Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105165
Z. Rosenberg, Y. Vayig
We discuss a common misunderstanding made by many authors, regarding their data analysis for blunt rigid projectiles perforating thin metallic plates. The problem with their analysis is that they use the empirical relation of Lambert and Jonas (1976), which was suggested for eroding projectiles penetrating thick plates. Instead, they should use the physics-based model of Recht and Ipson (1963) to account for their data. The paper of Wu et al. (2023) is one of these works, and we use their ballistics results to demonstrate the benefits of the R-I model to account for their data.
{"title":"A comment on “Plasticity, ductile fracture and ballistic impact behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy” by Wu et al. (2023), Int. J. Impact Eng. 174:104493","authors":"Z. Rosenberg, Y. Vayig","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We discuss a common misunderstanding made by many authors, regarding their data analysis for blunt rigid projectiles perforating thin metallic plates. The problem with their analysis is that they use the empirical relation of Lambert and Jonas (1976), which was suggested for eroding projectiles penetrating thick plates. Instead, they should use the physics-based model of Recht and Ipson (1963) to account for their data. The paper of Wu et al. (2023) is one of these works, and we use their ballistics results to demonstrate the benefits of the R-I model to account for their data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105165"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper experimentally investigates the tensile properties of Kevlar29 filaments and fiber bundles, revealing the size and strain rate effects on the mechanical properties of fiber bundles. The fracture modes and mechanisms of the fibers were analyzed, and viscoelastic constitutive models at the fiber bundle scale and constitutive models for filaments-bundles based on the Weibull distribution were established. The results show that Kevlar29 fiber bundles exhibit significant strain rate effects: as the strain rate increases, tensile strength and modulus increase, while fracture strain and toughness decrease. Under quasi-static loading, the fracture modes of the fibers are mainly fibrillation or shear flow, but as the strain rate increases, the failure modes shift towards brittle fracture. Both constitutive models can accurately predict the tensile properties of fiber bundles at different strain rates. The accuracy and applicability of the filament-to-bundle constitutive model were verified through numerical simulations, demonstrating that the model better describes the size effect of fibers and quantifies the damage to the fiber bundles.
{"title":"Tensile properties and constitutive modeling of Kevlar29 fibers: From filaments to bundles","authors":"Xuan Zhou, Wenke Ren, Kaiying Wang, Rui Zhu, Lizhi Xu, Guangfa Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper experimentally investigates the tensile properties of Kevlar29 filaments and fiber bundles, revealing the size and strain rate effects on the mechanical properties of fiber bundles. The fracture modes and mechanisms of the fibers were analyzed, and viscoelastic constitutive models at the fiber bundle scale and constitutive models for filaments-bundles based on the Weibull distribution were established. The results show that Kevlar29 fiber bundles exhibit significant strain rate effects: as the strain rate increases, tensile strength and modulus increase, while fracture strain and toughness decrease. Under quasi-static loading, the fracture modes of the fibers are mainly fibrillation or shear flow, but as the strain rate increases, the failure modes shift towards brittle fracture. Both constitutive models can accurately predict the tensile properties of fiber bundles at different strain rates. The accuracy and applicability of the filament-to-bundle constitutive model were verified through numerical simulations, demonstrating that the model better describes the size effect of fibers and quantifies the damage to the fiber bundles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105164"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105160
Valerio De Biagi , Maddalena Marchelli
A new experimental setup to study the interaction between two brittle bodies which can experience crushing, comminution or fragmentation during impact is herein presented. The system consists of a free falling body and an instrumented impacted plate, onto which an accelerometer is installed, lying on three force ring cells. The recorded acceleration is decomposed into Intrinsic Mode Functions thanks to a Variational Mode Decomposition technique to obtain relevant time-histories associated with specific vibration frequencies. The mass participating to each mode is obtained by comparing the discrete Fourier transforms of force and acceleration. Finally, the adoption of a high-speed camera provides additional insights into the interaction, in particular when non-spherical bodies are considered. The results of a small experimental campaign serving as a benchmark are presented and discussed.
