Agricultural and Forest Meteorology最新文献_第8页

Vegetation sensitivity to ecological drought contributes to inconsistent vegetation growth in terms of canopy structure and vegetation productivity 植被对生态干旱的敏感性导致植被在冠层结构和植被生产力方面的生长不一致

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111013

Lu Zhang, Jianxia Chang, Aijun Guo, Guibin Yang, Yimin Wang, Kai Zhou

Intensified drought significantly shifts the structure and function of the ecosystem, driving asynchronous changes between them. However, understanding the relationship between terrestrial ecosystem responses to drought and vegetation growth remains a persistent challenge due to limited direct observations. Here, we used gross primary productivity as a proxy for carbon sink, the normalized difference vegetation index for canopy structure, and the standardized ecological water shortage index to disclose this relationship across 24 ecological-climatic regions and 6 vegetation types. Integrating climate, vegetation, soil, and topography factors, the ecological-climatic regions were classified using Fuzzy C-Means method combined with the ant colony algorithm. The results indicated that 55.7 % of the vegetated areas in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) have experienced inconsistent vegetation growth in canopy structure and the ecosystem carbon sink. More than 66 % of vegetated areas displayed short-term (≤3 months) responses to ecological drought. Notably, forest ecosystems showed much longer lagged responses, with mean NDVI lag time exceeding 7 months in significantly decreasing regions. The ecosystem carbon sink is more sensitive to ecological drought than canopy structure. Grassland is the most sensitive vegetation type in the YRB, and forests express the most pronounced ecological drought impacts. Generally, vegetation in arid regions is more sensitive to ecological drought than in humid areas. Ecosystem carbon sink in areas of increased growth shows greater sensitivity to ecological drought than in areas of decreased growth. Furthermore, across 9 vegetation growth pattens between ecosystem carbon sink and canopy structure, the sensitivity of ecosystem carbon sink and canopy structure to ecological drought also varies distinctly. The lowest sensitivity of vegetation to ecological drought was observed when ecosystem carbon sink declined, and canopy structure increased within the YRB.

干旱加剧显著改变了生态系统的结构和功能，推动了它们之间的非同步变化。然而，由于直接观测有限，理解陆地生态系统对干旱的响应与植被生长之间的关系仍然是一个持续的挑战。本文以总初级生产力作为碳汇的代表，利用冠层结构的归一化植被差异指数和标准化生态缺水指数，揭示了24个生态气候区和6种植被类型之间的关系。综合气候、植被、土壤、地形等因素，采用模糊c均值法结合蚁群算法对生态气候区进行分类。结果表明：长江流域55.7%的植被面积在冠层结构和生态系统碳汇方面存在植被生长不一致的现象；超过66%的植被区对生态干旱表现出短期（≤3个月）的响应。值得注意的是，森林生态系统表现出更长的滞后响应，在NDVI显著减少的地区，平均滞后时间超过7个月。生态系统碳汇对生态干旱的敏感性高于冠层结构。草地是青藏高原最敏感的植被类型，森林对生态干旱的影响最为显著。总体而言，干旱区植被对生态干旱的敏感性高于湿润地区。生长区生态系统碳汇对生态干旱的敏感性高于生长区。此外，在生态系统碳汇和冠层结构之间的9种植被生长模式中，生态系统碳汇和冠层结构对生态干旱的敏感性也存在明显差异。生态系统碳汇减少、林冠结构增加时，植被对生态干旱的敏感性最低。

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引用次数: 0

Nitrogen fertilization enhances gross primary productivity by prolonging reproductive stage in the subtropical rice paddies 氮肥通过延长亚热带水稻生育期来提高总初级生产力

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111012

Chenghao Ding , Runpeng Cai , Lei Zhou , Zhenzhen Zhang , Xiaowei Zhang , Enxiang Xu , Yonggang Chi

Vegetation phenology and photosynthetic physiology provided a new perspective for in-depth understanding of gross primary productivity (GPP). However, it is unclear whether different phenological stages and photosynthetic physiology affect the variability of GPP. Here, seasonal dynamics of green chromatic coordinate (GCC), solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and GPP were measured synchronously throughout the growing season in subtropical rice paddies in Zhejiang Province, China. Phenological metrics in the growing season were extracted by GCC and SIF. Our study found that nitrogen fertilization significantly advanced phenological timing during reproductive stage while prolonging its duration (57 ± 0.58 days). GPP_total of the growing season was significantly positively correlated with length of reproductive stage but negatively correlated with length of vegetative stage. Reproductive stage length and GPP_max jointly explain 92 % of the growing season GPP_total variability. These findings highlight the critical role of reproductive stage in crop growth process and provide a new insight into understanding the variability of GPP from the perspective of vegetation phenology.

