Purpose “the purpose of this study/paper” or “this study/paper aims to” in the Purpose section of the Abstract. The integration of distributed generation (DG) to the utility grid is yet another approach to provide reliable and secured power. Design/methodology/approach The significant concern in this contemporary world are the day-to-day increasing power demand, lack of energy and increasing environmental pollution, which are threatening the existence of living things. Findings The research focus here is to adequacy and security in the grid-integrated hybrid distributed generation (DG) having photovoltaic (PV) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Originality/value PV system is a clean source of generation and suitable for many applications. Photovoltaic cell captures the energy from solar irradiation. To track the maximum power from PV, perturb and observe method is used. As it is intermittent in nature, integrating PV with fuel cell makes the hybrid source more reliable. Power electronic interfacing devices are used to integrate this hybrid DG source to microgrid. The simulation of this grid-connected hybrid DG is performed using Matlab/Simulink environment.
{"title":"Grid – connected operation and performance of hybrid DG having PV and PEMFC","authors":"N. Shetty, R. L. Chakrasali","doi":"10.1108/cw-01-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cw-01-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000“the purpose of this study/paper” or “this study/paper aims to” in the Purpose section of the Abstract. The integration of distributed generation (DG) to the utility grid is yet another approach to provide reliable and secured power.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The significant concern in this contemporary world are the day-to-day increasing power demand, lack of energy and increasing environmental pollution, which are threatening the existence of living things.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The research focus here is to adequacy and security in the grid-integrated hybrid distributed generation (DG) having photovoltaic (PV) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000PV system is a clean source of generation and suitable for many applications. Photovoltaic cell captures the energy from solar irradiation. To track the maximum power from PV, perturb and observe method is used. As it is intermittent in nature, integrating PV with fuel cell makes the hybrid source more reliable. Power electronic interfacing devices are used to integrate this hybrid DG source to microgrid. The simulation of this grid-connected hybrid DG is performed using Matlab/Simulink environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50693,"journal":{"name":"Circuit World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48447739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antony Freeda Rani Maria Lucas, Subbulekshmi Durairaj
Purpose The purpose of the paper is to develop high accurate and unified maximum power point tracking technique that tracks the maximum power from both the photovoltaic (PV) array and wind energy conversion system, (an unified maximum power point tracking technique implemented for both wind and solar sources to track maximum power with higher accuracy). Design/methodology/approach In recent times, multi-input Direct Current- Direct Current (DC-DC) converter has attracted attentiveness, to conserve more energy and to achieve more efficiency. The kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted to electrical energy and further stored into the battery, during the regenerative braking (moreover, the battery gets charged during the regenerative braking process by converting the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy). During such a process, only the pulse width modulation schemes of the inverter are changed. To charge electric vehicles (EVs), two renewable resources as solar and wind are combined to produce electric power. Therefore, it was conveyed that the EV will be continuously getting power without interruption using various sources and regenerated power. Findings The performance and effectiveness of the proposed system are studied by extensive simulations and (are) validated using a prototype of the system. The results prove that the proposed system achieves an efficiency of 95.2%, which is higher than that of the multi-input DC-DC converters existing in the literature. Originality/value A novel multi-input DC-DC landsman converter for powering plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is proposed in the research. This method proposes a new cost effective and efficient technique for HEVs with brushless DC motors. Wind power, battery and PV panel are used as the input sources for the proposed converter.
