Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07023
G. F. Ding, Y. Ye, R. Chen, G.S. Xu, Y. Yu, X. Lin, Q.Q. Yang, W. Zhang, Y. Li, N. Yan, S.C. Liu, L. Wang, T. Zhang, T.F. Zhou, D.G. Wu
Helium Beam Emission Spectroscopy (He-BES) diagnostic has been developed on EAST, which is able to measure the edge electron density and temperature profiles simultaneously using a helium line intensity ratio method. The diagnostic includes the beam injector and the detection system. There are 20 observation channels within an observation range of 80 mm in the detection system at the low filed side, which can cover the whole scrape-off layer (SOL) and part of the pedestal region of EAST. The beam injector system has been upgraded to Supersonic Molecular Beam Injector (SMBI) system to realize deeper helium injection since the 2021 campaign. Four spectral lines at wavelengths of 728.1 nm, 706.5 nm, 667.8 nm and 656.3 nm are detected by the He-BES. The first three spectral lines, including 728.1 nm, 706.5 nm, 667.8 nm, are measured for calculating edge n e and T e profiles based on the collisional-radiative model (CRM) model, and the last spectral line (656.3 nm) is used for the measurement of D α emission. The edge electrostatic fluctuations can be obtained from the power spectrum of D α emission. The electron density and temperature profiles calculated from the 667.8/728.1 and 728.1/706.5 nm line ratios are in good agreement with those from other diagnostics in the edge region of plasma. The self-consistency of He-BES diagnostic is also verified, such as the density pump out caused by LHW and the lower edge temperature caused by the lower heating power.
在EAST上开发了氦束发射光谱（He-BES）诊断系统，它能够使用氦线强度比方法同时测量边缘电子密度和温度曲线。该诊断仪包括光束注入器和探测系统。探测系统在低滤波侧有20个观测通道，观测范围为80毫米，可覆盖EAST的整个刮除层（SOL）和部分基座区。从2021年开始，光束注入系统升级为超音速分子光束注入系统（SMBI），以实现更深的氦注入。He-BES 探测到波长为 728.1 nm、706.5 nm、667.8 nm 和 656.3 nm 的四条谱线。前三条光谱线（包括 728.1 nm、706.5 nm 和 667.8 nm）用于根据碰撞辐射模型（CRM）计算边缘 n e 和 T e 曲线，最后一条光谱线（656.3 nm）用于测量 D α 发射。边缘静电波动可以从 D α 发射的功率谱中获得。根据 667.8/728.1 和 728.1/706.5 nm 线比计算出的电子密度和温度曲线与等离子体边缘区域的其他诊断结果非常吻合。He-BES 诊断的自洽性也得到了验证，如 LHW 导致的密度泵出和较低加热功率导致的较低边缘温度。
{"title":"Status of edge electron density and temperature measurements with Helium Beam Emission Spectroscopy (He-BES) on EAST","authors":"G. F. Ding, Y. Ye, R. Chen, G.S. Xu, Y. Yu, X. Lin, Q.Q. Yang, W. Zhang, Y. Li, N. Yan, S.C. Liu, L. Wang, T. Zhang, T.F. Zhou, D.G. Wu","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Helium Beam Emission Spectroscopy (He-BES) diagnostic has\u0000 been developed on EAST, which is able to measure the edge electron\u0000 density and temperature profiles simultaneously using a helium line\u0000 intensity ratio method. The diagnostic includes the beam injector\u0000 and the detection system. There are 20 observation channels within\u0000 an observation range of 80 mm in the detection system at the low\u0000 filed side, which can cover the whole scrape-off layer (SOL) and\u0000 part of the pedestal region of EAST. The beam injector system has\u0000 been upgraded to Supersonic Molecular Beam Injector (SMBI) system to\u0000 realize deeper helium injection since the 2021 campaign. Four\u0000 spectral lines at wavelengths of 728.1 nm, 706.5 nm, 667.8 nm and\u0000 656.3 nm are detected by the He-BES. The first three spectral\u0000 lines, including 728.1 nm, 706.5 nm, 667.8 nm, are measured for\u0000 calculating edge n\u0000 e and T\u0000 e profiles based on the\u0000 collisional-radiative model (CRM) model, and the last spectral line\u0000 (656.3 nm) is used for the measurement of D\u0000 α \u0000 emission. The edge electrostatic fluctuations can be obtained from\u0000 the power spectrum of D\u0000 α emission. The electron density\u0000 and temperature profiles calculated from the 667.8/728.1 and\u0000 728.1/706.5 nm line ratios are in good agreement with those from\u0000 other diagnostics in the edge region of plasma. The self-consistency\u0000 of He-BES diagnostic is also verified, such as the density pump out\u0000 caused by LHW and the lower edge temperature caused by the lower\u0000 heating power.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07008
C. Venettacci
