Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07007
I. Miloichikova, A. Bulavskaya, E. Bushmina, R. Dusaev, E. Gargioni, B. Gavrikov, A. Grigorieva, S. Stuchebrov
At present, a significant number of studies are focused on the development of novel methodologies for the fabrication of dosimetry phantoms. One of these methods is to produce heterogeneous samples by 3D printing. In order to select the most appropriate parameters for such products, it is necessary to conduct numerical simulations. In this work, we developed the model of a beam-forming system using a medical linear accelerator as a reference. This model was used to determine simulation parameters and corresponding dose distributions of an electron beam with nominal energies of 6, 12, and 15 MeV in a homogeneous water phantom. These parameters were, in fact, adapted to provide maximum agreement between simulated distributions and those experimentally obtained with the clinical linear accelerator. The beam simulation was performed using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. The simulation geometry of the accelerator treatment head includes scattering foil and a flattening filter, which are designed for electron beam broadening. Additionally, the beam-forming system was incorporated to collimate the beam to the required size. A metal applicator was included to reduce the contribution of electron scattering in air. The main simulation parameters were iteratively tuned by comparing simulation results with experimentally obtained data. It is shown that the simulated percentage depth dose and transverse profiles for electron beams in water phantom are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained with a cylindrical ionization chamber. This demonstrates that the methodology employed in the development of the numerical model of the medical linear accelerator is vendor-independent, readily implementable, and allows for rapid calculations. Furthermore, the model can be applied for a variety of purposes, including the selection of parameters for the fabrication of heterogeneous dosimetry phantoms.
{"title":"Development and verification of a Geant4 model of the electron beam mode in a clinical linear accelerator","authors":"I. Miloichikova, A. Bulavskaya, E. Bushmina, R. Dusaev, E. Gargioni, B. Gavrikov, A. Grigorieva, S. Stuchebrov","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 At present, a significant number of studies are focused on the development of novel methodologies for the fabrication of dosimetry phantoms. One of these methods is to produce heterogeneous samples by 3D printing. In order to select the most appropriate parameters for such products, it is necessary to conduct numerical simulations. In this work, we developed the model of a beam-forming system using a medical linear accelerator as a reference. This model was used to determine simulation parameters and corresponding dose distributions of an electron beam with nominal energies of 6, 12, and 15 MeV in a homogeneous water phantom. These parameters were, in fact, adapted to provide maximum agreement between simulated distributions and those experimentally obtained with the clinical linear accelerator. The beam simulation was performed using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. The simulation geometry of the accelerator treatment head includes scattering foil and a flattening filter, which are designed for electron beam broadening. Additionally, the beam-forming system was incorporated to collimate the beam to the required size. A metal applicator was included to reduce the contribution of electron scattering in air. The main simulation parameters were iteratively tuned by comparing simulation results with experimentally obtained data. It is shown that the simulated percentage depth dose and transverse profiles for electron beams in water phantom are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained with a cylindrical ionization chamber. This demonstrates that the methodology employed in the development of the numerical model of the medical linear accelerator is vendor-independent, readily implementable, and allows for rapid calculations. Furthermore, the model can be applied for a variety of purposes, including the selection of parameters for the fabrication of heterogeneous dosimetry phantoms.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07005
Lingxi Ye, Peng Sha, Z. Mi, Qun-Yao Wang, F. He, Rui Ge, Weimin Pan
The vertical test stand (VTS) plays a crucial role in evaluating the performance of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities. The VTS at the Platform of Advanced Photon Source Technology R&D (PAPS) has been developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IHEP). In this paper, the digitalization (based on Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) and integration functionalities of VTS was carried out, which simplified the vertical test and improved efficiency greatly. Several vertical tests have been conducted at this upgraded VTS successfully, which adopted digital self-excited loop (SEL) and Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS).
