Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04005
J. D. Gonzalez-Martinez
H2GCROC is a 130 nm CMOS ASIC designed to read out the SiPMs coupled to the scintillating tiles of the back hadronic sections of CMS HGCAL. Each of its 72 channels comprises a current conveyor, a high-gain preamplifier, a shaper, an ADC for energy measurement, and two discriminators linked to TDCs for capturing time-of-arrival and time-over-threshold information, respectively. This work presents the ASIC architecture and its characterization in the laboratory and test beam environments. The results demonstrate its adaptability in calibration, proving its capability to measure the SiPM single-photon spectrum and MIP's energy with high resolution under the expected radiation conditions during the entire operation of HGCAL.
{"title":"Performance of H2GCROC3, the readout ASIC of SiPMs for the back hadronic sections of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter","authors":"J. D. Gonzalez-Martinez","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 H2GCROC is a 130 nm CMOS ASIC designed to read out the SiPMs coupled to the scintillating tiles of the back hadronic sections of CMS HGCAL. Each of its 72 channels comprises a current conveyor, a high-gain preamplifier, a shaper, an ADC for energy measurement, and two discriminators linked to TDCs for capturing time-of-arrival and time-over-threshold information, respectively. This work presents the ASIC architecture and its characterization in the laboratory and test beam environments. The results demonstrate its adaptability in calibration, proving its capability to measure the SiPM single-photon spectrum and MIP's energy with high resolution under the expected radiation conditions during the entire operation of HGCAL.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140764904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04016
E. Picatoste
The aim of the LHCb Upgrade II is to be able to operate at a luminosity of 1.5×1034 cm-2 s-1 to collect a data set of 300 fb-1. The required substantial modifications of the current LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter due to high radiation doses in the central region and increased particle densities are referred to as LHCb ECAL Upgrade II. A consolidation of the ECAL already during the long shutdown 3 will reduce the occupancy and mitigate the effects of substantial ageing in the central region after Run 3. Several scintillating sampling ECAL technologies are being investigated in an ongoing R&D campaign: Spaghetti Calorimeter (SpaCal) with garnet scintillating crystals and tungsten absorber, SpaCal with scintillating plastic fibres and tungsten or lead absorber, and Shashlik with polystyrene tiles, lead absorber and fast WLS fibres. Timing capabilities with tens of picoseconds precision for neutral electromagnetic particles and increased granularity with a denser absorber in the central region are needed for pile-up mitigation. Time resolutions of better than 20 ps at high energy were observed in test beam measurements of prototype SpaCal and Shashlik modules. Energy resolutions with sampling contributions of about 10%/√E, in line with the requirements, were observed.
{"title":"Scintillating sampling ECAL technology for the LHCb ECAL Upgrade II","authors":"E. Picatoste","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of the LHCb Upgrade II is to be able to operate at a luminosity of 1.5×1034 cm-2 s-1 to collect a data set of 300 fb-1. The required substantial modifications of the current LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter due to high radiation doses in the central region and increased particle densities are referred to as LHCb ECAL Upgrade II. A consolidation of the ECAL already during the long shutdown 3 will reduce the occupancy and mitigate the effects of substantial ageing in the central region after Run 3.\u0000\u0000Several scintillating sampling ECAL technologies are being investigated in an ongoing R&D campaign: Spaghetti Calorimeter (SpaCal) with garnet scintillating crystals and tungsten absorber, SpaCal with scintillating plastic fibres and tungsten or lead absorber, and Shashlik with polystyrene tiles, lead absorber and fast WLS fibres.\u0000\u0000Timing capabilities with tens of picoseconds precision for neutral electromagnetic particles and increased granularity with a denser absorber in the central region are needed for pile-up mitigation. Time resolutions of better than 20 ps at high energy were observed in test beam measurements of prototype SpaCal and Shashlik modules. Energy resolutions with sampling contributions of about 10%/√E, in line with the requirements, were observed.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"291 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/p04018
S. Joly, A. Oeftiger, G. Iadarola, C. Zannini, M. Migliorati, N. Mounet, B. Salvant
Transverse instability growth rates in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) are studied thanks to the recently updated impedance model of the machine. Using this model, macroparticle tracking simulations were performed with a new method well-suited for the slicing of short wakes, which achieves comparable performance to the originally implemented method while reducing the required number of slices by a factor of 5 to 10. Furthermore, dedicated beam-based measurement campaigns were carried out to benchmark the impedance model. Until now, beam dynamics simulations based on this model underestimated instability growth rates at injection energy. Thanks to a recent addition to the impedance model, namely the kicker magnets' connecting cables and their external circuits, the simulated instability growth rates are now comparable to the measured ones even when neglecting the impact of the space charge force. Finally, the space charge force is included in simulations and its impact on the instability growth rate and intra-bunch motion is studied.