The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) is a satellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). TAO consists of a spherical ton-level Gadolinium-doped Liquid Scintillator detector and its main purpose is the precise measurement of the reactor antineutrino spectrum by detection of light produced in v̅e + p⟶ e + + n reaction, as a reference for JUNO. About 4,500 photoelectrons per MeV could be detected by instrumenting the sphere surface (∼10 m2) with state-of-the-art Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs), resulting in a sub-percent energy resolution. In this work we present the implemented architecture of the readout electronics based on low-noise, high-speed Front-End Boards (FEBs) connected to a 50×50 mm2 SiPM Hamamatsu tile, composed by 32 SiPM elements of 12×6 mm2 each, divided into two independent output channels. The overall 4,024 FEBs will be supplied through eight custom flanges that have to bring in about 1.5 kW. On the same flanges the 8,048 output signal cables are distributed and routed to the Front-End Controllers (FECs), based on Virtex Ultrascale FPGAs, able to manage up to eight 16-channel ADCs, for a total of 128 channels on a single FEC, with a maximum sampling rate of 250 MHz with 12-bit resolution. A dedicated trigger and data-acquisition system will filter and record occurring events, rejecting dark count events. We report the results of the characterization for the pre-production FEBs batch, following the main figures of merit defined for the experiment, showing single photoelectron resolution better than 13% and dynamic range up to 250 photoelectrons.
{"title":"SiPM and readout electronics for the JUNO-TAO Central Detector","authors":"C. Venettacci","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) is a satellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). TAO consists of a spherical ton-level Gadolinium-doped Liquid Scintillator detector and its main purpose is the precise measurement of the reactor antineutrino spectrum by detection of light produced in v̅e\u0000 + p⟶ e\u0000 + + n reaction, as a reference for JUNO. About 4,500 photoelectrons per MeV could be detected by instrumenting the sphere surface (∼10 m2) with state-of-the-art Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs), resulting in a sub-percent energy resolution. In this work we present the implemented architecture of the readout electronics based on low-noise, high-speed Front-End Boards (FEBs) connected to a 50×50 mm2 SiPM Hamamatsu tile, composed by 32 SiPM elements of 12×6 mm2 each, divided into two independent output channels. The overall 4,024 FEBs will be supplied through eight custom flanges that have to bring in about 1.5 kW. On the same flanges the 8,048 output signal cables are distributed and routed to the Front-End Controllers (FECs), based on Virtex Ultrascale FPGAs, able to manage up to eight 16-channel ADCs, for a total of 128 channels on a single FEC, with a maximum sampling rate of 250 MHz with 12-bit resolution. A dedicated trigger and data-acquisition system will filter and record occurring events, rejecting dark count events. We report the results of the characterization for the pre-production FEBs batch, following the main figures of merit defined for the experiment, showing single photoelectron resolution better than 13% and dynamic range up to 250 photoelectrons.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/e07003
J. Shim, D. Jeon, Y. Jung, H. Yang, Y. Lim, H. Cho, C. Seo, K.Y. Choi, C. Sone, M.S. Jang
{"title":"Erratum: Design of stationary computed tomography baggage scanner with π-angle sparsity and compressed-sensing reconstruction: simulation study","authors":"J. Shim, D. Jeon, Y. Jung, H. Yang, Y. Lim, H. Cho, C. Seo, K.Y. Choi, C. Sone, M.S. Jang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/e07003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/e07003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"82 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The micro gas chromatography columns (μGCs) were prepared for rapid breath analysis of gastric cancer. The synergistic effect of the specific surface area and the action of pore diameter on the separation capacity was investigated. The μGC-IL/UIO-66 was prepared using [P66614][Cl]/UIO-66 as the stationary phase. For comparison, the μGC-IL and the μGC-UIO-66 were prepared using [P66614][Cl] and UIO-66 as stationary phase, respectively. [P66614][Cl]/UIO-66 had a high specific surface area with a pore diameter distribution of 0.49 nm. The high specific surface area of [P66614][Cl]/UIO-66 improved the efficiency of adsorption and desorption, while the porous structure with an appropriate pore diameter acted as an efficient molecular sieve, synergistically enhancing separation efficiency. So compared to the μGC-IL and the μGC-UIO-66, the HETP of μGC-IL/UIO-66 was reduced by 68.2% and 22.6%, respectively. In the analysis of volatile biomarkers (acetone, benzene, n-hexane and toluene) for gastric cancer, the resolutions between adjacent peaks were 1.96, 2.13 and 3.67, which met the requirements for quantitative analysis (R > 1.5). The retention times of acetone, benzene, n-hexane and toluene were 0.72 min, 0.96 min, 1.33 min and 1.67 min, which enables rapid analysis. All may suggest that the μGC-IL/UIO-66 has a promising application in rapid breath analysis of gastric cancer.