{"title":"An experimental setup to study the collision force between brittle impacting bodies","authors":"Valerio De Biagi , Maddalena Marchelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new experimental setup to study the interaction between two brittle bodies which can experience crushing, comminution or fragmentation during impact is herein presented. The system consists of a free falling body and an instrumented impacted plate, onto which an accelerometer is installed, lying on three force ring cells. The recorded acceleration is decomposed into Intrinsic Mode Functions thanks to a Variational Mode Decomposition technique to obtain relevant time-histories associated with specific vibration frequencies. The mass participating to each mode is obtained by comparing the discrete Fourier transforms of force and acceleration. Finally, the adoption of a high-speed camera provides additional insights into the interaction, in particular when non-spherical bodies are considered. The results of a small experimental campaign serving as a benchmark are presented and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105160"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105154
Christoph Grunwald , Malte von Ramin , Werner Riedel , Alexander Stolz , Stefan Hiermaier
Malicious acts, but likewise unintended accidental explosions, can lead to severe structural damage and resulting debris throw, which poses a significant threat to humans and facilities. Until now, risk analysis is based mainly on empirical data, since the reliable simulation of structural break-up, dissolution and emergence of secondary fragments for real structures is still challenging. In this paper, we investigate the application of a mesoscale description of concrete with finite elements to predict the dispersal of fragments out of dynamically loaded concrete specimens. We demonstrate that the approach delivers accurate predictions for maximum velocity and total debris mass. Further, it is even able to resolve the debris mass distribution with very reasonable quality, a result rarely found in literature up to today. The detailed resolution of the debris field allows furthermore a more thorough determination of the aerodynamic factors governing the subsequent flight phase. We compare the results using different assumptions in terms of flight distances and safety maps.
{"title":"Simulating the break-up, debris formation and throw of concrete structures under explosive loading","authors":"Christoph Grunwald , Malte von Ramin , Werner Riedel , Alexander Stolz , Stefan Hiermaier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malicious acts, but likewise unintended accidental explosions, can lead to severe structural damage and resulting debris throw, which poses a significant threat to humans and facilities. Until now, risk analysis is based mainly on empirical data, since the reliable simulation of structural break-up, dissolution and emergence of secondary fragments for real structures is still challenging. In this paper, we investigate the application of a mesoscale description of concrete with finite elements to predict the dispersal of fragments out of dynamically loaded concrete specimens. We demonstrate that the approach delivers accurate predictions for maximum velocity and total debris mass. Further, it is even able to resolve the debris mass distribution with very reasonable quality, a result rarely found in literature up to today. The detailed resolution of the debris field allows furthermore a more thorough determination of the aerodynamic factors governing the subsequent flight phase. We compare the results using different assumptions in terms of flight distances and safety maps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105154"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105161
Man Wang , Liang Li , Jianjun Ma , Jun Wu , Xiuli Du
Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites (FRCC) have gained significant attention in engineering applications due to their superior mechanical properties and toughness, particularly under high strain rate conditions. This study performed dynamic tensile tests on FRCC at high strain rates (35–110 s⁻¹) using a Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar (SHTB) apparatus. Additionally, a novel Peridynamic (PD) model was developed for the SHTB and FRCC system, leveraging the advanced capabilities of the emerging PD theory. The study compared and analyzed dynamic tensile strength, ultimate tensile strain, strain rate effects, failure modes, and crack development in FRCC with different fiber ratios at various high strain rates, using both experimental data and PD simulations. The results show that the PD-SHTB-FRCC dynamic model developed in this study exhibits high consistency between numerical simulations and experimental findings, effectively capturing the processes of crack initiation, propagation, and complete failure in FRCC specimens. The dynamic tensile properties of FRCC improve significantly with increased strain rates, with polyethylene (PE) fibers providing superior reinforcement compared to steel fibers. Notably, the dynamic tensile strength, peak tensile stress, and ultimate tensile strain of FRCC increase significantly with rising strain rates, with specimens containing higher PE fiber content showing a more pronounced enhancement effect. For strain rates between 42.6 s⁻¹ and 76.1 s⁻¹, considering dynamic tensile strength, ultimate tensile strain, and peak tensile stress, the optimal combination for resisting dynamic tensile loads was 1.5 % PE fibers and 0.5 % steel fibers. At a strain rate of 99.8 s⁻¹, a 2 % PE fiber ratio alone provided the best performance.