{"title":"Development of vertical test stand for SRF cavities at PAPS","authors":"Lingxi Ye, Peng Sha, Z. Mi, Qun-Yao Wang, F. He, Rui Ge, Weimin Pan","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The vertical test stand (VTS) plays a crucial role in\u0000 evaluating the performance of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF)\u0000 cavities. The VTS at the Platform of Advanced Photon Source\u0000 Technology R&D (PAPS) has been developed by the Institute of High\u0000 Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IHEP). In this paper,\u0000 the digitalization (based on Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)\u0000 and integration functionalities of VTS was carried out, which\u0000 simplified the vertical test and improved efficiency\u0000 greatly. Several vertical tests have been conducted at this upgraded\u0000 VTS successfully, which adopted digital self-excited loop (SEL) and\u0000 Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS).","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07010
T. Bakhshiyan, G. H. Hovhannisyan
The possibility of photonuclear production of 111In radioisotope has been investigated. The enriched target 112Sn was irradiated at the linear electron accelerator LUE-75 of A. Alikhanian National Science Laboratory (Yerevan, Armenia) at the bremsstrahlung endpoint energy Eγmax = 55 MeV. The cross section per equivalent quantum for reactions 112Sn(γ,x)111In, 112Sn(γ,n)111Sn, 112Sn(γ,2n)110Sn, 112Sn(γ,3n)109Sn,112 Sn(γ,pn)110mIn, 112Sn(γ,pn)110g110In, 112Sn(γ,p2n)109In have been measured via the method of activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The cross section per equivalent quantum of the 111In in photonuclear reaction was compared with its cross section in proton induced reaction on cadmium targets and other possible 111In production routes. It is shown that the photonuclear method can be used for the production of 111In.
{"title":"Formation of medical radioisotope 111In in photonuclear reactions","authors":"T. Bakhshiyan, G. H. Hovhannisyan","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The possibility of photonuclear production of 111In radioisotope has been\u0000 investigated. The enriched target 112Sn was irradiated at the linear electron accelerator\u0000 LUE-75 of A. Alikhanian National Science Laboratory (Yerevan, Armenia) at the bremsstrahlung\u0000 endpoint energy Eγmax = 55 MeV. The cross section per equivalent quantum for\u0000 reactions 112Sn(γ,x)111In, 112Sn(γ,n)111Sn,\u0000 112Sn(γ,2n)110Sn, 112Sn(γ,3n)109Sn,112\u0000 Sn(γ,pn)110mIn, 112Sn(γ,pn)110g110In,\u0000 112Sn(γ,p2n)109In have been measured via the method of activation and off-line\u0000 γ-ray spectrometric technique. The cross section per equivalent quantum of the 111In\u0000 in photonuclear reaction was compared with its cross section in proton induced reaction on cadmium\u0000 targets and other possible 111In production routes. It is shown that the photonuclear method\u0000 can be used for the production of 111In.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07006
Karthik Suresh, Neeltje Kackar, Luke Schleck, C. Fanelli
The complexity and sheer volume of information — encompassing documents, papers, data, and other resources — from large-scale experiments demand significant time and effort to navigate, making the task of accessing and utilizing these varied forms of information daunting, particularly for new collaborators and early-career scientists. To tackle this issue, a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)-based Summarization AI for EIC (RAGS4EIC) is under development. This AI-Agent not only condenses information but also effectively references relevant responses, offering substantial advantages for collaborators. Our project involves a two-step approach: first, querying a comprehensive vector database containing all pertinent experiment information; second, utilizing a Large Language Model (LLM) to generate concise summaries enriched with citations based on user queries and retrieved data. We describe the evaluation methods that use RAG assessments (RAGAs) scoring mechanisms to assess the effectiveness of responses. Furthermore, we describe the concept of prompt template based instruction-tuning which provides flexibility and accuracy in summarization. Importantly, the implementation relies on LangChain [1], which serves as the foundation of our entire workflow. This integration ensures efficiency and scalability, facilitating smooth deployment and accessibility for various user groups within the Electron Ion Collider (EIC) community. This innovative AI-driven framework not only simplifies the understanding of vast datasets but also encourages collaborative participation, thereby empowering researchers. As a demonstration, a web application has been developed to explain each stage of the RAG Agent development in detail. The application can be accessed at https://rags4eic-ai4eic.streamlit.app.[A tagged version of the source code can be found in https://github.com/ai4eic/EIC-RAG-Project/releases/tag/AI4EIC2023_PROCEEDING.]
