Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00161-x
Jonathan T. Rothwell, Telli Davoodi
Theoretically and empirically, parenting is closely related to the psychological health of offspring, but long-term effects and possible international differences are not well established. In a pre-registered multilevel modeling analysis using data from the Global Flourishing Study, we tested whether retrospective parent-child relationship quality predicts adult well-being in a representative sample of 202,898 adults living in 21 countries and one territory. We developed and validated indexes of flourishing and mental health. Retrospective parent-child relationship quality predicted both with substantial effect sizes for flourishing (std mean effect = 0.21, 95% CI 0.19–0.23) and mental health (std mean effect = 0.18, 95% CI 0.17–0.20). A positive association between relationship quality and flourishing was found in all 22 areas (significant in 21). Parental religiosity positively predicted relationship quality (std mean effect = 0.09, 95% CI 0.06–0.11). In higher income and more secular countries, relationship quality was lower, but the well-being benefits were higher. Parental religiosity predicted higher relationship quality in every country in the sample. Cross-cultural evidence indicates an association between higher recalled parent-child relationship quality and adult flourishing as well as current mental health. Relationship quality was higher with reports of greater parental religiosity
从理论和经验上讲，养育子女与后代的心理健康密切相关，但长期影响和可能存在的国际差异尚未得到很好的证实。我们利用全球幸福研究（Global Flourishing Study）的数据进行了一项预先登记的多层次模型分析，测试了生活在 21 个国家和 1 个地区的 202,898 名成年人的代表性样本中，回顾性亲子关系质量是否能预测成年人的幸福感。我们开发并验证了幸福指数和心理健康指数。回顾性亲子关系质量对幸福感（std mean effect = 0.21, 95% CI 0.19-0.23）和心理健康（std mean effect = 0.18, 95% CI 0.17-0.20）都有显著的预测效果。在所有 22 个领域中，关系质量与蓬勃发展之间都存在正相关（在 21 个领域中显著）。父母的宗教信仰对人际关系质量有积极的预测作用（std 平均效应 = 0.09，95% CI 0.06-0.11）。在收入较高和世俗化程度较高的国家，关系质量较低，但幸福感较高。在样本中的每个国家，父母的宗教信仰都预示着较高的关系质量。跨文化证据表明，较高的亲子关系质量与成人的蓬勃发展以及当前的心理健康之间存在关联。父母宗教信仰越高，关系质量越高
{"title":"Parent-child relationship quality predicts higher subjective well-being in adulthood across a diverse group of countries","authors":"Jonathan T. Rothwell, Telli Davoodi","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00161-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00161-x","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretically and empirically, parenting is closely related to the psychological health of offspring, but long-term effects and possible international differences are not well established. In a pre-registered multilevel modeling analysis using data from the Global Flourishing Study, we tested whether retrospective parent-child relationship quality predicts adult well-being in a representative sample of 202,898 adults living in 21 countries and one territory. We developed and validated indexes of flourishing and mental health. Retrospective parent-child relationship quality predicted both with substantial effect sizes for flourishing (std mean effect = 0.21, 95% CI 0.19–0.23) and mental health (std mean effect = 0.18, 95% CI 0.17–0.20). A positive association between relationship quality and flourishing was found in all 22 areas (significant in 21). Parental religiosity positively predicted relationship quality (std mean effect = 0.09, 95% CI 0.06–0.11). In higher income and more secular countries, relationship quality was lower, but the well-being benefits were higher. Parental religiosity predicted higher relationship quality in every country in the sample. Cross-cultural evidence indicates an association between higher recalled parent-child relationship quality and adult flourishing as well as current mental health. Relationship quality was higher with reports of greater parental religiosity","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00161-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00158-6
Indre Pileckyte, Salvador Soto-Faraco
Visual working memory (vWM) plays a crucial role in visual information processing and higher cognitive functions; however, it has a very limited capacity. Recently, several studies have successfully modulated vWM capacity in humans using entrainment with transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS) by targeting parietal theta in a frequency-specific manner. In the current study, we aim to expand upon these findings by utilizing sensory instead of electrical stimulation. Across six behavioral experiments (combined N = 209), we applied rhythmic visual and auditory sensory stimulation at 4 Hz and 7 Hz, aiming to modulate vWM capacity. Collectively, the results showed an overall robust improvement with sensory stimulation at either frequency, compared to baseline. However, contrary to our prediction, 7 Hz stimulation tended to slightly outperform 4 Hz stimulation. Importantly, the observed facilitatory effect was mainly driven by the low-capacity sub-group of participants. Follow-up experiments using the Attention Network Test (ANT) and pupillometry measures did not find evidence that this effect could be directly attributed to modulation of phasic or tonic arousal. We speculate that our results differed from those obtained with tACS due to targeting functionally different theta oscillations, or the modulation of participants’ temporal expectations. Visual or auditory stimulation at 4 Hz and 7 Hz improved visual working memory performance. This effect was more pronounced in individuals with lower visual working memory capacity.
