Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000670
Margot D. Lasher
ABSTRACTThe human-animal bond is an example of the importance of connections between living beings in general. In a relational model, inner growth throughout the life span takes place in the context of connections. The primary mode of communication between human and animal is attunement, the mutual picking up of, and responding to, the subjective state of another creature. Human-animal relationships provide safe, responsive settings for inner growth.
{"title":"A Relational Approach to the Human-Animal Bond","authors":"Margot D. Lasher","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000670","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe human-animal bond is an example of the importance of connections between living beings in general. In a relational model, inner growth throughout the life span takes place in the context of connections. The primary mode of communication between human and animal is attunement, the mutual picking up of, and responding to, the subjective state of another creature. Human-animal relationships provide safe, responsive settings for inner growth.","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"130-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000724
A. Miura, H. Tanida, J. Bradshaw
{"title":"Provision of Service Dogs for People With Mobility Disabilities","authors":"A. Miura, H. Tanida, J. Bradshaw","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000724","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000724","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000805
D. W. Rajecki, J. L. Rasmussen, S. Modlin, Angela M. Holder
ABSTRACTSeparate samples of undergraduates read matched stories about a dog or a boy actor biting a child; others read about a dog or a boy playing with a child. Rating scales were used to obtain evaluations of these outcomes, and estimates of an actor's intent, volition, and excuse for its behavior. In addition, blameworthiness and impressions of actors' felt shame were assessed for biting; as was praiseworthiness for playing. Clear evidence for more leniency and generosity toward the dog compared with the boy was obtained. For the dog, the bite outcome was evaluated as less negative; and the animal's intent, volition, blame, and felt shame were rated lower. Further, the dog was granted more excuse for biting than was the boy. Concerning play, the dog-related outcome was seen as more positive and praiseworthy. These findings are discussed in terms of attribution theory, and with reference to the issue of underreported bites from owned animals.
{"title":"Dog Bites Boy: Judgments of Blame and Shame","authors":"D. W. Rajecki, J. L. Rasmussen, S. Modlin, Angela M. Holder","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000805","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTSeparate samples of undergraduates read matched stories about a dog or a boy actor biting a child; others read about a dog or a boy playing with a child. Rating scales were used to obtain evaluations of these outcomes, and estimates of an actor's intent, volition, and excuse for its behavior. In addition, blameworthiness and impressions of actors' felt shame were assessed for biting; as was praiseworthiness for playing. Clear evidence for more leniency and generosity toward the dog compared with the boy was obtained. For the dog, the bite outcome was evaluated as less negative; and the animal's intent, volition, blame, and felt shame were rated lower. Further, the dog was granted more excuse for biting than was the boy. Concerning play, the dog-related outcome was seen as more positive and praiseworthy. These findings are discussed in terms of attribution theory, and with reference to the issue of underreported bites from owned animals.","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000797
Naoko Koda, Shoji Machida, S. Goto, M. Nakamichi, N. Itoigawa, T. Minami
ABSTRACTThe effects of the appearance of a human on the mean arterial blood pressure (BP) and behavior of an adult female Japanese monkey were examined to clarify whether or not the monkey discriminated between men and women, and between caretakers and strangers. Each human (5 male and 6 female caretakers; 5 male and 6 female strangers) sat facing the monkey whose BP was recorded with an unrestrained telemetry system. Behavior of the monkey was recorded on videotape and BP was measured for 10 minutes prior to the appearance of the human (pre-appearance stage) and for 10 minutes during which the human appeared and faced the monkey (appearance stage). The BP and the frequency of alert behavior increased immediately after the appearance of a human. The increase in the BP and the duration during which the BP was high were significantly greater with men than with women. The duration of alert behavior in the beginning of the appearance stage was longer with men than with women and its duration at the beginning ...
{"title":"Cardiac and Behavioral Responses to Humans in an Adult Female Japanese Monkey (Macaca Fuscata)","authors":"Naoko Koda, Shoji Machida, S. Goto, M. Nakamichi, N. Itoigawa, T. Minami","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000797","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe effects of the appearance of a human on the mean arterial blood pressure (BP) and behavior of an adult female Japanese monkey were examined to clarify whether or not the monkey discriminated between men and women, and between caretakers and strangers. Each human (5 male and 6 female caretakers; 5 male and 6 female strangers) sat facing the monkey whose BP was recorded with an unrestrained telemetry system. Behavior of the monkey was recorded on videotape and BP was measured for 10 minutes prior to the appearance of the human (pre-appearance stage) and for 10 minutes during which the human appeared and faced the monkey (appearance stage). The BP and the frequency of alert behavior increased immediately after the appearance of a human. The increase in the BP and the duration during which the BP was high were significantly greater with men than with women. The duration of alert behavior in the beginning of the appearance stage was longer with men than with women and its duration at the beginning ...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"74-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000788
Karen M. Kampfer, J. Love
ABSTRACTThis study (n=490) investigates the motives of humans who maintain desert tortoises in a captive setting. Using data from previously published surveys, a species-appropriate instrument, the Tortoise Caretaking Questionnaire (TCQ), utilizing 20 Likert-type questions was developed to examine ten motives for caretaking. The TCQ also contained a brief demographic section. Each motive was analyzed with respect to strength, age, gender and tortoise rank (compared with other household pets). Two thousand three hundred and seventy-eight questionnaires were distributed and 496 were returned (20.8%); of these, 490 were deemed usable. All motives were shown to be significant and with one exception, females expressed stronger levels of each than did males. Younger respondents tended to rank tortoises higher than other pets whereas older respondents ranked them lower. Future research should investigate longitudinal and other aspects of tortoise caretaking.
