Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications最新文献

英文中文

Compact MIMO antenna employing inductive-capacitive coupling and honeycomb defected ground structure 采用电感-电容耦合和蜂窝缺陷接地结构的紧凑MIMO天线

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156208

Trishna Doloi , Gouree Shankar Das , Partha Protim Kalita , Yatish Beria , Reeta Devi , Akash Buragohain

This work presents a fractal 2-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with wideband characteristics. The design covers a frequency range of 5.2–7.8 GHz, which falls under the C-band of the electromagnetic spectrum and achieves a 40% relative bandwidth at 6.5 GHz center frequency. The antenna has a compact dimension of 28 mm × 22 mm × 1.6 mm. It consists of two planar monopole radiating elements with partial ground modifications and a sequence of parasitic slots strategically placed in the ground plane. The identical radiating patches are positioned symmetrically to reduce correlation. Inductive resonant lines are incorporated into the ground plane to work as decoupling components. This suppresses surface current coupling between the antenna ports, thereby improving isolation despite using a low-cost substrate. A honeycomb defected ground structure (DGS) layout is etched, which helps in expanding the impedance bandwidth. It provides an isolation level of more than −15 dB. The diversity parameters like channel capacity loss (CCL), mean effective gain (MEG), etc. are found to be within the optimal limits. These traits make the small wideband antenna suitable for high-performance wireless applications such as the 5.9 GHz WLAN, 5.8 GHz Wi-Fi, and Wi-Fi 6/6E (IEEE 802.11ax), among others.

本文提出了一种分形的2端口多输入多输出（MIMO）宽带天线。设计覆盖的频率范围为5.2-7.8 GHz，属于电磁波谱的c波段，在6.5 GHz中心频率处实现了40%的相对带宽。天线具有28毫米× 22毫米× 1.6毫米的紧凑尺寸。它由两个平面单极辐射元件组成，部分地修改和一系列寄生槽策略性地放置在地平面上。相同的辐射块被对称地定位以降低相关性。电感谐振线被并入地平面作为去耦元件。这抑制了天线端口之间的表面电流耦合，从而提高了隔离，尽管使用了低成本的衬底。蚀刻蜂窝缺陷地面结构（DGS）布局，有助于扩大阻抗带宽。提供大于−15db的隔离级别。信道容量损失（CCL）、平均有效增益（MEG）等分集参数均在最优范围内。这些特性使得小型宽带天线适用于高性能无线应用，如5.9 GHz WLAN、5.8 GHz Wi-Fi和Wi-Fi 6/6E （IEEE 802.11ax）等。

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引用次数: 0

A low-profile high-gain SIW center-fed millimeter-wave phased array with wide-angle scanning for 5G applications 面向5G应用的低姿态高增益SIW中心馈电毫米波相控阵广角扫描

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156134

Lichang Huang , Qunyi Feng , Sha Xu

This paper proposes a novel low-profile, high-gain millimeter-wave (mm-wave) phased array for 5G applications. The element employs a compact series-fed structure with center-feeding via a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) to stabilize the radiation performance. Parasitic patches are strategically placed between the series-fed radiating elements to increase aperture efficiency and suppress sidelobes. Concurrently, a fan-shaped coupling slot introduces multiple resonances, effectively broadening the impedance bandwidth. A 1 × 4 array prototype was implemented via three-layer PCB technology with a low profile of 0.14λ₀ and then characterized. The results show a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of ∼ 10.71 % covering the 5G n257 band (26.5–29.5 GHz), achieving a peak realized gain of 14.17 dBi and a beam scanning range exceeding ± 45° across the band. The measured performance validates the effectiveness of the proposed design, which is attractive for compact and high-performance 5G mm-wave systems.

本文提出了一种用于5G应用的新型低轮廓高增益毫米波相控阵。该元件采用紧凑的串联馈电结构，通过衬底集成波导（SIW）进行中心馈电，以稳定辐射性能。寄生片策略性地放置在串联馈电辐射元件之间，以提高孔径效率并抑制副瓣。同时，扇形耦合槽引入了多个共振，有效地拓宽了阻抗带宽。通过三层PCB技术实现了低轮廓为0.14λ0的1 × 4阵列原型，并对其进行了表征。结果表明，覆盖5G n257频段（26.5-29.5 GHz）的−10 dB阻抗带宽为~ 10.71%，峰值实现增益为14.17 dBi，整个频段的波束扫描范围超过±45°。测试性能验证了所提出设计的有效性，该设计对紧凑型高性能5G毫米波系统具有吸引力。

