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Formation the Image of the Future in Modern Russia: Mass Dynamics and the Role of the State 现代俄罗斯未来形象的形成:大众动力与国家的作用
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.4.1
Victor V. Titov
The article is devoted to the problem of forming the image of the future in Russia in the late 2010s – early 2020s. The above problem is considered from two perspectives: from the point of view of factors influencing the crystallization of Russians’ perceptions of the collective future, and in the context of the state policy of constructing the image of the future. It is stated that the fragmentation of the image of the future in modern Russia is due to such factors as the complex nature of Russian society and its generational specifics, the intensive digital transformation of the socio-political environment, the lack of horizontal and vertical social trust, the eclecticism of political values and hypertrophied retrospective orientations of mass consciousness. It is pointed out that the state policy of constructing a national image of the future in today’s Russia is characterized by an insufficient level of institutionalization and elaboration. At the same time, in the semantic sense, at the turn of the 2010–2020s it was consistently aimed at actualizing such mass political values as paternalism, social justice and improving the quality of life. It is emphasized that the political events of the early 2020s were a stress factor for the Russian society and had a serious impact on Russians’ perceptions of the country’s future. Therefore, the role of the state policy of constructing the image of the future as a key tool for the value-semantic consolidation of Russian society is significantly increasing.
文章主要探讨了 2010 年代末至 2020 年代初俄罗斯未来形象的形成问题。文章从两个角度对上述问题进行了探讨:一是从影响俄罗斯人对集体未来看法的具体化的因素角度出发,二是从构建未来形象的国家政策角度出发。报告指出,现代俄罗斯未来形象的分裂是由于俄罗斯社会的复杂性及其代际特征、社会政治环境的密集数字化转型、缺乏横向和纵向的社会信任、政治价值观的折衷主义以及大众意识的过度追溯等因素造成的。报告指出,在当今俄罗斯,构建国家未来形象的国家政策在制度化和精细化方面存在不足。同时,从语义上讲,在 2010-2020 年代之交,该政策始终旨在实现家长制、社会公正和提高生活质量等大众政治价值观。需要强调的是,2020 年代初的政治事件是俄罗斯社会的压力因素,严重影响了俄罗斯人对国家未来的看法。因此,作为巩固俄罗斯社会价值意识形态的重要工具,构建未来形象的国家政策的作用正在显著增强。
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引用次数: 0
Political Opportunities and Risks of Opening the Zangezur Corridor, Its Role in Increasing Transport Connectivity in the South Caucasus 开放赞格祖尔走廊的政治机遇和风险及其在提高南高加索地区运输连通性方面的作用
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.4.6
Shovgin I. ogly Karimov
This article assesses the potential of using the Zangezur corridor linking the main territory of Azerbaijan with the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (NAR) within the framework of the West-East international transport corridor projects. The key risks of implementing this project in the absence of a peace treaty between Armenia and Azerbaijan and the incompleteness of the border delimitation process are highlighted. The positions of other parties interested in increasing transport connectivity in the South Caucasus – Turkey, Iran and Russia – are analyzed. It is stated that the main problem in the implementation of the Zangezur corridor is the lack of trust between Azerbaijan and Armenia, as well as the risk that Azerbaijan’s control over traffic along the route could be used to distort the existing balance of power in the region. The solution to these problems is proposed through the creation of a platform for constructive dialogue between Armenia, Azerbaijan and stakeholders on general issues of Armenian-Azerbaijani relations, including the corridor issue. The creation of an alternative route through Iran is also seen as an adequate solution in case Armenia is not ready for agreements.
本文评估了在西-东国际运输走廊项目框架内利用连接阿塞拜疆主要领土和纳希切万自治共和国(NAR)的赞格祖尔走廊的潜力。强调了在亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆未签署和平条约以及边界划定进程尚未完成的情况下 实施该项目的主要风险。分析了对加强南高加索地区运输连通性感兴趣的其他各方--土耳其、伊朗和俄罗 斯--的立场。报告指出,实施赞格祖尔走廊的主要问题是阿塞拜疆和亚美尼亚之间缺乏信任,以及阿塞拜疆对沿线交通的控制可能被用来扭曲该地区现有的力量平衡。为解决这些问题,建议在亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆和利益攸关方之间建立一个平台,就亚美尼亚-阿塞拜疆关系的一般问题,包括走廊问题进行建设性对话。在亚美尼亚尚未准备好达成协议的情况下,建立一条通过伊朗的替代路线也被视为一个适当的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of JSC “RSMB Corporation” on the Development of Small and Medium Enterprise in Russia by the Example of Independent Guarantees 以独立担保为例,"RSMB 公司 "股份公司对俄罗斯中小企业发展的影响
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.4.11
Bulat A. Abdulmanov
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the Russian economy, contributing to GDP growth, creating new jobs and increasing the competitiveness of the economy. The state recognizes the importance of SMEs in the country’s economy, therefore it provides many support measures through various development institutions in the field of supporting SMEs. The article examines the impact of providing independent guarantees to JSC “RSMB Corporation” to SMEs. The study was conducted using the econometric package Econometric Views using the least squares method. It has been proven that the provision of independent guarantees by JSC “RSMB Corporation” to SMEs has a positive impact on the growth of tax deductions for SMEs (legal entities) in Russia. High interest rates on loans have a negative impact on the development of SMEs, which affects the reduction of tax deductions for SMEs (legal entities) in Russia. The results of the study can be the basis for the development and improvement of support and lending programs for SMEs.
