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Methodology for Assessing the State of the Geo-Economic Component of the Russian Federation’s Economic Sovereignty 评估俄罗斯联邦经济主权的地缘经济组成部分状况的方法
Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.5.6
Sergei V. Chichilimov
The assessment of economic sovereignty in the context of modern geopolitical challenges is essential for understanding the dynamics of international relations. Sanctions have become the primary tool of coercion against competitors within the framework of the established policy of neo-protectionism in the XX–XXI centuries. In the face of escalating sanction pressure on the Russian Federation in 2022–2023, studying international experience in counter-sanction policies becomes relevant. This study examines the main vectors for enhancing the resistance of the economic system in the practices of Iran, the People’s Republic of China, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and the Republic of South Africa. A possible way to counteract sanctions pressure is to initiate a policy aimed at increasing the country’s economic resilience. The author’s methodology for assessing the state of the three political economic sovereignties of the Russian Federation is proposed. The methodology is applied in the article to the example of the geo-economic component over the period of 2015–2021. It is demonstrated that the initial resistance for the geo-economic component of economic sovereignty has not been achieved. Moreover, specific directions for increasing the level of sustainability in the context of the geo-economic component are proposed. By adapting lessons from international experiences, the Russian Federation can strengthen its economic sovereignty and navigate global challenges more effectively.
在现代地缘政治挑战的背景下评估经济主权对于了解国际关系的动态至关重要。在二十至二十一世纪新保护主义的既定政策框架内,制裁已成为胁迫竞争对手的主要工具。2022-2023 年,俄罗斯联邦将面临不断升级的制裁压力,因此研究反制裁政策的国际经验具有重要意义。本研究探讨了伊朗、中华人民共和国、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国和南非共和国在实践中增强经济体系抵抗力的主要途径。抵消制裁压力的一个可行方法是启动一项旨在增强国家经济抵御能力的政策。作者提出了评估俄罗斯联邦三个政治经济主权国家状况的方法。文章将该方法应用于 2015-2021 年地缘经济部分的实例。结果表明,经济主权中地缘经济部分的初始阻力尚未实现。此外,文章还提出了提高地缘经济部分可持续性水平的具体方向。通过借鉴国际经验,俄罗斯联邦可以加强其经济主权,更有效地应对全球挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation Policy of Russia’s National Healthcare Projects 俄罗斯国家医疗项目的实施政策
Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.5.1
Carl H.O. Etchue
This article highlights the government policy of the Russian Federation within the framework of implementing the National Healthcare Project aimed at improving the health of the working-age population, increasing the average life expectancy of Russians to 80 years, reducing infant mortality, combating cardiovascular diseases, and the spread of malignant neoplasms. It is established that the Russian state actively participates in creating prerequisites for further modernization of the healthcare sector through the current implementation of the National Healthcare Project. However, additional and coordinated efforts of various subjects of the Russian Federation and regions in the implementation of the Healthcare Project are needed to achieve more effective results and fulfill the set tasks in time. Despite progress in healthcare reform, significant challenges persist. These include inadequate funding, especially in the public sector, which results in low salaries for healthcare professionals and limited access to essential medical equipment and facilities. Additionally, there is a shortage of skilled personnel, exacerbated by the preference of young doctors for private practice over public service. The aging population further strains healthcare resources, necessitating specialized care for elderly citizens. In conclusion, the successful implementation of National Healthcare Projects in Russia requires concerted efforts from government agencies, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders. Addressing funding shortages, improving workforce retention, and meeting the needs of an aging population are essential steps towards achieving the goals outlined in the National Healthcare Project.