{"title":"Recent advances in the CERN PS impedance model and instability simulations following the LHC Injectors Upgrade project","authors":"S. Joly, A. Oeftiger, G. Iadarola, C. Zannini, M. Migliorati, N. Mounet, B. Salvant","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/p04018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/p04018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Transverse instability growth rates in the CERN Proton\u0000 Synchrotron (PS) are studied thanks to the recently updated\u0000 impedance model of the machine. Using this model, macroparticle\u0000 tracking simulations were performed with a new method well-suited\u0000 for the slicing of short wakes, which achieves comparable\u0000 performance to the originally implemented method while reducing the\u0000 required number of slices by a factor of 5 to 10. Furthermore,\u0000 dedicated beam-based measurement campaigns were carried out to\u0000 benchmark the impedance model. Until now, beam dynamics simulations\u0000 based on this model underestimated instability growth rates at\u0000 injection energy. Thanks to a recent addition to the impedance\u0000 model, namely the kicker magnets' connecting cables and their\u0000 external circuits, the simulated instability growth rates are now\u0000 comparable to the measured ones even when neglecting the impact of\u0000 the space charge force. Finally, the space charge force is included\u0000 in simulations and its impact on the instability growth rate and\u0000 intra-bunch motion is studied.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"33 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140790758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A miniature prototype of time projection chamber for the cooling storage ring external-target experiment (CEE) at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) was designed for three-dimensional tracking of charged particles produced in heavy-ion collisions at the target region and for particle identification. The prototype consists of a TPC detector chamber with active volume of 9 cm (height), 10 cm (length) and 10 cm (width), gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector readout and SAMPA-based electronics. This work describes design, track reconstruction method and performance of the prototype. The energy resolution is 11.03% sigma using a 55Fe x-ray source. Using heavy-ion beam of 150 MeV/u Fe, the test results show that the two-dimensional position resolution and drift time resolution of the prototype are better than 400 μm and 20 ns, respectively.