{"title":"Towards a RAG-based summarization for the Electron Ion Collider","authors":"Karthik Suresh, Neeltje Kackar, Luke Schleck, C. Fanelli","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The complexity and sheer volume of information — encompassing documents, papers, data, and other resources — from large-scale experiments demand significant time and effort to navigate, making the task of accessing and utilizing these varied forms of information daunting, particularly for new collaborators and early-career scientists.\u0000To tackle this issue, a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)-based Summarization AI for EIC (RAGS4EIC) is under development. This AI-Agent not only condenses information but also effectively references relevant responses, offering substantial advantages for collaborators. Our project involves a two-step approach: first, querying a comprehensive vector database containing all pertinent experiment information; second, utilizing a Large Language Model (LLM) to generate concise summaries enriched with citations based on user queries and retrieved data. We describe the evaluation methods that use RAG assessments (RAGAs) scoring mechanisms to assess the effectiveness of responses. Furthermore, we describe the concept of prompt template based instruction-tuning which provides flexibility and accuracy in summarization. Importantly, the implementation relies on LangChain [1], which serves as the foundation of our entire workflow. This integration ensures efficiency and scalability, facilitating smooth deployment and accessibility for various user groups within the Electron Ion Collider (EIC) community. This innovative AI-driven framework not only simplifies the understanding of vast datasets but also encourages collaborative participation, thereby empowering researchers. As a demonstration, a web application has been developed to explain each stage of the RAG Agent development in detail. The application can be accessed at https://rags4eic-ai4eic.streamlit.app.[A tagged version of the source code can be found in https://github.com/ai4eic/EIC-RAG-Project/releases/tag/AI4EIC2023_PROCEEDING.]","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses an unanticipated fault detection, isolation, and compensation (FDIC) strategy for the arc splicing permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) operating under a promising 14.5-meter optical/infrared telescope drive system, specifically focusing on current sensors. The application is based on algebraic transformations that allow not only failure detection but also location and isolation. Besides, detection is performed merely by means of the measured current sensors and does not require additional knowledge or estimators; isolation utilizes information provided by detection to locate where the faults originated and release isolation signals; and compensation is carried out through the remaining currents that are not affected by the faults. It is noted from the results that the performance of FDIC in faulty mode is very acceptable and uncompromising in terms of fault detection, current symmetry, speed tracking, load torque and robustness remedial measures. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively ensure the stable operation of the drive system in the presence of faults.
{"title":"Current sensor unanticipated fault detection and compensation of 14.5-meter optical/infrared telescope drive system based on algebraic transformations","authors":"Zhuangzhuang Deng, Shihai Yang, Yun Li, Lingzhe Xu, Cong Pan, Canyi Jiang, Yanpeng Guo","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper discusses an unanticipated fault detection,\u0000 isolation, and compensation (FDIC) strategy for the arc splicing\u0000 permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) operating under a\u0000 promising 14.5-meter optical/infrared telescope drive system,\u0000 specifically focusing on current sensors. The application is based\u0000 on algebraic transformations that allow not only failure detection\u0000 but also location and isolation. Besides, detection is performed\u0000 merely by means of the measured current sensors and does not require\u0000 additional knowledge or estimators; isolation utilizes information\u0000 provided by detection to locate where the faults originated and\u0000 release isolation signals; and compensation is carried out through\u0000 the remaining currents that are not affected by the faults. It is\u0000 noted from the results that the performance of FDIC in faulty mode\u0000 is very acceptable and uncompromising in terms of fault detection,\u0000 current symmetry, speed tracking, load torque and robustness\u0000 remedial measures. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively\u0000 ensure the stable operation of the drive system in the presence of\u0000 faults.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07007
A. Noskov, S. Blazhevich
The work is devoted to the development of the theory of coherent X-ray radiation near the direction of Bragg scattering of a beam of relativistic electrons crossing a target with a periodic layered structure with three different amorphous layers per period. The coherent X-ray radiation is considered within the two-wave approximation of the dynamic theory of diffraction as a sum of parametric X-ray radiation and diffracted transition radiation excited in the target by a relativistic electron. Expressions describing the spectral-angular and angular densities of PXR and DTR have been obtained and studied.