本文重点介绍了俄罗斯联邦政府在实施 "国家医疗保健计划 "框架内的政策,该计划旨在提高劳动适龄人口的健康水平,将俄罗斯人的平均预期寿命延长至 80 岁,降低婴儿死亡率,防治心血管疾病和恶性肿瘤的传播。目前,俄罗斯通过实施 "国家医疗保健项目",积极参与为医疗保健领域的进一步现代化创造先决条件。然而,为了取得更有效的成果并按时完成既定任务,还需要俄罗斯联邦各主体和各地区在实施 "医 疗保健项目 "方面做出更多协调努力。尽管医疗改革取得了进展,但仍存在重大挑战。这些挑战包括资金不足,尤其是公共部门的资金不足,导致医疗专业人员工资低,获得基本医疗设备和设施的机会有限。此外,由于年轻医生更愿意选择私人执业而非公共服务,导致技术人员短缺。人口老龄化进一步加剧了医疗资源的紧张,需要为老年公民提供专门的护理。总之,在俄罗斯成功实施国家医疗保健项目需要政府机构、医疗保健提供者和其他利益相关者的共同努力。解决资金短缺问题、提高劳动力保留率以及满足人口老龄化的需求是实现国家医疗保健项目目标的关键步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of Investment Policy Methodology in the Social Strategy of Flax and Economic Development of Regions 亚麻社会战略和地区经济发展中投资政策方法的形成
Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.5.3
Natalya S. Frolova
This article examines the application of scientific methodological approaches to the study of investment policy in the strategy of socio-economic development of regions: aspectual, conceptual, systemic, teleological, institutional, as well as economic growth. Analysis of the stated topic from the perspective of methodological approaches makes it possible to study the problems of the issue from various sides, identify problem areas, and formulate conceptual provisions of scientific research. In the process of applying a systematic approach, it is impossible to consider investment policy without taking it into account at the macro level. It is also necessary to work out the issue from the standpoint of the conceptual apparatus for the correct interpretation of future research results. It is worth noting that the study of investment policy as a factor in regional economic growth allows for the formulation of an identical methodological approach. Without an institutional methodological approach, the exploration of the issues outlined in this article is also impossible. The main conclusion is the importance of using the complexity of the applied scientific methodological approaches in the ongoing research. This comprehensive approach facilitates the identification of key challenges, formulation of strategic recommendations, and enhancement of policy effectiveness in achieving desired development outcomes.
本文探讨了在研究地区社会经济发展战略中的投资政策时应用科学方法论的问题:方面、概念、系统、目的论、制度以及经济增长。从方法论的角度对所述主题进行分析,可以从不同侧面研究该问题,确定问题领域,并制定科学研究的概念规定。在采用系统方法的过程中,不可能不考虑宏观层面的投资政策。同时,为了正确解释未来的研究成果,有必要从概念装置的角度来研究这个问题。值得注意的是,将投资政策作为地区经济增长的一个因素来研究,可以制定一种相同的方法论。没有制度方法论,也就不可能对本文概述的问题进行探讨。主要结论是,在当前研究中使用复杂的应用科学方法论的重要性。这种综合方法有助于确定关键挑战、制定战略建议和提高政策效力,以实现预期的发展成果。
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引用次数: 0
Fertilizer Market Crisis and Its Impact on Food Security in Sub-Saharan African Countries 化肥市场危机及其对撒哈拉以南非洲国家粮食安全的影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.5.11
Vsevolod D. Spirenkov
The stability of the fertilizer market plays a critical role in ensuring food security, particularly in regions heavily reliant on agriculture such as Sub-Saharan Africa. However, the recent fertilizer market crisis has underscored the vulnerability of African countries to external shocks, exacerbating existing challenges related to food production and access. The article examines the assessment of the role of the fertilizer market crisis of 2022–2023 in exacerbating the food security situation in Sub-Saharan African countries. The findings suggest that the increase in the number of people experiencing malnutrition, reaching 262 million individuals (23 % of the population) in 2022 in Sub-Saharan Africa, is largely attributed to the inability to enhance domestic agricultural production. In turn, events in the fertilizer market, leading to a reduction in available supply and price hikes in the global market, hindered African farmers from increasing fertilizer application to boost crop yields. The article also conducts an analysis of factors that prevented African countries from adapting to the fertilizer market crisis, drawing comparisons with developed nations. Addressing the fertilizer market crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa requires a multi-faceted approach that involves improving domestic fertilizer production capacity, enhancing agricultural extension services, and promoting sustainable farming practices. Furthermore, there is a need for increased collaboration between governments, international organizations, and the private sector to develop long-term solutions that strengthen food security and resilience in the face of future challenges.
