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A Relational Approach to the Human-Animal Bond 人与动物关系的关系研究
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000670
Margot D. Lasher
ABSTRACTThe human-animal bond is an example of the importance of connections between living beings in general. In a relational model, inner growth throughout the life span takes place in the context of connections. The primary mode of communication between human and animal is attunement, the mutual picking up of, and responding to, the subjective state of another creature. Human-animal relationships provide safe, responsive settings for inner growth.
摘要人与动物之间的联系是生物之间联系重要性的一个例子。在关系模型中,整个生命周期的内在成长发生在连接的上下文中。人类和动物之间交流的主要方式是调谐,即相互了解并回应另一个生物的主观状态。人与动物的关系为内在成长提供了安全、敏感的环境。
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引用次数: 24
Provision of Service Dogs for People With Mobility Disabilities 为行动不便人士提供服务犬
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 1998-06-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000724
A. Miura, H. Tanida, J. Bradshaw
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引用次数: 2
Dog Bites Boy: Judgments of Blame and Shame 狗咬男孩:责备和羞耻的判断
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 1998-06-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000805
D. W. Rajecki, J. L. Rasmussen, S. Modlin, Angela M. Holder
ABSTRACTSeparate samples of undergraduates read matched stories about a dog or a boy actor biting a child; others read about a dog or a boy playing with a child. Rating scales were used to obtain evaluations of these outcomes, and estimates of an actor's intent, volition, and excuse for its behavior. In addition, blameworthiness and impressions of actors' felt shame were assessed for biting; as was praiseworthiness for playing. Clear evidence for more leniency and generosity toward the dog compared with the boy was obtained. For the dog, the bite outcome was evaluated as less negative; and the animal's intent, volition, blame, and felt shame were rated lower. Further, the dog was granted more excuse for biting than was the boy. Concerning play, the dog-related outcome was seen as more positive and praiseworthy. These findings are discussed in terms of attribution theory, and with reference to the issue of underreported bites from owned animals.
摘要本科生分别阅读狗或男演员咬小孩的故事;另一些则读到一只狗或一个男孩和一个孩子玩耍的故事。评级量表被用来获得这些结果的评估,以及对行为者意图、意志和行为借口的估计。此外,研究人员还对咬人行为的可责备性和羞愧感进行了评估;这是值得称赞的。与男孩相比,对狗的宽容和慷慨得到了明确的证据。对狗来说,咬伤结果的负面评价较低;动物的意图、意志、责备和感到羞耻的评分较低。此外,狗比男孩有更多的咬人借口。在玩耍方面,与狗有关的结果被认为是更积极和值得赞扬的。这些发现在归因理论方面进行了讨论,并参考了被低估的动物咬伤问题。
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引用次数: 15
Cardiac and Behavioral Responses to Humans in an Adult Female Japanese Monkey (Macaca Fuscata) 成年雌性日本猕猴(Macaca Fuscata)对人类的心脏和行为反应
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 1998-06-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000797
Naoko Koda, Shoji Machida, S. Goto, M. Nakamichi, N. Itoigawa, T. Minami
ABSTRACTThe effects of the appearance of a human on the mean arterial blood pressure (BP) and behavior of an adult female Japanese monkey were examined to clarify whether or not the monkey discriminated between men and women, and between caretakers and strangers. Each human (5 male and 6 female caretakers; 5 male and 6 female strangers) sat facing the monkey whose BP was recorded with an unrestrained telemetry system. Behavior of the monkey was recorded on videotape and BP was measured for 10 minutes prior to the appearance of the human (pre-appearance stage) and for 10 minutes during which the human appeared and faced the monkey (appearance stage). The BP and the frequency of alert behavior increased immediately after the appearance of a human. The increase in the BP and the duration during which the BP was high were significantly greater with men than with women. The duration of alert behavior in the beginning of the appearance stage was longer with men than with women and its duration at the beginning ...
摘要本文研究了人的外表对成年雌性日本猴的平均动脉血压和行为的影响,以阐明雌性日本猴是否区分男性和女性、照顾者和陌生人。每个人(5名男性和6名女性看护人;5名男性和6名女性陌生人)坐在猴子面前,猴子的血压是用不受约束的遥测系统记录的。在人类出现前10分钟(出现前阶段)和人类出现并面对猴子时10分钟(出现阶段),用录像带记录猴子的行为并测量血压。在人类出现后,血压和警觉行为的频率立即增加。男性的血压升高和血压高的持续时间明显大于女性。警觉性行为在出现阶段初期的持续时间男性比女性长,警觉性行为在出现阶段初期的持续时间男性比女性长。
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引用次数: 2
Motivational Aspects of Desert Tortoise Caretaking 照顾沙漠龟的动机方面
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 1998-06-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000788
Karen M. Kampfer, J. Love
ABSTRACTThis study (n=490) investigates the motives of humans who maintain desert tortoises in a captive setting. Using data from previously published surveys, a species-appropriate instrument, the Tortoise Caretaking Questionnaire (TCQ), utilizing 20 Likert-type questions was developed to examine ten motives for caretaking. The TCQ also contained a brief demographic section. Each motive was analyzed with respect to strength, age, gender and tortoise rank (compared with other household pets). Two thousand three hundred and seventy-eight questionnaires were distributed and 496 were returned (20.8%); of these, 490 were deemed usable. All motives were shown to be significant and with one exception, females expressed stronger levels of each than did males. Younger respondents tended to rank tortoises higher than other pets whereas older respondents ranked them lower. Future research should investigate longitudinal and other aspects of tortoise caretaking.
