班。为了应对竞争压力，ITA采用了一种更为复杂的定价策略：在国内充当低成本航空公司的同时，提高长途航线的票价。

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引用次数: 0

Should traditional ride-hailing firms develop robotaxi service? Intra-firm and inter-firm competition analysis 传统网约车公司是否应该开发机器人出租车服务？企业内部和企业间竞争分析

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2026.104697

Baozhuang Niu , Hongzhi Wang , Guang Xiao , Haotao Xu

In recent years, the accelerating breakthroughs in autonomous driving technology have catalyzed massive capital inflows into Robotaxi development, prompting ride-hailing service leading firms and emerging startups to commercialize Robotaxi service. However, considering the passengers’ attitude differences towards Robotaxi service and its co-opetition with traditional ride-hailing services, firms face complex strategic trade-offs when entering the Robotaxi market without giving up current ride-hailing services. In this paper, we develop a differentiated consumer utility model involving a traditional ride-hailing firm and a Robotaxi firm to examine the incentive for the traditional ride-hailing firm to also develop Robotaxi service, and we find that the effects of intra-firm competition and inter-firm competition lead to two counterintuitive results: (1) when passengers prefer human-driven service over Robotaxi service, the traditional ride-hailing firm surprisingly prefers to develop Robotaxi service; (2) when passengers exhibit preferences for Robotaxi service over human-driven service, the traditional ride-hailing firm is more likely to develop Robotaxi service only when the investment is less efficient, especially when the operational cost advantage of Robotaxi service is significant. Further, we find that the traditional ride-hailing firm’s Robotaxi development brings higher passenger surplus but may hurt the overall social welfare.

近年来，自动驾驶技术的加速突破催化了大量资金流入机器人出租车的发展，促使打车服务的领先公司和新兴初创公司将机器人出租车服务商业化。然而，考虑到乘客对Robotaxi服务的态度差异以及它与传统网约车服务的合作竞争，企业在不放弃现有网约车服务的情况下进入Robotaxi市场，面临着复杂的战略权衡。本文构建了一种涉及传统网约车公司和自动驾驶出租车公司的差异化消费者实用新型，考察了传统网约车公司发展自动驾驶出租车服务的动机，结果发现，企业内竞争和企业间竞争的影响导致了两个违反直觉的结果：(1)当乘客更倾向于人工驾驶服务而不是自动驾驶出租车服务时，传统网约车公司出人意料地更倾向于发展自动驾驶出租车服务；(2)当乘客对机器人出租车服务的偏好高于人工驾驶服务时，传统网约车公司只有在投资效率较低的情况下才更有可能发展机器人出租车服务，特别是当机器人出租车服务的运营成本优势显著时。进一步，我们发现传统网约车公司的机器人出租车发展带来了更高的乘客剩余，但可能损害整体社会福利。

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引用次数: 0

Linear carrot-and-stick: Compensation design with ordering delegation and demand updating 线性胡萝卜加大棒：排序委托和需求更新的补偿设计

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2026.104689

Yugang Yu , Xiaoting Jiao , Libo Sun

Delegating ordering to the salesforce leverages local market knowledge but complicates incentive alignment. Motivated by data from a major Amazon apparel seller, we study a Linear Carrot-and-Stick (LCS) scheme that couples a sales commission (“carrot”) with a leftover inventory penalty (“stick”). Using weekly SKU-level transaction data from June 2017 to May 2019, we observe that the adoption of LCS decreased the firm’s total shipments and sales relative to the prior Linear Pure-Commission Scheme (LPS). To interpret these patterns and offer design guidance, we develop a two-period principal-agent model in which the salesperson updates demand forecasts based on realized outcomes and also chooses the effort and places orders. We show that the optimal commission reflects the salesperson’s ability to convert effort into sales, while the penalty ratio balances overstocking liabilities with understocking opportunity costs, akin to the critical ratio in the newsvendor problem. To ensure that the salesforce utility remains competitive despite inventory penalties, we examine a utility protection mechanism, finding that higher values for both the components, carrot and stick, are essential for retaining a valuable person who faces attractive employment alternatives. A numerical study of the partner’s top-selling SKUs indicates that LCS can deliver a win-win outcome, improving both firm profitability and salesperson motivation compared to LPS. We further extend the analysis to information asymmetry, target-based demand updating, Bayesian demand updating, and a two-product setting, all of which widely confirm the robustness of our findings.