化肥市场的稳定在确保粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用,尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲等严重依赖农业的地区。然而,最近的化肥市场危机凸显了非洲国家对外部冲击的脆弱性,加剧了与粮食生产和获取相关的现有挑战。本文探讨了对 2022-2023 年化肥市场危机在加剧撒哈拉以南非洲国家粮食安全状况方面所起作用的评估。研究结果表明,2022 年撒哈拉以南非洲地区营养不良人数将达到 2.62 亿人(占总人口的 23%),营养不良人数的增加在很大程度上归因于国内农业生产无法提高。反过来,化肥市场发生的事件导致可用供应减少和全球市场价格上涨,阻碍了非洲农民增加化肥施用量以提高作物产量。文章还分析了阻碍非洲国家适应化肥市场危机的因素,并与发达国家进行了比较。解决撒哈拉以南非洲的化肥市场危机需要采取多方面的方法,包括提高国内化肥生产能力、加强农业推广服务和推广可持续耕作方法。此外,还需要加强政府、国际组织和私营部门之间的合作,制定长期解决方案,以加强粮食安全和应对未来挑战的能力。
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引用次数: 0
The Phenomenon of the Dollar Paradox and Its Role in the Transformation of the Modern Global Monetary-Financial System 美元悖论现象及其在现代全球货币金融体系变革中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.5.10
Gandzhina Sh. Sindarova
Currently, fundamental transformations are occurring within the global monetary-financial system. Contrary to the prevalent belief in the decline of the dollar, this article seeks to demonstrate that the American currency exhibits adaptive properties, which solidify its position in the international financial system, albeit possibly at a lower level. The experiences of other countries in promoting their national currencies in the international exchange, trade, and investment systems indicate that all such attempts yield varying degrees of success. Regarding the life cycle of foreign currencies, they initially establish themselves rapidly, increasing their share in operations, but then quickly encounter a natural limit and retract within their respective countries. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the dollar primarily serves as the currency of developing countries, as they predominantly accumulate it. However, the sheer number of these states renders the probability of diversifying risks through potential alliances in the monetary-financial sphere against the dollar practically negligible, with rare exceptions such as the BRICS countries.
目前,全球货币金融体系正在发生根本性转变。与美元衰落的普遍看法相反,本文试图证明美国货币具有适应性,这巩固了其在国际金融体系中的地位,尽管可能是在较低的水平上。其他国家在国际交换、贸易和投资体系中推广本国货币的经验表明,所有这些尝试都取得了不同程度的成功。关于外国货币的生命周期,它们最初迅速确立自己的地位,增加其在业务中的份额,但随后很快遇到自然限制,并在各自国家内缩减。结论认为,美元主要是发展中国家的货币,因为它们主要积累美元。然而,这些国家的数量之多使得通过货币金融领域的潜在联盟来分散美元风险的可能性几乎可以忽略不计,只有金砖国家等极少数国家例外。
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引用次数: 0
Main Approaches in Information Support of Projects for Obtaining State Support by Non-Primary Sector Companies 非第一产业公司获得国家支持的项目信息支持的主要方法
Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.5.7
Artem I. Ageichev
The relevance of the chosen topic is justified by the need to research and develop measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of the unpredictable environment of the Russian economy in the face of overcoming economic sanctions. One of such measures of state support could be an information system for participants in foreign economic activity, taking into account the main approaches in information support of projects funded from the federal budget. The development of the system is based on marketing research of participants in foreign economic activity. As part of the development of measures of state support, market research includes expert assessment, methods of comparison and grouping, index method, and matrix algebra, i.e., it is based on methods of comprehensive analysis of economic activities. The tools under consideration allow forecasting practical results of project evaluation and analysis receiving state support. In conclusion, by integrating theoretical insights with practical methodologies, stakeholders can navigate complex economic environments and capitalize on emerging opportunities. Moving forward, continued research and innovation in information support systems will be essential for promoting sustainable development and resilience in the face of economic challenges.