植被物候和光合生理为深入认识总初级生产力（GPP）提供了新的视角。然而，不同物候阶段和光合生理是否影响GPP的变异性尚不清楚。本文以浙江省亚热带稻田为研究对象，在整个生长季节同步测量了绿色色坐标（GCC）、太阳诱导叶绿素荧光（SIF）和GPP的季节动态。利用GCC和SIF提取生长季物候指标。研究发现，施氮显著提前了生殖期物候时间，延长了生殖期物候时间（57±0.58 d）。生长季GPPtotal与生殖期长度呈显著正相关，与营养期长度呈显著负相关。生殖期长度和GPPmax共同解释了生长季GPPmax总变异的92%。这些发现强调了生殖阶段在作物生长过程中的关键作用，并为从植被物候角度理解GPP的变异性提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “New allometric models for Eucalyptus tereticornis using terrestrial laser scanning show increased carbon storage in larger trees” [Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 373 (2025): 110708] “利用陆地激光扫描的新异速生长模型显示较大树木的碳储量增加”[农林气象373(2025):110708]的勘误表

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110988

Louise Terryn , David Ellsworth , Belinda E. Medlyn , Matthias Boer , Tom E. Verhelst , Kim Calders

引用次数: 0

Small methane emissions from pasture observed with eddy covariance and flux-gradient methods: are they real or artefacts? 用涡旋相关和通量梯度法观测牧场的少量甲烷排放：它们是真实的还是伪的？

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110976

Johannes Laubach , Aaron M. Wall , John E. Hunt , David I. Campbell , Jordan P. Goodrich , Scott L. Graham , Louis A. Schipper

Grassland soils are generally considered a small methane (CH₄) sink, based mostly on the findings from chamber experiments. However, micrometeorological studies using the eddy covariance (EC) and flux-gradient (FG) methods have often reported upward CH₄ fluxes over pasture, in the absence of grazing animals. Here, we collate available EC and FG data from New Zealand’s pasture systems finding a predominance of upwards fluxes, typically ≈ 5–10 mg m⁻² d⁻¹. We then investigate whether these fluxes constitute real pasture emissions and conclude that they do not. Rather, these small upward fluxes are likely the result of strong CH₄ emissions from upwind sources, at distances on the order of 1 km or more, outside the area usually considered the flux footprint. In other words, horizontal advection is often a non-negligible term in the CH₄ mass budget and the homogeneity assumption for EC and FG is violated. This conclusion is based on the following points of evidence: 1) Exploratory surveys with chamber measurements, on three farms where EC and FG measurements operated, found small CH₄ uptake rates. 2) Simulations with a dispersion model of cow emissions 800–900 m upwind of a measurement point 2 m above ground showed systematically upward EC fluxes of 1–25 mg m⁻² d⁻¹, and upward FG fluxes of similar magnitude for sufficiently stable or unstable stratification, demonstrating that fluxes of the observed magnitude can be entirely caused by advection. 3) Cospectra of CH₄ and vertical wind were compared with their carbon dioxide (CO₂) counterparts, because CO₂ is known to be taken up or emitted locally and spatially homogeneously, and the CH₄ cospectra were substantially different, being dominated at small wavenumbers indicating transport by large, organised structures. Based on our analyses, we urge caution when interpreting micrometeorological CH₄ flux data in landscapes where large, transient emissions sources are present.