该研究致力于发展相对论电子束穿过具有周期性层状结构（每周期有三个不同的非晶层）的靶时在布拉格散射方向附近的相干 X 射线辐射理论。相干 X 射线辐射在动态衍射理论的两波近似中被视为参数 X 射线辐射和相对论电子在靶中激发的衍射过渡辐射的总和。获得并研究了描述 PXR 和 DTR 的光谱角密度和角密度的表达式。
{"title":"Coherent X-ray radiation excited by a relativistic electron in a periodic layered medium","authors":"A. Noskov, S. Blazhevich","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07007","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the development of the theory of coherent X-ray radiation near the direction of Bragg scattering of a beam of relativistic electrons crossing a target with a periodic layered structure with three different amorphous layers per period. The coherent X-ray radiation is considered within the two-wave approximation of the dynamic theory of diffraction as a sum of parametric X-ray radiation and diffracted transition radiation excited in the target by a relativistic electron. Expressions describing the spectral-angular and angular densities of PXR and DTR have been obtained and studied.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141698768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07003
A. Hamzawy, M. Badawi, I. Ruskov, D. Grozdanov, M.I. Badawi, A. Thabet, Y. Kopatch, N. Fedorov, B. A. Salem, Tangra collaboration
Most gamma-ray scintillation detectors currently in use are made from inorganic materials that have a relatively high electron density. Quite often they are used to build multidetector systems that provide high scintillation light output. The performance of a gamma radiation detector (its detection efficiency) depends on the shape and size of the crystal, as well as on the source-to-detector geometry used. The NaI(Tl) gamma detector exhibits moderate energy resolution but relatively high gamma-ray detection efficiency and fast time response. In this work, the efficiency and resolution of a scintillation hexagonal detector are studied to optimize its response function. This type and size of scintillator were selected to construct a budget-friendly, reconfigurable, easy-to-maintain multidetector system for registering gamma-rays following fission, capture, and inelastic neutron scattering reactions, with reasonably good energy and time resolutions The research results made it possible to establish a geometric solid angle that increases the efficiency of recording gamma-ray radiation of the hexagonal NaI(Tl) scintillation probe under study.
{"title":"Calculation of efficiency and resolution of a hexagonal NaI(Tl) detector as a function of source position","authors":"A. Hamzawy, M. Badawi, I. Ruskov, D. Grozdanov, M.I. Badawi, A. Thabet, Y. Kopatch, N. Fedorov, B. A. Salem, Tangra collaboration","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Most gamma-ray scintillation detectors currently in use are made from inorganic materials that have a relatively high electron density. Quite often they are used to build multidetector systems that provide high scintillation light output. The performance of a gamma radiation detector (its detection efficiency) depends on the shape and size of the crystal, as well as on the source-to-detector geometry used. The NaI(Tl) gamma detector exhibits moderate energy resolution but relatively high gamma-ray detection efficiency and fast time response. In this work, the efficiency and resolution of a scintillation hexagonal detector are studied to optimize its response function. This type and size of scintillator were selected to construct a budget-friendly, reconfigurable, easy-to-maintain multidetector system for registering gamma-rays following fission, capture, and inelastic neutron scattering reactions, with reasonably good energy and time resolutions The research results made it possible to establish a geometric solid angle that increases the efficiency of recording gamma-ray radiation of the hexagonal NaI(Tl) scintillation probe under study.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/T07002
K.P. Wootton, W. J. Berg, M. Borland, A. Brill, J.M. Byrd, S. Chitra, J. Collins, J. Dooling, J. Edwards, L. Erwin, G. Fystro, T.L. Grabinski, M.J. Henry, E. Heyeck, R. Keane, S.-H. Lee, J. Lenner, I. Lobach, A. Lumpkin, A. Puttkammer, V. Sajaev, N. Sereno, Y. Sun, J. Wang, S.Y.G. Wang, A.A. Zholents
The Linac Extension Area has been developed into a beamline area for testing accelerator components and techniques. Beginning commissioning activities in February 2023, we have delivered the first electron beam to the Linac Extension Area at the Advanced Photon Source at 425 MeV. In the present work, we summarise the principal accelerator components and review safety controls of the Linac Extension Area.
