Agricultural and Forest Meteorology最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the impacts of extreme temperature and humidity compounds on winter wheat traits in China","authors":"Tengcong Jiang ,&nbsp;Liang He ,&nbsp;Hao Feng ,&nbsp;Jianqiang He ,&nbsp;Qiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change has heightened the occurrence of extreme compound events, yet their impacts on crop yield traits and the variations in yield sensitivity among different varieties and management practices remain elusive. Utilizing long-term (1981–2010) wheat trait data of 85 stations administered by the China Meteorological Center (CMC) for various wheat varieties and sowing dates, we employed a linear mixed models to explore the effects of extreme atmospheric temperature and humidity compound events on wheat. Our findings revealed that the yield loss (23.24 ka ha^-1 dec^-1) was primarily driven by an increasing trend (0.25 ∼ 1.50 day dec^-1) in hot-dry days (HDD) during 1981–2010. Additionally, cold-wet days (CWD: -1.75 % per standard unit) and hot-dry days (HDD: -1.90 % per standard unit) showed similar adverse effects on yield. This similarity is primarily due to their comparable negative impacts on grain growth, with reductions in grain weight (-1.82 % for CWD and -1.65 % for HDD) and grain filling rate (-1.56 % for CWD and -1.27 % for HDD) during the heading and maturity stages of wheat. However, CWD dominated the unfavorable effects on grain number (-1.18 % ∼ -0.22 %). Canopy height and ear density were more susceptible to early extreme climatic factors. In addition, yield losses under early maturing varieties and late sowing measures were less sensitive to extreme climates. Our findings emphasize the negative impacts on yield compositions, but different changes in wheat yield under different varieties and sowing caused by CWD and HDD. Our findings could assist modelers in comprehending how extreme weather affects agricultural production, particularly in terms of variations in crop trait responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 110354"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of Airborne LiDAR for direct assessment of fuel bulk density and load distributions for wildfire hazard mapping","authors":"Olivier Martin-Ducup ,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Dupuy ,&nbsp;Maxime Soma ,&nbsp;Juan Guerra-Hernandez ,&nbsp;Eva Marino ,&nbsp;Paulo M. Fernandes ,&nbsp;Ariadna Just ,&nbsp;Jordi Corbera ,&nbsp;Marion Toutchkov ,&nbsp;Charlie Sorribas ,&nbsp;Jerome Bock ,&nbsp;Alexandre Piboule ,&nbsp;Francesco Pirotti ,&nbsp;François Pimont","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale mapping of fuel load and fuel vertical distribution is essential for assessing fire danger, setting strategic goals and actions, and determining long-term resource needs. The Airborne LiDAR system can fulfil such goal by accurately capturing the three-dimensional arrangement of vegetation at regional and national scales.</div><div>We developed a novel method to estimate multiple metrics of fuel load and vertical bulk density distribution for any type of vegetation. The approach uses Beer-Lambert law for inverting the ALS point cloud into vertical plant area density profiles, which are converted into vertical bulk density distribution profiles using species-specific plant traits. The approach is evaluated by comparing ALS-based vegetation profiles and fuel metrics with field-based data from southeastern France, Spain, and Portugal for a range of vegetation types.</div><div>ALS-based and field-based vertical vegetation profiles were consistent. The range of values of fuel load metrics was also consistent with field data. Good correlations and low bias were attained for simple stratified structure with R² of 0.6, 0.42 and 0.68 and bias of -5 %, -2 % and -3.3 % for canopy base height, canopy fuel load, and canopy bulk density respectively. However, correlations were low for complex vertical structures. The use of species-specific plant traits appeared relevant by lowering the deviation between field and ALS-based values for most species.</div><div>Our field-independent fuel metric estimation shows comparable performance to results in the literature based on classification approaches trained on field metrics, highlighting the generality of our direct approach. We demonstrated how our approach is more relevant than field data for defining vertical vegetation strata in complex forest structures. We showed an application of the methods by mapping multiple metrics at regional scale (6343 km²) such as canopy base height, fuel strata gap, and canopy and understory fuel loads. Our approach is adequate for feeding next generation models of wildfire risk assessment systems, enhanced by more flexible and accurate fuel data than the existing fuel typologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 110341"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freeze-thaw processes alter the peak characteristics and temperature hysteresis of diel soil respiration in a Tibetan alpine steppe","authors":"Jianxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freeze-thaw (F-T) processes are prevalent and have the inherent potential to alter soil respiration (SR) in cold regions, which are particularly sensitive to climate warming and contribute a large uncertainty to the global carbon budget. However, the impacts of F-T processes on the diel pattern and temperature hysteresis of SR remain unclear. In this study, the Fick's law-based gradient method was employed to obtain high-temporal-resolution SR data, and a four-parameter Gaussian function was used to quantify the diel pattern of SR. The results demonstrate that the magnitude and timing of the daily SR peak exhibit considerable variability across different F-T stages, leading to a delay in the optimal time window for measuring the daily mean SR during the freezing and frozen stages. Furthermore, the daily peak value of SR is primarily regulated by soil temperature (ST) during the thawed period, whereas soil water content (SWC) exerts a more pronounced effect than ST throughout the entire freezing-frozen-thawing period. The diel hysteresis between SR and ST was observed year-round, but its direction was reversed by F-T processes. Additionally, the magnitude of the temperature hysteresis was negatively correlated with SWC. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms driving SR variability and improving the accuracy of annual carbon budget estimates in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 110358"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How did the regional water-heat distribution in oasis area vary with the different spatial patterns and structures of shelterbelt system—A case study in Ulan Buh desert oasis","authors":"Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Kexin Lv ,&nbsp;Qun'ou Jiang ,&nbsp;Huijie Xiao ,&nbsp;Junran Li","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shelterbelts system is crucial for the regional surface water and heat process, which is important for the oasis ecological environment. In this study, Ulan Buh Desert Oasis was taken as the study area. To overcome the problem of inherent water and heat difference between oases and deserts, this study divided the oasis ring structure into shelterbelt-farmland-urban zone, shrub grassland zone and desert zone. Firstly, the instant latent heat flux (LE), regarded as the link between water and heat, was estimated by the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model. Then, four landscape indexes were applied to quantify the shelterbelts spatial pattern. Finally, the Cooling Capacity Index (CCI) was proposed, and the influence of spatial pattern and shelterbelt structure on LE and CCI was explored. The results showed that, the high-LE area distribution was highly consistent with the shelterbelt system, and the LE temporal variation inside the oasis was more stable than outside. Besides, the 5 km shrub grassland combined with more than the 5 km shelterbelt near the desert area can bring about a rapid increase in the LE and generate cooling capacity. Meanwhile, in shelterbelt-farmland-urban zone, the LE was negatively correlated with patch shape regularity (SHAPE) and shelterbelt area (PLAND), and was positively correlated with the shape of the whole shelterbelt landscape (nLSI). In shrub grassland zone, the LE was negatively correlated with SHAPE and shelterbelts patches connectance (CONNECT), and was positively correlated with nLSI and PLAND. In desert zone, LE was only positively correlated with PLAND. To achieve more cooling effects, it is recommended that i) in shelterbelt-farmland-urban zone, use multi-row shelterbelt that the patches are with large area and complex shape consists of multiple belts and multiple networks (high PLAND and SHAPE), and densely clustered shelterbelt patches (low nLSI); ii) in shrub grassland zone, use the same spatial pattern as in shelterbelt-farmland-urban zone (low nLSI, high PLAND and high SHAPE), but replaced with the two-row shelterbelt; iii) in desert zone, use a large area of the two-row shelterbelt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 110345"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive effects of management and temperature anomalies on CO2 fluxes recorded over 18 years in a temperate upland grassland system","authors":"Bruna Winck,&nbsp;Katja Klumpp,&nbsp;Juliette M.G. Bloor","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature anomalies such as heat waves and cold spells are increasingly common, posing threats to ecosystem functioning and delivered services. Although temperature anomalies have been shown to limit broad-scale patterns of carbon sequestration, fine-scale studies on CO₂ fluxes and temperature anomalies are limited and interactions between temperature anomalies and agricultural management remain poorly understood. Using long-term data on grassland CO₂ fluxes and air temperature (2003-2021), we investigated the effects of temperature anomalies (cold, warm, extreme cold, extreme warm) on gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration in adjacent upland mesic grasslands subjected to either extensive or intensive cattle grazing management treatments. Both warm and cold temperature anomalies occurred throughout the study period, with 40 days per year on average classed as colder or warmer compared to normal. Irrespective of management treatment and flux type, we found that temperature anomalies had a significant effect on the magnitude of CO₂ fluxes, the relationship between air temperature and CO₂ fluxes, and the occurrence of anomalous flux events. The magnitude of CO₂ fluxes was most affected by temperature anomalies at the start of the growing season, and fluxes were generally more sensitive to warm rather than cold temperature anomalies. However, cold temperature anomalies promoted asynchrony between C uptake and loss. Temperature-CO₂ flux relationships were upregulated by warm temperature anomalies in spring but down-regulated in summer and autumn, with greater reductions in flux process rates in the intensive management treatment. Nevertheless, temperature anomalies were not found to be a strong driver of flux anomalies in this study system. Collectively, our results show that grassland management interacts with the timing and nature of temperature anomalies on CO₂ fluxes and suggest that low grassland management intensity may buffer CO₂ fluxes against warm air temperature anomalies in cool temperate systems, with implications for adaptation strategies for grasslands under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 110343"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an enhanced metric for detecting vertical flow decoupling in eddy covariance flux observations","authors":"Olli Peltola ,&nbsp;Toprak Aslan ,&nbsp;Mika Aurela ,&nbsp;Annalea