{"title":"Motivational Aspects of Desert Tortoise Caretaking","authors":"Karen M. Kampfer, J. Love","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000788","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study (n=490) investigates the motives of humans who maintain desert tortoises in a captive setting. Using data from previously published surveys, a species-appropriate instrument, the Tortoise Caretaking Questionnaire (TCQ), utilizing 20 Likert-type questions was developed to examine ten motives for caretaking. The TCQ also contained a brief demographic section. Each motive was analyzed with respect to strength, age, gender and tortoise rank (compared with other household pets). Two thousand three hundred and seventy-eight questionnaires were distributed and 496 were returned (20.8%); of these, 490 were deemed usable. All motives were shown to be significant and with one exception, females expressed stronger levels of each than did males. Younger respondents tended to rank tortoises higher than other pets whereas older respondents ranked them lower. Future research should investigate longitudinal and other aspects of tortoise caretaking.","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000779
Patricia Crowley-Robinson, J. Blackshaw
ABSTRACTThe study was conducted at the Returned Soldiers League (RSL) War Veterans Home at Pinjarra Hills (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) where a spayed female Whippet, Heidi, was placed as a therapy dog. Of the 80 staff members, 47 (58.75%) returned completed questionnaires on attitudes towards Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) programs and the disappearance of Heidi two days after placement. The Pet Attitude Scale (Templer et al. 1981) was used in conjunction with the staff attitude questionnaire.Respondents with high Pet Attitude scores were more upset (χ2(2)=8.41, p<0.05) and liked dogs more (χ2(2)=7.03, p<0.05) than staff with medium or low scores. The staff with high scores were also more pleased when Heidi returned (χ2(1)=15.97, p<0.05). Respondents who wanted a program were those who liked dogs the most (χ2(1)=7.02, p<0.05) and did not think having an AAT program would increase their workload (χ2(1)=3.77, p<0.05). Staff who thought a dog should live at the nursing home were pleased (χ2(1)=5.2, p<0.0...
{"title":"Nursing Home Staffs' Empathy for a Missing Therapy Dog, their Attitudes to Animal-Assisted Therapy Programs and Suitable Dog Breeds","authors":"Patricia Crowley-Robinson, J. Blackshaw","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000779","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe study was conducted at the Returned Soldiers League (RSL) War Veterans Home at Pinjarra Hills (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) where a spayed female Whippet, Heidi, was placed as a therapy dog. Of the 80 staff members, 47 (58.75%) returned completed questionnaires on attitudes towards Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) programs and the disappearance of Heidi two days after placement. The Pet Attitude Scale (Templer et al. 1981) was used in conjunction with the staff attitude questionnaire.Respondents with high Pet Attitude scores were more upset (χ2(2)=8.41, p<0.05) and liked dogs more (χ2(2)=7.03, p<0.05) than staff with medium or low scores. The staff with high scores were also more pleased when Heidi returned (χ2(1)=15.97, p<0.05). Respondents who wanted a program were those who liked dogs the most (χ2(1)=7.02, p<0.05) and did not think having an AAT program would increase their workload (χ2(1)=3.77, p<0.05). Staff who thought a dog should live at the nursing home were pleased (χ2(1)=5.2, p<0.0...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"101-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000742
T. Bjerke, Toril S. Ødegårdstuen, B. Kaltenborn
ABSTRACTAttitudes towards a wide range of animals were measured among a sample of 562 children and adolescents, aged between 9 and 15 years, from one urban and two rural areas in Southern Norway. The respondents completed a questionnaire based on Kellert's (1996) attitude typology toward animals. The results showed that the humanistic attitude type ranked first, followed by the moralistic, ecologistic, naturalistic, negativistic, dominionistic, and utilitarian attitude types. Gender differences appeared on the moralistic and negativistic (girls highest), and the naturalistic, dominionistic, and utilitarian (boys highest) sub-scales. Scores on the ecologistic, naturalistic, and dominionistic sub-scales decreased with increasing age. Urban respondents had higher moralistic, and rural respondents had higher dominionistic sub-scale scores. Respondents who owned a pet had higher humanistic, moralistic, and lower utilitarian sub-scale scores than had non-owners.