中小型企业(SMEs)在俄罗斯经济中发挥着重要作用,促进了国内生产总值的增长,创造了新的就业机会,提高了经济竞争力。国家认识到中小企业在国家经济中的重要性,因此在支持中小企业领域通过各种发展机构提供了许多支持措施。本文研究了向 JSC "RSMB 公司 "提供独立担保对中小企业的影响。研究使用计量经济学软件包《计量经济学观点》,采用最小二乘法进行。研究证明,"RSMB 公司 "股份公司向中小企业提供独立担保对俄罗斯中小企业(法人实体)的减税增长具有积极影响。高贷款利率对中小企业的发展产生了负面影响,从而影响了俄罗斯中小企业(法人实体)减免税额的减少。研究结果可作为制定和完善中小企业支持和贷款计划的依据。
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引用次数: 0
International Pressure and Sanctions as a Tool to Force the Opposing Forces in Sudan to Peace 将国际压力和制裁作为迫使苏丹反对派实现和平的工具
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.4.3
Mohammed H. Mohammed AbdAlwahid
This article examines the impact of international pressure and the application of sanctions in the context of ethno-political conflict resolution in the Republic of Sudan. The author analyzes the effectiveness of international intervention in the settlement of the civil confrontation in the country and its influence on ensuring compliance with international norms and standards. Particular attention is paid to the role of the United States of America and international organizations in assisting in conflict resolution and preventing the country’s disintegration. Cases of unsuccessful sanctions in the context of the Sudanese conflict are analyzed, evaluating their impact on the opposing parties. Highlighting the inefficacy of external economic pressure on Sudan in perpetuating internal conflicts, the article suggests a comprehensive examination of factors influencing the effectiveness of international measures. It calls for collective efforts from the international community to facilitate transparent internal negotiations aimed at constructively developing reform provisions within the country.
本文探讨了在苏丹共和国解决民族政治冲突过程中国际压力和制裁的影响。作者分析了国际干预在解决该国国内对抗中的有效性及其对确保遵守国际准则和标准的影响。作者特别关注美利坚合众国和国际组织在协助解决冲突和防止国家解体方面的作用。分析了苏丹冲突中制裁失败的案例,评估了制裁对冲突各方的影响。文章强调了对苏丹施加外部经济压力在延续内部冲突方面的无效性,建议对影响国际措施有效性的因素进行全面审查。文章呼吁国际社会做出集体努力,促进旨在建设性地制定国内改革规定的透明内部谈判。
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引用次数: 0
The Biden Administration’s Main Position on Sino-American Relations 拜登政府对中美关系的主要立场
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.4.8
Fengting Zhu
The Biden administration’s concepts and perceptions of China policy, as well as its future attitude and stance toward the development of Sino-US relations, will have a direct impact on the dynamics and development process of Sino-US relations. This article aims to discover the main provisions of the D. Biden administration’s strategy implemented in the relations between Washington and Beijing. The sentiments in the American society characterizing the peculiarities of interaction between the two countries are considered; the discussion of strategic priorities of American politicians of different ideological commitment is noted. From the perspective of the current domestic political environment, China’s strategic positioning, the strategic construction of Sino-US relations, and the prediction of the future of Sino-US relations are the subject of endless debates in political, academic, and strategic circles. The Biden administration’s understanding and perception of China is in a state of flux, and its attitude and position on some issues of Sino-US relations also give the impression of uncertainty. The extent to which these issues affect Sino-US relations, as well as how China and the US should rationally understand and deal with these issues, require strategic reflection and study.