{"title":"A miniature prototype of Time Projection Chambers for CSR External-Target Experiment","authors":"Yuansheng Yang, Zhi Qin, Zhijie Li, Xianglun Wei, Xiangjie Wen, Zhoubo He, Dong Guo, Herun Yang, Peng Ma, Chengui Lu, Rongjiang Hu, T. Qiu, Zhixuan He, Li-Min Duan","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/t04007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/t04007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A miniature prototype of time projection chamber for the\u0000 cooling storage ring external-target experiment (CEE) at the Heavy\u0000 Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) was designed for\u0000 three-dimensional tracking of charged particles produced in\u0000 heavy-ion collisions at the target region and for particle\u0000 identification. The prototype consists of a TPC detector chamber\u0000 with active volume of 9 cm (height), 10 cm (length) and 10 cm\u0000 (width), gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector readout and\u0000 SAMPA-based electronics. This work describes design, track\u0000 reconstruction method and performance of the prototype. The energy\u0000 resolution is 11.03% sigma using a 55Fe x-ray source. Using\u0000 heavy-ion beam of 150 MeV/u Fe, the test results show that the\u0000 two-dimensional position resolution and drift time resolution of the\u0000 prototype are better than 400 μm and 20 ns, respectively.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04025
L. Tosti, L. Antognini, S. Aziz, A. Bashiri, L. Calcagnile, D. Caputo, A. Caricato, R. Catalano, G. De Cesare, D. Chilà, G. Cirrone, T. Croci, G. Cuttone, S. Dunand, M. Fabi, L. Frontini, C. Grimani, M. Ionica, K. Kanxheri, M. Large, V. Liberali, N. Lovecchio, M. Martino, G. Maruccio, G. Mazza, M. Menichelli, A. Monteduro, A. Morozzi, F. Moscatelli, A. Nascetti, S. Pallotta, D. Passeri, M. Pedio, M. Petasecca, G. Petringa, F. Peverini, L. Piccolo, P. Placidi, G. Quarta, S. Rizzato, F. Sabbatini, L. Servoli, A. Stabile, C. Talamonti, J. Thomet, M. Villani, R. Wheadon, N. Wyrsch, N. Zema
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is a material with a very good radiation hardness and with the possibility of deposition on flexible substrates like Polyimide (PI). Exploiting these properties, the HASPIDE (Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon PIxels DEtectors) project has the goal of developing a-Si:H detectors on flexible substrates for beam dosimetry and profile monitoring, neutron detection and space experiments. The detectors for this experiment will be developed in two different structures: the n-i-p diode structure, which has been used up to now for the construction of the planar a-Si:H detectors, and the recently developed charge selective contact structure. In the latter the doped layers (n or p) are replaced with charge selective materials namely electron-selective conductive metal-oxides (TiO2 or Al:ZnO) and hole-selective conductive metal oxides (MoO x ). In this paper preliminary data on the capabilities of these detectors to measure X-ray and electron fluxes will be presented. In particular, the linearity, the sensitivity, the stability and dark current in various conditions will be discussed.
{"title":"HASPIDE: a project for the development of hydrogenated amorphous silicon radiation sensors on a flexible substrate","authors":"L. Tosti, L. Antognini, S. Aziz, A. Bashiri, L. Calcagnile, D. Caputo, A. Caricato, R. Catalano, G. De Cesare, D. Chilà, G. Cirrone, T. Croci, G. Cuttone, S. Dunand, M. Fabi, L. Frontini, C. Grimani, M. Ionica, K. Kanxheri, M. Large, V. Liberali, N. Lovecchio, M. Martino, G. Maruccio, G. Mazza, M. Menichelli, A. Monteduro, A. Morozzi, F. Moscatelli, A. Nascetti, S. Pallotta, D. Passeri, M. Pedio, M. Petasecca, G. Petringa, F. Peverini, L. Piccolo, P. Placidi, G. Quarta, S. Rizzato, F. Sabbatini, L. Servoli, A. Stabile, C. Talamonti, J. Thomet, M. Villani, R. Wheadon, N. Wyrsch, N. Zema","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is a material with a very good radiation hardness and with the possibility of deposition on flexible substrates like Polyimide (PI). Exploiting these properties, the HASPIDE (Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon PIxels DEtectors) project has the goal of developing a-Si:H detectors on flexible substrates for beam dosimetry and profile monitoring, neutron detection and space experiments. The detectors for this experiment will be developed in two different structures: the n-i-p diode structure, which has been used up to now for the construction of the planar a-Si:H detectors, and the recently developed charge selective contact structure. In the latter the doped layers (n or p) are replaced with charge selective materials namely electron-selective conductive metal-oxides (TiO2 or Al:ZnO) and hole-selective conductive metal oxides (MoO\u0000 x\u0000 ). In this paper preliminary data on the capabilities of these detectors to measure X-ray and electron fluxes will be presented. In particular, the linearity, the sensitivity, the stability and dark current in various conditions will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"41 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140765671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04020