将订货委托给销售人员可以充分利用当地市场知识，但会使激励机制的调整变得复杂。受亚马逊一家主要服装销售商的数据启发，我们研究了一种胡萝卜加大棒（LCS）的线性方案，该方案将销售佣金（“胡萝卜”）与剩余库存惩罚（“大棒”）结合在一起。使用2017年6月至2019年5月的每周sku级交易数据，我们观察到，相对于之前的线性纯佣金计划（LPS）， LCS的采用减少了公司的总出货量和销售额。为了解释这些模式并提供设计指导，我们开发了一个两期委托代理模型，在该模型中，销售人员根据已实现的结果更新需求预测，并选择努力和下订单。我们表明，最优佣金反映了销售人员将努力转化为销售额的能力，而惩罚比率平衡了库存过多的负债和库存不足的机会成本，类似于报贩问题中的临界比率。为了确保销售人员效用在库存惩罚的情况下仍然具有竞争力，我们研究了效用保护机制，发现胡萝卜和大棒这两个组成部分的更高价值对于留住面临有吸引力的就业选择的有价值的人至关重要。一项对合作伙伴最畅销sku的数值研究表明，与LPS相比，LCS可以带来双赢的结果，既提高了公司的盈利能力，又提高了销售人员的积极性。我们进一步将分析扩展到信息不对称、基于目标的需求更新、贝叶斯需求更新和双产品设置，所有这些都广泛地证实了我们的发现的稳健性。

{"title":"Linear carrot-and-stick: Compensation design with ordering delegation and demand updating","authors":"Yugang Yu , Xiaoting Jiao , Libo Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2026.104689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tre.2026.104689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Delegating ordering to the salesforce leverages local market knowledge but complicates incentive alignment. Motivated by data from a major Amazon apparel seller, we study a Linear Carrot-and-Stick (LCS) scheme that couples a sales commission (“carrot”) with a leftover inventory penalty (“stick”). Using weekly SKU-level transaction data from June 2017 to May 2019, we observe that the adoption of LCS decreased the firm’s total shipments and sales relative to the prior Linear Pure-Commission Scheme (LPS). To interpret these patterns and offer design guidance, we develop a two-period principal-agent model in which the salesperson updates demand forecasts based on realized outcomes and also chooses the effort and places orders. We show that the optimal commission reflects the salesperson’s ability to convert effort into sales, while the penalty ratio balances overstocking liabilities with understocking opportunity costs, akin to the critical ratio in the newsvendor problem. To ensure that the salesforce utility remains competitive despite inventory penalties, we examine a utility protection mechanism, finding that higher values for both the components, carrot and stick, are essential for retaining a valuable person who faces attractive employment alternatives. A numerical study of the partner’s top-selling SKUs indicates that LCS can deliver a win-win outcome, improving both firm profitability and salesperson motivation compared to LPS. We further extend the analysis to information asymmetry, target-based demand updating, Bayesian demand updating, and a two-product setting, all of which widely confirm the robustness of our findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 104689"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collaborative freight transport service with high-frequency bus transit systems: Optimal bus operation strategies 基于高频公交系统的协同货运服务：优化公交运营策略

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104654

Chang Zhou, Yiming Yan, David Z. W. Wang

In the presence of a rapidly growing demand for urban delivery, existing bus services are recommended to offer collaborative freight transport services, especially during off-peak hours when the bus service capacity is excessive for passenger transportation. While the impact of freight transport on the transit service quality has not been explicitly considered in the literature on the topic of collaborative freight transport, this study aims to investigate, from a bus operator’s perspective, how to determine the optimal bus operation strategies to ensure the freight transport demand can be met while a certain level of bus passenger transport service quality is maintained. A mathematical programming approach is applied to formulate the problem, with the objective of minimizing both the operator’s costs, consisting of the bus operation costs and penalty imposed from unsatisfied freight transport demand, and users’ costs focusing primarily on the passengers’ travel time costs. The main bus operation strategies include bus vehicle seating capacity, fleet size, and bus headway, to be optimized to achieve the objective from the operator’s perspective. A generalized Benders decomposition-based solution algorithm is developed to solve the formulated problem efficiently, with completed algorithmic convergence proof. Numerical experiments are carried out to validate the model formulation and solution efficiency. Some of the numerical results indicate a tendency for bus headway to be set longer, leading to longer waiting times, and lower service quality for passenger transport, especially when freight transport demand is high. This highlights the importance of this study in offering bus service operators analysis tools in managing the trade-off between supplying freight transport service and the compromised passenger transport service quality.