{"title":"Attitudes Toward Animals Among Norwegian Adolescents","authors":"T. Bjerke, Toril S. Ødegårdstuen, B. Kaltenborn","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000742","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTAttitudes towards a wide range of animals were measured among a sample of 562 children and adolescents, aged between 9 and 15 years, from one urban and two rural areas in Southern Norway. The respondents completed a questionnaire based on Kellert's (1996) attitude typology toward animals. The results showed that the humanistic attitude type ranked first, followed by the moralistic, ecologistic, naturalistic, negativistic, dominionistic, and utilitarian attitude types. Gender differences appeared on the moralistic and negativistic (girls highest), and the naturalistic, dominionistic, and utilitarian (boys highest) sub-scales. Scores on the ecologistic, naturalistic, and dominionistic sub-scales decreased with increasing age. Urban respondents had higher moralistic, and rural respondents had higher dominionistic sub-scale scores. Respondents who owned a pet had higher humanistic, moralistic, and lower utilitarian sub-scale scores than had non-owners.","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000751
A. J. Fridlund, Melissa MacDonald
ABSTRACTApproaches by human passers-by to a Golden Retriever puppy with a human companion were tallied as the puppy aged from ten weeks to 33 weeks. Over this period, approaches were most numerous when the puppy was youngest, with females approaching more than males during the first half of sampling, but equaling male approaches during the second half. Both the number of human approaches and the proportions of males and females were independent of the sex of the puppy's human companion. The results suggest a human, and especially a female, preference for canine juvenescence.
{"title":"Approaches to Goldie: A Field Study of Human Approach Responses to Canine Juvenescence","authors":"A. J. Fridlund, Melissa MacDonald","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000751","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTApproaches by human passers-by to a Golden Retriever puppy with a human companion were tallied as the puppy aged from ten weeks to 33 weeks. Over this period, approaches were most numerous when the puppy was youngest, with females approaching more than males during the first half of sampling, but equaling male approaches during the second half. Both the number of human approaches and the proportions of males and females were independent of the sex of the puppy's human companion. The results suggest a human, and especially a female, preference for canine juvenescence.","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000850
D. Davis
ABSTRACTInteractions between tourists and marine animals have become increasingly popular in recent years. Since 1993 a new tourism industry, based on swimming with whale sharks, has developed in Ningaloo Marine Park, off the coast of Western Australia. This is the only known, accessible place in the world where whale sharks congregate in significant numbers. Certain results from surveys of participants in the ‘whale shark experience,’ undertaken in 1995 and 1996, are reported, with a focus on management questions relating to human-to-shark separation distances, swimmers making contact with sharks, satisfaction with the experience, and the numbers of swimmers in the water. While the rules on separation distances were changed between the years, statistical analyses indicate that satisfaction with the experience did not change (F(1,671)=1.25, p>0.05). Resulting from the rule changes, swimmers did not get so close to sharks in 1996 (F(1,671)=273.41, p<0.05), nor were they as concerned about the number of oth...
{"title":"Whale Shark Tourism in Ningaloo Marine Park, Australia","authors":"D. Davis","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000850","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTInteractions between tourists and marine animals have become increasingly popular in recent years. Since 1993 a new tourism industry, based on swimming with whale sharks, has developed in Ningaloo Marine Park, off the coast of Western Australia. This is the only known, accessible place in the world where whale sharks congregate in significant numbers. Certain results from surveys of participants in the ‘whale shark experience,’ undertaken in 1995 and 1996, are reported, with a focus on management questions relating to human-to-shark separation distances, swimmers making contact with sharks, satisfaction with the experience, and the numbers of swimmers in the water. While the rules on separation distances were changed between the years, statistical analyses indicate that satisfaction with the experience did not change (F(1,671)=1.25, p>0.05). Resulting from the rule changes, swimmers did not get so close to sharks in 1996 (F(1,671)=273.41, p<0.05), nor were they as concerned about the number of oth...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000904
R. Perrine, Hannah L. Osbourne
The present study explored personality differences between dog persons and cat persons. Participants (n=126) identified themselves as either a dog person, cat person, both or neither, and rated their own masculinity, femininity, independence, dominance and athleticism. Participants also read a description of a person who was labelled either dog person or cat person, and rated this person on these same personality characteristics. Results showed that females were more likely to label themselves cat persons than were males. Quality of past experience with dogs and cats was related to current ownership of dogs and cats. There were no personality differences between dog/cat owners versus non owners. However, there were personality differences between self-labelled dog versus cat persons. In addition, others attributed different personality characteristics to dog versus cat persons, often as a function of gender. The real versus perceived differences in personality were not the same.
{"title":"Personality Characteristics of Dog and Cat Persons","authors":"R. Perrine, Hannah L. Osbourne","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000904","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explored personality differences between dog persons and cat persons. Participants (n=126) identified themselves as either a dog person, cat person, both or neither, and rated their own masculinity, femininity, independence, dominance and athleticism. Participants also read a description of a person who was labelled either dog person or cat person, and rated this person on these same personality characteristics. Results showed that females were more likely to label themselves cat persons than were males. Quality of past experience with dogs and cats was related to current ownership of dogs and cats. There were no personality differences between dog/cat owners versus non owners. However, there were personality differences between self-labelled dog versus cat persons. In addition, others attributed different personality characteristics to dog versus cat persons, often as a function of gender. The real versus perceived differences in personality were not the same.","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69263094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}