Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00032-8
Baohua Wang, Yuchen Sun, Jiacheng Zhang, Weilong Wang
A vehicle system motion decoupling control method was proposed to address challenges in controlling articulated heavy vehicles (AHVs). The method, based on differential geometry theory, focused on distributed electric drive AHVs. Its objective was to separate the highly nonlinear and strongly coupled dynamics system into two relatively independent subsystems: longitudinal and lateral motions. Additionally, a robust controller was designed to improve the vehicle’s resistance to external disturbances like side winds. Simulation tests using a TruckSim model of a distributed electric drive AHV show significant improvements compared to vehicles without decoupling control. The rearward amplification (RA) is reduced by 4.5%, the longitudinal velocity deviation by 67.5%, and the yaw rate deviation by 69.7%. The vehicle also demonstrates enhanced stability when subjected to strong breeze disturbances. To validate the control performance in real-time systems, the hardware-in-the-loop tests were conducted, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed control approach in practical applications.
{"title":"A Motion Decoupling Control Based on Differential Geometry for Distributed Drive Articulated Heavy Vehicle","authors":"Baohua Wang, Yuchen Sun, Jiacheng Zhang, Weilong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00032-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00032-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A vehicle system motion decoupling control method was proposed to address challenges in controlling articulated heavy vehicles (AHVs). The method, based on differential geometry theory, focused on distributed electric drive AHVs. Its objective was to separate the highly nonlinear and strongly coupled dynamics system into two relatively independent subsystems: longitudinal and lateral motions. Additionally, a robust controller was designed to improve the vehicle’s resistance to external disturbances like side winds. Simulation tests using a TruckSim model of a distributed electric drive AHV show significant improvements compared to vehicles without decoupling control. The rearward amplification (RA) is reduced by 4.5%, the longitudinal velocity deviation by 67.5%, and the yaw rate deviation by 69.7%. The vehicle also demonstrates enhanced stability when subjected to strong breeze disturbances. To validate the control performance in real-time systems, the hardware-in-the-loop tests were conducted, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed control approach in practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139947818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00023-9
Abstract
One of the popular development trends in diesel engine piston assembly is higher reliability and life of components. These can be ensured by actual engine testing and comparing the appearance of piston assembly. However, testing multiple iterations involves significant cost and development which can be avoided by using software for piston-assembly performance parameters simulation. This paper contains a detailed study conducted using commercially available piston secondary dynamics simulation software and actual testing on a 4-cylinder diesel engine. In this study, the effect of piston profile and clearance on piston secondary dynamics parameters and piston-liner appearance are studied. In this study, three piston skirt profiles are designed by varying piston axial profile (barrel shape), radial profile (oval shape), and nominal clearances. The simulation results are studied in which piston profile 2 has shown minimum piston tilting, radial displacement, radial velocity, tilting velocity, radial acceleration, tilting acceleration, pressure, and force at TS and ATS. Testing and component merit rating for liner bores and piston skirts were also conducted in which piston profile 2 has shown significantly less liner bore polishing. A good correlation was observed between piston secondary motion parameters obtained from simulation and piston and liner bore observations after testing.
{"title":"Effect of Piston Profile on Piston Motion and Liner Bore Polishing","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00023-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00023-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>One of the popular development trends in diesel engine piston assembly is higher reliability and life of components. These can be ensured by actual engine testing and comparing the appearance of piston assembly. However, testing multiple iterations involves significant cost and development which can be avoided by using software for piston-assembly performance parameters simulation. This paper contains a detailed study conducted using commercially available piston secondary dynamics simulation software and actual testing on a 4-cylinder diesel engine. In this study, the effect of piston profile and clearance on piston secondary dynamics parameters and piston-liner appearance are studied. In this study, three piston skirt profiles are designed by varying piston axial profile (barrel shape), radial profile (oval shape), and nominal clearances. The simulation results are studied in which piston profile 2 has shown minimum piston tilting, radial displacement, radial velocity, tilting velocity, radial acceleration, tilting acceleration, pressure, and force at TS and ATS. Testing and component merit rating for liner bores and piston skirts were also conducted in which piston profile 2 has shown significantly less liner bore polishing. A good correlation was observed between piston secondary motion parameters obtained from simulation and piston and liner bore observations after testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139947748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00035-5
Kwonhee Suh, Jinkyu Moon
The purpose of this study is to extend the mileage by improving the efficiency of the electric vehicle (EV) driving and thermal management system (TMS). The powertrain system and the TMS must be considered simultaneously from the architecture stage as complementary systems to maintain the driving performance of the EV. This paper proposes an EV architectural design method and a multi-physical EV modeling technique. The main components of the EV are standardized differently from those of the internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle, and the TMS is designed by thermal system configuration. Therefore, instead of the traditional continuous variable-based design methodology, optimal combination design based on the component database (DB) and the configuration plot presents the combinational design method. The performance of an EV varies depending on the performance of driving components and TMS, and weather. This paper presents a Modelica-based vehicle modeling technique to integrate multiple physical phenomena. Finally, we implemented an automated design using the optimal combination design method and the multi-physical integrated vehicle model design framework. The design of the C-segment EV was carried out to review the validity of the proposed method. 2880 laboratories were planned and designed using design variables with 10 levels of mixing. As a result of the design, we have confirmed that the mileage increases by 5% compared to the previous one in NEDC mode.