Lohila ,&nbsp;Ivan Mammarella ,&nbsp;Dario Papale ,&nbsp;Christoph K. Thomas ,&nbsp;Timo Vesala ,&nbsp;Tuomas Laurila","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The eddy covariance (EC) technique has emerged as the method of choice for observing ecosystem–atmosphere interactions across biomes and climate zones. However, EC measurements are biased when the turbulent flow is decoupled from the underlying surface, severely limiting the applicability of the technique in observing surface–atmosphere fluxes. Friction velocity (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msub></math></span>) is typically used to detect and filter these periods from EC flux time series. The processes that control decoupling are understood qualitatively, including the strength of vertical turbulent mixing, stable stratification and canopy drag. However, the standard practice utilising <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msub></math></span> misses most of these processes, resulting in a significant uncertainty in detecting decoupling. Consequently, a quantitative metric, <span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span>, which encapsulates all these processes in a unified framework, was recently proposed. However, it has not yet been systematically tested over a range of ecosystems and site characteristics. The objectives of this study were therefore to test the efficacy of <span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> at a diverse range of EC sites, to quantify the processes controlling decoupling across sites, and to compare <span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> against other decoupling metrics, such as <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msub></math></span>. A similar <span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> threshold value for coupling was observed at all the 45 tested EC sites, with a value of 0.59 (median; 0.5...0.63 interquartile range). This indicates that the <span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> metric captured the essential features of decoupling across sites, thereby enabling deeper analyzes of the causes of decoupling. For example, <span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> indicates that (1) flows above dense forest canopies can be decoupled from the forest floor also during the daytime due to canopy drag and that (2) during stable stratification decoupling is more likely with tall towers. These findings significantly enhance our scientific understanding of the underlying causes of decoupling, will inform improved analyzes of EC data and support near-surface turbulence transport analyzes in open and forested landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 110326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of salt crust on the soil temperature of wet sandy soils","authors":"Xinhu Li ,&nbsp;Hongchao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In arid regions, severe salinization can commonly result in the formation of a salt crust layer that covers the soil surface. The salt crust, composed of salt crystals, has significantly different physical properties compared to its matrix soil. It can alter the energy budget in soil, thus affecting soil temperature. However, the effect of salt crust on soil temperature remains unclear. To address this, we conducted an experiment comparing soil temperatures between salt-free and saline soils. The two soils were initially saturated with fresh water and a saline solution (∼25%, NaCl), respectively, with a fixed shallow groundwater table. Salt precipitation was induced by evaporation using a halogen lamp (600 W m^-2). Moreover, we measured the dynamic variation of evaporative water loss, salt cover fraction, and temperature (surface, 5 cm, and 15 cm). We developed a numerical model involving the variation of cover fraction and thickness of the salt crust, as well as the exothermic enthalpy of salt precipitation. The experimental results revealed that salt crust can significantly increase soil temperature. The variation of saline soil temperature was dominated by the evolution of the salt crust. The model accurately described soil temperature changes with the evolution of the salt crust and found that the higher temperature in saline soil than that in salt-free soil was attributed to lower heat loss due to greater evaporation resistance and lower surface emissivity by the salt crust, very small thermal resistance of the salt crust, the unique heat released during the crystallization of saline solution, and lower soil heat capacity. Higher temperatures in saline soil were also observed under various radiation intensities (200–1000 W m^-2). Our findings help improve understanding of the energy balance in saline soil and provide new insights into quantitatively describing soil temperature variation with evolving salt crust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 110346"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf carbon-based constituents of temperate forest species retrieved using PROSPECT-PRO","authors":"Alejandra Torres-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Roshanak Darvishzadeh ,&nbsp;Andrew K. Skidmore ,&nbsp;Tiejun Wang ,&nbsp;Boelo Schuur","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The retrieval of leaf carbon-based constituents of vegetation species and their separation from the overall leaf mass per area using radiative transfer models was historically challenging, until the recent re-calibration of the PROSPECT-PRO model. Nevertheless, it remains unexplored for temperate tree species. This study evaluated the retrieval of carbon-based constituents of fresh leaf samples from four European temperate tree species using the PROSPECT-PRO model. We collected a comprehensive dataset of 249 fresh leaf samples obtained from the top canopy of temperate forest species in Germany and the Netherlands. Measurements of the carbon-based