{"title":"The Linac Extension Area at the Advanced Photon Source","authors":"K.P. Wootton, W. J. Berg, M. Borland, A. Brill, J.M. Byrd, S. Chitra, J. Collins, J. Dooling, J. Edwards, L. Erwin, G. Fystro, T.L. Grabinski, M.J. Henry, E. Heyeck, R. Keane, S.-H. Lee, J. Lenner, I. Lobach, A. Lumpkin, A. Puttkammer, V. Sajaev, N. Sereno, Y. Sun, J. Wang, S.Y.G. Wang, A.A. Zholents","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/T07002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/T07002","url":null,"abstract":"The Linac Extension Area has been developed into a beamline area for testing accelerator components and techniques. Beginning commissioning activities in February 2023, we have delivered the first electron beam to the Linac Extension Area at the Advanced Photon Source at 425 MeV. In the present work, we summarise the principal accelerator components and review safety controls of the Linac Extension Area.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141714695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07006
Huiying Li, Z. Fan, Shuaibin Liu, F. Lin, T. Hu, Yixiang Mo, Shuai Yuan, R. Xie, Jiale Sun, Haibo Yi, Zhipeng Liu, Jiulin Wu, H. Yuan, Yanliang Tan
Radon exhaled from rocks, building materials, and soil can be harmful to human health, so it is necessary to measure radon and its exhalation rate. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to simulate radon exhalation from different medium surface by using a solid Rn-222 source, and the radon exhalation rate can be adjusted by replacing radon accumulation chambers with different bottom areas. Firstly, an experiment was done to determine the activity of the Rn-222 source, and then the theoretical radon exhalation rate can be quickly calculated from the relationship between the radon source activity and the bottom area of the radon accumulation chamber. Three sets of comparative experiments were conducted using two radon accumulation chambers with different volumes, respectively. Comparing the average values obtained from the experiments with the calculated theoretical values, it can be obtained that the differences corresponding to the two radon accumulation chambers between the theoretical radon exhalation rates and the experimentally average values are all within 6%. Without replacing the radon source, the radon exhalation rate is inversely varies with the bottom area of the chamber. Therefore, the correctness of adjusting the radon exhalation rate by replacing radon accumulation chambers with different bottom areas to simulate radon exhalation from different media surfaces is verified. This method can be used to calibrate the radon exhalation measuring instruments.
