J. Wertz, M. Cherry, Sean O'Rourke, Laura Homa, Nick Lorenzo, Erik Blasch
The capability of a material depends on multiscale physical properties. In many cases, state-of-the-art material characterization methods for micro-to-mesoscale features require extensive preparation or destructive analysis. These shortcomings limit their use for quality control of component-scale parts, as extensive preparation or destructive analysis are prohibitively expensive or impossible for real-time assessment. One example is the detection and characterization of critical microtexture regions in titanium, where the state-of-the-art sensing method is both damaging and constrained to a laboratory environment. New sensing approaches that achieve the capability of laboratory-based characterization methods without destructive assessment offer promise for manufacturing, inspection, and assembly. A potential solution is to develop novel data fusion algorithms to complement existing nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques.
{"title":"Multiscale Mixed Modality Microstructure Assessment for Titanium (M4AT) Data Set","authors":"J. Wertz, M. Cherry, Sean O'Rourke, Laura Homa, Nick Lorenzo, Erik Blasch","doi":"10.32548/2022.me-04274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04274","url":null,"abstract":"The capability of a material depends on multiscale physical properties. In many cases, state-of-the-art material characterization methods for micro-to-mesoscale features require extensive preparation or destructive analysis. These shortcomings limit their use for quality control of component-scale parts, as extensive preparation or destructive analysis are prohibitively expensive or impossible for real-time assessment. One example is the detection and characterization of critical microtexture regions in titanium, where the state-of-the-art sensing method is both damaging and constrained to a laboratory environment. New sensing approaches that achieve the capability of laboratory-based characterization methods without destructive assessment offer promise for manufacturing, inspection, and assembly. A potential solution is to develop novel data fusion algorithms to complement existing nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques.","PeriodicalId":49876,"journal":{"name":"Materials Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44787425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we applied the reverse time migration (RTM) method to ultrasonic defect imaging in anisotropic materials. RTM offered that the defect shape could be uniquely determined by calculating a cross correlation of the incident and the reverse propagated waves from the array transducer. 2D simulations demonstrated that defect imaging by the RTM method requires an accurate numerical setup. We validated our technique using measured scattered waves from a slit in unidirectional solidified 316L stainless steel. By using the elastic constants determined from the ultrasonic wavefield data, the slit shape was correctly reconstructed. This provides a proof of principle that the RTM method is effective in nondestructive imaging of composite structures containing anisotropic materials.
{"title":"Application of the Reverse Time Migration Method to Ultrasonic Nondestructive Imaging for Anisotropic Materials","authors":"H. Mizota, Y. Amano, K. Nakahata","doi":"10.32548/2022.me-04244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04244","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we applied the reverse time migration (RTM) method to ultrasonic defect imaging in anisotropic materials. RTM offered that the defect shape could be uniquely determined by calculating a cross correlation of the incident and the reverse propagated waves from the array transducer. 2D simulations demonstrated that defect imaging by the RTM method requires an accurate numerical setup. We validated our technique using measured scattered waves from a slit in unidirectional solidified 316L stainless steel. By using the elastic constants determined from the ultrasonic wavefield data, the slit shape was correctly reconstructed. This provides a proof of principle that the RTM method is effective in nondestructive imaging of composite structures containing anisotropic materials.","PeriodicalId":49876,"journal":{"name":"Materials Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45127109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. R. Ahmedbacha, A. Benouar, A. Khorsi, N. Akermi, K. Kaddouri
Rotating machines such as electric motors and pumps are the heart of any industrial production chain. Rotors are usually the most worn parts, and the preventive maintenance of these vital organs, although necessary, remains penalizing for the production line because the machines are stopped and disassembled for a lengthy period during the inspection phase. This paper suggests a simulation of optimized tomographic reconstruction by cone beam acquisition geometry to scan a functioning machine rotor with high X-ray energy. In this work we propose a simple design of a fixed-angle projection scanner. Rotating projections are replaced by synchro-rotation to the nominal angular velocity of the rotor. The simulation results demonstrate that it is possible to adapt the filtered back-projection algorithm to compute a tomographic image of the rotor by a single projection device.
