Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07009
E. Donegani, H. Kocevar, A. Olsson, J. Paulo-Martin, A. Takibayev, C.A. Thomas, S. Meigo, Motoki Ooi, Haihua Niu, HongMing Xie, Bin Zhang, Anders Johansson, Markus Törmänen
This paper presents a detector developed to protect the ESS spallation target. The detector is installed to receive a proton beam that has a peak current of 62.5 mA, an average power of 5 MW, and energy up to 2 GeV. It is designed to detect any part of the proton beam that goes outside a defined aperture, which is deemed as an errant beam condition. This detector is mainly used for machine protection. The detector works based on two physical processes. The first process is the generation of current in metallic blades, which is proportional to the intercepting beam. The second process is heat load from the beam energy deposition in interacting thermocouples. The combination of these two signals allows the detection of events ranging from microseconds to several minutes. This paper also presents the design of the instrument, its efficiency, and its range of operation.
{"title":"Proton Beam APerture MoniTor instrument design and overview for the Commissioning and Operation of ESS High Power Beam on Target","authors":"E. Donegani, H. Kocevar, A. Olsson, J. Paulo-Martin, A. Takibayev, C.A. Thomas, S. Meigo, Motoki Ooi, Haihua Niu, HongMing Xie, Bin Zhang, Anders Johansson, Markus Törmänen","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a detector developed to protect the ESS spallation target. The detector is installed to receive a proton beam that has a peak current of 62.5 mA, an average power of 5 MW, and energy up to 2 GeV. It is designed to detect any part of the proton beam that goes outside a defined aperture, which is deemed as an errant beam condition. This detector is mainly used for machine protection. The detector works based on two physical processes. The first process is the generation of current in metallic blades, which is proportional to the intercepting beam. The second process is heat load from the beam energy deposition in interacting thermocouples. The combination of these two signals allows the detection of events ranging from microseconds to several minutes. This paper also presents the design of the instrument, its efficiency, and its range of operation.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"27 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/T07001
H. Dombrowski
As part of an evaluation of gamma-ray spectra or other spectra, the need to adapt the binning quasi-continuously may arise. Often, the re-distribution of measured events to a new energy scale may be required. The necessity to change the energy scale can have several reasons. Frequently, a drift of the detector or the amplifier leads to different energy scales of measured spectra in time. In order to calculate difference spectra or sum spectra, the energy axis and binning of all spectra has to be adapted. Moreover, before a spectrum is unfolded, its energy axis also has to be adapted to the energy scale of the response matrix. Widespread commercial software packages, which are commonly used for the analysis of spectra, do not include an algorithm which solves this task. Three algorithms are presented in this work after shedding light on the mathematical background. An analysis of the statistical uncertainty of the counts of re-binned or remapped spectra completes this paper.
{"title":"Quasi-continuous re-binning of measured spectra and associated uncertainties","authors":"H. Dombrowski","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/T07001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/T07001","url":null,"abstract":"As part of an evaluation of gamma-ray spectra or other spectra, the need to adapt the binning quasi-continuously may arise. Often, the re-distribution of measured events to a new energy scale may be required. The necessity to change the energy scale can have several reasons. Frequently, a drift of the detector or the amplifier leads to different energy scales of measured spectra in time. In order to calculate difference spectra or sum spectra, the energy axis and binning of all spectra has to be adapted. Moreover, before a spectrum is unfolded, its energy axis also has to be adapted to the energy scale of the response matrix. Widespread commercial software packages, which are commonly used for the analysis of spectra, do not include an algorithm which solves this task. Three algorithms are presented in this work after shedding light on the mathematical background. An analysis of the statistical uncertainty of the counts of re-binned or remapped spectra completes this paper.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"59 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07015
J. Melbinger, Christina Weiss, E. Griesmayer, E. Jericha, Dieter Hainz
The stability of the neutron response function and the detection efficiency of a sCVD diamond detector in the temperature range up to 200 °C are demonstrated in this paper. A CIVIDEC neutron detector was simultaneously heated with an AmBe neutron source. This enabled the measurement of the spectrum of the deposited energy in the diamond sensor, i.e. the neutron response function of the detector and the detection rate, which in combination represents the neutron flux as a function of temperature. The measured temperature stability of the neutron response function of the detector and detection rate demonstrates the suitability of sCVD diamond detectors for harsh environments, such as encountered in geodetic applications and nuclear fusion research.