{"title":"Electric Vehicle Architecture Design Based on Database","authors":"Kwonhee Suh, Jinkyu Moon","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00035-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00035-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this study is to extend the mileage by improving the efficiency of the electric vehicle (EV) driving and thermal management system (TMS). The powertrain system and the TMS must be considered simultaneously from the architecture stage as complementary systems to maintain the driving performance of the EV. This paper proposes an EV architectural design method and a multi-physical EV modeling technique. The main components of the EV are standardized differently from those of the internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle, and the TMS is designed by thermal system configuration. Therefore, instead of the traditional continuous variable-based design methodology, optimal combination design based on the component database (DB) and the configuration plot presents the combinational design method. The performance of an EV varies depending on the performance of driving components and TMS, and weather. This paper presents a Modelica-based vehicle modeling technique to integrate multiple physical phenomena. Finally, we implemented an automated design using the optimal combination design method and the multi-physical integrated vehicle model design framework. The design of the C-segment EV was carried out to review the validity of the proposed method. 2880 laboratories were planned and designed using design variables with 10 levels of mixing. As a result of the design, we have confirmed that the mileage increases by 5% compared to the previous one in NEDC mode.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00027-5
Weikang Yang, Dagang Li, Wei Xu, Zhide Zhang
To improve the robustness and effectiveness for detecting free parking spaces, we propose a LiDAR-based parking sensing system, which contains multi-modules, i.e., perception, free space parking lots’ construction, parking space tracking and obstacle detection. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our LiDAR-based parking sensing system can not only predict free parking spaces at a long distance, but also can achieve superior performance in terms of recall rate and accuracy of detected parking spaces. Moreover, our proposed LiDAR-based parking sensing system can achieve a significant gain over the ultrasonic-based one. Therefore, our proposed system can act an effective solution for detecting free parking slots at a long distance in the field of autonomous driving.
{"title":"A LiDAR-Based Parking Slots Detection System","authors":"Weikang Yang, Dagang Li, Wei Xu, Zhide Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00027-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00027-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To improve the robustness and effectiveness for detecting free parking spaces, we propose a LiDAR-based parking sensing system, which contains multi-modules, i.e., perception, free space parking lots’ construction, parking space tracking and obstacle detection. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our LiDAR-based parking sensing system can not only predict free parking spaces at a long distance, but also can achieve superior performance in terms of recall rate and accuracy of detected parking spaces. Moreover, our proposed LiDAR-based parking sensing system can achieve a significant gain over the ultrasonic-based one. Therefore, our proposed system can act an effective solution for detecting free parking slots at a long distance in the field of autonomous driving.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00046-2
Abstract
This paper presents a new method for the layered equivalent modeling of slot winding in the stator of a flat wire motor to accurately study the thermal performance under steady-state conditions. The conventional equivalent model for flat wire winding involves treating the slot winding as a single copper rod for temperature analysis. This method is not applicable to flat wire motors under high-power density operating conditions. As the power density of the motor increases, the flat wire winding is more affected by skin effect and proximity effect, resulting in a sharp increase in AC loss and uneven distribution of losses in the slot winding. The conductor losses are highest near the slot opening, a characteristic that conventional model is unable to reflect. The proposed layered modeling method fully takes into account the characteristics of flat wire winding. This method involves adding interlayer insulation to divide the overall modeled conductor into layers and fully considers the thermal parameters, heat transfer characteristics, and distribution of materials within the slot to establish a new equivalent model for flat wire winding. Finally, the comparison of the results with the actual model and experimental tests demonstrates that this method effectively improves the calculation accuracy by 2.2% of the flat wire winding equivalent model.