{"title":"Simulation of Tomographic Acquisition and Reconstruction Slice for Industrial Machine Rotor with Fixed-Angle Scanner","authors":"M. R. Ahmedbacha, A. Benouar, A. Khorsi, N. Akermi, K. Kaddouri","doi":"10.32548/2022.me-04263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04263","url":null,"abstract":"Rotating machines such as electric motors and pumps are the heart of any industrial production chain. Rotors are usually the most worn parts, and the preventive maintenance of these vital organs, although necessary, remains penalizing for the production line because the machines are stopped and disassembled for a lengthy period during the inspection phase. This paper suggests a simulation of optimized tomographic reconstruction by cone beam acquisition geometry to scan a functioning machine rotor with high X-ray energy. In this work we propose a simple design of a fixed-angle projection scanner. Rotating projections are replaced by synchro-rotation to the nominal angular velocity of the rotor. The simulation results demonstrate that it is possible to adapt the filtered back-projection algorithm to compute a tomographic image of the rotor by a single projection device.","PeriodicalId":49876,"journal":{"name":"Materials Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44417144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheng Yanchun, Miao Cunjian, Hong Lixiang, Guo Weican
A reduction in wall thickness, caused by corrosion, of the inner and outer surfaces of underground compressed natural gas storage wells is one of the main causes of failure. Therefore, taking wall thickness measurements is an important task during periodic inspection. This study proposes a corrosion detection technique based on the well’s shape using cylindrical convex ultrasonic phased array and develops a cylindrical convex phased array probe with 512 elements. Using an example well of ∅177 × 10.36 mm, the influences of process parameters such as active aperture, focal length, gain, and gate threshold are studied. In addition, an experiment is conducted on a sample well with artificial defects for parameters optimization. Next, experimental tests are carried out on the well at the test platform according to the optimized parameters. The results show that the proposed technique is of high sensitivity and efficiency for the detection of corrosion defects and is able to detect pitting corrosion of more than ∅2 mm and line corrosion of 1 mm width.
{"title":"An Experimental Study on Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing for Internal Inspection of Gas Storage Wells","authors":"Zheng Yanchun, Miao Cunjian, Hong Lixiang, Guo Weican","doi":"10.32548/2022.me-04278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04278","url":null,"abstract":"A reduction in wall thickness, caused by corrosion, of the inner and outer surfaces of underground compressed natural gas storage wells is one of the main causes of failure. Therefore, taking wall thickness measurements is an important task during periodic inspection. This study proposes a corrosion detection technique based on the well’s shape using cylindrical convex ultrasonic phased array and develops a cylindrical convex phased array probe with 512 elements. Using an example well of ∅177 × 10.36 mm, the influences of process parameters such as active aperture, focal length, gain, and gate threshold are studied. In addition, an experiment is conducted on a sample well with artificial defects for parameters optimization. Next, experimental tests are carried out on the well at the test platform according to the optimized parameters. The results show that the proposed technique is of high sensitivity and efficiency for the detection of corrosion defects and is able to detect pitting corrosion of more than ∅2 mm and line corrosion of 1 mm width.","PeriodicalId":49876,"journal":{"name":"Materials Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48710221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies are carried out to investigate the tensile deformation behavior of AISI-type 1025 carbon steel with different microstructures using metal magnetic memory and acoustic emission testing (AE) techniques. Seven AISI 1025 carbon steel specimens were heat treated for different microstructures and then subjected to tensile deformation until fracture. AE was conducted during tensile deformation and the deformation-induced self-magnetic leakage fields (SMLFs) were measured using a giant magneto-resistive sensor after unloading. Results reveal that SMLF signal values are influenced by microstructure and residual stress aroused due to plastic deformation. Among different specimens, SMLF signal peak amplitude is highest in the brine-quenched specimen followed by the tempered specimen, while hardness is highest in the brine-quenched specimen. SMLF signal peak amplitude and hardness are the lowest in the annealed specimen. SMLF signal is higher in tempered specimens compared to the untempered specimens. From AE measurements, it is observed that martensitic steel emits higher acoustic emissions during deformation but decreases when tempered. The acoustic emissions generated in the martensitic steel are also of higher amplitude. The results are correlated with optical micrographs and hardness measurements.