本文展示了 sCVD 金刚石探测器在高达 200 °C 的温度范围内的中子响应函数稳定性和探测效率。CIVIDEC 中子探测器与 AmBe 中子源同时加热。这样就可以测量金刚石传感器中沉积能量的频谱，即探测器的中子响应函数和探测率，两者结合起来就代表了中子通量与温度的函数关系。探测器中子响应函数和探测率的温度稳定性测量结果表明，sCVD 金刚石探测器适用于恶劣环境，如大地测量应用和核聚变研究中遇到的环境。
{"title":"Diamond based neutron detector in high temperature environments of 200 °C","authors":"J. Melbinger, Christina Weiss, E. Griesmayer, E. Jericha, Dieter Hainz","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The stability of the neutron response function and the\u0000 detection efficiency of a sCVD diamond detector in the temperature\u0000 range up to 200 °C are demonstrated in this paper. A CIVIDEC\u0000 neutron detector was simultaneously heated with an AmBe neutron\u0000 source. This enabled the measurement of the spectrum of the\u0000 deposited energy in the diamond sensor, i.e. the neutron response\u0000 function of the detector and the detection rate, which in\u0000 combination represents the neutron flux as a function of\u0000 temperature. The measured temperature stability of the neutron\u0000 response function of the detector and detection rate demonstrates\u0000 the suitability of sCVD diamond detectors for harsh environments,\u0000 such as encountered in geodetic applications and nuclear fusion\u0000 research.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07008
Qiuyu Zhang, Enchen Wu, Wei Wang, Xiao Li, T. Ding, Xiaoye He
When the important components of the particle accelerator are installed, it is required to locate the instrument in the global coordinate system by measuring the control points of the surrounding tunnels, which involves the datumn transformation between the global coordinate system and the station coordinate system, and the selection of the transformation model has gradually become a potential breakthrough in solving the problem. Four different models euler angle, Rodrigues matrix, dual quaternion and twelve parameters are used to analyze and compare the solution parameters, accuracy index, iteration efficiency, and the number of selected common points of the four models with the measured data of 2022 Hefei Light Source summer. The results show that the deviation of the four model parameters from the SpatialAnalyzer commercial software is no more than 3 μm for the translation parameters, and no more than 0.6” for the rotation angle. Among them, the twelve-parameters and dual quaternion two models are theoretically rigorous, with high and stable accuracy indexes, and the twelve parameters posteriori unit weight mean error shows obvious advantages. The twelve parameters and Rodrigues models have fewer iterations and higher efficiency. In summary, the dual quaternion model and twelve parameters method are preferred in the absence of better initial values. In addition, in the process of datumn transformation, along with the increase of the number of common points, the accuracies of all four model solutions show an increasing trend of first fast and then slow.
{"title":"Research on datumn transformation model in particle accelerator component installation","authors":"Qiuyu Zhang, Enchen Wu, Wei Wang, Xiao Li, T. Ding, Xiaoye He","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When the important components of the particle accelerator\u0000 are installed, it is required to locate the instrument in the global\u0000 coordinate system by measuring the control points of the surrounding\u0000 tunnels, which involves the datumn transformation between the global\u0000 coordinate system and the station coordinate system, and the\u0000 selection of the transformation model has gradually become a\u0000 potential breakthrough in solving the problem. Four different models\u0000 euler angle, Rodrigues matrix, dual quaternion and twelve parameters\u0000 are used to analyze and compare the solution parameters, accuracy\u0000 index, iteration efficiency, and the number of selected common\u0000 points of the four models with the measured data of 2022 Hefei Light\u0000 Source summer. The results show that the deviation of the four model\u0000 parameters from the SpatialAnalyzer commercial software is no more\u0000 than 3 μm for the translation parameters, and no more than\u0000 0.6” for the rotation angle. Among them, the twelve-parameters\u0000 and dual quaternion two models are theoretically rigorous, with high\u0000 and stable accuracy indexes, and the twelve parameters posteriori\u0000 unit weight mean error shows obvious advantages. The twelve\u0000 parameters and Rodrigues models have fewer iterations and higher\u0000 efficiency. In summary, the dual quaternion model and twelve\u0000 parameters method are preferred in the absence of better initial\u0000 values. In addition, in the process of datumn transformation, along\u0000 with the increase of the number of common points, the accuracies of\u0000 all four model solutions show an increasing trend of first fast and\u0000 then slow.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"90 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07009
Xiao Li, Enchen Wu, Qiuyu Zhang, T. Ding, Z. Cheng, Wei Wang, Xiaoye He
In recent years, the 4th generation synchrotron radiation light sources have gradually emerged. However, the accumulated errors in Laser Tracker multi-station measurements make it challenging to meet the accuracy requirements for the control network measurement, especially in the direction of elevation. To address this issue, this paper proposes to utilize the Hydrostatic Leveling System (HLS) to provide high-precision external constraints for the control network measurement. Firstly, based on the measurement principle of capacitive HLS sensor, a system is designed and constructed which was used to optimize the measurement accuracy of the HLS for level difference between difference points and to obtain the external reference. Comparison of the HLS measured values with the nominal values measured by the CMM shows that the optimized HLS can achieve a level difference measurement accuracy of 5 μm. On this basis, some constraint methods are proposed, which have been verified by simulations and measurements. The results show that the error accumulation in the elevation direction is suppressed compared with the classical adjustment. For the 70 m linear tunnel control network of Hefei Light Source, the maximum error of the measurement is reduced by 90 μm (23% improvement in accuracy) and the standard deviation of the error is reduced by 26 μm (35% improvement in accuracy) after adding constraint.