{"title":"Micro gas chromatography column using ionic liquid modified metal-organic framework as stationary phase for rapid breath analysis of gastric cancer","authors":"Guoqiang Hu, Zihao Wang, Feifei Yan, Hairong Wang, Xinyuan Hua, Kangning Zhang, Jialing Gao, Pengyu Dong, Shengbin Li, Cheng Cheng","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The micro gas chromatography columns (μGCs) were\u0000 prepared for rapid breath analysis of gastric cancer. The\u0000 synergistic effect of the specific surface area and the action of\u0000 pore diameter on the separation capacity was investigated. The\u0000 μGC-IL/UIO-66 was prepared using [P66614][Cl]/UIO-66 as the\u0000 stationary phase. For comparison, the μGC-IL and the\u0000 μGC-UIO-66 were prepared using [P66614][Cl] and UIO-66 as\u0000 stationary phase, respectively. [P66614][Cl]/UIO-66 had a high\u0000 specific surface area with a pore diameter distribution of\u0000 0.49 nm. The high specific surface area of [P66614][Cl]/UIO-66\u0000 improved the efficiency of adsorption and desorption, while the\u0000 porous structure with an appropriate pore diameter acted as an\u0000 efficient molecular sieve, synergistically enhancing separation\u0000 efficiency. So compared to the μGC-IL and the\u0000 μGC-UIO-66, the HETP of μGC-IL/UIO-66 was reduced by\u0000 68.2% and 22.6%, respectively. In the analysis of volatile\u0000 biomarkers (acetone, benzene, n-hexane and toluene) for gastric\u0000 cancer, the resolutions between adjacent peaks were 1.96, 2.13 and\u0000 3.67, which met the requirements for quantitative analysis\u0000 (R > 1.5). The retention times of acetone, benzene, n-hexane and\u0000 toluene were 0.72 min, 0.96 min, 1.33 min and 1.67 min, which\u0000 enables rapid analysis. All may suggest that the μGC-IL/UIO-66\u0000 has a promising application in rapid breath analysis of gastric\u0000 cancer.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"2020 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07002
H.N. Ratliff, T. Kögler, G. Pausch, L. Setterdahl, K. Skjerdal, J. Turko, I. Meric
This work details a Compton-scattering-based methodology, referred to as Backscatter Gating (BSG), for characterizing the time, energy, and position resolutions of long form factor organic scintillators using a single, fairly minimal measurement setup. Such a method can ease the experimental burden in scenarios where many such scintillator elements may need to be individually characterized before assembly into a larger detector system. A thorough theoretical exploration of the systematic parameters is provided, and the BSG method is then demonstrated by a series of experimental measurements. This “complete” characterization via the BSG method is novel, having previously been used primarily for energy resolution characterization. The method also allows for determination of the assembled scintillator's technical attenuation length and provides a means of verifying the presence or absence of flaws within the scintillator or its optical coupling.