{"title":"Dynamic tensile behaviors and crack propagation in fiber-reinforced cementitious composites: Experimental investigation and peridynamic simulation","authors":"Man Wang , Liang Li , Jianjun Ma , Jun Wu , Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites (FRCC) have gained significant attention in engineering applications due to their superior mechanical properties and toughness, particularly under high strain rate conditions. This study performed dynamic tensile tests on FRCC at high strain rates (35–110 s⁻¹) using a Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar (SHTB) apparatus. Additionally, a novel Peridynamic (PD) model was developed for the SHTB and FRCC system, leveraging the advanced capabilities of the emerging PD theory. The study compared and analyzed dynamic tensile strength, ultimate tensile strain, strain rate effects, failure modes, and crack development in FRCC with different fiber ratios at various high strain rates, using both experimental data and PD simulations. The results show that the PD-SHTB-FRCC dynamic model developed in this study exhibits high consistency between numerical simulations and experimental findings, effectively capturing the processes of crack initiation, propagation, and complete failure in FRCC specimens. The dynamic tensile properties of FRCC improve significantly with increased strain rates, with polyethylene (PE) fibers providing superior reinforcement compared to steel fibers. Notably, the dynamic tensile strength, peak tensile stress, and ultimate tensile strain of FRCC increase significantly with rising strain rates, with specimens containing higher PE fiber content showing a more pronounced enhancement effect. For strain rates between 42.6 s⁻¹ and 76.1 s⁻¹, considering dynamic tensile strength, ultimate tensile strain, and peak tensile stress, the optimal combination for resisting dynamic tensile loads was 1.5 % PE fibers and 0.5 % steel fibers. At a strain rate of 99.8 s⁻¹, a 2 % PE fiber ratio alone provided the best performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105161"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105153
Junjie Wen , Yiming Zhang , Xiufeng Yang , Yang Cai , Sen Chen , Xiao Hou , Yi Wu
The response of solid rocket motors (SRMs) to high-speed fragment impacts is crucial for their safety design and operational use in scenarios such as rocket launches and space applications. The visualized Burn to Violent Reaction (BVR) test is used to observe intense reactions induced by high-speed projectile impacts. Employing a two-stage light gas gun and optical diagnostic techniques including high-speed schlieren imaging and direct photography, the impact-induced deflagration/explosion behavior, and reaction growth behavior were investigated. The damage mechanisms of the casing and propellant samples were assessed, and the reaction growth and afterburn effects of the impact-induced fragment cloud were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate that the ignition delay time is inversely correlated with the impact velocity, decreasing from ms to μs scale. Across a wide range of velocities (1050–2058 m/s), higher projectile velocities induce more sustained and vigorous combustion reactions within the propellant. Furthermore, increasing the propellant air gap to 7.8 cm does not trigger further reactions under the studied configurations. The reaction mechanisms are closely linked to the characteristics of the fragment cloud induced by the impact. The developed Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, incorporating material constitutive models, ignition criteria, and reaction growth models, was used to study the influence of projectile velocity on the reaction mechanisms. The simulation results were compared with experimental data, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy.
{"title":"Investigations of high-speed projectile impact on symmetric sandwich structures containing solid propellant with core perforations","authors":"Junjie Wen , Yiming Zhang , Xiufeng Yang , Yang Cai , Sen Chen , Xiao Hou , Yi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The response of solid rocket motors (SRMs) to high-speed fragment impacts is crucial for their safety design and operational use in scenarios such as rocket launches and space applications. The visualized Burn to Violent Reaction (BVR) test is used to observe intense reactions induced by high-speed projectile impacts. Employing a two-stage light gas gun and optical diagnostic techniques including high-speed schlieren imaging and direct photography, the impact-induced deflagration/explosion behavior, and reaction growth behavior were investigated. The damage mechanisms of the casing and propellant samples were assessed, and the reaction growth and afterburn effects of the impact-induced fragment cloud were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate that the ignition delay time is inversely correlated with the impact velocity, decreasing from ms to μs scale. Across a wide range of velocities (1050–2058 m/s), higher projectile velocities induce more sustained and vigorous combustion reactions within the propellant. Furthermore, increasing the propellant air gap to 7.8 cm does not trigger further reactions under the studied configurations. The reaction mechanisms are closely linked to the characteristics of the fragment cloud induced by the impact. The developed Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, incorporating material constitutive models, ignition criteria, and reaction growth models, was used to study the influence of projectile velocity on the reaction mechanisms. The simulation results were compared with experimental data, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105153"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105156
Jacopo Lavazza , Qicheng Zhang , Charles de Kergariou , Gianni Comandini , Fernando Alvarez-Borges , Orestis L. Katsamenis , Wuge H. Briscoe , Jemma L. Rowlandson , Tulio Hallak Panzera , Fabrizio Scarpa
Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are widely used in impact protection applications due to their tunable mechanical properties. Recently, RPUFs derived from bio-based sources such as castor oil have been investigated as a greener and more sustainable alternative to replace fossil-based polyurethane foams. It is thus important to understand the mechanical response of these materials to low-velocity impact (LVI), which still needs to be explored. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating the performance of three types of RPUFs developed from commercially available castor oil-based resins. Drop weight impact tests at different impact energies were performed to investigate the LVI characteristics of the foams. Furthermore, an extensive micro-computed tomography investigation was carried out to improve the understanding of the microstructure of RPUFs and how the composition of these porous materials affected the foam architecture and the macroscopic mechanical response. Finally, a constitutive relationship is proposed to describe and predict the materials’ response at different impact energies.