基于室内试验的结果，草地土壤通常被认为是一个小的甲烷（CH4）汇。然而，利用涡动相关（EC）和通量梯度（FG）方法进行的微气象研究经常报道，在没有放牧动物的情况下，CH4通量在牧场上呈上升趋势。在这里，我们整理了来自新西兰牧场系统的现有EC和FG数据，发现向上通量的优势，通常≈5-10 mg m−2 d−1。然后，我们调查这些通量是否构成真正的牧场排放，并得出结论，它们不是。相反，这些小的上升通量很可能是来自逆风源的强CH4排放的结果，在通常被认为是通量足迹的区域之外，距离约为1公里或更远。换句话说，水平平流在CH4质量收支中往往是一个不可忽略的项，违背了EC和FG的均匀性假设。这一结论是基于以下证据：1)探索性调查与室测量，在三个农场，其中EC和FG测量操作，发现小的CH4吸收率。2)在距离地面2 m的测点上风向800-900 m的牛排放分散模式的模拟显示，EC通量有系统地上升1 - 25 mg m−2 d−1，对于足够稳定或不稳定的分层，FG通量也有类似的上升幅度，表明观测到的量级的通量完全由平流引起。3)将CH4和垂直风的共谱与二氧化碳（CO2）的共谱进行了比较，因为CO2在局部和空间上的吸收或排放是均匀的，而CH4的共谱在本质上是不同的，以小波数为主，表明是由大的、有组织的结构传输的。根据我们的分析，我们敦促在解释存在大量瞬态排放源的景观中的微气象CH4通量数据时要谨慎。

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引用次数: 0

Wind dynamics drives the changes of the 2001–2023 grass pollen seasons in Córdoba (southern Spain) 风动力驱动2001-2023年Córdoba（西班牙南部）草花粉季节变化

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110955

M.A. Hernández-Ceballos , R. López-Orozco , M.J. Tenor-Ortiz , C. Galán , H. García-Mozo

Aerobiological studies have reported an increasing severity of pollen seasons, both in terms of duration and total pollen amount. Climate change has also influenced global terrestrial near-surface wind speeds, yet its connection to pollen dynamics remains underexplored in southern Europe. This study analyzes long-term trends in grass (Poaceae) pollen season parameters in Córdoba, Spain (2001–2023), with a particular focus on wind dynamics—including air mass trajectories and wind speed—as well as other meteorological variables such as temperature and rainfall. By examining surface wind patterns in detail, the analysis also allows identification of potential pollen sources during different phases of the pollen season (pre- and post-peak). The results reveal a significant positive trend in pollen season duration (+3.7 days year⁻¹), associated with an earlier onset (–0.8 days year⁻¹) and a delayed end (+1.3 days year⁻¹). Temporal variations in air mass arrivals significantly influence grass pollen concentrations, with distinct patterns observed between pre- and post-peak periods. The pre-peak period is characterized by lower wind speeds (average 1.53 ± 0.05 m/s, with a negative trend of –0.007 m/s year⁻¹) and slow-moving air masses, favoring local sources and atmospheric accumulation processes that lead to progressively increasing concentrations. In contrast, the post-peak period is marked by higher wind speeds (average 1.82 ± 0.05 m/s, with a positive trend of +0.004 m/s year⁻¹) and the dominance of faster northerly and north-westerly flows, indicating a greater influence of distant sources. Additionally, the study identifies a positive contribution of precipitation during the season to the extension of the pollen season with an earlier onset and delayed end. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of how meteorological factors, especially wind dynamics, shape temporal and spatial patterns in grass pollen seasons in southern Spain.

有氧生物学研究报告了花粉季节的严重性，无论是在持续时间还是花粉总量方面。气候变化也影响了全球陆地近地表风速，但其与南欧花粉动态的关系仍未得到充分研究。本研究分析了西班牙Córdoba草（禾科）花粉季节参数的长期趋势（2001-2023），特别关注风动力学（包括气团轨迹和风速）以及其他气象变量（如温度和降雨量）。通过详细检查地面风的模式，分析还可以识别花粉季节不同阶段（峰前和峰后）的潜在花粉来源。结果显示花粉季持续时间（每年+3.7天）有显著的积极趋势，与早期开始（每年-0.8天）和延迟结束（每年+1.3天）有关。气团到达的时间变化显著影响草花粉浓度，在高峰前后观察到不同的模式。高峰前的特点是风速较低（平均1.53±0.05米/秒，负趋势为-0.007米/秒一年），气团移动缓慢，有利于当地来源和大气积累过程，导致浓度逐渐增加。相比之下,高峰期过后是伴随着更高的风速(平均1.82±0.05 m / s,一个积极的趋势,+ 0.004 m / s年⁻¹)和更快的北风和north-westerly流的主导地位,表明更远处的影响。此外，该研究还确定了季节降水对花粉季节延长的积极贡献，其开始时间早，结束时间晚。这些发现提供了对气象因素，特别是风动力，如何影响西班牙南部草花粉季节时空格局的全面理解。