{"title":"A novel multi-input DC-DC landsman converter for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles","authors":"Antony Freeda Rani Maria Lucas, Subbulekshmi Durairaj","doi":"10.1108/cw-09-2020-0252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cw-09-2020-0252","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of the paper is to develop high accurate and unified maximum power point tracking technique that tracks the maximum power from both the photovoltaic (PV) array and wind energy conversion system, (an unified maximum power point tracking technique implemented for both wind and solar sources to track maximum power with higher accuracy).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In recent times, multi-input Direct Current- Direct Current (DC-DC) converter has attracted attentiveness, to conserve more energy and to achieve more efficiency. The kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted to electrical energy and further stored into the battery, during the regenerative braking (moreover, the battery gets charged during the regenerative braking process by converting the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy). During such a process, only the pulse width modulation schemes of the inverter are changed. To charge electric vehicles (EVs), two renewable resources as solar and wind are combined to produce electric power. Therefore, it was conveyed that the EV will be continuously getting power without interruption using various sources and regenerated power.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The performance and effectiveness of the proposed system are studied by extensive simulations and (are) validated using a prototype of the system. The results prove that the proposed system achieves an efficiency of 95.2%, which is higher than that of the multi-input DC-DC converters existing in the literature.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000A novel multi-input DC-DC landsman converter for powering plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is proposed in the research. This method proposes a new cost effective and efficient technique for HEVs with brushless DC motors. Wind power, battery and PV panel are used as the input sources for the proposed converter.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50693,"journal":{"name":"Circuit World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41984692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose Millimeter wave spectrum represents new opportunities to add capacity and faster speeds for next-generation services as fifth generation (5G) applications. In its Spectrum Frontiers proceeding, the Federal Communications Commision decided to focus on spectrum bands where the most spectrums are potentially available. A low profile antenna array with new decoupling structure is proposed and expected to resonate at higher frequency bands, i.e. millimeter wave frequencies, which are suitable for 5G applications. Design/methodology/approach The presented antenna contains artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface as decoupling structure. The proposed antenna array with novel AMC surface is operating at 29.1GHz and proven to be decoupling structure and capable of enhancing the isolation by reducing mutual coupling as 8.7dB between the array elements. It is evident that, and overall gain is improved as 10.1% by incorporating 1x2 Array with AMC Method. Mutual coupling between the elements of 1 × 2 antenna array is decreased by 39.12%. Findings The proposed structure is designed and simulated using HFSS software and the results are obtained in terms of return loss, gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and mutual coupling. The S-Parameters of each stage of design is tabulated and compared with each other to prove the decoupling capability of AMC surface in antenna arrays. Originality/value The proposed structure is designed and simulated using HFSS software, and the results are obtained in terms of return loss, gain, VSWR and mutual coupling. The S-Parameters of each stage of design is tabulated and compared with each other to prove the decoupling capability of AMC surface in antenna arrays.
{"title":"Design and implementation of artificial magnetic conductor surface as decoupling structure in microstrip antenna arrays","authors":"Khader Zelani Shaik, P. Siddaiah, K. Prasad","doi":"10.1108/CW-04-2021-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CW-04-2021-0100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Millimeter wave spectrum represents new opportunities to add capacity and faster speeds for next-generation services as fifth generation (5G) applications. In its Spectrum Frontiers proceeding, the Federal Communications Commision decided to focus on spectrum bands where the most spectrums are potentially available. A low profile antenna array with new decoupling structure is proposed and expected to resonate at higher frequency bands, i.e. millimeter wave frequencies, which are suitable for 5G applications.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The presented antenna contains artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface as decoupling structure. The proposed antenna array with novel AMC surface is operating at 29.1GHz and proven to be decoupling structure and capable of enhancing the isolation by reducing mutual coupling as 8.7dB between the array elements. It is evident that, and overall gain is improved as 10.1% by incorporating 1x2 Array with AMC Method. Mutual coupling between the elements of 1 × 2 antenna array is decreased by 39.12%.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The proposed structure is designed and simulated using HFSS software and the results are obtained in terms of return loss, gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and mutual coupling. The S-Parameters of each stage of design is tabulated and compared with each other to prove the decoupling capability of AMC surface in antenna arrays.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The proposed structure is designed and simulated using HFSS software, and the results are obtained in terms of return loss, gain, VSWR and mutual coupling. The S-Parameters of each stage of design is tabulated and compared with each other to prove the decoupling capability of AMC surface in antenna arrays.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50693,"journal":{"name":"Circuit World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47885441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose This study aims to propose optimised function-based evolutionary algorithms in this research to effectively replace the traditional electronic circuitry used in linearising constant temperature anemometer (CTA) and Microbridge mass flow sensor AWM 5000. Design/methodology/approach The proposed linearisation technique effectively uses the ratiometric function for the linearisation of CTA and Microbridge mass flow sensor AWM 5000. In addition, the well-known transfer relation, namely, the King’s Law is used for the linearisation of CTA and successfully implemented using LabVIEW 7.1. Findings Investigational results unveil that the proposed evolutionary optimised linearisation technique performs better in linearisation of both CTA and Mass flow sensors, and hence finds applications for computer-based flow measurement/control systems. Originality/value The evolutionary optimisation algorithms such as the real-coded genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimisation algorithm, differential evolution algorithm and covariance matrix adopted evolutionary strategy algorithm are used to determine the optimal values of the parameters present in the proposed ratiometric function. The performance measures, namely, the full-scale error and mean square error are used to analyse the overall performance of the proposed approach is compared to a state of art techniques available in the literature.