{"title":"Research on methods to suppress the error accumulation in the elevation direction for accelerator tunnel control network","authors":"Xiao Li, Enchen Wu, Qiuyu Zhang, T. Ding, Z. Cheng, Wei Wang, Xiaoye He","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, the 4th generation synchrotron radiation\u0000 light sources have gradually emerged. However, the accumulated\u0000 errors in Laser Tracker multi-station measurements make it\u0000 challenging to meet the accuracy requirements for the control\u0000 network measurement, especially in the direction of elevation. To\u0000 address this issue, this paper proposes to utilize the Hydrostatic\u0000 Leveling System (HLS) to provide high-precision external constraints\u0000 for the control network measurement. Firstly, based on the\u0000 measurement principle of capacitive HLS sensor, a system is designed\u0000 and constructed which was used to optimize the measurement accuracy\u0000 of the HLS for level difference between difference points and to\u0000 obtain the external reference. Comparison of the HLS measured values\u0000 with the nominal values measured by the CMM shows that the optimized\u0000 HLS can achieve a level difference measurement accuracy of\u0000 5 μm. On this basis, some constraint methods are proposed,\u0000 which have been verified by simulations and measurements. The\u0000 results show that the error accumulation in the elevation direction\u0000 is suppressed compared with the classical adjustment. For the 70 m\u0000 linear tunnel control network of Hefei Light Source, the maximum\u0000 error of the measurement is reduced by 90 μm (23%\u0000 improvement in accuracy) and the standard deviation of the error is\u0000 reduced by 26 μm (35% improvement in accuracy) after adding\u0000 constraint.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"668 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/e07001
D. Jeon, Younghwan Lim, Minjae Lee, Guna Kim, Hyosung Cho
{"title":"Erratum: Deep-learning soft-tissue decomposition in chest radiography using fast fuzzy C-means clustering with CT datasets","authors":"D. Jeon, Younghwan Lim, Minjae Lee, Guna Kim, Hyosung Cho","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/e07001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/e07001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07003
M. Ali, E. Bonnett, P. Karataev, A. Kubankin, O. Oleinik, V. Margaryan
By changing the temperature of Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO3) single crystal at moderate vacuum conditions leads to generation of strong electric field. The uncompensated polarization during the heating or cooling of the crystal causes the ejection of electrons from either the dielectric layer on the surface of the crystal or from a metal target depending on the polarity. The electrons are accelerated and gain energy of up to 100 keV. The energy of these electrons can be determined by measuring the end-point energy of the X-ray spectrum that resulted from the electron interactions with the target. The conception of a pyroelectric accelerator enabled us to develop compact (portable) electron source, which does not require an external high-voltage and the use of hazardous materials. The compact and portable nature of pyroelectric-driven particle sources holds significant promise for applications in materials science, particularly for materials analysis methodologies. The research demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing the X-ray signal generated by irradiation with electrons to identify elements in each sample. It is revealed that employing only the electron beam enables the successful acquisition of quantitative information regarding the sample structure through pyroelectric driven PD-PIXE analysis. These findings set the stage for the development of a compact and versatile apparatus for elemental analysis of materials based on a pyroelectric source.