{"title":"A novel method to simulate radon exhalation rate with a solid Rn-222 source","authors":"Huiying Li, Z. Fan, Shuaibin Liu, F. Lin, T. Hu, Yixiang Mo, Shuai Yuan, R. Xie, Jiale Sun, Haibo Yi, Zhipeng Liu, Jiulin Wu, H. Yuan, Yanliang Tan","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Radon exhaled from rocks, building materials, and soil can\u0000 be harmful to human health, so it is necessary to measure radon and\u0000 its exhalation rate. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to\u0000 simulate radon exhalation from different medium surface by using a\u0000 solid Rn-222 source, and the radon exhalation rate can be adjusted\u0000 by replacing radon accumulation chambers with different bottom\u0000 areas. Firstly, an experiment was done to determine the activity of\u0000 the Rn-222 source, and then the theoretical radon exhalation rate\u0000 can be quickly calculated from the relationship between the radon\u0000 source activity and the bottom area of the radon accumulation\u0000 chamber. Three sets of comparative experiments were conducted using\u0000 two radon accumulation chambers with different volumes,\u0000 respectively. Comparing the average values obtained from the\u0000 experiments with the calculated theoretical values, it can be\u0000 obtained that the differences corresponding to the two radon\u0000 accumulation chambers between the theoretical radon exhalation rates\u0000 and the experimentally average values are all within 6%. Without\u0000 replacing the radon source, the radon exhalation rate is inversely\u0000 varies with the bottom area of the chamber. Therefore, the\u0000 correctness of adjusting the radon exhalation rate by replacing\u0000 radon accumulation chambers with different bottom areas to simulate\u0000 radon exhalation from different media surfaces is verified. This\u0000 method can be used to calibrate the radon exhalation measuring\u0000 instruments.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07023
G. F. Ding, Y. Ye, R. Chen, G.S. Xu, Y. Yu, X. Lin, Q.Q. Yang, W. Zhang, Y. Li, N. Yan, S.C. Liu, L. Wang, T. Zhang, T.F. Zhou, D.G. Wu
Helium Beam Emission Spectroscopy (He-BES) diagnostic has been developed on EAST, which is able to measure the edge electron density and temperature profiles simultaneously using a helium line intensity ratio method. The diagnostic includes the beam injector and the detection system. There are 20 observation channels within an observation range of 80 mm in the detection system at the low filed side, which can cover the whole scrape-off layer (SOL) and part of the pedestal region of EAST. The beam injector system has been upgraded to Supersonic Molecular Beam Injector (SMBI) system to realize deeper helium injection since the 2021 campaign. Four spectral lines at wavelengths of 728.1 nm, 706.5 nm, 667.8 nm and 656.3 nm are detected by the He-BES. The first three spectral lines, including 728.1 nm, 706.5 nm, 667.8 nm, are measured for calculating edge n e and T e profiles based on the collisional-radiative model (CRM) model, and the last spectral line (656.3 nm) is used for the measurement of D α emission. The edge electrostatic fluctuations can be obtained from the power spectrum of D α emission. The electron density and temperature profiles calculated from the 667.8/728.1 and 728.1/706.5 nm line ratios are in good agreement with those from other diagnostics in the edge region of plasma. The self-consistency of He-BES diagnostic is also verified, such as the density pump out caused by LHW and the lower edge temperature caused by the lower heating power.
在EAST上开发了氦束发射光谱（He-BES）诊断系统，它能够使用氦线强度比方法同时测量边缘电子密度和温度曲线。该诊断仪包括光束注入器和探测系统。探测系统在低滤波侧有20个观测通道，观测范围为80毫米，可覆盖EAST的整个刮除层（SOL）和部分基座区。从2021年开始，光束注入系统升级为超音速分子光束注入系统（SMBI），以实现更深的氦注入。He-BES 探测到波长为 728.1 nm、706.5 nm、667.8 nm 和 656.3 nm 的四条谱线。前三条光谱线（包括 728.1 nm、706.5 nm 和 667.8 nm）用于根据碰撞辐射模型（CRM）计算边缘 n e 和 T e 曲线，最后一条光谱线（656.3 nm）用于测量 D α 发射。边缘静电波动可以从 D α 发射的功率谱中获得。根据 667.8/728.1 和 728.1/706.5 nm 线比计算出的电子密度和温度曲线与等离子体边缘区域的其他诊断结果非常吻合。He-BES 诊断的自洽性也得到了验证，如 LHW 导致的密度泵出和较低加热功率导致的较低边缘温度。
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