在城市运输需求快速增长的情况下，建议现有的公交服务提供协同货运服务，特别是在非高峰时段，当公交服务能力超过客运能力时。货运协同运输的相关文献并未明确考虑货运对公交服务质量的影响，本研究旨在从公交运营商的角度探讨如何确定最优公交运营策略，以确保在满足货运需求的同时保持一定水平的公交客运服务质量。采用数学规划方法来制定问题，目标是最小化运营商的成本，包括公交车运营成本和未满足货运需求的罚款，以及用户的成本，主要是乘客的旅行时间成本。主要的公交运营策略包括公交车辆载客量、车队规模、车头距等，从运营商的角度出发，对其进行优化以达到目标。提出了一种基于广义Benders分解的求解算法，并给出了算法的收敛性证明。通过数值实验验证了模型的建立和求解效率。一些数值结果表明，公交车车头距设置更长，导致等待时间更长，客运服务质量下降，特别是在货运需求高的情况下。这突出了本研究的重要性，为巴士服务运营商提供分析工具，以管理提供货运服务和受损的客运服务质量之间的权衡。

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引用次数: 0

A p-Robust Location-Allocation model for Resilience-Oriented collaborative emergency response network in urban agglomerations 面向弹性的城市群协同应急响应网络的p鲁棒定位-分配模型

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2026.104698

Laijun Zhao , Weijie Xie , Huiyong Li , Changzhi Wu , Shuo Sun , Pingle Yang , Lixin Zhou

Disasters that can occur unexpectedly pose significant threats to human life, health, and property. When such events take place in urban agglomerations, their impact is likely to become more complex. In the present study, we focus on the emergency facility location-allocation problem and explore regional collaboration strategies to effectively address the challenges posed by urban agglomerations. We develop a collaborative emergency response network design framework and propose a collaborative emergency facility location-allocation model for the problem. Given the intrinsic relationships among emergency operations, the model integrates the planning of facility location, victim evacuation, casualty transfer, and medical supply allocation. Moreover, given the uncertainty in the number of casualties, we employ a p-robust optimization model. The model, which formulates with bi-objectives of cost and resilience, is solved using an augmented ε-constraint method and applied to a case in the demonstration zone of green and integrated ecological development of the Yangtze River Delta. Our simulation results reveal that, compared to the existing territorial priority strategy, the regional emergency collaboration strategy increases network resilience by 19.51% and reduces emergency response time by 1.26 h. In addition, we conduct sensitivity analyses on various parameters and provide managerial insights to improve emergency operations in urban agglomerations.

可能意外发生的灾害对人类的生命、健康和财产构成重大威胁。当这类事件发生在城市群时，其影响可能会变得更加复杂。在本研究中，我们着眼于应急设施的选址问题，探索区域协作策略，以有效应对城市群带来的挑战。针对这一问题，建立了协同应急响应网络设计框架，并提出了协同应急设施配置模型。考虑到应急行动之间的内在联系，该模型集成了设施选址、受害者疏散、伤员转移和医疗物资分配的规划。此外，考虑到伤亡人数的不确定性，我们采用了p-鲁棒优化模型。该模型以成本和弹性为双目标，采用增强型ε约束方法求解，并以长三角绿色生态综合发展示范区为例进行了实例分析。仿真结果表明，与现有的区域优先策略相比，区域应急协同策略使网络弹性提高了19.51%，应急响应时间缩短了1.26 h。此外，我们对各参数进行了敏感性分析，为改善城市群的应急操作提供了管理见解。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating six feeder modes with the metro system: Insights from on-demand and pooled services 与地铁系统集成六种馈线模式：从按需和共享服务的见解