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引用次数: 0

Heat waves associated with higher methane emissions from dairy manure: A 6-year study 热浪与奶牛粪便中甲烷排放量增加有关：一项为期6年的研究

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110980

Andrew VanderZaag , Hambaliou Baldé , Thomas K. Flesch , Chih-Yu Hung , Claudia Wagner-Riddle

Accurate methane (CH₄) emission estimates for dairy manure management require farm-scale studies that capture the effect of changing temperatures under in situ conditions. In Northern climates the sensitivity of methanogenesis to temperature is critically important for annual emission estimates; however, most data on CH₄ emission dynamics come from lab studies at constant temperatures. A related source of uncertainty in emission estimates is the potential for naturally forming surface crusts to enable aerobic methanotrophs to mitigate CH₄ emissions. This study used an inverse-dispersion approach to measure CH₄ emissions for 6 years and NH₃ emissions for 2 years at a dairy manure storage near Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (53°N). Results showed the effect of inter-annual temperature variability: CH₄ emissions were highly sensitive to heat waves that occurred in two out of six years. In those years, annual CH₄ emissions were 2 to 3times higher than other years. Increased CH₄ emissions in years with heat waves indicated that brief exposure to warmer temperature was associated with a sustained increase in emissions. This supports the idea that there is a temperature threshold above which CH₄ production accelerates. Manure surface crusts developed in the warm years but did not reduce CH₄ emissions compared to colder years without crust. This finding does not support the use of lower CH₄ emission factors when surface crusts are present. Ammonia emissions were lower in the warmer year (2021) when a thick, dry crust developed, compared to the cooler year (2019) with less crust. Ammonia emissions represented a modest 6.6 % (2021) and 4.8 % (2019) of the estimated N loading rate into the manure storage. From a climate perspective the results of this study point to a reinforcing feedback loop where warming climate leads to higher CH₄ emissions under business-as-usual management.

对奶牛粪便管理进行准确的甲烷（CH4）排放估算，需要进行农场规模的研究，以捕捉原位条件下温度变化的影响。在北方气候中，产甲烷对温度的敏感性对年排放估算至关重要；然而，大多数关于甲烷排放动力学的数据来自恒温下的实验室研究。排放估算中一个相关的不确定性来源是自然形成表面结壳的可能性，从而使好氧甲烷氧化菌能够减轻CH4排放。本研究采用反分散方法测量了加拿大艾伯塔省埃德蒙顿附近（53°N）一个奶牛粪便储存库6年的CH4排放量和2年的NH3排放量。结果表明，年际温度变化的影响：CH4排放对6年中有2年发生的热浪高度敏感。这些年份的年CH4排放量是其他年份的2 ~ 3倍。在有热浪的年份，甲烷排放量增加表明，短暂暴露于较暖的温度与排放量的持续增加有关。这支持了存在一个温度阈值的观点，超过这个温度阈值，甲烷的生成就会加速。在温暖年份，粪肥表面结壳形成，但与没有结壳的寒冷年份相比，没有减少CH4的排放。这一发现不支持在地表结壳存在时使用较低的CH4排放因子。与地壳较少的较冷年份（2019年）相比，较温暖年份（2021年）的氨排放量较低，当时形成了厚而干燥的地壳。氨排放量在粪便储存的估计氮负荷率中仅占6.6%（2021年）和4.8%（2019年）。从气候角度来看，本研究的结果指出了一个不断强化的反馈循环，即在一切照旧的管理下，气候变暖导致甲烷排放量增加。

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引用次数: 0

Grazing influences salt marsh greenhouse gas balance mediated by plant-specific methane emissions 放牧影响植物甲烷排放介导的盐沼温室气体平衡

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111001

Dan Yang , Asger Buur Jensen , Zheng Gong , Linjing Ren , Brian K. Sorrell , Franziska Eller , Hans Brix