引用次数: 0

Design of a dual-band capsule antenna based on effective relative permittivity for realistic implantable medical devices 基于有效相对介电常数的实用型植入式医疗器械双频胶囊天线设计

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156188

Mert Ciflik, S. Cumhur Basaran

The effective relative permittivity (ε_eff) of planar capsule antennas differs significantly from that of antennas implanted directly into biological tissue. However, this distinction has been largely overlooked in most planar capsule antenna designs reported in the recent literature for implantable medical devices (IMDs), where it is commonly assumed that antenna performance in direct tissue implantation is equally valid within a capsule environment. In this article, the ε_eff of a microstrip antenna is first calculated using an efficient analytical model for both implantation scenarios. Based on these insights, a dual-band planar capsule antenna with a novel configuration is proposed for implantable and ingestible applications, carefully designed with consideration of the effective relative permittivity to ensure robust performance. The proposed antenna features a compact footprint of 14 mm × 14 mm × 0.634 mm³ and operates in both the 402 MHz MICS and 2.4 GHz ISM bands. The miniaturized dual-band antenna configuration is achieved by combining an efficient radiator, a shorting pin, and a slotted ground plane. A prototype of the proposed antenna, whose numerical design and analysis were conducted on both homogeneous muscle tissue and realistic human models, was encapsulated, and its performance was measured using minced meat.

平面胶囊天线的有效相对介电常数（εeff）与直接植入生物组织的天线有显著差异。然而，在最近的植入式医疗器械（imd）文献中报道的大多数平面胶囊天线设计中，这一区别在很大程度上被忽视了，在这些设计中，通常认为直接组织植入的天线性能在胶囊环境中同样有效。本文首先用一种有效的解析模型计算了两种植入情况下微带天线的εeff。基于这些见解，提出了一种具有新颖结构的双频平面胶囊天线，用于植入和可摄取的应用，精心设计时考虑了有效的相对介电常数，以确保稳健的性能。该天线占地面积为14 mm × 14 mm × 0.634 mm3，可在402 MHz MICS和2.4 GHz ISM频段工作。小型化的双频天线配置是通过结合一个高效的散热器、一个短引脚和一个开槽的接平面来实现的。设计了该天线的原型，在均匀肌肉组织和真实人体模型上进行了数值设计和分析，并使用肉末对其性能进行了测量。

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引用次数: 0

SIW H-plane wideband filtering horn antenna with miniaturized longitudinal dimension 纵向尺寸小型化的SIW h面宽带滤波喇叭天线

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156172

Yong-Dan Kong, Ji Qi, Qing-Xin Chu

A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) H-plane horn antenna featuring wideband filtering characteristics and a reduced longitudinal size is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the extra substrates and dipole array are loaded on the conventional SIW H-plane horn antenna for enhancing the impedance matching at the horn aperture. Secondly, the horn’s longitudinal dimension is significantly shortened by nearly 70% for miniaturization; whereas, the field distributions at the horn aperture are destroyed, which results in the decreased gain. Thirdly, by adopting three sets of metal-via arrays and four slits, the gain is improved as the quasi-uniform phase and amplitude distributions. Furthermore, two modes of radiation are also generated below and above the passband, which generates two radiation nulls on the gain curve, thus realizing the filtering response in Ka band while keeping the horn size unchanged. Finally, the proposed antenna is fabricated, and the proposed antenna achieves wideband filtering response with the impedance bandwidth of 27.27% (30.4–40 GHz) and two radiation nulls. The peak gain is 12.27 dB.

提出了一种具有宽带滤波特性和减小纵向尺寸的基板集成波导（SIW） h面喇叭天线。首先，在传统的SIW h面喇叭天线上加载额外的衬底和偶极子阵列，以增强喇叭孔径处的阻抗匹配。其次，为了小型化，喇叭的纵向尺寸显著缩短了近70%；然而，喇叭孔径处的场分布被破坏，导致增益降低。第三，采用三组金属通孔阵列和四个狭缝，以准均匀的相位和振幅分布来提高增益。此外，通带下方和上方还产生两种模式的辐射，在增益曲线上产生两个辐射零，从而在保持喇叭尺寸不变的情况下实现Ka波段的滤波响应。最后，制作了天线，实现了阻抗带宽为27.27% （30.4-40 GHz）的宽带滤波响应和两个辐射零点。峰值增益为12.27 dB。

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引用次数: 0

Design, implementation, and explainable AI evaluation of a compact UWB microstrip patch antenna for 6G applications 用于6G应用的紧凑型超宽带微带贴片天线的设计、实现和可解释的AI评估

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156178

Farha K. A. , Jasmine P. M. , Fasmi K. A.