所选主题的现实意义在于,在克服经济制裁的情况下,有必要研究和制定旨在减少俄罗斯经济不可预测环境的负面影响的措施。国家支持措施之一可以是为对外经济活动参与者建立信息系统,同时考虑到联邦预算资助项目信息支持的主要方法。该系统的开发以对外经济活动参与者的市场调研为基础。作为制定国家支持措施的一部分,市场研究包括专家评估、比较和分组方法、指数方法和矩阵代数,即以经济活动综合分析方法为基础。通过这些工具,可以对获得国家支持的项目评估和分析的实际结果进行预测。总之,通过将理论见解与实践方法相结合,利益相关者可以驾驭复杂的经济环境,抓住新出现的机遇。展望未来,信息支持系统的持续研究和创新对于促进可持续发展和面对经济挑战时的应变能力至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of Approaches to Innovation Policy in Healthcare in the Russian Federation, Europe and the USA 俄罗斯联邦、欧洲和美国医疗保健创新政策方法的比较分析
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.4.10
Maria V. Malyshkina
Innovations in health policy are critical to ensuring the delivery of high-quality, affordable and effective health services, consistent with the relevance of the research topic. The aim of this article is to determine the approaches to the interpretation of innovation policy in health care, as well as to consider specific problems of innovation policy of health care in the Russian Federation, European countries and the US. The study uses general scientific research methods: comparison, analysis, generalization, specification. Five directions of approaches to the definition of innovation policy in health care organizations are considered: systemic, market, patient-oriented, equity-oriented, as well as technological determinism. Specific problems of innovative healthcare policy in the Russian Federation, European countries and the USA are considered, and possible solutions to them are proposed. It is concluded that, regardless of the level of achievements in the field of innovation in health care, all countries are faced with a list of specific problems that require coordinated action in finding a joint solution for all stakeholders.
根据研究课题的相关性,医疗政策的创新对于确保提供优质、负担得起和有效的医疗服务至关重要。本文旨在确定解释医疗保健创新政策的方法,并探讨俄罗斯联邦、欧洲国家和美国医疗保健创新政策的具体问题。研究采用了一般的科学研究方法:比较、分析、概括、具体化。研究考虑了界定医疗机构创新政策的五个方向:系统、市场、以患者为导向、以公平为导向以及技术决定论。考虑了俄罗斯联邦、欧洲国家和美国创新医疗政策的具体问题,并提出了可能的解决方案。结论是,无论在医疗保健创新领域取得了多大的成就,所有国家都面临着一系列具体问题,需要采取协调行动,为所有利益相关者找到共同的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
The Main Directions for Improving the Special Legal Regimes in the Far East in Force of Stimulating Economic Activity 完善远东特别法律制度以刺激经济活动的主要方向
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.4.12
Ilya V. Stupin
The relevance of the topic is due to improve the special regimes of legal regulation of economic activity existing in the Far East – in order to create new drivers for the growth of the regional economy, especially in the context of external sanctions. The aim is to analyze the actions of the executive and legislative branches of government to improve the special legal regimes operating in the Far Eastern Federal District and to introduce new mechanisms. Materials for the study are official data, articles and scientific publications. Methods of comparative, system analysis were used. Results and conclusion: the main directions of systematic work to improve the existing special regimes of legal regulation (Advanced Special Economic Zones, the Free Port of Vladivostok, the Special Administrative Regime, the Kuril Islands of the Russian Federation) have been identified, hypotheses have been put forward about the main promising areas of this activity.