Salt marshes with high photosynthetic capacity play a crucial role in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) uptake, yet their climate benefit can be diminished by simultaneous methane (CH₄) emissions. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying CH₄ emissions and their impact on the net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance remains limited, particularly in marine-terrestrial gradient salt marshes under grazing management. Here, we quantified the CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes over a growing season across grazed and ungrazed communities dominated by Spartina anglica and Schoenoplectus maritimus in the low and middle marshes, as well as a grazed Phragmites australis-dominated community in the high marsh. Our results indicated that all communities functioned as net carbon sinks during the growing season, with a stronger carbon sequestration capacity observed in ungrazed communities. The grazed Phragmites-dominated community had high CH₄ emissions of 23.6 mg m^-2 h^-1, 21-fold greater than the combined CH₄ emissions from the other four communities, resulting in a net warming effect, in contrast to the net cooling effects of the ungrazed communities. Photosynthetic and respiratory CO₂ exchange were primarily driven by air temperature, whereas CH₄ emissions were predominantly controlled by plant species. Given the high CH₄ emissions from grazed Phragmites communities and the observed pattern of enhanced respiration and reduced photosynthesis under grazing, implementing targeted grazing management is crucial to restoring their net climate mitigation potential.

具有高光合能力的盐沼在大气二氧化碳（CO2）吸收中起着至关重要的作用，但它们的气候效益可能被同时排放的甲烷（CH4）所削弱。关于CH4排放机制及其对温室气体净平衡影响的知识仍然有限，特别是在放牧管理下的海陆梯度盐沼。在此基础上，我们量化了低、中沼泽以米草属和海桐属为主的放牧群落和未放牧群落，以及高沼泽以芦苇为主的放牧群落的生长季CO2和CH4通量。结果表明，所有群落在生长季均具有净碳汇功能，其中未放牧群落的固碳能力更强。放牧芦苇群落的CH4排放量高达23.6 mg m-2 h-1，是其他4个群落CH4总排放量的21倍，呈现净增温效应，而未放牧群落则呈现净降温效应。光合和呼吸CO2交换主要受气温驱动，而CH4排放主要受植物物种控制。考虑到放牧芦苇群落的高CH4排放以及放牧条件下观察到的呼吸增强和光合作用减少的模式，实施有针对性的放牧管理对恢复其净气候减缓潜力至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Projected shifts in climate and spring barley yields under future (CMIP6) scenarios across eight environmental zones in Europe 欧洲8个环境区未来（CMIP6）情景下的气候变化和春大麦产量预测

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111024

M. Köster , M. Appiah , M.P. Hoffmann , I. Abdulai , A.H. Schulman , A. Maurer , K. Pillen , M. Trnka , M.A. Semenov , R.P. Rötter

Breeding of climate-resilient barley cultivars requires knowledge about shifts in climate hazards and potential yield impacts. This Europe-wide study aims to provide such information by using the latest (CMIP6) climate scenarios (six Global Climate Models x two emission scenarios SSP1-2.6 & SSP5-8.5 x two time slices, 2050s and 2080s) for crop model-based yield projections and generation of agroclimatic indicators to characterize climate-induced hazards and likely impacts on spring barley production conditions across environments within Europe. The results from analyses of 19 different sites were aggregated over eight environmental zones across Europe. For all zones, we found elevated growing season temperatures, which were associated with increased likelihoods of heat hazards across most zones. Phenological development was consequently accelerated, resulting in yield penalties across most zones, with up to 31 % yield reduction in the Mediterranean south under high emission scenarios for the 2080s. Such simulated losses were found to be compensated by CO₂ fertilisation effects under high emission scenarios (at 868 ppm CO₂). However, the fertilization effect was not uniform across zones and might mask production losses that are related to an increased exposure to extreme growing conditions not captured by the crop model. Based on our results, it can be concluded that rainfed barley production in Europe will very likely face more climate-related hazards, especially related to heat. This emphasizes the need for designing adaptation strategies that combine climate-resilient crop cultivars tailored to evolving climatic hazard combinations with sustainable management practices that are adapted to local conditions.