{"title":"The Backscatter Gating method for time, energy, and position resolution characterization of long form factor organic scintillators","authors":"H.N. Ratliff, T. Kögler, G. Pausch, L. Setterdahl, K. Skjerdal, J. Turko, I. Meric","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07002","url":null,"abstract":"This work details a Compton-scattering-based methodology, referred to as Backscatter Gating (BSG), for characterizing the time, energy, and position resolutions of long form factor organic scintillators using a single, fairly minimal measurement setup. Such a method can ease the experimental burden in scenarios where many such scintillator elements may need to be individually characterized before assembly into a larger detector system. A thorough theoretical exploration of the systematic parameters is provided, and the BSG method is then demonstrated by a series of experimental measurements. This “complete” characterization via the BSG method is novel, having previously been used primarily for energy resolution characterization. The method also allows for determination of the assembled scintillator's technical attenuation length and provides a means of verifying the presence or absence of flaws within the scintillator or its optical coupling.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07031
Xiangqi Tian, Siqi He, Yi Zhou, M. Shao, Jianbei Liu, Zhiyong Zhang, Lunlin Shang, Xu Wang
In this paper, we introduce a novel single amplification-stage Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD) that incorporates a Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC)-based resistive electrode at the bottom of micro-groove structures, the micro-Resistive Groove (μRGroove) detector. The μRGroove shares a similar compact stack geometry with the micro-Resistive WELL (μRWELL) detector, but it distinguishes itself by employing a groove structure for charge amplification instead of a well. The top metal layer of the grooves naturally forms an array of strips. By incorporating additional 1-dimensional (1D) readout strips beneath the DLC electrode, a 2-dimensional (2D) strip-readout scheme can be easily implemented. Two prototypes of the μRGroove (10 cm× 10 cm) were manufactured in 2022 at CERN, and their performance was evaluated through X-ray and beam tests. The results indicate a gas gain > 104, an energy resolution of ~ 25%, and negligible charging-up effects for 8 keV Cu X-rays. Additionally, the detection efficiency was found to be ~ 95%, with a position resolution of ∼ 75 μm for 150-GeV/c muons. The μRGroove boasts a compact design and robustness against discharges. Furthermore, compared to the μRWELL, it offers cost savings in detector fabrication and yields significantly higher signal amplitude (approximately double) at the same gas gain. These attributes position the μRGroove as a promising candidate for large-area and low-material-budget tracking applications.
{"title":"The micro-resistive groove detector: a new compact single amplification-stage MPGD","authors":"Xiangqi Tian, Siqi He, Yi Zhou, M. Shao, Jianbei Liu, Zhiyong Zhang, Lunlin Shang, Xu Wang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we introduce a novel single\u0000 amplification-stage Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD) that\u0000 incorporates a Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC)-based resistive electrode\u0000 at the bottom of micro-groove structures, the micro-Resistive Groove\u0000 (μRGroove) detector. The μRGroove shares a similar compact\u0000 stack geometry with the micro-Resistive WELL (μRWELL) detector,\u0000 but it distinguishes itself by employing a groove structure for\u0000 charge amplification instead of a well. The top metal layer of the\u0000 grooves naturally forms an array of strips. By incorporating\u0000 additional 1-dimensional (1D) readout strips beneath the DLC\u0000 electrode, a 2-dimensional (2D) strip-readout scheme can be easily\u0000 implemented. Two prototypes of the μRGroove\u0000 (10 cm× 10 cm) were manufactured in 2022 at CERN,\u0000 and their performance was evaluated through X-ray and beam\u0000 tests. The results indicate a gas gain > 104, an energy\u0000 resolution of ~ 25%, and negligible charging-up effects for\u0000 8 keV Cu X-rays. Additionally, the detection efficiency was found\u0000 to be ~ 95%, with a position resolution of ∼ 75 μm\u0000 for 150-GeV/c muons. The μRGroove boasts a compact design and\u0000 robustness against discharges. Furthermore, compared to the \u0000 μRWELL, it offers cost savings in detector fabrication and\u0000 yields significantly higher signal amplitude (approximately double)\u0000 at the same gas gain. These attributes position the μRGroove as\u0000 a promising candidate for large-area and low-material-budget\u0000 tracking applications.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07030
N. Brown, Tommy Ao, Daniel H. Dolan, Marcus D. Knudson, J. Lane
We present DENNIS (Diffraction Experiment desigN and aNalysiS): a graphical software tool useful for the design and analysis of dynamic x-ray diffraction experiments, such as those performed on the Z Pulsed Power Facility, Thor Pulsed Power Generator, and Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS) of the Advanced Photon Source. DENNIS provides rapid powder and single-crystal diffraction pattern predictions and powder diffraction pattern image integration in three-dimensional geometries. Additional features include crystallographic information file reading, image processing, and synthetic diffraction pattern image generation. We overview the software's capabilities, detail the prediction and integration methodologies, and provide example implementations on Z and DCS experiments.