{"title":"Linearisation of flow sensors using evolutionary optimised function-based methods","authors":"J. B. Thangamalar, A. Abudhahir","doi":"10.1108/cw-09-2020-0251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cw-09-2020-0251","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000This study aims to propose optimised function-based evolutionary algorithms in this research to effectively replace the traditional electronic circuitry used in linearising constant temperature anemometer (CTA) and Microbridge mass flow sensor AWM 5000.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The proposed linearisation technique effectively uses the ratiometric function for the linearisation of CTA and Microbridge mass flow sensor AWM 5000. In addition, the well-known transfer relation, namely, the King’s Law is used for the linearisation of CTA and successfully implemented using LabVIEW 7.1.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Investigational results unveil that the proposed evolutionary optimised linearisation technique performs better in linearisation of both CTA and Mass flow sensors, and hence finds applications for computer-based flow measurement/control systems.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The evolutionary optimisation algorithms such as the real-coded genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimisation algorithm, differential evolution algorithm and covariance matrix adopted evolutionary strategy algorithm are used to determine the optimal values of the parameters present in the proposed ratiometric function. The performance measures, namely, the full-scale error and mean square error are used to analyse the overall performance of the proposed approach is compared to a state of art techniques available in the literature.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50693,"journal":{"name":"Circuit World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43556045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chong Wang, Wang Yingjie, Kegu Adi, Yunzhong Huang, Yuanming Chen, S. Wang, Wei‐dong He, Yao Tang, Yukai Sun, Weihua Zhang, Chenggang Xu, He Xuemei
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish an accurate model to quantify the effect of conductor roughness on insertion loss (IL) and provide improved measurements and suggestions for manufacturing good conductive copper lines of printed circuit board. Design/methodology/approach To practically investigates the modified model of conductor roughness, three different kinds of alternate oxidation treatments were used to provide transmission lines with different roughness. The IL results were measured by a vector net analyzer for comparisons with the modified model results. Findings An accurate model, with only a 1.8% deviation on average from the measured values, is established. Compared with other models, the modified model is more reliable in industrial manufacturing. Originality/value This paper introduces the influence of tiny roughness structures on IL. Besides, this paper discusses the effect of current distribution on IL.
{"title":"A modified model of conductor roughness for manufacturing copper lines of printedcircuit board","authors":"Chong Wang, Wang Yingjie, Kegu Adi, Yunzhong Huang, Yuanming Chen, S. Wang, Wei‐dong He, Yao Tang, Yukai Sun, Weihua Zhang, Chenggang Xu, He Xuemei","doi":"10.1108/cw-10-2019-0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cw-10-2019-0144","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to establish an accurate model to quantify the effect of conductor roughness on insertion loss (IL) and provide improved measurements and suggestions for manufacturing good conductive copper lines of printed circuit board.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000To practically investigates the modified model of conductor roughness, three different kinds of alternate oxidation treatments were used to provide transmission lines with different roughness. The IL results were measured by a vector net analyzer for comparisons with the modified model results.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000An accurate model, with only a 1.8% deviation on average from the measured values, is established. Compared with other models, the modified model is more reliable in industrial manufacturing.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper introduces the influence of tiny roughness structures on IL. Besides, this paper discusses the effect of current distribution on IL.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50693,"journal":{"name":"Circuit World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44348995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the issue of via filling and pattern plating simultaneously by concentration optimization of accelerator and leveler in the electroplating bath. Design/methodology/approach This paper designs a series of experiments to verify the performance of pattern plating with the via filling plating formula. Then the compositions of electroplating solution are optimized to achieve via filling and pattern plating simultaneously. Finally, the mechanism of co-plating for via and line is discussed in brief. Findings To achieve excellent performance for via filling and pattern plating simultaneously, proportion of additives are comprehensively considered in optimization of electroplating process. Effects of additives on the via filling and pattern plating should be taken into consideration, especially in achieving flat lines. Originality/value This paper discusses the different effects of accelerator and leveler on the via filling and the pattern plating, respectively. The process of co-plating for the via and the line is presented. The superfilling of via and the flat line are simultaneously obtained with the optimized via filling formula.