培育适应气候变化的大麦品种需要了解气候灾害的变化和潜在的产量影响。这项全欧洲范围的研究旨在通过使用最新的（CMIP6）气候情景（六个全球气候模型x两个排放情景SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5 x两个时间片，2050年代和2080年代）提供这些信息，用于基于作物模型的产量预测和农业气候指标的生成，以表征气候引起的危害和对欧洲各地春大麦生产条件的可能影响。对欧洲8个环境区的19个不同地点的分析结果汇总在一起。对于所有区域，我们发现生长季节温度升高，这与大多数区域热危害的可能性增加有关。物候发育因此加速，导致大多数地区的产量减少，在20世纪80年代的高排放情景下，地中海南部的产量减少高达31%。研究发现，在高排放情景（二氧化碳浓度为868 ppm）下，这种模拟损失可由CO2施肥效应补偿。然而，施肥效果在不同区域并不均匀，可能掩盖了作物模型未捕捉到的与极端生长条件暴露增加有关的生产损失。根据我们的研究结果，可以得出结论，欧洲的雨养大麦生产很可能面临更多与气候有关的危害，特别是与高温有关的危害。这强调需要设计适应战略，将适应不断变化的气候灾害组合的气候适应型作物品种与适应当地条件的可持续管理实践相结合。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal daily time windows for measuring fluxes of soil methane and nitrous oxide in subalpine forests are elusive - unlike for carbon dioxide 与测量二氧化碳不同，测量亚高山森林中土壤甲烷和一氧化二氮通量的最佳每日时间窗难以捉摸

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111026

Yuanrui Peng , Tao Wang , Ruiying Chang

Determining the optimal measurement timing for soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is essential for improving the accuracy of GHG budgets and deepening understanding of underlying biogeochemical mechanisms. However, due to a lack of high-temporal-resolution and continuous data, the optimal measurement timing of CH₄ and N₂O emissions remains poorly understood—especially compared to the extensively studied CO₂. Based on high-temporal-resolution and continuous in-situ observations, we found clear differences in the optimal measurement windows among CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O. The optimal timing for capturing daily mean CO₂ fluxes was relatively stable across seasons (around 09:00–11:00), whereas no well-defined optimal daily measurement windows could be identified for CH₄ and N₂O. Instead, their fluxes exhibited highly variable and irregular temporal patterns. Importantly, applying the CO₂-based timing to estimate N₂O fluxes resulted in a substantial underestimation (up to 24%), underscoring the risk of using uniform measurement strategies for different gases. This study reveals that the applicability of optimal daily time windows differs strongly among CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O and across seasons, offering key insights for improving flux estimates.

确定土壤温室气体（GHG）排放的最佳测量时间对于提高温室气体预算的准确性和加深对潜在生物地球化学机制的理解至关重要。然而，由于缺乏高时间分辨率和连续的数据，与广泛研究的CO₂相比，对CH₄和N₂O排放的最佳测量时间仍然知之甚少。基于高时间分辨率和连续的原位观测，我们发现CO₂、CH₄和N₂O在最佳测量窗口上存在明显差异。捕获日平均CO₂通量的最佳时间在不同季节相对稳定（约为09:00-11:00），而对于CH₄和N₂O，没有明确的最佳日测量窗口。相反，它们的通量表现出高度可变和不规则的时间模式。重要的是，应用基于CO₂的时间来估计N₂通量导致严重低估（高达24%），强调了对不同气体使用统一测量策略的风险。该研究表明，最佳日时间窗的适用性在CO₂，CH₄和N₂O之间以及不同季节之间存在很大差异，为改进通量估算提供了关键见解。

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引用次数: 0

Thinning enhances hydraulic safety but not growth resistance to drought in Atlas cedar on the long-term 从长期来看，疏林提高了阿特拉斯雪松的水力安全性，但不利于其抗旱性

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111019

Léa Veuillen , Guillaume Simioni , Miquel De Cáceres , Eric Badel , Simon D. Carrière , Hervé Cochard , François Courbet , Claude Doussan , Arsène Druel , Jean Ladier , Bernard Prévosto , Kevyn Raynal , Nicolas Martin-StPaul