{"title":"Accurate Equivalent Modeling and Thermal Analtsis of Stator Slot of Flat Wire Motor","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00046-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00046-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This paper presents a new method for the layered equivalent modeling of slot winding in the stator of a flat wire motor to accurately study the thermal performance under steady-state conditions. The conventional equivalent model for flat wire winding involves treating the slot winding as a single copper rod for temperature analysis. This method is not applicable to flat wire motors under high-power density operating conditions. As the power density of the motor increases, the flat wire winding is more affected by skin effect and proximity effect, resulting in a sharp increase in AC loss and uneven distribution of losses in the slot winding. The conductor losses are highest near the slot opening, a characteristic that conventional model is unable to reflect. The proposed layered modeling method fully takes into account the characteristics of flat wire winding. This method involves adding interlayer insulation to divide the overall modeled conductor into layers and fully considers the thermal parameters, heat transfer characteristics, and distribution of materials within the slot to establish a new equivalent model for flat wire winding. Finally, the comparison of the results with the actual model and experimental tests demonstrates that this method effectively improves the calculation accuracy by 2.2% of the flat wire winding equivalent model.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00022-w
Jin Hee Lee
The application of ‘Target Cascading’ in the product development process is well known to be effective in various industry fields, and it is a methodology that is already actively applied in various forms in the field of vehicle Ride & Handling (R&H) performance development. This paper proposes a model-based vehicle performance benchmarking methodology and a technology for setting system characteristics to achieve handling performance objectives as a means of utilization for this. Rather than introducing already well-known target deployment techniques, a process is proposed for practical use in the vehicle development phase through the development of interfaces between low degrees of freedom vehicle model and optimization software. The methodology presented in this study is expected to be available in a timely manner as a practical vehicle performance development tool.
{"title":"Development of System Characteristic Optimization Method to Achieve Vehicle Target Performance","authors":"Jin Hee Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00022-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00022-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The application of ‘Target Cascading’ in the product development process is well known to be effective in various industry fields, and it is a methodology that is already actively applied in various forms in the field of vehicle Ride & Handling (R&H) performance development. This paper proposes a model-based vehicle performance benchmarking methodology and a technology for setting system characteristics to achieve handling performance objectives as a means of utilization for this. Rather than introducing already well-known target deployment techniques, a process is proposed for practical use in the vehicle development phase through the development of interfaces between low degrees of freedom vehicle model and optimization software. The methodology presented in this study is expected to be available in a timely manner as a practical vehicle performance development tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"955 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00038-2
He Liu, Yahui Liu, Jingyuan Li, Xuewu Ji
This paper compares various angle-tracking algorithms to balance the performance and noise for a steering-by-wire (SBW) system. Direct and quiet steering experiences can improve drivers’ acceptance of the SBW system. Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control, robust control, and conventional cascade proportional–integral (PI) control have been developed and compared both theoretically and experimentally. To avoid the risky and time-consuming parameter-tuning process, a high-fidelity steering resistance model, which comprises a linear two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model and a dynamic LuGre friction model is established. Step and sine wave tests are simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment to determine the reasonable parameter region for various methods. Then, the three types of algorithms are implemented on a prototype SBW vehicle and compared under the same scenarios. Finally, the simulated and experimental results are illustrated in detail. According to the indicators of control bandwidths, steady-state errors, cockpit sounds, and current waveforms, it is clear that LQR and robust control can achieve faster response and more acceptable noise, with uncertain and relatively larger tracking errors. Cascade PI control, in comparison, can realize smaller steady-state errors and gentler current waveforms, with slight noise and slower response.