{"title":"Effects of additives on via filling and pattern plating with simultaneous electroplating","authors":"Zhihong Sun, Jing Wang","doi":"10.1108/cw-12-2020-0335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cw-12-2020-0335","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to solve the issue of via filling and pattern plating simultaneously by concentration optimization of accelerator and leveler in the electroplating bath.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This paper designs a series of experiments to verify the performance of pattern plating with the via filling plating formula. Then the compositions of electroplating solution are optimized to achieve via filling and pattern plating simultaneously. Finally, the mechanism of co-plating for via and line is discussed in brief.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000To achieve excellent performance for via filling and pattern plating simultaneously, proportion of additives are comprehensively considered in optimization of electroplating process. Effects of additives on the via filling and pattern plating should be taken into consideration, especially in achieving flat lines.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper discusses the different effects of accelerator and leveler on the via filling and the pattern plating, respectively. The process of co-plating for the via and the line is presented. The superfilling of via and the flat line are simultaneously obtained with the optimized via filling formula.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50693,"journal":{"name":"Circuit World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46396662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose Existing control circuits for piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) suffers from long startup time or high power consumption. This paper aims to design an ultra-low power control circuit that can harvest weak ambient vibrational energy on the order of several microwatts to power heavy loads such as wireless sensors. Design/methodology/approach A self-powered control circuit is proposed, functioning for very brief periods at the maximum power point, resulting in a low duty cycle. The circuit can start to function at low input power thresholds and can promptly achieve optimal operating conditions when cold-starting. The circuit is designed to be able to operate without stable DC power supply and powered by the piezoelectric transducers. Findings When using the series-synchronized switch harvesting on inductor circuit with a large 1 mF energy storage capacitor, the proposed circuit can perform 322% better than the standard energy harvesting circuit in terms of energy harvested. This control circuit can also achieve an ultra-low consumption of 0.3 µW, as well as capable of cold-starting with input power as low as 5.78 µW. Originality/value The intermittent control strategy proposed in this paper can drastically reduce power consumption of the control circuit. Without dedicated cold-start modules and DC auxiliary supply, the circuit can achieve optimal efficiency within one input cycle, if the input signal is larger than voltage threshold. The proposed control strategy is especially favorable for harvesting energy from natural vibrations and can be a promising solution for other PEH circuits as well.
{"title":"A self-powered ultra-low-power intermittent-control SSHI circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting","authors":"Guoda Wang, Ping Li, Y. Wen, Z. Luo","doi":"10.1108/cw-11-2020-0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cw-11-2020-0320","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Existing control circuits for piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) suffers from long startup time or high power consumption. This paper aims to design an ultra-low power control circuit that can harvest weak ambient vibrational energy on the order of several microwatts to power heavy loads such as wireless sensors.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A self-powered control circuit is proposed, functioning for very brief periods at the maximum power point, resulting in a low duty cycle. The circuit can start to function at low input power thresholds and can promptly achieve optimal operating conditions when cold-starting. The circuit is designed to be able to operate without stable DC power supply and powered by the piezoelectric transducers.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000When using the series-synchronized switch harvesting on inductor circuit with a large 1 mF energy storage capacitor, the proposed circuit can perform 322% better than the standard energy harvesting circuit in terms of energy harvested. This control circuit can also achieve an ultra-low consumption of 0.3 µW, as well as capable of cold-starting with input power as low as 5.78 µW.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The intermittent control strategy proposed in this paper can drastically reduce power consumption of the control circuit. Without dedicated cold-start modules and DC auxiliary supply, the circuit can achieve optimal efficiency within one input cycle, if the input signal is larger than voltage threshold. The proposed control strategy is especially favorable for harvesting energy from natural vibrations and can be a promising solution for other PEH circuits as well.