Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07005
A. Abrahamyan, R. Chilingaryan, S. A. Mkhitaryan, V. Kocharyan, A.A. Margaryan, A. H. Mkrtchyan
In this paper obtained results of two experimental investigations are presented: on the acceleration of electrons in low-pressure acoustoplasma discharge and acceleration of plasma bunch-plasmoids in the air. The first experimental results on the acceleration of electrons in the low-pressure discharge were obtained in 2008. In the current paper an attempt to explain the obtained results by means of wake accelerations of particles in electromagnetic fields without utilization of usual drivers is made. Formerly calculated theoretical data for accelerated particles even in the energy range of 10–100 eV are experimentally confirmed. Experimental investigations on origination and initiating acceleration of plasma bunches in crossed fields in the air were conducted in 2023. In the current paper the obtained first results on acceleration of the originated long-life plasmoids in the air are presented as an announcement of our planned subsequent corresponding investigations. To carry out corresponding experiments a unique experimental setup, as well as appropriate devices and equipment were developed. A new conceptual model of a plasmoid is offered. The realization of this concept opens the possibility of carrying out the experimental investigations of the phenomena of origination of long-life plasmoids in air. During the experimental investigations, any ionizing additives into the discharge were not injected.
本文介绍了两项实验研究的结果：低压声等离子体放电中的电子加速度和空气中等离子体束-等离子体的加速度。关于低压放电中电子加速度的首次实验结果于 2008 年获得。本文试图通过电磁场中粒子的唤醒加速来解释所获得的结果，而不使用通常的驱动程序。实验证实了之前计算出的粒子加速理论数据，甚至在 10-100 eV 的能量范围内。2023 年，对空气中交叉磁场中等离子体束的起源和启动加速进行了实验研究。本文介绍了在空气中加速长寿命等离子体的初步结果，并宣布了我们计划进行的后续相应研究。为了进行相应的实验，我们开发了一个独特的实验装置以及适当的装置和设备。我们提供了一个新的等离子体概念模型。这一概念的实现为开展空气中长寿命等离子体起源现象的实验研究提供了可能。在实验研究期间，没有向放电中注入任何电离添加剂。
{"title":"On the possibility of accelerating charged particles in the low-pressure acoustoplasma and plasma bunches in the air","authors":"A. Abrahamyan, R. Chilingaryan, S. A. Mkhitaryan, V. Kocharyan, A.A. Margaryan, A. H. Mkrtchyan","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper obtained results of two experimental investigations are presented: on the acceleration of electrons in low-pressure acoustoplasma discharge and acceleration of plasma bunch-plasmoids in the air. The first experimental results on the acceleration of electrons in the low-pressure discharge were obtained in 2008. In the current paper an attempt to explain the obtained results by means of wake accelerations of particles in electromagnetic fields without utilization of usual drivers is made. Formerly calculated theoretical data for accelerated particles even in the energy range of 10–100 eV are experimentally confirmed. Experimental investigations on origination and initiating acceleration of plasma bunches in crossed fields in the air were conducted in 2023. In the current paper the obtained first results on acceleration of the originated long-life plasmoids in the air are presented as an announcement of our planned subsequent corresponding investigations. To carry out corresponding experiments a unique experimental setup, as well as appropriate devices and equipment were developed. A new conceptual model of a plasmoid is offered. The realization of this concept opens the possibility of carrying out the experimental investigations of the phenomena of origination of long-life plasmoids in air. During the experimental investigations, any ionizing additives into the discharge were not injected.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07017
S.Y. Lin, R.J. Zhou, K. K. Artemev, J.Z. Zhang, J.L. Zhao, G.Q. Zhong
We report in this paper the development of the single crystal diamond detector as a fast neutron spectroscopy in the EAST tokamak. The diamond detector is used to detect the fast neutron directly without any neutron converter during the deuterium-deuterium fusion experiment, then the neutron energy spectrum is reconstructed from the recorded continuous scattered spectrum by using a deconvolution algorithm. The results indicate the capability of the diamond spectroscopy which can be used directly to monitor the fast neutron flux and energy spectrum in the EAST tokamak.