T.H. Pham, D. Auguste, M. Babeluk, M. Barbero, J. Baudot, T. Bergauer, F. Bernlochner, G. Bertolone, S. Bettarini, F. Bosi, J. Bonis, R. Boudagga, P. Breugnon, Y. Buch, F. Buchsteiner, M.S. Calo, G. Casarosa, J. Dingfelder, A. Dorokhov, L. Federici, T. Fillinger, C. Finck, F. Forti, D. Fougeron, A. Frey, L. Gaioni, S. Giroletti, A. Himmi, E. Kou, C. Hu Guo, C. Irmler, M. Karagounis, T. Kishishita, H. Krüger, A. Kumar, C. Marinas, M. Massa, L. Massaccesi, J. Mazorra de Cos, M. Minuti, S. Mondal, F. Morel, K. Nakamura, P. Pangaud, Y. Peinaud, L. Ratti, V. Re, E. Riceputi, I. Ripp Baudot, G. Rizzo, L. Schall, C. Schwanda, B. Schwenker, M. Schwickardi, P. Stavroulakis, S. Wang, C. Wessel, M. Winter, G. Traversi, I. Valin, D. Xu
The Belle II collaboration has initiated a program to upgrade its detector in order to address the challenges set by the increase of the SuperKEKB collider luminosity, targeting 6×1035 cm2 s-1. A monolithic CMOS pixel sensor named OBELIX (Optimized BELle II pIXel) is proposed to equip 5 detection layers upgrading the current vertex detector. Based on the existing TJ-Monopix2, OBELIX is currently designed in 180 nm CMOS process.
为了应对超级 KEKB 对撞机光度（目标是 6×1035 cm2 s-1）增加所带来的挑战，贝尔 II 合作组织启动了一项探测器升级计划。提议采用一种名为 OBELIX（Optimized BELle II pIXel）的单片式 CMOS 像素传感器来装备 5 个探测层，以升级当前的顶点探测器。OBELIX 以现有的 TJ-Monopix2 为基础，目前采用 180 纳米 CMOS 工艺设计。
{"title":"Design of the OBELIX monolithic CMOS pixel sensor for an upgrade of the Belle II vertex detector","authors":"T.H. Pham, D. Auguste, M. Babeluk, M. Barbero, J. Baudot, T. Bergauer, F. Bernlochner, G. Bertolone, S. Bettarini, F. Bosi, J. Bonis, R. Boudagga, P. Breugnon, Y. Buch, F. Buchsteiner, M.S. Calo, G. Casarosa, J. Dingfelder, A. Dorokhov, L. Federici, T. Fillinger, C. Finck, F. Forti, D. Fougeron, A. Frey, L. Gaioni, S. Giroletti, A. Himmi, E. Kou, C. Hu Guo, C. Irmler, M. Karagounis, T. Kishishita, H. Krüger, A. Kumar, C. Marinas, M. Massa, L. Massaccesi, J. Mazorra de Cos, M. Minuti, S. Mondal, F. Morel, K. Nakamura, P. Pangaud, Y. Peinaud, L. Ratti, V. Re, E. Riceputi, I. Ripp Baudot, G. Rizzo, L. Schall, C. Schwanda, B. Schwenker, M. Schwickardi, P. Stavroulakis, S. Wang, C. Wessel, M. Winter, G. Traversi, I. Valin, D. Xu","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Belle II collaboration has initiated a program to upgrade its detector in order to address the challenges set by the increase of the SuperKEKB collider luminosity, targeting 6×1035 cm2 s-1. A monolithic CMOS pixel sensor named OBELIX (Optimized BELle II pIXel) is proposed to equip 5 detection layers upgrading the current vertex detector. Based on the existing TJ-Monopix2, OBELIX is currently designed in 180 nm CMOS process.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"186 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140766555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/t04008
G.-L. Chen, S.-Q. Tian, H. Schubert, E. Udup, C. Matei
The Variable Energy Gamma (VEGA) System, currently under construction at Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), is a storage ring-based gamma beam source that aims to provide gamma-ray beams with a variable energy range from 1 MeV to 19.5 MeV to the users. The electron beam transport line has been designed to connect the linear accelerator and the storage ring in the VEGA electron beam system. Considering the geometrical constraints in the accelerator halls and the location of the injection point at the storage ring, the trajectory of the electron beam in the transport line has to first ascend by a 36-degree dog-leg elevation to align with a plane parallel to the storage ring, undergo a 180-degree horizontal turn, and then descend by 36 degrees vertically to reach the injection point at the storage ring. In this paper, we introduce a beam optics tool implemented for the beam optics design and fine-matching in the electron beam transport line. The design of the VEGA transport line including the layout and lattice design, is also described. The tool has been applied to the beam optics design and optimization, utilizing tracking simulations and beam matching for the VEGA transport line lattice. Furthermore, the tool's potential application to similar lattice designs is also discussed.