在中等真空条件下改变钽酸锂（LiTaO3）单晶体的温度会产生强电场。晶体加热或冷却过程中未补偿的极化会导致电子从晶体表面的电介质层或金属靶（取决于极性）射出。电子被加速并获得高达 100 千伏的能量。这些电子的能量可以通过测量电子与目标相互作用产生的 X 射线光谱的端点能量来确定。热释电加速器的概念使我们能够开发出紧凑型（便携式）电子源，它不需要外部高压和使用危险材料。热释电驱动粒子源的紧凑和便携特性为材料科学的应用，特别是材料分析方法的应用带来了巨大的希望。研究证明了利用电子辐照产生的 X 射线信号来识别每个样品中元素的可行性。研究表明，仅使用电子束就能通过热释电驱动的 PD-PIXE 分析成功获取有关样品结构的定量信息。这些发现为开发基于热释电源的紧凑型多功能材料元素分析仪器奠定了基础。
{"title":"Identification of material by X-ray fluorescence analysis with a pyroelectric X-ray generator","authors":"M. Ali, E. Bonnett, P. Karataev, A. Kubankin, O. Oleinik, V. Margaryan","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 By changing the temperature of Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO3) single crystal at moderate vacuum conditions leads to generation of strong electric field. The uncompensated polarization during the heating or cooling of the crystal causes the ejection of electrons from either the dielectric layer on the surface of the crystal or from a metal target depending on the polarity. The electrons are accelerated and gain energy of up to 100 keV. The energy of these electrons can be determined by measuring the end-point energy of the X-ray spectrum that resulted from the electron interactions with the target. The conception of a pyroelectric accelerator enabled us to develop compact (portable) electron source, which does not require an external high-voltage and the use of hazardous materials. The compact and portable nature of pyroelectric-driven particle sources holds significant promise for applications in materials science, particularly for materials analysis methodologies. The research demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing the X-ray signal generated by irradiation with electrons to identify elements in each sample. It is revealed that employing only the electron beam enables the successful acquisition of quantitative information regarding the sample structure through pyroelectric driven PD-PIXE analysis. These findings set the stage for the development of a compact and versatile apparatus for elemental analysis of materials based on a pyroelectric source.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07005
L. Torrisi, V. Havránek, A. Mackova, A. Torrisi, M. Cutroneo
An innovative SiC Schottky junction and a traditional p-n Si surface barrier detector have been compared to detect carbon ions with MeVs kinetic energy. To this, a comparison was performed during Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) using 2–10 MeV carbon ion beams. The energy resolution and detection efficiency for RBS analysis using the two detectors and their detection electronics are presented. The detector parameters dependencies on the surface passivating layers, ion energy and current dependence, ion penetration depth, detection efficiency, energy resolution, and others are discussed. The comparison of RBS analysis with SiC and Si is investigated highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using SiC with respect to the traditional Si surface barrier detectors. The two detectors employed for proton, helium and carbon RBS spectrometry of different targets have been also compared on the base of the literature data.
{"title":"SiC and Si detectors comparison for high carbon energy spectrometry","authors":"L. Torrisi, V. Havránek, A. Mackova, A. Torrisi, M. Cutroneo","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07005","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative SiC Schottky junction and a traditional p-n Si surface barrier detector have been compared to detect carbon ions with MeVs kinetic energy. To this, a comparison was performed during Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) using 2–10 MeV carbon ion beams. The energy resolution and detection efficiency for RBS analysis using the two detectors and their detection electronics are presented. The detector parameters dependencies on the surface passivating layers, ion energy and current dependence, ion penetration depth, detection efficiency, energy resolution, and others are discussed. The comparison of RBS analysis with SiC and Si is investigated highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using SiC with respect to the traditional Si surface barrier detectors. The two detectors employed for proton, helium and carbon RBS spectrometry of different targets have been also compared on the base of the literature data.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"37 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07001
F. Grünauer, T. Keller, R. Georgii, M. Skoulatos
Neutron radiation is widely used for investigation of matter at research reactors and spallation sources. One undesired side-effect is the production of radioactive nuclides in structure materials of the instruments (e.g. mounting structures and radiation shieldings) due to neutron capture reactions. Hence the structure materials themselves become radiation sources. The knowledge of the activities after a certain time of operation is essential for determination of the accessibility, for modifications of the instrument, for reusing the material and for waste management. It is desirable to have these data in the design phase of the instrument. One possibility to obtain the data is a combination of simulation and calculation. In this paper the simulations/calculations for the LaDiff cold triple-axis neutron spectrometer project at FRM-II (research reactor Munich) are presented. The activities in the shielding house around the experimental area of the instrument made from stainless steel and lead are considered for the cases with and without boron-carbide cover and for different Sb-contents of the lead layer. The influence of the skyshine is also considered.