我们介绍的 DENNIS（衍射实验设计和分析）是一种图形软件工具，可用于设计和分析动态 X 射线衍射实验，例如在先进光子源的 Z 脉冲功率设施、雷神脉冲功率发生器和动态压缩扇区（DCS）上进行的实验。DENNIS 提供快速的粉末和单晶衍射图样预测以及粉末衍射图样三维几何图像集成。其他功能包括晶体学信息文件读取、图像处理和合成衍射图样图像生成。我们概述了该软件的功能，详细介绍了预测和整合方法，并提供了 Z 和 DCS 实验的实施示例。
{"title":"DENNIS: a design and analysis tool for dynamic material x-ray diffraction experiments","authors":"N. Brown, Tommy Ao, Daniel H. Dolan, Marcus D. Knudson, J. Lane","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We present DENNIS (Diffraction Experiment desigN and\u0000 aNalysiS): a graphical software tool useful for the design and\u0000 analysis of dynamic x-ray diffraction experiments, such as those\u0000 performed on the Z Pulsed Power Facility, Thor Pulsed Power\u0000 Generator, and Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS) of the Advanced\u0000 Photon Source. DENNIS provides rapid powder and single-crystal\u0000 diffraction pattern predictions and powder diffraction pattern image\u0000 integration in three-dimensional geometries. Additional features\u0000 include crystallographic information file reading, image processing,\u0000 and synthetic diffraction pattern image generation. We overview the\u0000 software's capabilities, detail the prediction and integration\u0000 methodologies, and provide example implementations on Z and DCS\u0000 experiments.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07003
R. Behrens
Reference beta-particle radiation fields are well described in the standard series ISO 6980 issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In its 2022/2023 edition, two new radiation fields are defined consisting of a radioactive 90Sr/90Y source and a 3 mm or 4 mm plastic absorber located 4 cm in front of the source — with the reference plane of the radiation field being located 20 cm from the source. In this work, the detailed method of how to implement and use these new radiation fields using a Beta Secondary Standard, BSS 2, is described. Furthermore, the influence of the position and thickness of the plastic absorber on the radiation field, i.e., on its spectral and angular distribution as well as on the dose rate, was investigated. It turned out that a change of position by one centimeter or a thickness change of a tenth of a millimeter result in significant changes of the dose rate (∼ 7 % to ∼ 10 %). Finally, the dependence of the angular and spectral distribution on the position and thickness of the absorber was investigated in detail.
{"title":"Implementation of energy reduced 90Sr/90Y radiation fields, or: Propagation of beta radiation, a case study","authors":"R. Behrens","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07003","url":null,"abstract":"Reference beta-particle radiation fields are well described in the standard series ISO 6980 issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In its 2022/2023 edition, two new radiation fields are defined consisting of a radioactive 90Sr/90Y source and a 3 mm or 4 mm plastic absorber located 4 cm in front of the source — with the reference plane of the radiation field being located 20 cm from the source. In this work, the detailed method of how to implement and use these new radiation fields using a Beta Secondary Standard, BSS 2, is described. Furthermore, the influence of the position and thickness of the plastic absorber on the radiation field, i.e., on its spectral and angular distribution as well as on the dose rate, was investigated. It turned out that a change of position by one centimeter or a thickness change of a tenth of a millimeter result in significant changes of the dose rate (∼ 7 % to ∼ 10 %). Finally, the dependence of the angular and spectral distribution on the position and thickness of the absorber was investigated in detail.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"40 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the past decade, many diagnostic instruments have been developed that utilize electronic pulse dilation to achieve temporal resolution in the sub-10 ps range. The motivation behind these development efforts was the need for advanced diagnostics in high-density physics experiments around the world. This technology converts the signal of interest into a free electron cloud, which is accelerated into a vacuum drift space. The acceleration potential varies over time and causes axial velocity dispersion in the electron cloud. This velocity dispersion is converted into time separation after electrons pass through drift space. Then, traditional time resolved methods were used to detect free electrons, and the effective temporal resolution was magnified many times. A gated microchannel plate (MCP) X-ray framing camera based on pulse-dilation technology has been designed and manufactured in the paper. Here, we discuss design details and applications of these instruments. The temporal resolution measured without using broadening technology is approximately 78 ps. When the excitation pulse is applied to the PC, the pulse dilation technique is used to increase the measured temporal resolution to 9 ps. The propagation speed of gated pulses in MCP microstrip lines was measured using fiber bundle method, which is approximately 1.8 × 108 m/s.