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104659

Linchuan Yang

Understanding travel patterns of feeder modes for metro systems is crucial for addressing first-mile challenges and advancing sustainable urban mobility. Existing research predominantly examines traditional transit modes (e.g., buses) and emerging on-demand transport services (e.g., ride-hailing) separately, with limited comparative analysis between the two. Furthermore, most studies do not distinguish between solo trips and pooled trips, leading to potential misestimation of the impact of each trip type. Drawing on multi-source data from Shenzhen, this study analyzes the access patterns of six feeder modes (i.e., solo ride-hailing, ride-pooling, solo taxis, taxi-pooling, buses, and free-floating bike-sharing) and their integration with the metro system. We employ the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) models to evaluate the impacts of these feeder modes on metro ridership, and analyze how on-demand transport services fill gaps in the metro-bus network based on the coverage extension ratio and travel time ratio. Our findings reveal: (1) Solo taxis represent the fastest feeder mode; (2) As access distance increases, the cost advantage of ride-hailing diminishes, while the speed advantage of taxis becomes more pronounced; (3) Ride-pooling contributes to increased metro usage in non-central areas; (4) On-demand transport services can effectively address gaps in the metro-bus network. This study provides policy implications for optimizing transportation resource allocation and enhancing first-mile connectivity for metro systems.

了解地铁系统支线模式的出行模式对于解决第一英里挑战和推进可持续城市交通至关重要。现有的研究主要分别考察了传统的交通方式（如公共汽车）和新兴的按需交通服务（如叫车服务），两者之间的比较分析有限。此外，大多数研究没有区分单独旅行和集体旅行，导致对每种旅行类型影响的潜在错误估计。本研究利用深圳的多源数据，分析了六种接驳模式（即单人网约车、拼车、单人出租车、拼车、公交车和自由浮动共享单车）的接入模式及其与地铁系统的融合。本文采用极限梯度增强（XGBoost）和SHapley加性解释（SHAP）模型评估了这些接驳模式对地铁客流量的影响，并基于覆盖延伸比和行程时间比分析了按需运输服务如何填补地铁公交网络的空白。研究结果表明：(1)单人出租车是最快的馈线模式；(2)随着出行距离的增加，网约车的成本优势逐渐减弱，而出租车的速度优势越来越明显；(3)拼车有助于增加非中心地区的地铁使用率；(4)按需交通服务可以有效解决地铁公交网络的缺口。该研究为优化交通资源配置和提高地铁系统第一英里连通性提供了政策启示。

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引用次数: 0

ASB-TDM: Towards flexible and user-friendly transportation demand management in polycentric metropolitan areas ASB-TDM：在多中心的大都市地区实现灵活和用户友好的交通需求管理

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104652

Zhanbo Sun , Huimin Tang , Baichuan Zhu , Qinxu Li , Xuting Wang , Rui Ma

This paper proposes a novel, flexible and user-friendly approach, namely, attraction site-based transportation demand management (ASB-TDM) to alleviate road congestion and improve social welfare in trip-making, where both pull and push strategies are imposed on attraction sites in polycentric metropolitan areas. Under the ASB-TDM, attraction sites - as the objects under government regulation - are charged for causing excessive congestion at traffic hotspots or subsidized to attract consumers and balance network traffic. The impacts of ASB-TDM can be partially transferred to the travelers. There is a game between the government, attraction sites and travelers. Government, as the leader, aims to maximize social welfare, while the attraction sites pursue maximizing their own profits, and travelers choose the destination and path accordingly so as to maximize individual trip-making utilities. A tri-level programming model is established to study the game, which is then solved using a meta-heuristic solution approach integrating method of successive algorithm, diagonalization algorithm, and elitism-based genetic algorithm. Experiments were conducted based on a four-node network, the Nguyen-Dupuis network, and the Sioux Falls Network. Numerical results indicate that the oligopolistic competition among attraction sites can lead to improved social welfare and alleviated traffic congestion due to the dispersion effects of attraction sites in polycentric metropolitan areas, as the induced travel demand is diverted to underutilized areas (e.g., subcenters). The ASB-TDM scheme with government participation further enhances these benefits by optimizing the competitive dynamics through strategic subsidies and charges, leading to superior outcomes compared to the pure market-driven approach.