摘要本研究(n=490)调查了人类在圈养环境中饲养沙漠象龟的动机。利用以前发表的调查数据,开发了一种适合物种的工具,即乌龟照顾问卷(TCQ),使用20个likert型问题来检查照顾的10种动机。TCQ还包含一个简短的人口统计部分。每个动机都被分析了关于力量、年龄、性别和乌龟等级(与其他家庭宠物相比)。共发放问卷2378份,回收问卷496份,回收率为20.8%;其中490个被认为是可用的。所有的动机都被证明是重要的,除了一个例外,女性表达的每一种动机都比男性强。年轻的受访者倾向于把乌龟排在其他宠物的前面,而年长的受访者则把乌龟排在后面。未来的研究应从纵向和其他方面对乌龟的照顾进行调查。
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引用次数: 9
Nursing Home Staffs' Empathy for a Missing Therapy Dog, their Attitudes to Animal-Assisted Therapy Programs and Suitable Dog Breeds 疗养院工作人员对失踪治疗犬的同理心、对动物辅助治疗计划及合适犬种的态度
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 1998-06-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000779
Patricia Crowley-Robinson, J. Blackshaw
ABSTRACTThe study was conducted at the Returned Soldiers League (RSL) War Veterans Home at Pinjarra Hills (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) where a spayed female Whippet, Heidi, was placed as a therapy dog. Of the 80 staff members, 47 (58.75%) returned completed questionnaires on attitudes towards Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) programs and the disappearance of Heidi two days after placement. The Pet Attitude Scale (Templer et al. 1981) was used in conjunction with the staff attitude questionnaire.Respondents with high Pet Attitude scores were more upset (χ2(2)=8.41, p<0.05) and liked dogs more (χ2(2)=7.03, p<0.05) than staff with medium or low scores. The staff with high scores were also more pleased when Heidi returned (χ2(1)=15.97, p<0.05). Respondents who wanted a program were those who liked dogs the most (χ2(1)=7.02, p<0.05) and did not think having an AAT program would increase their workload (χ2(1)=3.77, p<0.05). Staff who thought a dog should live at the nursing home were pleased (χ2(1)=5.2, p<0.0...
摘要本研究在澳大利亚昆士兰州布里斯班Pinjarra Hills的退伍军人之家(RSL)进行,在那里一只绝育的雌性惠比特犬Heidi被安置作为治疗犬。在80名工作人员中,47名(58.75%)回复了关于对动物辅助治疗(AAT)项目的态度和海蒂在安置后两天消失的完整问卷。宠物态度量表(Templer et al. 1981)与员工态度问卷结合使用。宠物态度得分高的被调查者比得分中低的被调查者更不安(χ2(2)=8.41, p<0.05),更喜欢狗(χ2(2)=7.03, p<0.05)。得分高的员工对海蒂回归的满意度也更高(χ2(1)=15.97, p<0.05)。想要参加AAT计划的受访者是最喜欢狗的人(χ2(1)=7.02, p<0.05),并且不认为参加AAT计划会增加他们的工作量(χ2(1)=3.77, p<0.05)。认为狗应该住在养老院的工作人员感到满意(χ2(1)=5.2, p<0.0…
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引用次数: 25
Attitudes Toward Animals Among Norwegian Adolescents 挪威青少年对动物的态度
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 1998-06-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000742
T. Bjerke, Toril S. Ødegårdstuen, B. Kaltenborn
ABSTRACTAttitudes towards a wide range of animals were measured among a sample of 562 children and adolescents, aged between 9 and 15 years, from one urban and two rural areas in Southern Norway. The respondents completed a questionnaire based on Kellert's (1996) attitude typology toward animals. The results showed that the humanistic attitude type ranked first, followed by the moralistic, ecologistic, naturalistic, negativistic, dominionistic, and utilitarian attitude types. Gender differences appeared on the moralistic and negativistic (girls highest), and the naturalistic, dominionistic, and utilitarian (boys highest) sub-scales. Scores on the ecologistic, naturalistic, and dominionistic sub-scales decreased with increasing age. Urban respondents had higher moralistic, and rural respondents had higher dominionistic sub-scale scores. Respondents who owned a pet had higher humanistic, moralistic, and lower utilitarian sub-scale scores than had non-owners.