{"title":"A tool for beam optics design and its application on the VEGA transport line at ELI-NP","authors":"G.-L. Chen, S.-Q. Tian, H. Schubert, E. Udup, C. Matei","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/t04008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/t04008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Variable Energy Gamma (VEGA) System, currently under\u0000 construction at Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics\u0000 (ELI-NP), is a storage ring-based gamma beam source that aims to\u0000 provide gamma-ray beams with a variable energy range from 1 MeV to\u0000 19.5 MeV to the users. The electron beam transport line has been\u0000 designed to connect the linear accelerator and the storage ring in\u0000 the VEGA electron beam system. Considering the geometrical\u0000 constraints in the accelerator halls and the location of the\u0000 injection point at the storage ring, the trajectory of the electron\u0000 beam in the transport line has to first ascend by a 36-degree\u0000 dog-leg elevation to align with a plane parallel to the storage\u0000 ring, undergo a 180-degree horizontal turn, and then descend by 36\u0000 degrees vertically to reach the injection point at the storage\u0000 ring. In this paper, we introduce a beam optics tool implemented for\u0000 the beam optics design and fine-matching in the electron beam\u0000 transport line. The design of the VEGA transport line including the\u0000 layout and lattice design, is also described. The tool has been\u0000 applied to the beam optics design and optimization, utilizing\u0000 tracking simulations and beam matching for the VEGA transport line\u0000 lattice. Furthermore, the tool's potential application to similar\u0000 lattice designs is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"54 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140770989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/t04009
R. Manera, S. Gómez, A. Mariscal-Castilla, J. Mauricio, R. Ballabriga, D. Gascón
Several applications that employ SiPMs require high time precision readout electronics. This work presents a study for the optimization of timing resolution of readout electronics for SiPMs focused on the effect of sensor area, transistor scaling and power consumption on electronic jitter. The design of the most critical stages are presented, specially the front-end input stage in current-mode. The performance of three different technologies (180, 130 and 65 nm) are studied. 65 nm is the best option to obtain good timing resolution with less power consumption. Dividing the sensor into smaller segments improves the Single Photon Electronics Jitter (SPEJ), but does not translate into a better Coincidence Time Resolution (CTR) when keeping the power per unit area constant, performing analog summation or employing an averaging algorithm of the time stamps for small LSO:Ce:%0.2Ca scintillator crystal.