{"title":"Comparison of Various Angle-Tracking Algorithms to Balance Performance and Noise for a Steering-by-Wire System","authors":"He Liu, Yahui Liu, Jingyuan Li, Xuewu Ji","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00038-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00038-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper compares various angle-tracking algorithms to balance the performance and noise for a steering-by-wire (SBW) system. Direct and quiet steering experiences can improve drivers’ acceptance of the SBW system. Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control, robust control, and conventional cascade proportional–integral (PI) control have been developed and compared both theoretically and experimentally. To avoid the risky and time-consuming parameter-tuning process, a high-fidelity steering resistance model, which comprises a linear two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model and a dynamic LuGre friction model is established. Step and sine wave tests are simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment to determine the reasonable parameter region for various methods. Then, the three types of algorithms are implemented on a prototype SBW vehicle and compared under the same scenarios. Finally, the simulated and experimental results are illustrated in detail. According to the indicators of control bandwidths, steady-state errors, cockpit sounds, and current waveforms, it is clear that LQR and robust control can achieve faster response and more acceptable noise, with uncertain and relatively larger tracking errors. Cascade PI control, in comparison, can realize smaller steady-state errors and gentler current waveforms, with slight noise and slower response.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00005-x
Jeongwoo Lee, Sanghyun Chu, Jaegu Kang, Kyoungdoug Min
In general, a leaner mixture condition improves combustion efficiency in compression ignition (CI) combustion using diesel. However, in the case of leaner air–fuel mixture conditions, it disturbs flame propagation in spark ignition combustion using gasoline, i.e., low reactivity fuel, causing a decrease in combustion efficiency. Since dual-fuel combustion in a CI engine typically involves the use of high- and low-reactivity fuels together, the differing reactivity conditions in the cylinder become as important as the local equivalence ratio in the cylinder. Thus, there is a need to verify the effect of a leaner mixture condition on combustion efficiency in dual-fuel CI combustion. For this reason, this study experimentally evaluates the effects of varying equivalence ratios on the combustion efficiency of gasoline/diesel dual-fueled CI combustion in a 0.4-L single-cylinder engine under low-speed (1500 rpm) and low-load (total LHV 570 J/str) conditions. To vary the equivalence ratios, intake pressures and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates were, respectively, changed under the part-load condition. The results emphasize that as the equivalence ratio becomes leaner by increasing the intake pressure, combustion efficiency worsens due to the low reactivity properties and certain flame propagation modes of gasoline combustion. On the contrary, increasing the EGR rate did not significantly influence combustion efficiency, but it effectively helped reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Based on these results, it is concluded that optimizing dual-fuel CI combustion to suppress NOx emissions is better achieved using EGR, rather than creating a leaner mixture condition.
一般来说,在使用柴油进行压燃(CI)燃烧时,较稀的混合气条件可提高燃烧效率。然而,在使用汽油(即低反应性燃料)进行火花点火燃烧时,较稀薄的空气-燃料混合气条件会干扰火焰的传播,从而导致燃烧效率降低。由于 CI 发动机中的双燃料燃烧通常需要同时使用高活性和低活性燃料,因此气缸中不同的活性条件与气缸中的局部等效比同样重要。因此,有必要验证较稀混合气条件对双燃料 CI 燃烧效率的影响。因此,本研究通过实验评估了在低速(1500 rpm)和低负荷(总 LHV 570 J/str)条件下,不同等效比对 0.4 升单缸发动机中汽油/柴油双燃料 CI 燃烧效率的影响。为了改变等效比,在部分负荷条件下分别改变了进气压力和废气再循环(EGR)率。结果表明,由于汽油燃烧的低反应特性和特定的火焰传播模式,当通过增加进气压力使等效比变得更低时,燃烧效率会降低。相反,提高 EGR 率对燃烧效率的影响不大,但却能有效减少氮氧化物(NOx)的排放。基于这些结果,可以得出结论:优化双燃料 CI 燃烧以抑制氮氧化物排放的最佳方法是使用 EGR,而不是创建更稀薄的混合气条件。
{"title":"Effects of Varying Equivalence Ratios on the Combustion Efficiency Characteristic of a Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Engine by Changing Intake Pressures and Exhaust Gas Recirculation Rates","authors":"Jeongwoo Lee, Sanghyun Chu, Jaegu Kang, Kyoungdoug Min","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00005-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00005-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In general, a leaner mixture condition improves combustion efficiency in compression ignition (CI) combustion using diesel. However, in the case of leaner air–fuel mixture conditions, it disturbs flame propagation in spark ignition combustion using gasoline, i.e., low reactivity fuel, causing a decrease in combustion efficiency. Since dual-fuel combustion in a CI engine typically involves the use of high- and low-reactivity fuels together, the differing reactivity conditions in the cylinder become as important as the local equivalence ratio in the cylinder. Thus, there is a need to verify the effect of a leaner mixture condition on combustion efficiency in dual-fuel CI combustion. For this reason, this study experimentally evaluates the effects of varying equivalence ratios on the combustion efficiency of gasoline/diesel dual-fueled CI combustion in a 0.4-L single-cylinder engine under low-speed (1500 rpm) and low-load (total LHV 570 J/str) conditions. To vary the equivalence ratios, intake pressures and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates were, respectively, changed under the part-load condition. The results emphasize that as the equivalence ratio becomes leaner by increasing the intake pressure, combustion efficiency worsens due to the low reactivity properties and certain flame propagation modes of gasoline combustion. On the contrary, increasing the EGR rate did not significantly influence combustion efficiency, but it effectively helped reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Based on these results, it is concluded that optimizing dual-fuel CI combustion to suppress NOx emissions is better achieved using EGR, rather than creating a leaner mixture condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00006-w