{"title":"Low-velocity impact of castor oil-based rigid polyurethane foams: Experiments, microstructure effects and constitutive modelling","authors":"Jacopo Lavazza , Qicheng Zhang , Charles de Kergariou , Gianni Comandini , Fernando Alvarez-Borges , Orestis L. Katsamenis , Wuge H. Briscoe , Jemma L. Rowlandson , Tulio Hallak Panzera , Fabrizio Scarpa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are widely used in impact protection applications due to their tunable mechanical properties. Recently, RPUFs derived from bio-based sources such as castor oil have been investigated as a greener and more sustainable alternative to replace fossil-based polyurethane foams. It is thus important to understand the mechanical response of these materials to low-velocity impact (LVI), which still needs to be explored. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating the performance of three types of RPUFs developed from commercially available castor oil-based resins. Drop weight impact tests at different impact energies were performed to investigate the LVI characteristics of the foams. Furthermore, an extensive micro-computed tomography investigation was carried out to improve the understanding of the microstructure of RPUFs and how the composition of these porous materials affected the foam architecture and the macroscopic mechanical response. Finally, a constitutive relationship is proposed to describe and predict the materials’ response at different impact energies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105156"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105159
Weiting Gao , Zheming Zhu , Meng Wang , Lei Zhou , Li Ren , Yuntao Wang
Hole defects can lead to non-uniform strain distribution under the impact load, thereby influencing crack propagation behavior. In this paper, 2D-DIC technology was employed to examine the effects of holes of varying sizes and loading rates on crack dynamics in PMMA materials, aiming to elucidate detailed knowledge into the characteristics of crack propagation under complex strain fields. Through DIC analyses, the dynamic evolution of strain fields around the crack tip and hole periphery could be precisely captured, enabling tracking of crack propagation behavior including crack propagation velocity, crack propagation path, and crack deflection angle. It is concluded that the non-uniform strain zones generated by holes exert both inhibitory and attracting effects on crack growth. The influence of non-uniform strain zones on crack propagation increases with the elevation of loading rate and hole size. However, as the loading rate increases, the kinetic energy of the crack itself also increases, necessitating sufficiently large hole sizes to effectively influence crack propagation. Overall, this study provides a detailed experimental explanation of the effects of holes on cracks, which will aid engineers in maximizing the positive impact of holes on material performance and their application in the design of microstructure materials.
{"title":"Investigation of the influence of non-uniform strain zone on the crack propagation of PMMA material based on 2D-DIC","authors":"Weiting Gao , Zheming Zhu , Meng Wang , Lei Zhou , Li Ren , Yuntao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hole defects can lead to non-uniform strain distribution under the impact load, thereby influencing crack propagation behavior. In this paper, 2D-DIC technology was employed to examine the effects of holes of varying sizes and loading rates on crack dynamics in PMMA materials, aiming to elucidate detailed knowledge into the characteristics of crack propagation under complex strain fields. Through DIC analyses, the dynamic evolution of strain fields around the crack tip and hole periphery could be precisely captured, enabling tracking of crack propagation behavior including crack propagation velocity, crack propagation path, and crack deflection angle. It is concluded that the non-uniform strain zones generated by holes exert both inhibitory and attracting effects on crack growth. The influence of non-uniform strain zones on crack propagation increases with the elevation of loading rate and hole size. However, as the loading rate increases, the kinetic energy of the crack itself also increases, necessitating sufficiently large hole sizes to effectively influence crack propagation. Overall, this study provides a detailed experimental explanation of the effects of holes on cracks, which will aid engineers in maximizing the positive impact of holes on material performance and their application in the design of microstructure materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105159"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105151
Qibo Zhang , Ye Yuan
In the present study, the ballistic perforation resistance of steel/titanium/aluminum (STA) multilayer protective systems impacted by spherical, ogival, conical, and blunt projectiles was investigated experimentally, numerically, and analytically. The targets were manufactured via explosive welding technique to achieve a strong interfacial strength. The projectile nose shape was found to significantly affect the failure modes and ballistic limit velocities of the STA composite plate. Detailed three-dimensional finite element simulations were performed to provide insights into the penetration process and energy absorption characteristics of the STA composite plate. An analytical model was developed to predict the entry and exit penetration phases of a rigid projectile of different nose shapes into the STA target through ductile hole expansion. The model simplified the STA composite plate to be an equivalent monolithic based on the weighting of material resistance and specific cavitation energy in each layer. The analytical and numerical predictions of the residual velocity were in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The predicted evolution of projectile velocity with penetration depth was found to be in satisfactory correlation with those from the numerical simulation. The proposed analytical model shall be useful for designers of multilayer metallic protective structures against fragments from improvised explosive devices.