The 6.425 GHz to 8.4 GHz frequency band is gaining recognition as a core spectrum for 6G, offering a strong balance between coverage, capacity, and deployment efficiency. As part of the ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum, this band delivers expansive bandwidth and robust short-range communication, making it ideal for next-generation applications. This paper presents the design, analysis, and implementation of edge-fed dual band rectangular microstrip patch antenna with improved impedance bandwidth through slot-based defected ground structure for 6G applications. The antenna is designed on a substrate of FR4, which has a dielectric constant of 4.4. The measurement result shows that the proposed antenna operates efficiently from 3.31 GHz to 10.53 GHz. The antenna achieves an excellent Voltage Standing Wave Ratio less than 2 over the operational band, indicating perfect impedance matching and minimal signal reflection. This study integrates a machine-learning-assisted framework for bandwidth prediction with SHAP-based explainable AI analysis to identify the most influential design parameters, providing valuable physical insights for performance optimization. It provides a faster and more efficient alternative to repeated full-wave simulations. The combined Electromagnetic–Machine Learning approach enhances both accuracy and explainability, contributing a novel and efficient methodology for antenna design in 6G communication systems.

6.425 GHz至8.4 GHz频段作为6G的核心频谱，在覆盖、容量和部署效率之间取得了良好的平衡，正得到越来越多的认可。作为超宽带（UWB）频谱的一部分，该频段提供广泛的带宽和强大的短距离通信，使其成为下一代应用的理想选择。本文介绍了一种边缘馈电双频矩形微带贴片天线的设计、分析和实现，该天线通过基于插槽的缺陷接地结构改善了6G应用中的阻抗带宽。天线设计在介电常数为4.4的FR4衬底上。测试结果表明，该天线在3.31 GHz ~ 10.53 GHz范围内工作效率高。该天线在工作频带上的电压驻波比小于2，表明阻抗匹配完美，信号反射最小。本研究将机器学习辅助的带宽预测框架与基于shap的可解释AI分析相结合，以确定最具影响力的设计参数，为性能优化提供有价值的物理见解。它提供了一个更快，更有效的替代重复的全波模拟。电磁-机器学习相结合的方法提高了准确性和可解释性，为6G通信系统的天线设计提供了一种新颖有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

A novel 2-D pattern reconfigurable array using beamforming networks and reconfigurable antenna array 一种利用波束形成网络和可重构天线阵列的二维方向图可重构阵列

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156120

Tian-Gui Huang , Sa Yang , Fu-Chang Chen , Kai-Ran Xiang , Ming-Yang Su

This paper presents a novel methodology for designing a two-dimensional (2-D) pattern reconfigurable array. The design integrates a conventional 4 × 4 Butler matrix with a reconfigurable antenna array to achieve two-dimensional beamforming capabilities. Beamforming in one dimension is accomplished via the 4 × 4 Butler matrix, while in the other orthogonal direction, beam steering is achieved through the use of two pairs of metal walls vertically placed on both sides of the driven antenna elements. Each pair of metal walls is loaded with a PIN diode at the center, accompanied by its DC biasing feeding network. By controlling the different states of the switching PIN diodes loaded between the metal walls, the beam steering characteristic can be obtained. An experimental antenna is designed and manufactured to validate this approach. When the antenna is excited from various ports, it yields four distinct radiation orientations within the

x o z

plane. For each port activation, the antenna exhibits three unique radiation patterns, resulting in three different radiation directions in the plane orthogonal to the

x o z

plane. This configuration ultimately realizes 2-D beam scanning, encompassing a total of twelve directions.