本专题的意义在于完善远东地区现有的经济活动法律调节特别制度,为地区经济增长创造新的动力,尤其是在外部制裁的背景下。本研究旨在分析政府行政和立法部门为完善远东联邦区现行特别法律制度和引入新机制所采取的行动。研究材料包括官方数据、文章和科学出版物。采用了比较分析和系统分析的方法。结果与结论:确定了完善现有特别法律制度(先进经济特区、符拉迪沃斯托克自由港、特别行 政制度、俄罗斯联邦千岛群岛)的系统性工作的主要方向,并就该活动的主要前景领域提出了假设。
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引用次数: 0
The Sami Issue in Modern Finnish Politics 现代芬兰政治中的萨米人问题
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.4.5
Anastasia A. Yulova
The Sami are the only recognised small indigenous people in Europe. In Finland, the Sami face systematic barriers to education, employment and access to cultural resources. Discrimination against the Sami also manifests itself in the form of negative stereotypes and prejudices, which creates social and economic inequalities. This article is devoted to the study of the problem of preserving the national identity of the Sami against the background of the global practice of integration policies. Aim – to characterise the violations of the fundamental rights of the Sami indigenous people and to identify opportunities for overcoming their discrimination in the Finnish community. Results: the paper presents the criteria for the definition of indigenous people, and also outlines the rights enshrined in the world’s recognised institutions: the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, as well as ILO Convention No. 169. The work studies the problems of ensuring equal provision of services in the Sami language, violation of the right to vote in the Sami Parliament, the right of ownership of land, and others. Conclusions: discrimination against the Sami in Finland is a serious problem that includes denial of access to land and resources, as well as insufficient protection and recognition of their rights.
萨米人是欧洲唯一得到承认的原住民。在芬兰,萨米人在教育、就业和获取文化资源方面面临系统性障碍。对萨米人的歧视还表现为负面的成见和偏见,这造成了社会和经济上的不平等。本文专门研究在全球一体化政策实践背景下保护萨米人民族特性的问题。目的--描述萨米土著人基本权利受到侵犯的特点,并确定在芬兰社会中消除对他们的歧视的机会。成果:文件介绍了土著人定义的标准,还概述了世界公认机构所规定的权利:《联合国土著人民权利宣言》以及《国际劳工组织第 169 号公约》。作品研究了确保以萨米语平等提供服务、侵犯萨米议会投票权、土地所有权等问题。结论:在芬兰,对萨米人的歧视是一个严重的问题,包括剥夺他们获得土地和资源的机会,以及对他们的权利保护和承认不够。
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引用次数: 0
Migration Crime as a Security Factor of the Russian Society: Current State and Ways of Minimization 作为俄罗斯社会安全因素的移民犯罪:现状和减少犯罪的方法
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2024.4.7
Timofey N. Potapov
The article considers the main trends in the sphere of migration crime on the territory of the Russian Federation. In the modern world, the migration agenda has acquired one of the most important values both in the practical activities of law enforcement agencies, state authorities, public organizations, and in the field of scientific analysis of the causes and consequences of migration. The topic of migration, primarily its external component, is of particular importance for the countries of the global north, including Russia, due to the homogeneity of international migration routes along the “South-North” route. Large migration flows, among other risks, carry security risks, especially if migrant donor countries are socio-culturally different from recipient countries. Unfortunately, this is largely the situation in modern Russia, which, together with the relatively lenient migration policy of recent years, has led to a number of high-profile illegal offenses involving migrants (for example, the riots in Kotelniki and at the Sadovod market). This, along with the general trend towards an increase in crimes involving foreigners discussed below, makes the topic of migration crime and the revision of migration policy in general relevant for modern Russia.
本文探讨了俄罗斯联邦境内移民犯罪领域的主要趋势。在当今世界,无论是在执法机构、国家机关、公共组织的实际活动中,还是在对移民的原因和后果进行科学分析的领域,移民议程都具有最重要的价值。由于 "南-北 "国际移民路线的同一性,移民问题,主要是其外部因素,对于包括俄罗斯在内的全球北方国家尤为重要。大规模移民潮,除其他风险外,还蕴含着安全风险,特别是如果移民捐助国与接收国的社会文化不同。不幸的是,现代俄罗斯的情况大体如此,再加上近年来相对宽松的移民政策,导致了一些备受瞩目的涉及移民的非法犯罪事件(例如,科捷尔尼基和萨多沃德市场的骚乱)。这一点,再加上下文讨论的涉及外国人的犯罪增加的总体趋势,使得移民犯罪和移民政策的修订成为现代俄罗斯的重要议题。
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引用次数: 0
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