拜登政府对华政策的理念和认识,以及未来对中美关系发展的态度和立场,将直接影响中美关系的动态和发展进程。本文旨在探讨拜登政府在华盛顿与北京关系中实施的对华战略的主要内容。文章考虑了美国社会对两国互动特殊性的看法,讨论了美国不同意识形态政治家的战略重点。从当前的国内政治环境来看,中国的战略定位、中美关系的战略构建以及中美关系的未来预测是政界、学术界和战略界争论不休的话题。拜登政府对中国的理解和认识处于变化之中,在中美关系的一些问题上的态度和立场也给人一种不确定的感觉。这些问题在多大程度上影响中美关系,以及中美双方应如何理性认识和处理这些问题,都需要进行战略思考和研究。
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引用次数: 0
Functional Relationship of Elements of Political Infrastructure 政治基础设施要素的功能关系
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.4.4
E. N. Shchegolev
The article delves into the functional relationship between the elements of political infrastructure, which is the entire array of tools that allow interaction between political power and civil society. On the one hand, these are tools at the disposal of political institutions (state, political parties, other institutions of political representation). These tools are specific, and the algorithms for their use are reflected in the legal framework of the state. On the other hand, this array also includes not always obvious and tangible means of influencing the consciousness, perception and behavior of citizens, which are contained in the political culture that integrates ideologies, political archetypes, and distinctive features of mentality. In addition, the new technological conditions of digitalization have become a “great challenge” both for the individual behavior of citizens and for the transformation of their interaction among themselves and with political authorities. In order to transform this challenge into an opportunity for development, political infrastructure participants should be involved in the development and evaluation of alternatives for the optimal development of territories and, consequently, the state as a whole.
文章深入探讨了政治基础设施各要素之间的功能关系,即允许政治权力与民间社会互动的一系列工具。一方面,这些是政治机构(国家、政党、其他政治代表机构)可以使用的工具。这些工具是特定的,其使用算法反映在国家的法律框架中。另一方面,这一系列工具还包括影响公民意识、观念和行为的并不总是显而易见和有形的手段,这些手段包含在融合了意识形态、政治原型和心理特征的政治文化中。此外,数字化的新技术条件对公民的个人行为以及公民之间和公民与政治当局之间的互动变革都是一个 "巨大的挑战"。为了将这一挑战转化为发展机遇,政治基础设施的参与者应参与制定和评估各种备选方案,以实现地区乃至整个国家的最佳发展。
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引用次数: 0
The Ideological and Political Spectrum: General Methodological Context and the Situation in Modern Russia 意识形态和政治光谱:现代俄罗斯的总体方法论背景和形势
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.4.2
V. V. Mikheeva
The concept of the “ideological and political spectrum” in the political science literature is used to describe various ideologies and their propagators, such as political parties and social movements. However, there is no single definition of this term. In fact, the ideological and political spectrum reflects the diversity of political parties or their counterparts. As a rule, this refers to the main characteristic of the internal structure of the ideological and political scale, that is, the positioning of parties and social movements based on the right-left spectrum. The aim of the article is to identify the specifics of the tradition of distinguishing between right-wing and left-wing political parties in the methodological context. Objectives: to identify the basic principles on the basis of which certain political parties belong to the right or left political spectrum; to consider the situation of differentiation between left and right in the Russian political field. It is concluded that there is practically no division between left and right in Russian society. A significant part of respondents in the Russian Federation are unaware of the differences between right-wing or left-wing parties, which indicates a low level of their political awareness. It is stated that the main feature of the majority of political parties in modern Russia is a gravitation towards values and principles, rather than ideological doctrines.
政治学文献中的 "意识形态和政治光谱 "概念用于描述各种意识形态及其传播者,如政党和社会运动。然而,这一术语并没有统一的定义。事实上,意识形态和政治光谱反映了政党或其对应方的多样性。通常,这是指意识形态和政治光谱内部结构的主要特征,即政党和社会运动基于左右光谱的定位。本文旨在从方法论的角度确定区分右翼和左翼政党传统的具体内容。目标:确定某些政党属于右翼或左翼政治光谱所依据的基本原则;考虑俄罗斯政治领域中左翼和右翼的区分情况。结论:俄罗斯社会实际上不存在左派和右派之分。俄罗斯联邦相当一部分受访者不知道右翼或左翼政党之间的区别,这表明他们的政治意识水平较低。据称,现代俄罗斯大多数政党的主要特点是倾向于价值观和原则,而不是意识形态理论。
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical and Methodological Foundations for Studying the Process of Perception of University Worldview Courses by Students (Using the Example of the Course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood”) 研究学生对大学世界观课程认知过程的理论和方法论基础(以 "俄罗斯国家基础 "课程为例)
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.3.9
Anastasia A. Vilkova
This research paper is devoted to the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the perception of university worldview courses by students on the example of the course “Fundamentals of Russian State-hood”. The paper examines the key theoretical approaches to the analysis of the perception process, the socio-psychological features of the formation of the worldview of students, as well as the main political and psycho-logical approaches to assessing and measuring this perception. Particular attention is paid to the political con-text and the role of knowledge in the construction of objective reality. It is assumed that the study of the course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood” can contribute to the formation of students not only an understanding of the state system as a whole, but also the development of critical thinking, traditional value orientations and pat-riotic civic identity. The results of the study will be of practical importance for improving the educational process and stimulating an active civic position, taking into account the specific features of the youth audience.