本文提出了一种设计二维方向图可重构阵列的新方法。该设计集成了传统的4 × 4巴特勒矩阵和可重构天线阵列，以实现二维波束形成能力。一维波束形成是通过4 × 4 Butler矩阵实现的，而在另一个正交方向上，波束转向是通过使用垂直放置在驱动天线单元两侧的两对金属壁来实现的。每对金属壁的中心都装有一个PIN二极管，并配有直流偏置馈电网络。通过控制加载在金属壁之间的开关PIN二极管的不同状态，可以获得光束的转向特性。设计并制作了实验天线来验证该方法。当天线从不同的端口被激发时，它在xoz平面内产生四种不同的辐射方向。对于每个端口激活，天线呈现三种独特的辐射方向图，导致在与xoz平面正交的平面上有三种不同的辐射方向。这种配置最终实现了二维光束扫描，共包括十二个方向。

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引用次数: 0

Design and optimization of a 1–7.8 GHz wideband low noise amplifier with 2 dB noise figure 噪声系数为2 dB的1-7.8 GHz宽带低噪声放大器的设计与优化

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156163

Muhammad Hashim, Zhiqun Li, Qin Li, Weiwen Lin

An ultra-wideband balun low-noise amplifier (LNA) operating from 1 to 7.8 GHz is proposed for multi-standard wireless applications. The architecture integrates a g_m-boosted common-source (CS) amplifier with a common-gate common-source (CG–CS) balun to enable single-to-differential signal conversion. A complementary nMOS-pMOS configuration is employed to enhance transconductance, reduce noise, and improve gain. A cross-coupled balancing circuit (CBC) is incorporated in the load to provide noise cancellation along with gain and phase correction. Wideband input matching is achieved through the combination of a resistive feedback buffer (RFB) and a series on-chip inductor L_g. Theoretical analysis, closed-form expressions, and simulation results demonstrate that the CBC improves the noise figure (NF), while the RFB and L_g enable effective input impedance matching. The LNA was fabricated using the TSMC 40-nm CMOS process, and measured results show a gain of 18.5 dB and an NF ranging from 2 to 3 dB. Additional performance metrics include an input 1-dB compression point (IP1dB) of −17 dBm, an input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of −1 dBm at 4 GHz, and S₁₁ less than −10 dB across the 1–7.8 GHz band. The design consumes 12 mA from a 1.2 V supply and occupies an active chip area of 0.16 mm².

提出了一种工作频率为1 ~ 7.8 GHz的超宽带平衡低噪声放大器（LNA），用于多标准无线应用。该架构集成了一个通用升压共源（CS）放大器和一个共门共源（CG-CS）平衡器，以实现单差分信号转换。采用互补的nMOS-pMOS结构来增强跨导性、降低噪声和提高增益。交叉耦合平衡电路（CBC）集成在负载中，以提供噪声消除以及增益和相位校正。宽带输入匹配是通过电阻反馈缓冲器（RFB）和串联片上电感器Lg的组合实现的。理论分析、封闭表达式和仿真结果表明，CBC提高了噪声系数（NF），而RFB和Lg实现了有效的输入阻抗匹配。LNA采用台积电40纳米CMOS工艺制作，测量结果显示增益为18.5 dB， NF范围为2 ~ 3 dB。其他性能指标包括输入1-dB压缩点（IP1dB）为- 17 dBm，输入三阶截距点（IIP3）为- 1 dBm， 1- 7.8 GHz频段的S11小于- 10 dB。该设计从1.2 V电源消耗12 mA，占用0.16 mm2的有源芯片面积。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of gain–efficiency relationship in a wideband rectenna for RF-powered IoT devices 射频供电物联网设备宽带整流天线增益效率关系分析

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156158

Yassmeen M. Afify , Ahmed Allam , Haruichi Kanaya , Adel B. Abdelrahman

This paper investigates the impact of antenna gain on RF-to-DC power conversion efficiency (PCE) and sensitivity in a compact, wideband rectenna. We propose an asymmetric-arm I-slot (AAIS) antenna used in two configurations: (1) low-gain standalone, and (2) high-gain with a metallic reflecting surface (MRS) spaced at 0.15λ₀ beneath the ground plane. Both configurations use the same single-stage voltage-doubler (VD) rectifier and load, enabling a controlled comparison. The MRS-backed AAIS achieves a peak gain of 9.2 dBi and an 840 MHz (22.2 %) bandwidth (3.36–4.20 GHz) while using a single radiating element. Compared with the low-gain variant, the high-gain rectenna delivers a 20 % absolute PCE improvement (60 % at 2 dBm vs. ∼ 40 % at 4 dBm) and reproduces the low-gain peak PCE at − 11 dBm (15 dB lower). The high-gain design also yields higher and more stable DC output (1.25 V at 0 dBm, 3.6 GHz, ±0.1 V across 3.5–4.0 GHz) and maintains usable DC (>0.5 V) down to − 7.5 dBm. These results demonstrate that a reflector-enhanced, single-element AAIS rectenna achieves simultaneous wideband operation, high efficiency, and improved low-power sensitivity for RF energy harvesting and WPT.