我们在本文中报告了单晶金刚石探测器作为 EAST 托卡马克中快中子光谱仪的开发情况。在氘-氘核聚变实验中，金刚石探测器在不使用任何中子转换器的情况下直接用于探测快中子，然后利用解卷积算法从记录的连续散射谱重建中子能谱。结果表明金刚石光谱仪能够直接用于监测 EAST 托卡马克中的快中子通量和能谱。
{"title":"Development of diamond detector as fast neutron spectroscopy in the EAST tokamak","authors":"S.Y. Lin, R.J. Zhou, K. K. Artemev, J.Z. Zhang, J.L. Zhao, G.Q. Zhong","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We report in this paper the development of the single\u0000 crystal diamond detector as a fast neutron spectroscopy in the EAST\u0000 tokamak. The diamond detector is used to detect the fast neutron\u0000 directly without any neutron converter during the\u0000 deuterium-deuterium fusion experiment, then the neutron energy\u0000 spectrum is reconstructed from the recorded continuous scattered\u0000 spectrum by using a deconvolution algorithm. The results indicate\u0000 the capability of the diamond spectroscopy which can be used\u0000 directly to monitor the fast neutron flux and energy spectrum in the\u0000 EAST tokamak.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07029
Z. Ji, X. Ju, S. Lu, S. Liu, T. Sun, S. Zhang, Z. Sheng, F. Gan, Z. Liu, T. Wang
The paper presents the design and test results of an 11-bit successive approximation register (SAR) ADC, suitable for massive on-chip integration in a pixel readout chip. The objective is to establish new digital readout architectures for X-ray pixel detectors at future X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities, enabling high frame rates and a high dynamic range simultaneously. The prototype chip has been designed and fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS process, with the core circuit occupying an area of ~ 0.034 mm2. The measured differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) are +0.78/-0.78 LSB and +0.58/-0.52 LSB, respectively. The signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SINAD) is 61.6 dB at 2 MS/s, achieving an effective number of bit (ENOB) of ~ 9.94-bit. The core circuit power consumption is 47 μW at 2 MS/s with a 1.2 V supply.
{"title":"An 11-bit SAR ADC for high frame rate and high-dynamic X-ray imaging at future XFELs","authors":"Z. Ji, X. Ju, S. Lu, S. Liu, T. Sun, S. Zhang, Z. Sheng, F. Gan, Z. Liu, T. Wang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper presents the design and test results of an 11-bit\u0000 successive approximation register (SAR) ADC, suitable for massive\u0000 on-chip integration in a pixel readout chip. The objective is to\u0000 establish new digital readout architectures for X-ray pixel\u0000 detectors at future X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities,\u0000 enabling high frame rates and a high dynamic range\u0000 simultaneously. The prototype chip has been designed and fabricated\u0000 in a 130 nm CMOS process, with the core circuit occupying an area\u0000 of ~ 0.034 mm2. The measured differential nonlinearity (DNL)\u0000 and integral nonlinearity (INL) are +0.78/-0.78 LSB and\u0000 +0.58/-0.52 LSB, respectively. The signal-to-noise-and-distortion\u0000 ratio (SINAD) is 61.6 dB at 2 MS/s, achieving an effective number\u0000 of bit (ENOB) of ~ 9.94-bit. The core circuit power consumption\u0000 is 47 μW at 2 MS/s with a 1.2 V supply.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"78 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07026
Zhongbin Hang, Yuntao Liu, Mingzhe Song, Kexin Wei, Hongyu Wang, Qingran Li, Ning Ni, Xu Zhao, Tao Sun, Fei Gao
The application of more and more low-energy, low-dose-rate photon radiation seeds in brachytherapy. According to the TG43 report and TG43-U1 report issued by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine, both apparent activity and air kerma strength are physical characterization parameters of brachytherapy seed strength,which are needed to convert into water absorbed dose at the depth of 1 cm. At present, the method of obtaining the water absorbed dose is to convert the air kerma strength, the uncertainty of results exceeds 5% (k = 1), which could reduce the cure rate of the treatment. In order to address this issue ,the China Institute of Atomic Energy has designed a device that can directly replicate the water absorbed dose of 125I brachytherapy seeds,which is an extrapolation chamber embedded with water equivalent material. In order to evaluate the performance of the extrapolation chamber, a series of experiments were carried out, including partial pressure test, leakage current, saturation curve, response linearity, collection area and zero point position. The test results show that the performance parameters of the extrapolation chamber meet the relevant requirements.