{"title":"Designed a photomultiplier tube X-ray framing camera based on pulse dilation technology","authors":"Wenyong Fu, Chenman Hu, Ling Li, Rongyan Zhou, Ping Chen","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07008","url":null,"abstract":"During the past decade, many diagnostic instruments have been developed that utilize electronic pulse dilation to achieve temporal resolution in the sub-10 ps range. The motivation behind these development efforts was the need for advanced diagnostics in high-density physics experiments around the world. This technology converts the signal of interest into a free electron cloud, which is accelerated into a vacuum drift space. The acceleration potential varies over time and causes axial velocity dispersion in the electron cloud. This velocity dispersion is converted into time separation after electrons pass through drift space. Then, traditional time resolved methods were used to detect free electrons, and the effective temporal resolution was magnified many times. A gated microchannel plate (MCP) X-ray framing camera based on pulse-dilation technology has been designed and manufactured in the paper. Here, we discuss design details and applications of these instruments. The temporal resolution measured without using broadening technology is approximately 78 ps. When the excitation pulse is applied to the PC, the pulse dilation technique is used to increase the measured temporal resolution to 9 ps. The propagation speed of gated pulses in MCP microstrip lines was measured using fiber bundle method, which is approximately 1.8 × 108 m/s.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"2 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07011
S.D. Park, J. Lee, H. Lee, H.J. Kim
The Korea invisible mass search (KIMS) experiment used CsI(Tl) crystals coupled with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to detect signals from weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) at room temperature. It is expected that combining CsI(Tl) crystals with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) will enhance the detection performance. However, SiPMs must operate at low temperatures to reduce the dark count rate. In this study, we examined the temperature dependence of CsI(Tl) crystal properties, including light yield, α/β ratio, decay time, and pulse shape discrimination, before integrating it with a SiPM. The CsI(Tl) crystal was placed in a low-temperature chamber with a radiation source, and scintillation photons were detected by a PMT positioned outside the chamber. The response of CsI(Tl) to α-particles and γ-rays was examined across temperatures ranging from 10 K to 300 K.
韩国隐形质量搜索（KIMS）实验使用铯碘（Tl）晶体耦合光电倍增管（PMT）来探测室温下弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMPs）的信号。预计将 CsI（Tl）晶体与硅光电倍增管（SiPM）相结合将提高探测性能。然而，硅光电倍增管必须在低温下工作，以降低暗计数率。在本研究中，我们在将铯碘(Tl)晶体与硅光电倍增管集成之前，研究了其特性（包括光产率、α/β 比、衰减时间和脉冲形状辨别）对温度的依赖性。将 CsI(Tl)晶体放置在一个带有辐射源的低温箱中，并通过放置在低温箱外的 PMT 检测闪烁光子。在 10 K 到 300 K 的温度范围内，对 CsI(Tl) 对 α 粒子和 γ 射线的响应进行了研究。
{"title":"Investigation of scintillation properties of a CsI(Tl) crystal at low temperature for dark matter search","authors":"S.D. Park, J. Lee, H. Lee, H.J. Kim","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Korea invisible mass search (KIMS) experiment used\u0000 CsI(Tl) crystals coupled with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to detect\u0000 signals from weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) at room\u0000 temperature. It is expected that combining CsI(Tl) crystals with\u0000 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) will enhance the detection\u0000 performance. However, SiPMs must operate at low temperatures to\u0000 reduce the dark count rate. In this study, we examined the\u0000 temperature dependence of CsI(Tl) crystal properties, including\u0000 light yield, α/β ratio, decay time, and pulse shape\u0000 discrimination, before integrating it with a SiPM. The CsI(Tl)\u0000 crystal was placed in a low-temperature chamber with a radiation\u0000 source, and scintillation photons were detected by a PMT positioned\u0000 outside the chamber. The response of CsI(Tl) to α-particles\u0000 and γ-rays was examined across temperatures ranging from\u0000 10 K to 300 K.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"15 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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