{"title":"Sensory stimulation enhances visual working memory capacity","authors":"Indre Pileckyte, Salvador Soto-Faraco","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00158-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00158-6","url":null,"abstract":"Visual working memory (vWM) plays a crucial role in visual information processing and higher cognitive functions; however, it has a very limited capacity. Recently, several studies have successfully modulated vWM capacity in humans using entrainment with transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS) by targeting parietal theta in a frequency-specific manner. In the current study, we aim to expand upon these findings by utilizing sensory instead of electrical stimulation. Across six behavioral experiments (combined N = 209), we applied rhythmic visual and auditory sensory stimulation at 4 Hz and 7 Hz, aiming to modulate vWM capacity. Collectively, the results showed an overall robust improvement with sensory stimulation at either frequency, compared to baseline. However, contrary to our prediction, 7 Hz stimulation tended to slightly outperform 4 Hz stimulation. Importantly, the observed facilitatory effect was mainly driven by the low-capacity sub-group of participants. Follow-up experiments using the Attention Network Test (ANT) and pupillometry measures did not find evidence that this effect could be directly attributed to modulation of phasic or tonic arousal. We speculate that our results differed from those obtained with tACS due to targeting functionally different theta oscillations, or the modulation of participants’ temporal expectations. Visual or auditory stimulation at 4 Hz and 7 Hz improved visual working memory performance. This effect was more pronounced in individuals with lower visual working memory capacity.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00158-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00157-7
Sascha Frühholz, Pablo Rodriguez, Mathilde Bonard, Florence Steiner, Marine Bobin
Many ancient cultures used musical tools for social and ritual procedures, with the Aztec skull whistle being a unique exemplar from postclassic Mesoamerica. Skull whistles can produce softer hiss-like but also aversive and scream-like sounds that were potentially meaningful either for sacrificial practices, mythological symbolism, or intimidating warfare of the Aztecs. However, solid psychoacoustic evidence for any theory is missing, especially how human listeners cognitively and affectively respond to skull whistle sounds. Using psychoacoustic listening and classification experiments, we show that skull whistle sounds are predominantly perceived as aversive and scary and as having a hybrid natural-artificial origin. Skull whistle sounds attract mental attention by affectively mimicking other aversive and startling sounds produced by nature and technology. They were psychoacoustically classified as a hybrid mix of being voice- and scream-like but also originating from technical mechanisms. Using human neuroimaging, we furthermore found that skull whistle sounds received a specific decoding of the affective significance in the neural auditory system of human listeners, accompanied by higher-order auditory cognition and symbolic evaluations in fronto-insular-parietal brain systems. Skull whistles thus seem unique sound tools with specific psycho-affective effects on listeners, and Aztec communities might have capitalized on the scary and scream-like nature of skull whistles. A series of psychoacoustic and neuroimaging studies reveal the effect that the sound of Aztec skull whistles has on modern listeners; the sound, which is perceived as a mixture of voice-like, scream-like, and technological, triggers affective processing.