近距离治疗中应用越来越多的低能量、低剂量率光子辐射粒子。根据美国医学物理学家协会（American Association of Physicists in Medicine）发布的 TG43 报告和 TG43-U1 报告，表观活度和空气热玛强度都是近距离放射粒子强度的物理表征参数，需要换算成 1 厘米深度的水吸收剂量。目前，获取水吸收剂量的方法是将空气热玛强度换算成水吸收剂量，其结果的不确定性超过 5%（k = 1），可能会降低治疗的治愈率。针对这一问题，中国原子能科学研究院设计了一种可直接复制 125I 近距离放射粒子水吸收剂量的装置，即嵌入水当量材料的外推室。为了评估外推室的性能，进行了一系列实验，包括分压测试、泄漏电流、饱和曲线、响应线性度、收集面积和零点位置。测试结果表明，外推室的性能参数符合相关要求。
{"title":"Development and performance testing of a chamber for absorbed dose in water absolute measurement for 125I brachytherapy seeds","authors":"Zhongbin Hang, Yuntao Liu, Mingzhe Song, Kexin Wei, Hongyu Wang, Qingran Li, Ning Ni, Xu Zhao, Tao Sun, Fei Gao","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/p07026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The application of more and more low-energy, low-dose-rate\u0000 photon radiation seeds in brachytherapy. According to the TG43 report\u0000 and TG43-U1 report issued by the American Association of Physicists\u0000 in Medicine, both apparent activity and air kerma strength are\u0000 physical characterization parameters of brachytherapy seed\u0000 strength,which are needed to convert into water absorbed dose at the\u0000 depth of 1 cm. At present, the method of obtaining the water\u0000 absorbed dose is to convert the air kerma strength, the uncertainty\u0000 of results exceeds 5% (k = 1), which could reduce the cure rate\u0000 of the treatment. In order to address this issue ,the China\u0000 Institute of Atomic Energy has designed a device that can directly\u0000 replicate the water absorbed dose of 125I brachytherapy\u0000 seeds,which is an extrapolation chamber embedded with water\u0000 equivalent material. In order to evaluate the performance of the\u0000 extrapolation chamber, a series of experiments were carried out,\u0000 including partial pressure test, leakage current, saturation curve,\u0000 response linearity, collection area and zero point position. The\u0000 test results show that the performance parameters of the\u0000 extrapolation chamber meet the relevant requirements.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"330 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07007
Baosheng Wang, Kuobin Liu, Y. Wong
This paper delves into implementing multi-module parallel current output using the existing TPS storage ring correction magnet power supply. We have devised a control interface card with N+1 redundancy to facilitate bipolar high-current parallel module output. To achieve this, we have employed various current feedback methods, including external DC Current Transducer (DCCT) and internal module current feedback signals. Following PI compensation, these feedback signals are amalgamated with reference current signals to compute compensation values for each module, which are subsequently disseminated to each Corrector Magnet Power Supply (CMPS) for modulation, thereby enabling closed-loop current control. A single CMPS module can deliver ± 48 V/± 10 A output, while up to eight CMPS modules can be interconnected, yielding a maximum output of ± 80 A. Through numerous experimental measurements, the long-term output current stability remains within 0.6 mA, or 7.5 ppm, with the output current spectrum predominantly maintained within 500 μA. Furthermore, the system boasts N+1 redundancy functionality and bipolar output current characteristics. These exemplary performance attributes underscore the criticality of our design for future applications of TPS magnet power supplies.
{"title":"Realization of modularized corrector magnet power supply with N+1 redundancy for TPS facilities","authors":"Baosheng Wang, Kuobin Liu, Y. Wong","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/t07007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper delves into implementing multi-module parallel\u0000 current output using the existing TPS storage ring correction magnet\u0000 power supply. We have devised a control interface card with N+1\u0000 redundancy to facilitate bipolar high-current parallel module\u0000 output. To achieve this, we have employed various current feedback\u0000 methods, including external DC Current Transducer (DCCT) and\u0000 internal module current feedback signals. Following PI compensation,\u0000 these feedback signals are amalgamated with reference current\u0000 signals to compute compensation values for each module, which are\u0000 subsequently disseminated to each Corrector Magnet Power Supply\u0000 (CMPS) for modulation, thereby enabling closed-loop current\u0000 control. A single CMPS module can deliver ± 48 V/± 10 A\u0000 output, while up to eight CMPS modules can be interconnected,\u0000 yielding a maximum output of ± 80 A. Through numerous\u0000 experimental measurements, the long-term output current stability\u0000 remains within 0.6 mA, or 7.5 ppm, with the output current\u0000 spectrum predominantly maintained within 500 μA. Furthermore,\u0000 the system boasts N+1 redundancy functionality and bipolar output\u0000 current characteristics. These exemplary performance attributes\u0000 underscore the criticality of our design for future applications of\u0000 TPS magnet power supplies.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/c06002
H. Eritsyan, A. Lalayan, A. Margaryan, H. Arakelyan
Fraunhofer diffraction of an electromagnetic wave by a slit on an opaque screen located between vacuum and an anisotropic medium with closed and open wave vectors surface is considered. A formula for diffraction in a material medium is obtained, including the case of diffraction into a uniaxial anisotropic medium in the absence of absorption, and the formation of diffraction minima and maxima is studied.