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50693,"journal":{"name":"Circuit World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48094635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose The puspose of this paper, a novel systematic design of fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller-based speed control of sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor using multi-objective enhanced genetic algorithm (EGA). This scheme provides an excellent dynamic and static response, low computational burden, the robust speed control. Design/methodology/approach The EGA is a meta-heuristic-inspired algorithm for solving non-linearity problems such as sudden load disturbances, modeling errors, power fluctuations, poor stability, the maximum time of transient processes, static and dynamic errors. The conventional genetic algorithm (CGA) and modified genetic algorithm (MGA) are not very effective in solving the above-mentioned problems. Hence, a multi-objective EGA optimized FOPID (EGA-FOPID) controller is proposed for speed control of sensorless BLDC motor under various conditions such as constant load conditions, varying load conditions, varying set speed (Ns) conditions, integrated conditions and controller parameters uncertainty. Findings This systematic design of the multi-objective EGA-FOPID controller is implemented in MATLAB 2020a with Simulink models for optimal speed control of the BLDC motor. The overall performance of the EGA-FOPID controller is observed and evaluated for computational burden, time integral performance indexes, transient and steady-state characteristics. The hardware experiment results confirm that the proposed EGA-FOPID controller can precisely change the BLDC motor speed is desired range with minimal effort. Research limitations/implications The conventional real time issues such as nonlinearity characteristics, poor controllability and stability. Practical implications It is clearly evident that out of these three intelligent controllers, the EGA optimized FOPID controller gives enhanced performance by minimizing the time domain parameters, performance Indices error and convergence time. Also, the hardware experimental setup and the results of the proposed EGA-FOPID controller are presented. Originality/value It shows the effectiveness of the proposed controllers is completely verified by comparing the above three intelligent optimization algorithms. It is clearly evident that out of these three intelligent controllers, the EGA optimized FOPID controller gives enhanced performance by minimizing the time domain parameters, performance Indices error and convergence time. Also, the hardware experimental setup and the results of the proposed EGA-FOPID controller are presented.
{"title":"Systematic design of multi-objective enhanced genetic algorithm optimized fractional order PID controller for sensorless brushless DC motor drive","authors":"Vanchinathan Kumarasamy, Valluvan KarumanchettyThottam Ramasamy, Gnanavel Chinnaraj","doi":"10.1108/cw-07-2020-0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cw-07-2020-0137","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The puspose of this paper, a novel systematic design of fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller-based speed control of sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor using multi-objective enhanced genetic algorithm (EGA). This scheme provides an excellent dynamic and static response, low computational burden, the robust speed control.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The EGA is a meta-heuristic-inspired algorithm for solving non-linearity problems such as sudden load disturbances, modeling errors, power fluctuations, poor stability, the maximum time of transient processes, static and dynamic errors. The conventional genetic algorithm (CGA) and modified genetic algorithm (MGA) are not very effective in solving the above-mentioned problems. Hence, a multi-objective EGA optimized FOPID (EGA-FOPID) controller is proposed for speed control of sensorless BLDC motor under various conditions such as constant load conditions, varying load conditions, varying set speed (Ns) conditions, integrated conditions and controller parameters uncertainty.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This systematic design of the multi-objective EGA-FOPID controller is implemented in MATLAB 2020a with Simulink models for optimal speed control of the BLDC motor. The overall performance of the EGA-FOPID controller is observed and evaluated for computational burden, time integral performance indexes, transient and steady-state characteristics. The hardware experiment results confirm that the proposed EGA-FOPID controller can precisely change the BLDC motor speed is desired range with minimal effort.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The conventional real time issues such as nonlinearity characteristics, poor controllability and stability.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000It is clearly evident that out of these three intelligent controllers, the EGA optimized FOPID controller gives enhanced performance by minimizing the time domain parameters, performance Indices error and convergence time. Also, the hardware experimental setup and the results of the proposed EGA-FOPID controller are presented.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000It shows the effectiveness of the proposed controllers is completely verified by comparing the above three intelligent optimization algorithms. It is clearly evident that out of these three intelligent controllers, the EGA optimized FOPID controller gives enhanced performance by minimizing the time domain parameters, performance Indices error and convergence time. Also, the hardware experimental setup and the results of the proposed EGA-FOPID controller are presented.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50693,"journal":{"name":"Circuit World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42229263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramesh Kumar Vobulapuram, Javid Basha Shaik, P. Venkatramana, D. Mekala, Ujwala Lingayath
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design novel tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) using graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). Design/methodology/approach To design the proposed TFET, the bilayer GNRs (BLGNRs) have been used as the channel material. The BLGNR-TFET is designed in QuantumATK, depending on 2-D Poisson’s equation and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism. Findings The performance of the proposed BLGNR-TFET is investigated in terms of current and voltage (I-V) characteristics and transconductance. Moreover, the proposed device performance is compared with the monolayer GNR-TFET (MLGNR-TFET). From the simulation results, it is investigated that the BLGNR-TFET shows high current and gain over the MLGNR-TFET. Originality/value This paper presents a new technique to design GNR-based TFET for future low power very large-scale integration (VLSI) devices.