本研究论文以 "俄罗斯国家地位基础 "课程为例,专门研究学生对大学世界观课程认知的理论和方法论基础。论文研究了分析认知过程的主要理论方法、学生世界观形成的社会心理特征以及评估和衡量这种认知的主要政治和心理逻辑方法。特别关注政治背景和知识在构建客观现实中的作用。我们认为,"俄罗斯国情基础 "课程的学习不仅有助于学生形成对整个国家制度的理解,还有助于培养批判性思维、传统价值取向和爱国公民身份。考虑到青年受众的具体特点,研究结果将对改进教育过程和激发积极的公民立场具有重要的现实意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Renewable Energy Sources on Energy Security 可再生能源对能源安全的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.3.4
O. Khlopov
The article examines the content of energy security, which is an important basis for the state in implementing its energy policy. Advances in technology, climate change and environmental issues are leading to fundamental transformations in global politics and energy. Consumption tradition energy sources (oil and gas, coal) is grad-ually being replaced by renewable energy sources (RES). Today, as the calls are growing in many countries for an accelerated transition for widespread use of new energy sources, data shows that energy demand has been growing in recent years. This means that traditional energy sources are expected to maintain their dominant role over the next two decades. The author notes that the new energy transition is accompanied by the desire of hydrocarbon importers to reduce energy dependence on supplier countries, the desire of leading states to find new sources of economic growth, as well as a revision of the content of energy security in the context of in-creasing strategic competition.
文章探讨了能源安全的内涵,它是国家实施能源政策的重要依据。技术进步、气候变化和环境问题正在导致全球政治和能源发生根本性转变。传统能源(石油和天然气、煤炭)的消耗正逐渐被可再生能源(RES)所取代。如今,许多国家要求加快转型以广泛使用新能源的呼声日益高涨,数据显示,近年来能源需求一直在增长。这意味着传统能源在未来二十年内仍将占据主导地位。作者指出,在新能源转型的同时,碳氢化合物进口国希望减少对供应国的能源依赖,主要国家希望找到新的经济增长点,以及在战略竞争不断加剧的背景下对能源安全的内容进行修订。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of the United States in Ensuring Energy Security of the Federal Republic of Germany 美国在确保德意志联邦共和国能源安全方面的作用
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.3.8
Ilya B. Balashov
The United States is striving to confirm the status of a world leader in the field of traditional energy and consid-ers cooperation with the European Union (EU) in this area a priority. The aim of this study is to identify existing and potential problems of modern energy cooperation between the United States and Germany. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the identified problems can become the basis for refuting the view, popular in the scientific and analytical community, of the United States as the main guarantor of the energy security of the EU and, consequently, Germany at the present stage of superpolarization of the world order. An analysis of energy (gas) cooperation between the USA and Germany was carried out to identify the possibility of ensuring Germa-ny’s energy security through American liquefied natural gas (LNG). The theoretical and methodological founda-tions for studying energy issues in international politics are described, incorporating selected approaches into the study that allow analysis using the logical method and the modeling method. Based on the root causes of energy cooperation between the United States and Germany, its modern aspects are studied. The practical significance delves into the fact that the materials and conclusions can be used to further study and analyze the issue of ensuring Germany’s energy security.
美国正努力巩固其在传统能源领域的世界领导者地位,并将与欧盟(EU)在该领域的合作视为优先事项。本研究的目的是找出美国和德国在现代能源合作方面的现有问题和潜在问题。其科学新颖性在于,所发现的问题可以成为驳斥科学界和分析界流行的观点的基础,即美国是欧盟能源安全的主要保障者,因此在世界秩序超极化的现阶段,德国也是欧盟能源安全的主要保障者。对美国和德国之间的能源(天然气)合作进行了分析,以确定通过美国液化天然气(LNG)确保德国能源安全的可能性。本文阐述了研究国际政治中的能源问题的理论和方法论基础,并在研究中采用了可使用逻辑方法和建模方法进行分析的选定方法。以美国和德国之间能源合作的根本原因为基础,对其现代方面进行了研究。研究的实际意义在于,这些材料和结论可用于进一步研究和分析确保德国能源安全的问题。
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引用次数: 0
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