{"title":"Optimizing time resolution and power consumption in a current-mode circuit for SiPMs","authors":"R. Manera, S. Gómez, A. Mariscal-Castilla, J. Mauricio, R. Ballabriga, D. Gascón","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/t04009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/t04009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Several applications that employ SiPMs require high time precision readout electronics. This work presents a study for the optimization of timing resolution of readout electronics for SiPMs focused on the effect of sensor area, transistor scaling and power consumption on electronic jitter. The design of the most critical stages are presented, specially the front-end input stage in current-mode. The performance of three different technologies (180, 130 and 65 nm) are studied. 65 nm is the best option to obtain good timing resolution with less power consumption. Dividing the sensor into smaller segments improves the Single Photon Electronics Jitter (SPEJ), but does not translate into a better Coincidence Time Resolution (CTR) when keeping the power per unit area constant, performing analog summation or employing an averaging algorithm of the time stamps for small LSO:Ce:%0.2Ca scintillator crystal.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"1010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/t04004
H. Jin, Ji-Ho Jang, Dong-O. Jeon
The RAON accelerator has been constructed for various science programs with stable ions and rare isotopes since 2011. After the installation of the injector section was completed in 2020, the low-energy superconducting accelerator (SCL3) section was also installed consecutively until 2022, and the beam commissioning using an argon beam is in progress from the injector section to the SCL3 section. For successful beam commissioning, various beam dynamics studies have been carried out, and the research of the orbit correction has been also conducted to determine the location and the number of steering magnets and BPMs for safe and efficient beam operation. In the SCL3 section, the orbit correction simulation was carried out as varying the number of steering magnets for the consideration of the correction of distorted beam orbit and the economic benefits, and then the beam test was carried out based on the simulation results during the beam commissioning. Here we will present the results of simulations and experiments for the orbit correction at the SCL3 section in the RAON accelerator.
{"title":"Beam test results of the orbit correction at the low-energy superconducting accelerator section in the RAON accelerator","authors":"H. Jin, Ji-Ho Jang, Dong-O. Jeon","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/t04004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/t04004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The RAON accelerator has been constructed for various\u0000 science programs with stable ions and rare isotopes since\u0000 2011. After the installation of the injector section was completed\u0000 in 2020, the low-energy superconducting accelerator (SCL3) section\u0000 was also installed consecutively until 2022, and the beam\u0000 commissioning using an argon beam is in progress from the injector\u0000 section to the SCL3 section. For successful beam commissioning,\u0000 various beam dynamics studies have been carried out, and the\u0000 research of the orbit correction has been also conducted to\u0000 determine the location and the number of steering magnets and BPMs\u0000 for safe and efficient beam operation. In the SCL3 section, the\u0000 orbit correction simulation was carried out as varying the number of\u0000 steering magnets for the consideration of the correction of\u0000 distorted beam orbit and the economic benefits, and then the beam\u0000 test was carried out based on the simulation results during the beam\u0000 commissioning. Here we will present the results of simulations and\u0000 experiments for the orbit correction at the SCL3 section in the RAON\u0000 accelerator.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"171 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140777430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04043
C. Ferrero
During the next Long Shutdown (LS3) of the LHC, planned for 2026, the innermost three layers of the ALICE Inner Tracking System will be replaced by a new vertex detector composed of curved ultra-thin monolithic silicon sensors. The R&D initiative on monolithic sensors of the CERN Experimental Physics Department, in cooperation with the ALICE ITS3 upgrade project, prepared the first submission of chip designs in the TPSCo 65 nm technology, called MLR1 (Multi Layer Reticle). It contains four different test structures with different process splits and pixel designs. These proceedings illustrate the first validation of the technology in terms of pixel performance and radiation hardness.
{"title":"Validation of the 65 nm TPSCo CMOS imaging technology for the ALICE ITS3","authors":"C. Ferrero","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During the next Long Shutdown (LS3) of the LHC, planned for 2026, the innermost three layers of the ALICE Inner Tracking System will be replaced by a new vertex detector composed of curved ultra-thin monolithic silicon sensors. The R&D initiative on monolithic sensors of the CERN Experimental Physics Department, in cooperation with the ALICE ITS3 upgrade project, prepared the first submission of chip designs in the TPSCo 65 nm technology, called MLR1 (Multi Layer Reticle). It contains four different test structures with different process splits and pixel designs. These proceedings illustrate the first validation of the technology in terms of pixel performance and radiation hardness.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"115 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140777753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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