Reducing forest stand density through thinning has the potential to improve tree vigor and mitigate hydraulic risk as it reduces competition for water, thereby improving soil water availability at the tree level. However, these positive effects might be compensated over time by the growth of the remaining trees and understory, an aspect that remains understudied. We investigated the long-term effects of thinning on vegetation regrowth, growth resistance to drought and hydraulic risk in a 1968 Cedrus atlantica plantation in southeastern France where contrasting thinning intensities were applied in 1992, resulting in stand densities of 1200 (unthinned control), 800, 600 and 400 trees.ha^-1. Field measurements were conducted in 2017, 25 years after thinning, during the most severe drought since the trial’s establishment. To explore underlying mechanisms, they were complemented by a modeling test using SurEau within the cohort-based model MEDFATE.

Our results show that 25 years after thinning, despite similar stand leaf area index across all thinning treatments, trees in thinned stands exhibited significantly higher growth and reduced hydraulic risk (i.e., higher water potential, wider hydraulic safety margins, lower native embolism) than in the unthinned control. Model simulations suggest that this long-term reduction of hydraulic risk by thinning may result from niche partitioning between the overstory and the understory, either spatially (due to differences in rooting depth) or temporally (due to differences in ecophysiological properties). Interestingly, growth resistance to drought did not differ significantly among thinning treatments. Our results emphasize the potential long-lasting role of thinning in reducing hydraulic risk despite vegetation regrowth. Moreover, this study shows that ecophysiological indicators provide a more accurate understanding of tree drought responses during a specific drought event than the commonly used growth-based indicators.

通过间伐减少林分密度有可能提高树木活力和减轻水力风险，因为它减少了对水的竞争，从而提高了树木水平的土壤水分有效性。然而，随着时间的推移，这些积极的影响可能会被剩余的树木和林下植被的生长所补偿，这方面的研究仍未充分。我们研究了疏伐对法国东南部1968年大西洋杉木人工林植被再生、抗旱性和水力风险的长期影响。1992年，该人工林采用不同的疏伐强度，林分密度分别为1200棵（未疏伐对照）、800棵、600棵和400棵。在试验建立以来最严重的干旱期间，在2017年进行了现场测量，即减薄25年后。为了探索潜在的机制，在基于队列的MEDFATE模型中使用SurEau进行建模检验。

{"title":"Thinning enhances hydraulic safety but not growth resistance to drought in Atlas cedar on the long-term","authors":"Léa Veuillen , Guillaume Simioni , Miquel De Cáceres , Eric Badel , Simon D. Carrière , Hervé Cochard , François Courbet , Claude Doussan , Arsène Druel , Jean Ladier , Bernard Prévosto , Kevyn Raynal , Nicolas Martin-StPaul","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing forest stand density through thinning has the potential to improve tree vigor and mitigate hydraulic risk as it reduces competition for water, thereby improving soil water availability at the tree level. However, these positive effects might be compensated over time by the growth of the remaining trees and understory, an aspect that remains understudied. We investigated the long-term effects of thinning on vegetation regrowth, growth resistance to drought and hydraulic risk in a 1968 <em>Cedrus atlantica</em> plantation in southeastern France where contrasting thinning intensities were applied in 1992, resulting in stand densities of 1200 (unthinned control), 800, 600 and 400 trees.ha<sup>-1</sup>. Field measurements were conducted in 2017, 25 years after thinning, during the most severe drought since the trial’s establishment. To explore underlying mechanisms, they were complemented by a modeling test using SurEau within the cohort-based model MEDFATE.</div><div>Our results show that 25 years after thinning, despite similar stand leaf area index across all thinning treatments, trees in thinned stands exhibited significantly higher growth and reduced hydraulic risk (i.e., higher water potential, wider hydraulic safety margins, lower native embolism) than in the unthinned control. Model simulations suggest that this long-term reduction of hydraulic risk by thinning may result from niche partitioning between the overstory and the understory, either spatially (due to differences in rooting depth) or temporally (due to differences in ecophysiological properties). Interestingly, growth resistance to drought did not differ significantly among thinning treatments. Our results emphasize the potential long-lasting role of thinning in reducing hydraulic risk despite vegetation regrowth. Moreover, this study shows that ecophysiological indicators provide a more accurate understanding of tree drought responses during a specific drought event than the commonly used growth-based indicators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 111019"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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