本文研究了天线增益对射频-直流功率转换效率（PCE）和灵敏度的影响。我们提出了一种用于两种配置的非对称臂i -槽（AAIS）天线：(1)低增益独立，(2)高增益，金属反射面（MRS）在地平面下方0.15λ0的间隔。两种配置都使用相同的单级倍压（VD）整流器和负载，从而实现可控的比较。当使用单个辐射元件时，mrs支持的AAIS实现了9.2 dBi的峰值增益和840mhz（22.2%）的带宽（3.36-4.20 GHz）。与低增益变型相比，高增益整流天线提供了20%的绝对PCE改善（2 dBm时为60%，而4 dBm时为~ 40%），并再现了- 11 dBm时的低增益峰值PCE（低15 dB）。高增益设计还可以产生更高和更稳定的直流输出（0 dBm时1.25 V, 3.6 GHz, 3.5-4.0 GHz时±0.1 V），并保持可用直流（>0.5 V）低至- 7.5 dBm。这些结果表明，反射器增强的单元件AAIS天线可以同时实现宽带工作、高效率和改进的低功耗灵敏度，用于射频能量收集和WPT。

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引用次数: 0

A Ku-band mechanically tunable bandstop filter in groove gap waveguide 槽隙波导中ku波段机械可调谐带阻滤波器

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156153

Ali Sabbaghi Saber, Rasoul Moslemi, Davood Zarifi

In this paper, the design methodology, fabrication process, and experimental verification of a mechanically reconfigurable bandstop filter in groove gap waveguide is proposed. While conventional printed and hollow waveguide and gap waveguide-based filters offer distinct advantages, they lack mechanical tunability and often face limitations for some applications. Gap waveguide technology offers a promising alternative by enabling contactless electromagnetic wave propagation and facilitating mechanical reconfiguration. The proposed filter leverages this capability, introducing a movable metallic component that allows dynamic tuning of the center frequency across an 8 mm displacement range. Experimental results demonstrate effective frequency adjustment from 12.1 GHz to 14 GHz, confirming the feasibility of this approach for compact, high-performance, and reconfigurable microwave systems.

本文提出了一种沟槽波导中机械可重构带阻滤波器的设计方法、制作工艺和实验验证。虽然传统的印刷和空心波导以及基于间隙波导的滤波器具有明显的优势，但它们缺乏机械可调性，并且在某些应用中经常面临限制。间隙波导技术通过实现非接触式电磁波传播和促进机械重构，提供了一种有前途的替代方案。所提出的滤波器利用了这种能力，引入了一个可移动的金属组件，允许在8毫米的位移范围内动态调整中心频率。实验结果表明，在12.1 GHz到14 GHz的频率范围内进行了有效的频率调节，证实了该方法在小型化、高性能和可重构微波系统中的可行性。

引用次数: 0

A low loss tri-band negative group delay circuit with resistors 带电阻的低损耗三带负群延迟电路

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156144

Yuwei Meng, Zhenping Lan

A low loss tri-band negative group delay circuit (NGDC) with resistors is proposed. The proposed NGDC consists of two open-circuited coupled lines connected with two parallel branches and a matching network. The working frequencies can be designed through changing the characteristic impedance of the transmission lines. And the negative group delay (NGD) time is tuned by adjusting the values of the resistors in the parallel branches. To verify the design concept, a tri-band NGDC is simulated, fabricated and measured. The NGD times are –0.80 ns, –1.04 ns, and –0.97 ns at three NGD central frequencies with insertion losses of 11.7 dB, 13.7 dB, and 11.2 dB, respectively. Meanwhile, the input/output return loss is better than 15.8 dB in the three NGD bands along with the variation of insertion loss is less than 2 dB.

提出了一种带电阻的低损耗三带负群延迟电路（NGDC）。所提出的NGDC由两条开路耦合线路和两条平行支路相连的匹配网络组成。通过改变传输线的特性阻抗来设计工作频率。并通过调整并联支路电阻的值来调节负群延时（NGD）。为了验证设计理念，对三波段NGDC进行了仿真、制作和测量。在三个NGD中心频率下，NGD时间分别为-0.80、-1.04和-0.97 ns，插入损失分别为11.7 dB、13.7 dB和11.2 dB。同时，三个NGD频段的输入/输出回波损耗均优于15.8 dB，插入损耗变化小于2 dB。

引用次数: 0

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