{"title":"Evaluation of the activation of the radiation shielding of the LaDiff neutron triple-axis-spectrometer at FRM-II by simulation/calculation","authors":"F. Grünauer, T. Keller, R. Georgii, M. Skoulatos","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07001","url":null,"abstract":"Neutron radiation is widely used for investigation of matter at research reactors and spallation sources. One undesired side-effect is the production of radioactive nuclides in structure materials of the instruments (e.g. mounting structures and radiation shieldings) due to neutron capture reactions. Hence the structure materials themselves become radiation sources. The knowledge of the activities after a certain time of operation is essential for determination of the accessibility, for modifications of the instrument, for reusing the material and for waste management. It is desirable to have these data in the design phase of the instrument. One possibility to obtain the data is a combination of simulation and calculation. In this paper the simulations/calculations for the LaDiff cold triple-axis neutron spectrometer project at FRM-II (research reactor Munich) are presented. The activities in the shielding house around the experimental area of the instrument made from stainless steel and lead are considered for the cases with and without boron-carbide cover and for different Sb-contents of the lead layer. The influence of the skyshine is also considered.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"338 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07019
Peng Jin, Jian Lu, Yue Guan, Pengfei Zhu, Ye Tian, Weijian Zhu, Jinmiao Ye, Linjun Xie
The reactor nuclear measurement system is important in a nuclear power plant. Its main role is to measure the reactor's core power distribution using detectors and calibrate and provide data on the core fuel consumption. This study describes the lack of fault data and the lack of diagnostic methodology research in the overhauling process and fault diagnosis of the off-heap nuclear measurement system core card. This core card provides the detectors with the necessary working conditions. It also collects signals. In this study, we propose a methodology for the fault diagnosis of the card through circuit analysis, simulation of functional module division, fault data generation, and training of a convolutional neural network diagnostic model. The proposed methodology can transform the drawings into convenient diagnostic processes and algorithms based on expert experience. These drawings are difficult to use in actual overhauling conditions. The corresponding experimental equipment was designed for practical testing. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the obtained diagnostic model for classifying preset faults can reach 99.5%, indicating that this model can be applied in actual working conditions. The accuracy of the trained diagnostic model in classifying 13 kinds of faults in the training set during the actual test was tested. Results show that the accuracy rate is close to 100%. Moreover, the correction of the model using the real maintenance data in applying the actual maintenance conditions was also analyzed. The intelligent diagnostic system that centers on the fault diagnosis method investigated in this study has been applied in the pressurized water reactor off-heap nuclear measurement system digital transformation and upgrading project of Qinshan No. 2 Plant.
{"title":"Card fault diagnosis of the pressurized water reactor off-heap nuclear measurement system based on expert experience and convolutional neural network","authors":"Peng Jin, Jian Lu, Yue Guan, Pengfei Zhu, Ye Tian, Weijian Zhu, Jinmiao Ye, Linjun Xie","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The reactor nuclear measurement system is important in a\u0000 nuclear power plant. Its main role is to measure the reactor's core\u0000 power distribution using detectors and calibrate and provide data on\u0000 the core fuel consumption. This study describes the lack of fault\u0000 data and the lack of diagnostic methodology research in the\u0000 overhauling process and fault diagnosis of the off-heap nuclear\u0000 measurement system core card. This core card provides the detectors\u0000 with the necessary working conditions. It also collects signals. In\u0000 this study, we propose a methodology for the fault diagnosis of the\u0000 card through circuit analysis, simulation of functional module\u0000 division, fault data generation, and training of a convolutional\u0000 neural network diagnostic model. The proposed methodology can\u0000 transform the drawings into convenient diagnostic processes and\u0000 algorithms based on expert experience. These drawings are difficult\u0000 to use in actual overhauling conditions. The corresponding\u0000 experimental equipment was designed for practical testing. The\u0000 experimental results show that the accuracy of the obtained\u0000 diagnostic model for classifying preset faults can reach 99.5%,\u0000 indicating that this model can be applied in actual working\u0000 conditions. The accuracy of the trained diagnostic model in\u0000 classifying 13 kinds of faults in the training set during the actual\u0000 test was tested. Results show that the accuracy rate is close to\u0000 100%. Moreover, the correction of the model using the real\u0000 maintenance data in applying the actual maintenance conditions was\u0000 also analyzed. The intelligent diagnostic system that centers on the\u0000 fault diagnosis method investigated in this study has been applied\u0000 in the pressurized water reactor off-heap nuclear measurement system\u0000 digital transformation and upgrading project of Qinshan No. 2\u0000 Plant.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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