Choong-kil Seo
The purpose of this study is to simultaneously reduce NOX and CO harmful gases according to the promoters and support types of the H2-SCR. The 0.5Pt-2CeO2-5Ru/TiO2 catalyst loaded with 7 wt% Ru showed a lower NOX conversion rate compared to than the 0.5Pt-2CeO2/TiO2 (STD), but the window shifted to the right, and it showed NOX reduction performance of up to 30% at 175 °C. When Zr was loaded, de- NOX performance was not improved at the temperature of 200 °C starting from a low catalyst temperature of 75 °C. With in the influence of the support types, the 0.5Pt-2CeO2/TiO2 H2-SCR catalyst showed the highest NOX conversion rate below 125 °C, and the low-temperature activity of NOX was higher than that of the three zeolite-loaded H2-SCR catalysts. Low temperature activity was improved because the TiO2 has excellent reducing and oxidizing ability. Among the three zeolites, the CO reduction performance of the 0.5Pt-2CeO2/Zeolite (1) catalyst with high Al content was the lowest.
{"title":"Simultaneous Reduction of NOX and CO Harmful Gases According to the Promoters and Support Types of H2-SCR Catalyst","authors":"Choong-kil Seo","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00006-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00006-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this study is to simultaneously reduce NO<sub>X</sub> and CO harmful gases according to the promoters and support types of the H<sub>2</sub>-SCR. The 0.5Pt-2CeO<sub>2</sub>-5Ru/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst loaded with 7 wt% Ru showed a lower NO<sub>X</sub> conversion rate compared to than the 0.5Pt-2CeO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> (STD), but the window shifted to the right, and it showed NO<sub>X</sub> reduction performance of up to 30% at 175 °C. When Zr was loaded, de- NO<sub>X</sub> performance was not improved at the temperature of 200 °C starting from a low catalyst temperature of 75 °C. With in the influence of the support types, the 0.5Pt-2CeO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> H<sub>2</sub>-SCR catalyst showed the highest NO<sub>X</sub> conversion rate below 125 °C, and the low-temperature activity of NO<sub>X</sub> was higher than that of the three zeolite-loaded H<sub>2</sub>-SCR catalysts. Low temperature activity was improved because the TiO<sub>2</sub> has excellent reducing and oxidizing ability. Among the three zeolites, the CO reduction performance of the 0.5Pt-2CeO<sub>2</sub>/Zeolite (1) catalyst with high Al content was the lowest.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the longitudinal driving of a heterogeneous platoon, external disturbances of local vehicles can cause safety problems of the intended functionality. Therefore, a cooperative control method based on situation assessment is proposed. First, the minimum safe distance is determined according to the state of adjacent vehicles. A novel situation assessment model is established to characterize the stability of the platoon. Vehicle spacing, speed, and acceleration are selected as evaluation indicators. Then, an improved active disturbance rejection controller (IADRC) is designed to improve platoon stability through feedback compensation control. In addition, considering the unnecessary continuous involvement of the IADRC, its intervention time is determined by the situation assessment results. Finally, simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments are carried out under two communication topologies. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the stability and safety of the platoon.
{"title":"Local Disturbance Cooperative Control of Heterogeneous Vehicle Platoon Based on Situation Assessment","authors":"Ting Fang, Qidong Wang, Linfeng Zhao, Wuwei Chen, Bixin Cai, Mingyue Yan","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00008-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00008-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the longitudinal driving of a heterogeneous platoon, external disturbances of local vehicles can cause safety problems of the intended functionality. Therefore, a cooperative control method based on situation assessment is proposed. First, the minimum safe distance is determined according to the state of adjacent vehicles. A novel situation assessment model is established to characterize the stability of the platoon. Vehicle spacing, speed, and acceleration are selected as evaluation indicators. Then, an improved active disturbance rejection controller (IADRC) is designed to improve platoon stability through feedback compensation control. In addition, considering the unnecessary continuous involvement of the IADRC, its intervention time is determined by the situation assessment results. Finally, simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments are carried out under two communication topologies. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the stability and safety of the platoon.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}