{"title":"Psychoacoustic and Archeoacoustic nature of ancient Aztec skull whistles","authors":"Sascha Frühholz, Pablo Rodriguez, Mathilde Bonard, Florence Steiner, Marine Bobin","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00157-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00157-7","url":null,"abstract":"Many ancient cultures used musical tools for social and ritual procedures, with the Aztec skull whistle being a unique exemplar from postclassic Mesoamerica. Skull whistles can produce softer hiss-like but also aversive and scream-like sounds that were potentially meaningful either for sacrificial practices, mythological symbolism, or intimidating warfare of the Aztecs. However, solid psychoacoustic evidence for any theory is missing, especially how human listeners cognitively and affectively respond to skull whistle sounds. Using psychoacoustic listening and classification experiments, we show that skull whistle sounds are predominantly perceived as aversive and scary and as having a hybrid natural-artificial origin. Skull whistle sounds attract mental attention by affectively mimicking other aversive and startling sounds produced by nature and technology. They were psychoacoustically classified as a hybrid mix of being voice- and scream-like but also originating from technical mechanisms. Using human neuroimaging, we furthermore found that skull whistle sounds received a specific decoding of the affective significance in the neural auditory system of human listeners, accompanied by higher-order auditory cognition and symbolic evaluations in fronto-insular-parietal brain systems. Skull whistles thus seem unique sound tools with specific psycho-affective effects on listeners, and Aztec communities might have capitalized on the scary and scream-like nature of skull whistles. A series of psychoacoustic and neuroimaging studies reveal the effect that the sound of Aztec skull whistles has on modern listeners; the sound, which is perceived as a mixture of voice-like, scream-like, and technological, triggers affective processing.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00157-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00144-y
Valentina Vellani, Moshe Glickman, Tali Sharot
Knowledge is distributed over many individuals. Thus, humans are tasked with informing one another for the betterment of all. But as information can alter people’s action, affect and cognition in both positive and negative ways, deciding whether to share information can be a particularly difficult problem. Here, we examine how people integrate potentially conflicting consequences of knowledge, to decide whether to inform others. We show that participants (Exp1: N = 114, Pre-registered replication: N = 102) use their own information-seeking preferences to solve complex information-sharing decisions. In particular, when deciding whether to inform others, participants consider the usefulness of information in directing action, its valence and the receiver’s uncertainty level, and integrate these assessments into a calculation of the value of information that explains information sharing decisions. A cluster analysis revealed that participants were clustered into groups based on the different weights they assign to these three factors. Within individuals, the relative influence of each of these factors was stable across information-seeking and information-sharing decisions. These results suggest that people put themselves in a receiver position to determine whether to inform others and can help predict when people will share information. Individuals consider the usefulness, emotional valence, and prior uncertainty when deciding both when to seek information for themselves and when to share information with others.
知识分布在许多人身上。因此，人类的任务是相互通报信息，以造福全人类。但是，由于信息会以积极或消极的方式改变人们的行动、情感和认知，因此决定是否分享信息可能是一个特别困难的问题。在这里，我们研究了人们如何整合知识可能带来的冲突性后果，以决定是否告知他人。我们发现，参与者（Exp1: N = 114, Pre-registered replication: N = 102）会利用自身的信息搜寻偏好来解决复杂的信息共享决策。特别是，在决定是否告知他人时，参与者会考虑信息对指导行动的有用性、信息的价值和接收者的不确定性水平，并将这些评估整合到信息价值的计算中，从而解释信息共享决策。聚类分析显示，根据参与者对这三个因素所赋予的不同权重，他们被分为不同的组别。在个体内部，每个因素的相对影响力在信息寻求和信息共享决策中都是稳定的。这些结果表明，人们在决定是否告知他人时，会将自己置于接收者的位置，这有助于预测人们何时会分享信息。
{"title":"Three diverse motives for information sharing","authors":"Valentina Vellani, Moshe Glickman, Tali Sharot","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00144-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00144-y","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge is distributed over many individuals. Thus, humans are tasked with informing one another for the betterment of all. But as information can alter people’s action, affect and cognition in both positive and negative ways, deciding whether to share information can be a particularly difficult problem. Here, we examine how people integrate potentially conflicting consequences of knowledge, to decide whether to inform others. We show that participants (Exp1: N = 114, Pre-registered replication: N = 102) use their own information-seeking preferences to solve complex information-sharing decisions. In particular, when deciding whether to inform others, participants consider the usefulness of information in directing action, its valence and the receiver’s uncertainty level, and integrate these assessments into a calculation of the value of information that explains information sharing decisions. A cluster analysis revealed that participants were clustered into groups based on the different weights they assign to these three factors. Within individuals, the relative influence of each of these factors was stable across information-seeking and information-sharing decisions. These results suggest that people put themselves in a receiver position to determine whether to inform others and can help predict when people will share information. Individuals consider the usefulness, emotional valence, and prior uncertainty when deciding both when to seek information for themselves and when to share information with others.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-03DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00155-9
Katy Y. Y. Tam, Michael Inzlicht
In an era where entertainment is effortlessly at our fingertips, one would assume that people are less bored than ever. Yet, reports of boredom are higher now than compared to the past. This rising trend is concerning because chronic boredom can undermine well-being, learning, and behaviour. Understanding why this is happening is crucial to prevent further negative impacts. In this Perspective, we explore one possible reason—digital media use makes people more bored. We propose that digital media increases boredom through dividing attention, elevating desired level of engagement, reducing sense of meaning, heightening opportunity costs, and serving as an ineffective boredom coping strategy. In recent years, there has been an increase in both reports of boredom and greater use of digital media. Digital media may exacerbate boredom via multiple pathways including dividing attention and reducing sense of meaning.