本文提出了一种新颖、灵活且用户友好的方法，即基于景点的交通需求管理（ASB-TDM），该方法在多中心大都市地区的景点站点上实施拉和推策略，以缓解道路拥堵和提高出行社会福利。根据ASB-TDM，景点——作为政府监管的对象——在交通热点造成过度拥堵时要收费，或者为吸引消费者和平衡网络流量而提供补贴。ASB-TDM的影响可以部分转移到出行者身上。政府、景点和游客之间存在一种博弈。政府作为领导者的目标是社会福利最大化，景点追求自身利益最大化，游客选择目的地和路径以实现个人出行效用最大化。建立了一个三层规划模型来研究该博弈，然后采用逐次算法、对角化算法和基于精英的遗传算法相结合的元启发式求解方法对该博弈进行求解。实验是基于四节点网络、Nguyen-Dupuis网络和Sioux Falls网络进行的。结果表明，在多中心都市圈中，由于景点的分散效应，吸引的旅游需求被转移到未充分利用的区域（如副中心），因此，景点之间的寡头竞争可以改善社会福利，缓解交通拥堵。政府参与的ASB-TDM方案通过战略性补贴和收费优化竞争动态，进一步提高了这些效益，与纯市场驱动的方法相比，产生了更好的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Strategic bundling of information products: Managing consumer group tastes and product versions 信息产品的战略捆绑：管理消费者群体的口味和产品版本

IF 8.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2026.104691

Mingjun Li , Sandun C. Perera , Xiang Ji

Bundling strategies are widely used in the information product market. Unlike physical products, information products typically have limited marginal costs, offer multiple versions, and differ in functionality rather than purely in quality. Motivated by the widespread use of bundling in retail and digital platforms, this study explores how firms can optimize bundling strategies for information products, taking into account varying consumer group tastes and quality differentiation between product versions. We consider a monopolistic firm that produces both a physical product and an information product, deciding on the version to offer as well as its bundling and pricing strategy. In addition to individual-level valuation heterogeneity, we also account for consumers’ group-level tastes toward information products, which influence both individual valuations and the perceived quality of different versions. Our findings reveal that bundling serves not only as a tool for price discrimination but also enables firms to effectively manage heterogeneous group preferences. Specifically, bundling is optimal when shared quality is either very low or very high, and firms may strategically choose between the basic and premium versions depending on consumer heterogeneity. Interestingly, under certain market conditions, bundling can function as a substitute for traditional versioning strategies. Moreover, the taste gap and the quality gap driven by group taste significantly impact a firm’s versioning and bundling strategies. These findings provide managerial insights into how firms can optimize pricing and product offerings in digital markets.

捆绑销售策略在信息产品市场中被广泛应用。与实体产品不同，信息产品通常具有有限的边际成本，提供多个版本，并且在功能上有所不同，而不仅仅是在质量上。由于捆绑销售在零售和数字平台上的广泛使用，本研究探讨了企业如何优化信息产品的捆绑销售策略，同时考虑到不同消费者群体的口味和产品版本之间的质量差异。我们考虑一家既生产实物产品又生产信息产品的垄断企业，决定提供的产品版本以及捆绑和定价策略。除了个人层面的评估异质性外，我们还考虑了消费者群体层面对信息产品的品味，这既影响了个人评估，也影响了不同版本的感知质量。我们的研究结果表明，捆绑销售不仅可以作为价格歧视的工具，而且可以使企业有效地管理异质性群体偏好。具体来说，当共享质量非常低或非常高时，捆绑销售是最优的，公司可能会根据消费者的异质性在基本版本和高级版本之间进行战略性选择。有趣的是，在某些市场条件下，捆绑可以作为传统版本控制策略的替代品。此外，由群体品味驱动的品味差距和质量差距显著影响了公司的版本控制和捆绑策略。这些发现为企业如何在数字市场中优化定价和产品提供了管理见解。

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