{"title":"Study of Deformation Behavior of AISI 1025 Carbon Steel with Different Microstructures Using Metal Magnetic Memory and Acoustic Emission Testing","authors":"W. Singh, CK Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.32548/2022.me-04195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04195","url":null,"abstract":"Studies are carried out to investigate the tensile deformation behavior of AISI-type 1025 carbon steel with different microstructures using metal magnetic memory and acoustic emission testing (AE) techniques. Seven AISI 1025 carbon steel specimens were heat treated for different microstructures and then subjected to tensile deformation until fracture. AE was conducted during tensile deformation and the deformation-induced self-magnetic leakage fields (SMLFs) were measured using a giant magneto-resistive sensor after unloading. Results reveal that SMLF signal values are influenced by microstructure and residual stress aroused due to plastic deformation. Among different specimens, SMLF signal peak amplitude is highest in the brine-quenched specimen followed by the tempered specimen, while hardness is highest in the brine-quenched specimen. SMLF signal peak amplitude and hardness are the lowest in the annealed specimen. SMLF signal is higher in tempered specimens compared to the untempered specimens. From AE measurements, it is observed that martensitic steel emits higher acoustic emissions during deformation but decreases when tempered. The acoustic emissions generated in the martensitic steel are also of higher amplitude. The results are correlated with optical micrographs and hardness measurements.","PeriodicalId":49876,"journal":{"name":"Materials Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47998739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In situ process monitoring refers to any technology that monitors an additive manufacturing (AM) process. The range of technologies is as broad as the range of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods and can even extend to machine health monitoring more traditionally associated with process control (McCann et al. 2021). For example, voltage, current, and pressure sensors can be used to detect if something abnormal occurs in the regular operations of the AM machine, including the machinery, laser or arc, ventilation, wire feed, or powder recoating processes. If these sensors detect an off-nominal condition, that region of the AM build can be investigated by checking the data streams from other process monitoring technologies, or after the build using NDE.
{"title":"In Situ Process Monitoring: A Perspective on the Role of In Situ Process Monitoring in the Certification of Additive Manufactured Space Hardware","authors":"Erin Lanigan","doi":"10.32548/2022.me-04261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04261","url":null,"abstract":"In situ process monitoring refers to any technology that monitors an additive manufacturing (AM) process. The range of technologies is as broad as the range of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods and can even extend to machine health monitoring more traditionally associated with process control (McCann et al. 2021). For example, voltage, current, and pressure sensors can be used to detect if something abnormal occurs in the regular operations of the AM machine, including the machinery, laser or arc, ventilation, wire feed, or powder recoating processes. If these sensors detect an off-nominal condition, that region of the AM build can be investigated by checking the data streams from other process monitoring technologies, or after the build using NDE.","PeriodicalId":49876,"journal":{"name":"Materials Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44259192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a perspective of the needs and opportunities associated with the multidisciplinary problem of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of additive manufacturing (AM). Recognizing the multidisciplinary nature of the problem, as well as the need to bridge knowledge between the different communities, the paper is structured to provide brief backgrounds and details relevant to both communities, as well as present an assessment of the state of the art. This paper, in some respects, is meant to be a primer of the different landscapes, as well as a catalyst for making future connections. At the end, it will be clear that there is much more work to be done, but that the work that is ongoing is exciting, and the potential to exploit NDE techniques for metals-based AM is very high.