{"title":"Diffraction of light by a slit in anisotropic media with closed and open wave vector surface","authors":"H. Eritsyan, A. Lalayan, A. Margaryan, H. Arakelyan","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/c06002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/c06002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fraunhofer diffraction of an electromagnetic wave by a slit on an opaque screen located between vacuum and an anisotropic medium with closed and open wave vectors surface is considered. A formula for diffraction in a material medium is obtained, including the case of diffraction into a uniaxial anisotropic medium in the absence of absorption, and the formation of diffraction minima and maxima is studied.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"51 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/t06001
Y. Wong, Kuo-Bin Liu, Chen-Yao Liu, Bao-sheng Wang, Jhao-Cyuan Huang
The Taiwan Light Source (TLS) is a synchrotron radiation facility located in Taiwan. The booster ring at TLS injects electrons into the storage ring, which then circulates the electrons to produce synchrotron radiation for various experiments. The Taiwan Light Source (TLS) has been in service for more than 20 years, and some of the power supplies used in the facility are old and hard to maintain repair and the component are phase-out. The upgrade is specifically aimed at replacing the power supply for the BTS (Booster to Storage ring) transmission line with a new machine. During the regular shunt down time, dipole magnet power supply replacements were completed. The main reason for using the Chroma 62075H-30E power supply is commonality, for this machine is widely used in Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), and the output current of the power supply is paralleled to a dipole magnet. Therefore, a total of 17 power supplies are used in this upgrade planned to be executed. This novel generation upgrade design is important because the power supply for the BTS transmission line is critical for the operation of the facility, as it is responsible for maintaining the electron beam at a stable energy level as it is injected from the booster ring into the storage ring. A more reliable and efficient power supply can help improve the stability and quality of the electron beam, leading to better experimental results and more efficient use of the facility. Overall, this novel generation upgrade design is part of the ongoing effort to modernize and improve the infrastructure of the TLS, ensuring that it remains a state-of-the-art research facility for years to come.
{"title":"A novel generation design dipole magnet power supply of booster to storage ring transport line in NSRRC","authors":"Y. Wong, Kuo-Bin Liu, Chen-Yao Liu, Bao-sheng Wang, Jhao-Cyuan Huang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/t06001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/t06001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Taiwan Light Source (TLS) is a synchrotron radiation\u0000 facility located in Taiwan. The booster ring at TLS injects\u0000 electrons into the storage ring, which then circulates the electrons\u0000 to produce synchrotron radiation for various experiments. The Taiwan\u0000 Light Source (TLS) has been in service for more than 20 years, and\u0000 some of the power supplies used in the facility are old and hard to\u0000 maintain repair and the component are phase-out. The upgrade is\u0000 specifically aimed at replacing the power supply for the BTS\u0000 (Booster to Storage ring) transmission line with a new\u0000 machine. During the regular shunt down time, dipole magnet power\u0000 supply replacements were completed. The main reason for using the\u0000 Chroma 62075H-30E power supply is commonality, for this machine is\u0000 widely used in Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), and the output current of\u0000 the power supply is paralleled to a dipole magnet. Therefore, a\u0000 total of 17 power supplies are used in this upgrade planned to be\u0000 executed. This novel generation upgrade design is important because\u0000 the power supply for the BTS transmission line is critical for the\u0000 operation of the facility, as it is responsible for maintaining the\u0000 electron beam at a stable energy level as it is injected from the\u0000 booster ring into the storage ring. A more reliable and efficient\u0000 power supply can help improve the stability and quality of the\u0000 electron beam, leading to better experimental results and more\u0000 efficient use of the facility. Overall, this novel generation\u0000 upgrade design is part of the ongoing effort to modernize and\u0000 improve the infrastructure of the TLS, ensuring that it remains a\u0000 state-of-the-art research facility for years to come.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/p06003
D.Z. Wang, X.Y. Hua, G.Q. Hu, Z.H. Wang, F.F. Yan, K.N. Zhang, C. Cheng, S.B. Li, X.Y. Wu, H.R. Wang