{"title":"People are increasingly bored in our digital age","authors":"Katy Y. Y. Tam, Michael Inzlicht","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00155-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00155-9","url":null,"abstract":"In an era where entertainment is effortlessly at our fingertips, one would assume that people are less bored than ever. Yet, reports of boredom are higher now than compared to the past. This rising trend is concerning because chronic boredom can undermine well-being, learning, and behaviour. Understanding why this is happening is crucial to prevent further negative impacts. In this Perspective, we explore one possible reason—digital media use makes people more bored. We propose that digital media increases boredom through dividing attention, elevating desired level of engagement, reducing sense of meaning, heightening opportunity costs, and serving as an ineffective boredom coping strategy. In recent years, there has been an increase in both reports of boredom and greater use of digital media. Digital media may exacerbate boredom via multiple pathways including dividing attention and reducing sense of meaning.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-03DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00156-8
Andree Hartanto, Lester Sim, Davelle Lee, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Jose C. Yong
The coming decades will see a substantial increase in the population of older adults, accompanied by significant demographic and family structure changes worldwide. As a result, the empty nest period—the postparental phase in parents’ lives when their children have left home and they are no longer engaged in childrearing—is becoming an increasingly common experience in Western and Asian cultures. The current theoretical review examines the psychological consequences of the empty nest period on loneliness and well-being across cultures, emphasizing the impact of cultural factors on these experiences. By synthesizing research from Western and Asian contexts, we explore two primary theoretical mechanisms—role loss and role strain relief—that shape the postparental phase’s psychological outcomes. Our review reveals that while some parents experience reduced well-being due to role loss, others benefit from role strain relief and increased social engagement. We highlight how cultural differences in familial roles, gender roles, social expectations regarding nest-leaving, and social participation patterns moderate these mechanisms. We propose a comprehensive cultural framework, along with a discussion of culturally sensitive interventions to enhance the well-being of empty nesters globally. A review of literature from Asia and Western countries suggests that familial roles, gender roles, and social expectations—which in turn vary by cultural context—affect how parents experience the empty nest period when their children have left home.
{"title":"Cultural contexts differentially shape parents’ loneliness and wellbeing during the empty nest period","authors":"Andree Hartanto, Lester Sim, Davelle Lee, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Jose C. Yong","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00156-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00156-8","url":null,"abstract":"The coming decades will see a substantial increase in the population of older adults, accompanied by significant demographic and family structure changes worldwide. As a result, the empty nest period—the postparental phase in parents’ lives when their children have left home and they are no longer engaged in childrearing—is becoming an increasingly common experience in Western and Asian cultures. The current theoretical review examines the psychological consequences of the empty nest period on loneliness and well-being across cultures, emphasizing the impact of cultural factors on these experiences. By synthesizing research from Western and Asian contexts, we explore two primary theoretical mechanisms—role loss and role strain relief—that shape the postparental phase’s psychological outcomes. Our review reveals that while some parents experience reduced well-being due to role loss, others benefit from role strain relief and increased social engagement. We highlight how cultural differences in familial roles, gender roles, social expectations regarding nest-leaving, and social participation patterns moderate these mechanisms. We propose a comprehensive cultural framework, along with a discussion of culturally sensitive interventions to enhance the well-being of empty nesters globally. A review of literature from Asia and Western countries suggests that familial roles, gender roles, and social expectations—which in turn vary by cultural context—affect how parents experience the empty nest period when their children have left home.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00153-x
Artur Pilacinski, Antoine Vandenberghe, Gabriella Andrietta, Gilles Vannuscorps
Motor planning and motor imagery are assumed to use veridical internal representations of the biomechanical properties of our limbs. Here, we report that people underestimate their hands’ range of motion. We used two tasks probing representations of own motion range, estimation and imagery, in which participants were supposed to judge their rotational hand movement ranges. In both tasks participants’ judgments were underestimated in three out of four cardinal directions. We suggest that this representational bias provides an optimal balance between movement efficiency and safety in face of the inherently stochastic nature of movement execution. Individuals underestimate the range of their own hand movements in three of four cardinal directions. The underestimation bias is larger in the nondominant hand.