{"title":"A Perspective of The Needs and Opportunities for Coupling Materials Science and Nondestructive Evaluation for Metals-Based Additive Manufacturing","authors":"MJ Quintana, Y. Ji, P. Collins","doi":"10.32548/2022.me-04256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04256","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a perspective of the needs and opportunities associated with the multidisciplinary problem of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of additive manufacturing (AM). Recognizing the multidisciplinary nature of the problem, as well as the need to bridge knowledge between the different communities, the paper is structured to provide brief backgrounds and details relevant to both communities, as well as present an assessment of the state of the art. This paper, in some respects, is meant to be a primer of the different landscapes, as well as a catalyst for making future connections. At the end, it will be clear that there is much more work to be done, but that the work that is ongoing is exciting, and the potential to exploit NDE techniques for metals-based AM is very high.","PeriodicalId":49876,"journal":{"name":"Materials Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43788033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brett G. Diehl, A. Castro, Lars Jaquemetton, D. Beckett
In situ melt pool monitoring is a set of technologies widely deployed on industrial, metals-based laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM) systems. This study investigates the use of a calibrated tungsten ribbon lamp as a reference standard to calibrate a photodetector based, on-axis melt pool monitoring system. Calibration demonstrates two functions: (a) enable a reference for measuring and ensuring system repeatability, and (b) enable reference to physical temperature values based on the measured photodetector signals. The second function is explored in this paper. A regression-based model is derived based on bichromatic Planck thermometry theory. The calibrated tungsten lamp is then placed within a LPBF system, and resulting photodetector signals are measured at different lamp temperature set points to calibrate the model. Finally, several additional characterization tests and their results are presented verifying the temporal response of the lamp, measurement noise as a function of sampling time, and spectroscopic measurements of the LPBF optics and their potential effect on temperature calibration. A framework is also developed to normalize temperature readings across the build plate to remove location-dependent optical artifacts.
{"title":"Thermal Calibration of Ratiometric, On-Axis Melt Pool Monitoring Photodetector System Using Tungsten Strip Lamp","authors":"Brett G. Diehl, A. Castro, Lars Jaquemetton, D. Beckett","doi":"10.32548/2022.me-04271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04271","url":null,"abstract":"In situ melt pool monitoring is a set of technologies widely deployed on industrial, metals-based laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM) systems. This study investigates the use of a calibrated tungsten ribbon lamp as a reference standard to calibrate a photodetector based, on-axis melt pool monitoring system. Calibration demonstrates two functions: (a) enable a reference for measuring and ensuring system repeatability, and (b) enable reference to physical temperature values based on the measured photodetector signals. The second function is explored in this paper. A regression-based model is derived based on bichromatic Planck thermometry theory. The calibrated tungsten lamp is then placed within a LPBF system, and resulting photodetector signals are measured at different lamp temperature set points to calibrate the model. Finally, several additional characterization tests and their results are presented verifying the temporal response of the lamp, measurement noise as a function of sampling time, and spectroscopic measurements of the LPBF optics and their potential effect on temperature calibration. A framework is also developed to normalize temperature readings across the build plate to remove location-dependent optical artifacts.","PeriodicalId":49876,"journal":{"name":"Materials Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49665215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kenderian, Tait D. McLouth, Dhruvish Y. Patel, Julian R. Lohser
To understand the thermal history of parts manufactured in a laser powder bed fusion system, eight thermocouple sensors were imbedded at key locations with respect to the parts being built. The design comprised eight vertical cylinders 2.54 cm (1 in.) and 1.27 cm (0.5 in.) in diameter and four 2.54 cm (1 in.) horizontal cylinders. The temperature signature collected at the eight locations reveals the time intervals of depositing and melting each layer and the cooling trend associated with the stoppage required for filter cleaning. The temperature profile also reveals a fast rate of heat accumulation at the start of the process. As more layers are melted and the part becomes taller, the dissipation path for heat deposited by the laser increases prior to reaching the build plate. The heat accumulation, therefore, increases rapidly at first, then decreases, plateaus, and then drops slightly toward the end. Distortions due to residual stresses and resultant part separation from the build plate can be deduced from the thermal signature as detected by the thermocouple sensors. This allows the manufacturer to make adjustments or abort the process if necessary. Otherwise, these distortions that render the part a reject are discovered hours or days later upon completion of the additively manufactured part.