constituents were conducted in the lab using a novel customisation of the traditional method, and the spectral measurements of leaf samples were obtained with the ASD FieldSpec-3 and integrating sphere. Employing a look-up table approach, the PROSPECT-PRO model was inverted across the 800 to 2400 nm wavelength range, and the model was also applied with optimal bands selected for leaf carbon-based constituents. The retrieval of carbon-based constituents yielded reasonable accuracy for the four species: European beech (R² = 0.53, NRMSE = 0.36), English oak (R² = 0.45, NRMSE = 0.34), Scots pine (R² = 0.63, NRMSE = 0.36) and Norway spruce (R² = 0.62, NRMSE = 0.26). Slight improvements were observed in the retrieval accuracies with the identified optimal spectral bands. As such, the NRMSE values decreased by 0.03 and 0.05 for European beech and English oak; however, they slightly worsened for Norway spruce and Scots pine by 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. This study highlights the effect of considering individual constituents in laboratory measurements and during the calibration of absorption coefficients within the model. This could have a more substantial influence on the retrieval accuracy of carbon-based constituents than the influence of water interference or solely applying optimal spectral bands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 110337"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of ecological and hydrological processes in the variability of carbon fluxes in a salt marsh of the Yangtze Estuary: Model simulations vs. measurements","authors":"Ke-Hua Zhu ,&nbsp;Zeng-Feng Li ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Li-Ming Xue ,&nbsp;Hua-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Qing Lyu ,&nbsp;Shi-Xian Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen-Ming Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon exchange in coastal wetlands is a complex biochemical process regulated by a combination of meteorological, plant-soil, and hydrological factors. In the Yangtze Estuary, a process-based carbon flux model was developed to further elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon fluxes of different marsh species and elevations, incorporating the roles of climatic, hydrological, and geographical factors. The model was validated based on measurements of CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes using the static chamber and eddy covariance methods. The results showed that the model reproduced well the time series of the net ecosystem change (NEE) and CH₄ flux from diel to half-month scales. During tidal cycling, the ecosystem CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes were suppressed under inundation, and the magnitude of suppression was proportional to the water depth. The landform of the tidal flat determined the submerged height and duration, and the hydrological effects on carbon fluxes varied with elevation. The model also reasonably reflected the negative correlation between tidal height and salinity and carbon fluxes during the spring-neap cycle. Sensitivity tests revealed that temperature and tidal height were the two most critical factors affecting the carbon fluxes. Wavelet coherence analysis further indicated that temperature and tidal height explained most of the periodic variations in NEE at the diel scale. Specifically, temperature dominated CH₄ emission dynamics in spring and winter, whereas tides replaced temperature as the dominant factor in summer. The temperature also exhibited a stronger coherent intensity at high elevations, whereas the influence of tides was greater in low-lying regions. This study emphasizes the associated effects of climatic, biological, and hydrological factors on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of carbon fluxes in the coastal marshes. This coupled model is expected to be beneficial for estimating the carbon sequestration capacity in China's coastal salt marshes under global change conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 110344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaporation and condensation dynamics within saturated epiphyte communities in a Quercus virginiana forest (coastal Georgia, USA)","authors":"Akosh Raffai ,&nbsp;Sybil G. Gotsch ,&nbsp;Althea F.P. Moore ,&nbsp;Clifton S. Buck ,&nbsp;John T. Van Stan II","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfall-forest interactions significantly impacts hydrological, ecological, and societal systems by altering rainwater supply to the surface. Canopy surfaces’ retention, evaporation, and redistribution of rain affect all storm-related hydrological processes. Arboreal epiphytes, plants that live on forest canopies, can store and evaporate substantial amounts of water, but their role in rainfall partitioning is under-researched compared to bark and leaves. Maritime forests of the southeastern U.S. have abundant epiphyte comunities, largely dominated by the resurrection fern (<em>Pleopeltis polypodiodes</em>), the bromeliad Spanish moss (<em>Tillandsia usneoides</em>), and foliose lichens. We assessed saturation time, evaporation during rain-saturated conditions, and condensation input within existing epiphyte vegetation on <em>Quercus virginiana</em> (southern live oak), a dominant host tree species, in the maritime forests on Skidaway Island (Savannah, GA, USA). Epiphyte assemblages were saturated for a median 35 % of the 3-month study. Wet canopy evaporation ranged from 0.06 to 0.42 mm <em>h</em>⁻¹, while wet canopy condensation was slightly lower, ranging from 0.01 to 0.15 mm <em>h</em>⁻¹. High total evaporation is likely dependent on the ability of epiphyte vegetation to remain saturated for long periods of time. Results from this study provide a basis for detailed ecohydrological research in epiphyte communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 110329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}