{"title":"Design of bilayer graphene nanoribbon tunnel field effect transistor","authors":"Ramesh Kumar Vobulapuram, Javid Basha Shaik, P. Venkatramana, D. Mekala, Ujwala Lingayath","doi":"10.1108/cw-05-2020-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cw-05-2020-0079","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to design novel tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) using graphene nanoribbons (GNRs).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000To design the proposed TFET, the bilayer GNRs (BLGNRs) have been used as the channel material. The BLGNR-TFET is designed in QuantumATK, depending on 2-D Poisson’s equation and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The performance of the proposed BLGNR-TFET is investigated in terms of current and voltage (I-V) characteristics and transconductance. Moreover, the proposed device performance is compared with the monolayer GNR-TFET (MLGNR-TFET). From the simulation results, it is investigated that the BLGNR-TFET shows high current and gain over the MLGNR-TFET.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper presents a new technique to design GNR-based TFET for future low power very large-scale integration (VLSI) devices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50693,"journal":{"name":"Circuit World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42270917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose Recent advancements in the domain of smart communication systems and technologies have led to the augmented developments for very large scale integrated circuit designs in electro-magnetic applications. Increasing demands for low power, compact area and superior figure of merit–oriented circuit designs are the trends of the recent research studies. Hence, to accomplish such applications intended for optical communications, the transimpedance amplifier (TIA) was designed. Design/methodology/approach In this research work, the authors present a multi-layer active feedback structure which mainly composes a transimpedance stage and a gain stage followed by a low pass filter. This structure enables to achieve improved input impedance and superior gain. A simplified cascaded amplifier has also been designed in a hierarchical topology to improvise the noise effect further. The proposed TIA has been designed using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 45 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. Moreover, the thermal noise has been analyzed at −3 dB bandwidth to prove the reduction in thermal noise with increase in frequency for most of the devices used in the designed circuit. Findings The proposed differential TIA circuit was found to obtain the transimpedance gain of 50.1 dBO without applying any external bias current which is almost 8% improvised as compared to the conventional circuit. In addition to this, bandwidth achieved was 2.15 GHz along with only 38 W of power consumption, which is reasonably 100 times improvised in comparison of conventional circuit. Hence, the proposed differential TIA is suitable for the low power optical communications applications intended to work on low supply voltage. Originality/value The designed work is done by authors in university lab premises and is not copied from anywhere. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is 100% original.
{"title":"Forty five nm CMOS low power multilevel active feedback transimpedance amplifier for optical receivers","authors":"Priya Singh, V. Niranjan, Ashwni Kumar","doi":"10.1108/cw-06-2020-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cw-06-2020-0102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Recent advancements in the domain of smart communication systems and technologies have led to the augmented developments for very large scale integrated circuit designs in electro-magnetic applications. Increasing demands for low power, compact area and superior figure of merit–oriented circuit designs are the trends of the recent research studies. Hence, to accomplish such applications intended for optical communications, the transimpedance amplifier (TIA) was designed.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In this research work, the authors present a multi-layer active feedback structure which mainly composes a transimpedance stage and a gain stage followed by a low pass filter. This structure enables to achieve improved input impedance and superior gain. A simplified cascaded amplifier has also been designed in a hierarchical topology to improvise the noise effect further. The proposed TIA has been designed using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 45 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. Moreover, the thermal noise has been analyzed at −3 dB bandwidth to prove the reduction in thermal noise with increase in frequency for most of the devices used in the designed circuit.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The proposed differential TIA circuit was found to obtain the transimpedance gain of 50.1 dBO without applying any external bias current which is almost 8% improvised as compared to the conventional circuit. In addition to this, bandwidth achieved was 2.15 GHz along with only 38 W of power consumption, which is reasonably 100 times improvised in comparison of conventional circuit. Hence, the proposed differential TIA is suitable for the low power optical communications applications intended to work on low supply voltage.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The designed work is done by authors in university lab premises and is not copied from anywhere. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is 100% original.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50693,"journal":{"name":"Circuit World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46970111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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