{"title":"Thermocouple Process Monitoring for Additive Manufacturing","authors":"S. Kenderian, Tait D. McLouth, Dhruvish Y. Patel, Julian R. Lohser","doi":"10.32548/2022.me-04243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04243","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the thermal history of parts manufactured in a laser powder bed fusion system, eight thermocouple sensors were imbedded at key locations with respect to the parts being built. The design comprised eight vertical cylinders 2.54 cm (1 in.) and 1.27 cm (0.5 in.) in diameter and four 2.54 cm (1 in.) horizontal cylinders. The temperature signature collected at the eight locations reveals the time intervals of depositing and melting each layer and the cooling trend associated with the stoppage required for filter cleaning. The temperature profile also reveals a fast rate of heat accumulation at the start of the process. As more layers are melted and the part becomes taller, the dissipation path for heat deposited by the laser increases prior to reaching the build plate. The heat accumulation, therefore, increases rapidly at first, then decreases, plateaus, and then drops slightly toward the end. Distortions due to residual stresses and resultant part separation from the build plate can be deduced from the thermal signature as detected by the thermocouple sensors. This allows the manufacturer to make adjustments or abort the process if necessary. Otherwise, these distortions that render the part a reject are discovered hours or days later upon completion of the additively manufactured part.","PeriodicalId":49876,"journal":{"name":"Materials Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44335451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Cook, Nancy Huang, R. Smithson, C. Kube, A. Beese, A. Argüelles
Binder jet metallic additive manufacturing (AM) is a popular alternative to powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition because of lower costs, elimination of thermal cycling, and lower energy consumption. However, like other metallic AM processes, binder jetting is prone to defects like porosity, which decreases the adoption of binder-jetted parts. Binder-jetted parts are sometimes infiltrated with a low melting temperature metal to fill pores during sintering; however, the infiltration is impacted by the part geometry and infiltration environment, which can cause infill nonuniformity. Furthermore, using an infiltration metal creates a complicated multiphase microstructure substantially different than common wrought materials and alloys. To bring insight to the binder jet/infiltration process toward part qualification and improved part quality, spatially dependent ultrasonic wave speed and attenuation techniques are being applied to help characterize and map porosity in parts made by binder jet AM. In this paper, measurements are conducted on binder-jetted stainless steel and stainless steel infiltrated with bronze samples. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is used to provide an assessment of porosity.
{"title":"Ultrasonic Characterization of Porosity in Components Made by Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing","authors":"O. Cook, Nancy Huang, R. Smithson, C. Kube, A. Beese, A. Argüelles","doi":"10.32548/2022.me-04266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04266","url":null,"abstract":"Binder jet metallic additive manufacturing (AM) is a popular alternative to powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition because of lower costs, elimination of thermal cycling, and lower energy consumption. However, like other metallic AM processes, binder jetting is prone to defects like porosity, which decreases the adoption of binder-jetted parts. Binder-jetted parts are sometimes infiltrated with a low melting temperature metal to fill pores during sintering; however, the infiltration is impacted by the part geometry and infiltration environment, which can cause infill nonuniformity. Furthermore, using an infiltration metal creates a complicated multiphase microstructure substantially different than common wrought materials and alloys. To bring insight to the binder jet/infiltration process toward part qualification and improved part quality, spatially dependent ultrasonic wave speed and attenuation techniques are being applied to help characterize and map porosity in parts made by binder jet AM. In this paper, measurements are conducted on binder-jetted stainless steel and stainless steel infiltrated with bronze samples. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is used to provide an assessment of porosity.","PeriodicalId":49876,"journal":{"name":"Materials Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46833848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：