{"title":"Humans underestimate the movement range of their own hands","authors":"Artur Pilacinski, Antoine Vandenberghe, Gabriella Andrietta, Gilles Vannuscorps","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00153-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00153-x","url":null,"abstract":"Motor planning and motor imagery are assumed to use veridical internal representations of the biomechanical properties of our limbs. Here, we report that people underestimate their hands’ range of motion. We used two tasks probing representations of own motion range, estimation and imagery, in which participants were supposed to judge their rotational hand movement ranges. In both tasks participants’ judgments were underestimated in three out of four cardinal directions. We suggest that this representational bias provides an optimal balance between movement efficiency and safety in face of the inherently stochastic nature of movement execution. Individuals underestimate the range of their own hand movements in three of four cardinal directions. The underestimation bias is larger in the nondominant hand.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11530695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00151-z
Viviane Valdes, Dashiell D. Sacks, Charles A. Nelson, Michelle Bosquet Enlow
Mental health disorders are associated with decreased quality of life, economic productivity loss, and increased mortality. The association between stressful experiences and psychopathology is well documented. However, studies are needed to understand the impact of timing of stressful events, types of traumatic experiences, and of family resilience on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in early childhood. The present study used a longitudinal design towards this end. Parents (N = 456) completed study measures at infancy, 2 years, 3 years, 5 years, and 7 years. At 3 years, greater stressful events during the prenatal period, 1-2 years, and 2-3 years (B = 0.833–0.369, p = 0.028–0.046) predicted internalizing symptoms for female participants only. For externalizing symptoms at 3 years, every time point assessed was significantly associated with more symptoms across both sexes (B = 1.071–0.414, p < 0.001). At 5 years, both internalizing and externalizing symptoms were associated with a greater number of stressful events at every time point and across sexes (B = 1.372–0.465, p < 0.001–0.002). There was evidence for timing effects, including cumulative effects, sensitive periods, and recency effects. Exposure to interpersonal trauma associated with greater internalizing symptoms (B = 2.120, p = 0.002), whereas both interpersonal (B = 1.879, p = 0.005) and non-interpersonal (B = 1.223, p = 0.032) traumatic experiences were associated with greater externalizing symptoms. Aspects of family resilience including higher levels of family commitment, ability to face challenges, and sense of control reduced risk for internalizing symptoms (B = –0.496, p = 0.004) while only greater sense of control (B = –0.838, p = 0.040) reduced risk for externalizing symptoms at age 7 years, including in the context of trauma. Across the first 7 years of life, greater exposure to stressful events predicted higher internalizing and externalizing symptoms for children. This pattern varied with sex. Higher family resilience in terms of commitment, ability to face challenges, and control provided some protection.