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Currently, its diagnosis relies primarily on imaging and histological examinations, which are invasive and prone to misdiagnosis in the early stage. To address these limitations, detection and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath can be a rapid and non-invasive screening method for NAFLD. In this study, a compact breath breathalyzer was developed, utilizing a miniaturized gas chromatography chip with the STM32 microcontroller as the main control chip to manage airflow, temperature, and receive terminal signals from the photoionization detector. In the experiment, a gas mixture comprising five VOCs (pentane, acetone, toluene, octane, and decane) was selected as the simulated typical disease biomarkers in human breath to investigate the breathalyzer's performance and optimize testing conditions for multi-polar and wide-boiling-range breath samples. Results show that the breathalyzer can detect low-boiling components (< 100°C) such as the isoprene and acetone, with a detection limit less than 50 ppb which are two commonly biomarkers of NAFLD. Furthermore, breath samples were collected from 35 non-diseased individuals, and NAFLD early-stage patient samples were simulated by increasing the isoprene concentration by 10 ppb. Convolutional neural network (CNN) were used to identify the VOC signatures in gas chromatograms with predictive accuracy of 85% for the classification model. Therefore, the compact breath breathalyzer has potential application in the rapid and early screening of NAFLD.
{"title":"A compact breath breathalyzer for identifying the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease biomarker","authors":"D.Z. Wang, X.Y. Hua, G.Q. Hu, Z.H. Wang, F.F. Yan, K.N. Zhang, C. Cheng, S.B. Li, X.Y. Wu, H.R. Wang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/p06003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/p06003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent\u0000 chronic liver disease worldwide. Currently, its diagnosis relies\u0000 primarily on imaging and histological examinations, which are\u0000 invasive and prone to misdiagnosis in the early stage. To address\u0000 these limitations, detection and analysis of volatile organic\u0000 compounds (VOCs) in human breath can be a rapid and non-invasive\u0000 screening method for NAFLD. In this study, a compact breath\u0000 breathalyzer was developed, utilizing a miniaturized gas\u0000 chromatography chip with the STM32 microcontroller as the main\u0000 control chip to manage airflow, temperature, and receive terminal\u0000 signals from the photoionization detector. In the experiment, a gas\u0000 mixture comprising five VOCs (pentane, acetone, toluene, octane, and\u0000 decane) was selected as the simulated typical disease biomarkers in\u0000 human breath to investigate the breathalyzer's performance and\u0000 optimize testing conditions for multi-polar and wide-boiling-range\u0000 breath samples. Results show that the breathalyzer can detect\u0000 low-boiling components (< 100°C) such as the isoprene and\u0000 acetone, with a detection limit less than 50 ppb which are two\u0000 commonly biomarkers of NAFLD. Furthermore, breath samples were\u0000 collected from 35 non-diseased individuals, and NAFLD early-stage\u0000 patient samples were simulated by increasing the isoprene\u0000 concentration by 10 ppb. Convolutional neural network (CNN) were\u0000 used to identify the VOC signatures in gas chromatograms with\u0000 predictive accuracy of 85% for the classification model. Therefore,\u0000 the compact breath breathalyzer has potential application in the\u0000 rapid and early screening of NAFLD.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/p06005
Yalçın Kalkan, Sedat Arı, Salim Orak, Rob Veenhof
In this study, a novel computational method was developed to investigate the transport characteristics of ions in gas-filled radiation detectors, which are closely linked to the behavior of ions in gaseous detectors. Parameters such as polarizability, mean free path, collision frequency, and mean free time, which directly impact ion mobility, were physically manipulated using the Monte Carlo technique, and the results were validated against fundamental physical principles. As an initial scenario, computations were performed on the mobility of Ar+ ions in an argon environment as a carrier gas. The distribution of the radial velocity components of the ion following an ion-gas collision was represented as a two-dimensional histogram with a disc-shaped pattern, and this result was elucidated utilizing the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The findings regarding the mean free time and mean free path of an Ar+ ion in an argon carrier gas align with the results derived from Skullerud's methodologies. These findings hold promise for Garfield++ simulations, enabling the computation of ion mobility and even cluster ions in the mixture, thereby considering their impact on the detector's gain parameters. The results of this investigation offer novel insights into the behavior of ions within detector settings, significantly enhancing our comprehension of the mobility of ions and its effects on radiation detection efficiency.