摘要对来自挪威南部一个城市和两个农村地区的562名9至15岁的儿童和青少年样本进行了对各种动物的态度调查。受访者根据Kellert(1996)对动物的态度类型完成了一份调查问卷。结果显示,人文主义态度类型排名第一,其次是道德主义、生态主义、自然主义、消极主义、支配主义和功利主义态度类型。性别差异出现在道德主义和消极主义(女孩最高)和自然主义、支配主义和功利主义(男孩最高)的子量表上。生态学、自然主义和支配主义量表的得分随着年龄的增长而下降。城市被调查者具有较高的道德主义分,农村被调查者具有较高的支配主义分。养宠物的受访者比不养宠物的人在人文主义、道德主义和功利主义方面得分更高。
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引用次数: 97
Approaches to Goldie: A Field Study of Human Approach Responses to Canine Juvenescence 接近Goldie:人类接近犬幼年反应的实地研究
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 1998-06-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000751
A. J. Fridlund, Melissa MacDonald
ABSTRACTApproaches by human passers-by to a Golden Retriever puppy with a human companion were tallied as the puppy aged from ten weeks to 33 weeks. Over this period, approaches were most numerous when the puppy was youngest, with females approaching more than males during the first half of sampling, but equaling male approaches during the second half. Both the number of human approaches and the proportions of males and females were independent of the sex of the puppy's human companion. The results suggest a human, and especially a female, preference for canine juvenescence.
摘要对一只有人类陪伴的金毛犬幼犬在10周至33周龄期间被路人接近的次数进行统计。在此期间,小狗最年轻的时候,接近次数最多,在抽样的前半段,雌性接近的次数多于雄性,但在后半段,雌性接近的次数与雄性接近的次数相同。人类接近的数量和男女比例都与小狗的人类伴侣的性别无关。结果表明,人类,尤其是女性,更喜欢犬的幼年期。
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引用次数: 19
Whale Shark Tourism in Ningaloo Marine Park, Australia 澳大利亚宁格罗海洋公园的鲸鲨旅游
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 1998-03-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000850
D. Davis
ABSTRACTInteractions between tourists and marine animals have become increasingly popular in recent years. Since 1993 a new tourism industry, based on swimming with whale sharks, has developed in Ningaloo Marine Park, off the coast of Western Australia. This is the only known, accessible place in the world where whale sharks congregate in significant numbers. Certain results from surveys of participants in the ‘whale shark experience,’ undertaken in 1995 and 1996, are reported, with a focus on management questions relating to human-to-shark separation distances, swimmers making contact with sharks, satisfaction with the experience, and the numbers of swimmers in the water. While the rules on separation distances were changed between the years, statistical analyses indicate that satisfaction with the experience did not change (F(1,671)=1.25, p>0.05). Resulting from the rule changes, swimmers did not get so close to sharks in 1996 (F(1,671)=273.41, p<0.05), nor were they as concerned about the number of oth...
摘要近年来,游客与海洋动物之间的互动越来越受欢迎。自1993年以来,一项以与鲸鲨一起游泳为基础的新旅游业在西澳大利亚海岸的宁格罗海洋公园发展起来。这是世界上唯一已知的、可到达的鲸鲨大量聚集的地方。报告了1995年和1996年进行的“鲸鲨体验”参与者调查的某些结果,重点是与人与鲨鱼的分离距离、游泳者与鲨鱼接触、体验满意度和水中游泳者数量有关的管理问题。虽然分离距离的规则在不同年份之间发生了变化,但统计分析表明,对体验的满意度没有变化(F(1,671)=1.25, p(>) 0.05)。由于规则的改变,1996年游泳者与鲨鱼的距离不再那么近(F(1671)=273.41, p<0.05),他们也不再那么关心鲨鱼的数量了。
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引用次数: 20
Personality Characteristics of Dog and Cat Persons 爱狗和爱猫的人的性格特征
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 1998-03-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000904
R. Perrine, Hannah L. Osbourne
The present study explored personality differences between dog persons and cat persons. Participants (n=126) identified themselves as either a dog person, cat person, both or neither, and rated their own masculinity, femininity, independence, dominance and athleticism. Participants also read a description of a person who was labelled either dog person or cat person, and rated this person on these same personality characteristics. Results showed that females were more likely to label themselves cat persons than were males. Quality of past experience with dogs and cats was related to current ownership of dogs and cats. There were no personality differences between dog/cat owners versus non owners. However, there were personality differences between self-labelled dog versus cat persons. In addition, others attributed different personality characteristics to dog versus cat persons, often as a function of gender. The real versus perceived differences in personality were not the same.
本研究探讨了爱狗的人和爱猫的人之间的性格差异。参与者(n=126)认为自己是爱狗的人,爱猫的人,两者都是或两者都不是,并对自己的男性气质,女性气质,独立性,统治力和运动能力进行评分。参与者还阅读了一个人的描述,这个人被标记为爱狗的人或爱猫的人,并根据这些相同的性格特征给这个人打分。结果显示,女性比男性更有可能将自己称为猫人。过去与狗和猫的经验的质量与目前的狗和猫的所有权有关。养狗/猫的人和不养狗/猫的人之间没有性格差异。然而,自认为是狗的人和自认为是猫的人之间存在性格差异。此外,其他人认为狗人和猫人的性格特征不同,这通常是性别的作用。真实的和感知到的性格差异是不一样的。
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引用次数: 45
期刊
Anthrozoos
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