{"title":"Stress timing, trauma exposure, and family resilience differentially affect internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 3, 5, and 7 years of age","authors":"Viviane Valdes, Dashiell D. Sacks, Charles A. Nelson, Michelle Bosquet Enlow","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00151-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00151-z","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health disorders are associated with decreased quality of life, economic productivity loss, and increased mortality. The association between stressful experiences and psychopathology is well documented. However, studies are needed to understand the impact of timing of stressful events, types of traumatic experiences, and of family resilience on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in early childhood. The present study used a longitudinal design towards this end. Parents (N = 456) completed study measures at infancy, 2 years, 3 years, 5 years, and 7 years. At 3 years, greater stressful events during the prenatal period, 1-2 years, and 2-3 years (B = 0.833–0.369, p = 0.028–0.046) predicted internalizing symptoms for female participants only. For externalizing symptoms at 3 years, every time point assessed was significantly associated with more symptoms across both sexes (B = 1.071–0.414, p < 0.001). At 5 years, both internalizing and externalizing symptoms were associated with a greater number of stressful events at every time point and across sexes (B = 1.372–0.465, p < 0.001–0.002). There was evidence for timing effects, including cumulative effects, sensitive periods, and recency effects. Exposure to interpersonal trauma associated with greater internalizing symptoms (B = 2.120, p = 0.002), whereas both interpersonal (B = 1.879, p = 0.005) and non-interpersonal (B = 1.223, p = 0.032) traumatic experiences were associated with greater externalizing symptoms. Aspects of family resilience including higher levels of family commitment, ability to face challenges, and sense of control reduced risk for internalizing symptoms (B = –0.496, p = 0.004) while only greater sense of control (B = –0.838, p = 0.040) reduced risk for externalizing symptoms at age 7 years, including in the context of trauma. Across the first 7 years of life, greater exposure to stressful events predicted higher internalizing and externalizing symptoms for children. This pattern varied with sex. Higher family resilience in terms of commitment, ability to face challenges, and control provided some protection.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00143-z
Felix Creutzig, Lucia A. Reisch
We argue for systematically integrating behavioral sciences and urban planning to develop a joint agenda for research and planning practice. By viewing urban form as a critical choice architecture for making people’s choices more climate-friendly, this approach may unlock new pathways for higher liveability of cities. Behavioral sciences should be systematically integrated with urban planning. Urban form is a critical choice architecture for making people’s choices more climate-friendly, and improve liveability of cities.
{"title":"A joint research agenda for climate action bridges behavioral sciences and urban planning","authors":"Felix Creutzig, Lucia A. Reisch","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00143-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00143-z","url":null,"abstract":"We argue for systematically integrating behavioral sciences and urban planning to develop a joint agenda for research and planning practice. By viewing urban form as a critical choice architecture for making people’s choices more climate-friendly, this approach may unlock new pathways for higher liveability of cities. Behavioral sciences should be systematically integrated with urban planning. Urban form is a critical choice architecture for making people’s choices more climate-friendly, and improve liveability of cities.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00143-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00154-w
Erin Cooley, Jazmin L. Brown-Iannuzzi, Nava Caluori, Nicholas Elacqua, William Cipolli
Economic inequality and alt-right extremism have reached historic highs in the U.S. We propose that high economic inequality may uphold stereotypes that white people are wealthy which may lead some white Americans to feel in the precarious position of falling behind their racial group’s high status. For white Americans who also feel that they are being passed in status by People of Color, such perceptions may make ideologies that aim to benefit white people particularly appealing. Across two studies (Pilot: N = 465; Study 1: N = 1,449), using representative quota sampling of non-Hispanic, white Americans, we combine a measure of subjective status with latent profile analysis to identify white Americans who feel they are in “Last Place” (i.e., falling behind most white, Black, Asian, and Latinx Americans). Controlling for objective status, white Americans in this “Last Place” profile were most likely to support alt-right ideology, politicians, and events. White Americans who feel they are in “last place” – falling behind the perceived status of most white, Black, Asian, and Latinx Americans – express the most support for alt-right ideology and politics.
{"title":"White Americans who perceive themselves to be “last place” in the racial status hierarchy are most drawn to alt-right extremism","authors":"Erin Cooley, Jazmin L. Brown-Iannuzzi, Nava Caluori, Nicholas Elacqua, William Cipolli","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00154-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00154-w","url":null,"abstract":"Economic inequality and alt-right extremism have reached historic highs in the U.S. We propose that high economic inequality may uphold stereotypes that white people are wealthy which may lead some white Americans to feel in the precarious position of falling behind their racial group’s high status. For white Americans who also feel that they are being passed in status by People of Color, such perceptions may make ideologies that aim to benefit white people particularly appealing. Across two studies (Pilot: N = 465; Study 1: N = 1,449), using representative quota sampling of non-Hispanic, white Americans, we combine a measure of subjective status with latent profile analysis to identify white Americans who feel they are in “Last Place” (i.e., falling behind most white, Black, Asian, and Latinx Americans). Controlling for objective status, white Americans in this “Last Place” profile were most likely to support alt-right ideology, politicians, and events. White Americans who feel they are in “last place” – falling behind the perceived status of most white, Black, Asian, and Latinx Americans – express the most support for alt-right ideology and politics.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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