{"title":"Computational investigation of transport parameters of ions in gas-filled radiation detectors","authors":"Yalçın Kalkan, Sedat Arı, Salim Orak, Rob Veenhof","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/p06005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/p06005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, a novel computational method was developed to\u0000 investigate the transport characteristics of ions in gas-filled\u0000 radiation detectors, which are closely linked to the behavior of\u0000 ions in gaseous detectors. Parameters such as polarizability, mean\u0000 free path, collision frequency, and mean free time, which directly\u0000 impact ion mobility, were physically manipulated using the Monte\u0000 Carlo technique, and the results were validated against fundamental\u0000 physical principles. As an initial scenario, computations were\u0000 performed on the mobility of Ar+ ions in an argon\u0000 environment as a carrier gas. The distribution of the radial\u0000 velocity components of the ion following an ion-gas collision was\u0000 represented as a two-dimensional histogram with a disc-shaped\u0000 pattern, and this result was elucidated utilizing the\u0000 Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The findings regarding the mean free\u0000 time and mean free path of an Ar+ ion in an argon\u0000 carrier gas align with the results derived from Skullerud's\u0000 methodologies. These findings hold promise for Garfield++ \u0000 simulations, enabling the computation of ion mobility and even\u0000 cluster ions in the mixture, thereby considering their impact on the\u0000 detector's gain parameters. The results of this investigation offer\u0000 novel insights into the behavior of ions within detector settings,\u0000 significantly enhancing our comprehension of the mobility of ions\u0000 and its effects on radiation detection efficiency.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"141 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/c06007
C.M. Cattadori
The Photon Detection System (PDS) of the first two DUNE far detectors (FD1 and FD2) is composed of 6000 and 672 photon detection units respectively, named X-Arapuca, of different size and geometry. The PDS will complement and boost the DUNE LArTPC for the detection of non beam events: the prompt light detection will improve their tagging, and at low energies it will enable the trigger and the calorimetry of the supernova neutrinos. The X-Arapuca unit is an assembly of several components: its Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) depends both on the design of the assembly and on the grade and the coupling of the individual components. The X-Arapuca PDE is the driver of the Photon Detection System sensitivity, that in turn determines the sensitivity of the DUNE physics reach for the detection of core-collapse supernova within the galaxy and for nucleon decay searches. In this work we present an update of the absolute PDE of the FD1 X-Arapuca baseline design, measured in laboratory: 160 units of this are deployed in the scale 1:20 FD1 prototype hosted in the NP04 cryostat at the CERN neutrino platform. Further we show how to change the baseline design of the FD1 X-Arapuca, allowing to double its PDE. Finally we review a few selected features of the photon collector of the sixteen FD2 X-Arapuca recently deployed for the FD2 scale 1:20 prototype at CERN in the NP02 cryostat, and of the last six units that integrate the latest advancements.
{"title":"Enhancement of the DUNE FD1 X-ARAPUCA Photon Detection Efficiency and upgrade of the FD2 Photon Collector","authors":"C.M. Cattadori","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/c06007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/c06007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Photon Detection System (PDS) of the first two DUNE far detectors (FD1 and FD2) is composed of 6000 and 672 photon detection units respectively, named X-Arapuca, of different size and geometry. The PDS will complement and boost the DUNE LArTPC for the detection of non beam events: the prompt light detection will improve their tagging, and at low energies it will enable the trigger and the calorimetry of the supernova neutrinos. The X-Arapuca unit is an assembly of several components: its Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) depends both on the design of the assembly and on the grade and the coupling of the individual components. The X-Arapuca PDE is the driver of the Photon Detection System sensitivity, that in turn determines the sensitivity of the DUNE physics reach for the detection of core-collapse supernova within the galaxy and for nucleon decay searches. In this work we present an update of the absolute PDE of the FD1 X-Arapuca baseline design, measured in laboratory: 160 units of this are deployed in the scale 1:20 FD1 prototype hosted in the NP04 cryostat at the CERN neutrino platform. Further we show how to change the baseline design of the FD1 X-Arapuca, allowing to double its PDE. Finally we review a few selected features of the photon collector of the sixteen FD2 X-Arapuca recently deployed for the FD2 scale 1:20 prototype at CERN in the NP02 cryostat, and of the last six units that integrate the latest advancements.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"55 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141274964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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