本研究通过实验、数值和分析方法研究了钢/钛/铝（STA）多层防护系统在受到球形、椭圆形、锥形和钝形弹丸冲击时的抗弹道穿孔能力。目标是通过爆炸焊接技术制造的，以获得较强的界面强度。研究发现，弹头形状对 STA 复合材料板的失效模式和弹道极限速度有显著影响。研究人员进行了详细的三维有限元模拟，以深入了解 STA 复合板的穿透过程和能量吸收特性。建立了一个分析模型，用于预测不同弹头形状的刚性弹丸通过韧性孔扩展进入 STA 靶件的进入和退出穿透阶段。该模型根据各层材料阻力和比空化能的权重，将 STA 复合板简化为等效整体。残余速度的分析和数值预测与实验数据非常吻合。射弹速度随穿透深度的变化预测结果与数值模拟结果的相关性令人满意。所提出的分析模型对设计多层金属防护结构以防止简易爆炸装置碎片的产生很有帮助。
{"title":"Effect of projectile nose shape on ballistic resistance of multi-layered explosively welded plates","authors":"Qibo Zhang , Ye Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, the ballistic perforation resistance of steel/titanium/aluminum (STA) multilayer protective systems impacted by spherical, ogival, conical, and blunt projectiles was investigated experimentally, numerically, and analytically. The targets were manufactured via explosive welding technique to achieve a strong interfacial strength. The projectile nose shape was found to significantly affect the failure modes and ballistic limit velocities of the STA composite plate. Detailed three-dimensional finite element simulations were performed to provide insights into the penetration process and energy absorption characteristics of the STA composite plate. An analytical model was developed to predict the entry and exit penetration phases of a rigid projectile of different nose shapes into the STA target through ductile hole expansion. The model simplified the STA composite plate to be an equivalent monolithic based on the weighting of material resistance and specific cavitation energy in each layer. The analytical and numerical predictions of the residual velocity were in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The predicted evolution of projectile velocity with penetration depth was found to be in satisfactory correlation with those from the numerical simulation. The proposed analytical model shall be useful for designers of multilayer metallic protective structures against fragments from improvised explosive devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105157
Zihao Li , Tianhui Zhang , Bo Tang , Zhifang Liu , Zhihua Wang , Shiqiang Li
Experimental, theoretical and numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the dynamic response and blast resistance for the cylindrical sandwich shells with toroidal tubular cores under internal blast loading. The typical deformation modes of internal/external shells and toroidal tubular core layers were observed through experiments. A theoretical model considering the circumferential plastic membrane forces and the axial moment components was performed to predict the blast response of sandwich shells. The mid-points deflections and velocities of internal/external shells obtained by theoretical predictions are consistent with the experimental and numerical results. Influences of wall thicknesses of internal/external shells and the axial/radial gradient of toroidal tubular cores on the blast resistance of single and triple layers sandwich shells were investigated by numerical simulations. The results show that the negative gradient structures have the smallest normalized deflection, while the hybrid gradient structures have the highest energy absorption. On this basis, multi-objective optimization of the sandwich shells was carried out by combining the response surface method (RSM) and the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The optimization results yielded a trade-off between deformation, energy absorption and structural mass, and demonstrated the advantages of the “Pareto front” in these design cases.
{"title":"Blast response and optimization of cylindrical sandwich shells with toroidal tubular cores","authors":"Zihao Li , Tianhui Zhang , Bo Tang , Zhifang Liu , Zhihua Wang , Shiqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental, theoretical and numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the dynamic response and blast resistance for the cylindrical sandwich shells with toroidal tubular cores under internal blast loading. The typical deformation modes of internal/external shells and toroidal tubular core layers were observed through experiments. A theoretical model considering the circumferential plastic membrane forces and the axial moment components was performed to predict the blast response of sandwich shells. The mid-points deflections and velocities of internal/external shells obtained by theoretical predictions are consistent with the experimental and numerical results. Influences of wall thicknesses of internal/external shells and the axial/radial gradient of toroidal tubular cores on the blast resistance of single and triple layers sandwich shells were investigated by numerical simulations. The results show that the negative gradient structures have the smallest normalized deflection, while the hybrid gradient structures have the highest energy absorption. On this basis, multi-objective optimization of the sandwich shells was carried out by combining the response surface method (RSM) and the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The optimization results yielded a trade-off between deformation, energy absorption and structural mass, and demonstrated the advantages of the “Pareto front” in these design cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105157"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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