Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications最新文献

英文中文

Efficient channel shortening filters for in-package chip-to-chip wireless communication 用于封装芯片对芯片无线通信的高效信道缩短滤波器

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156119

Manh Le-Tran , Dinh Trieu Duong , Van-Khoe Ta

Chip-scale wireless links inside packaged systems suffer from strong multipath and mutual coupling, making interference-limited simultaneous transmissions even at moderate power. This paper introduces an interference-aware channel-shortening receive architecture for in-package wireless links that improves performance under simultaneous transmissions. The proposed receiver operates pre-matched-filter and learns an interference-aware shortener from joint covariance, thereby avoiding double shaping while requiring no transmitter coordination or spatial nulling. Focusing on multi-chiplet network-in-package (NiP) fabrics with simultaneous links and quasi-static channels extracted from full-wave models, we propose to improve post-detection signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and bit-error rate (BER). Metrics are quantified via closed-form equalizer solutions in various noise-limited and interference-limited regimes. Moreover, our formulation reduces to the conventional minimum mean-square error (MMSE) result in the single-link setup while it maintains significant gains under simultaneous transmissions scenarios. Numerical results show that proposed schemes consistently outperform conventional schemes across different values of power, rate, and the number of co-channel links, delivering significant SINR improvements and noticeable BER reductions at various transmit power ranges while maintaining consistent gains when increasing number of simultaneous links.

封装系统内的芯片级无线链路受到强多径和互耦合的影响，即使在中等功率下也能进行干扰有限的同时传输。本文介绍了一种可感知干扰的压缩信道接收结构，该结构可提高包内无线链路在同步传输条件下的性能。该接收机采用预匹配滤波器，并从联合协方差中学习干扰感知缩短器，从而避免了双重整形，同时不需要发射机协调或空间零化。针对从全波模型中提取的具有同步链路和准静态信道的多晶片封装网络（NiP）结构，提出了提高检测后信噪比（SINR）和误码率（BER）的方法。在各种限制噪声和限制干扰的情况下，通过封闭形式的均衡器解决方案量化度量。此外，我们的公式在单链路设置中降低了传统的最小均方误差（MMSE），同时在同步传输场景下保持了显著的增益。数值结果表明，所提出的方案在不同的功率值、速率和同信道链路数量上始终优于传统方案，在不同的发射功率范围内提供显著的信噪比改善和显著的误码率降低，同时在增加同时链路数量时保持一致的增益。

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引用次数: 0

A coplanar amplifier antenna with seamless integration of filter as input matching network 一种无缝集成滤波器作为输入匹配网络的共面放大天线

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156121

Minghuan Wang

A coplanar active antenna capable of filtering and gain amplification is proposed. The coplanar waveguide-coplanar strip line (CPW-CPS) method facilitates integration between networks. To reduce the size of the integrated antenna, seamless integration technology is used to integrate the Vivaldi antenna as the output matching network of the amplifier and the bandpass filter as the input matching network of the amplifier. The impedance is analyzed using the coupling structure of the CPW filter. Research has found that increasing the coupling width between resonators and decreasing the width of microstrip lines correspond to decreases and increases in capacitance and inductance, respectively. This change broadens the operating frequency of the filtering amplifier antenna. Fabrication and measurements revealed that the designed structure operates at 5.1–6.9 GHz, with a gain variation range of 10–10.44 dBi. Compared to passive antennas, the designed filtering amplifier antenna can provide in-band flat gain while ensuring radiation performance.

提出了一种具有滤波和增益放大功能的共面有源天线。共面波导-共面带状线（CPW-CPS）方法促进了网络间的集成。为了减小集成天线的尺寸，采用无缝集成技术，将Vivaldi天线作为放大器的输出匹配网络，带通滤波器作为放大器的输入匹配网络进行集成。利用CPW滤波器的耦合结构对阻抗进行了分析。研究发现，增加谐振腔之间的耦合宽度和减小微带线的宽度分别对应着电容和电感的减小和增大。这一变化拓宽了滤波放大器天线的工作频率。制作和测量结果表明，设计的结构工作在5.1 ~ 6.9 GHz，增益变化范围为10 ~ 10.44 dBi。与无源天线相比，所设计的滤波放大天线可以在保证辐射性能的同时提供带内平坦增益。

引用次数: 0

Joint parameter estimation for near-field signals with the COLD array 冷阵列近场信号联合参数估计

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156104

Tao Yu, Tieming Wu, Lutao Liu

In modern array signal processing, the parameter estimation of the signals is an important research topic. This paper proposes a method for jointly estimating the direction of arrival (DOA), range, and polarization parameters of the near-field signals with the concentered orthogonal loop and dipole (COLD) array. First of all, the second-order cumulant of the signals received from the COLD array is used to eliminate the range parameter with smaller complexity. Then, the atomic norm minimization (ANM) algorithm is used to estimate the DOA parameter with higher accuracy. Next, the range parameter is obtained by the simple one-dimensional multiple signal classification like (MUSIC-like) peak search. Finally, the polarization parameter is estimated by the principle of subspace decomposition. The comprehensive simulations are performed in the paper and the results show that the proposed method has high estimation accuracy and spatial resolution.

在现代阵列信号处理中，信号的参数估计是一个重要的研究课题。提出了一种利用正交环阵和偶极子阵（COLD）联合估计近场信号到达方向（DOA）、距离和偏振参数的方法。首先，利用COLD阵列接收信号的二阶累积量消除复杂度较小的距离参数；然后，采用原子范数最小化（ANM）算法对DOA参数进行精度较高的估计。其次，通过简单的一维多信号分类，如（MUSIC-like）峰值搜索，得到距离参数。最后，利用子空间分解原理估计极化参数。综合仿真结果表明，该方法具有较高的估计精度和空间分辨率。

引用次数: 0

Retraction notice to “High gain and frequency reconfigurable copper and liquid metamaterial tooth based microstrip patch antenna.” [Int. J. Electron. Commun. 137 (2021) 153799] 对“高增益和频率可重构铜和液体超材料齿基微带贴片天线”的撤回通知。[Int。j .电子。common . 137 (2021) 153799]

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156114

Sunil P. Lavadiya , Shobhit K. Patel , Rayisyan Maria

引用次数: 0

A compact dual-band power amplifier using spoof surface plasmon polaritons for broadband RF applications 一个紧凑的双频功率放大器，利用欺骗表面等离子激元极化用于宽带射频应用

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156116

Hemant Kumari , Amartya Paul , Shubhankar Majumdar , Giovanni Crupi , Jialin Cai

Spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) effectively manipulate electromagnetic waves in the microwave frequency range through ultrathin corrugated metallic structures. This work primarily focused on SSPPs for designing active circuits. Utilizing SSPP-based output matching networks (OMN) for a dual-band power amplifier design (DBPA), offering enhanced impedance matching and bandwidth expansion. Unlike conventional microstrip, the proposed SSPP OMN employs an excavated groove-inclusion design that enhances field confinement, reduces transverse size, and enables miniaturized wideband operation. The proposed DBPA-SSPP, fabricated using CREE CG2H40010F GaN HEMT technology on Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrates, exhibits strong agreement between experimental results and simulations, validating the effectiveness of the design methodology. The final implementation achieves frequencies of 1.69–1.89 GHz and 2.37–2.42 GHz, saturated output powers of 42.5 dBm and 40 dBm, gains of 14.5 dB and 14 dB, and drain efficiencies of 77.3% and 68.5%, respectively. Furthermore, adjacent channel power (ACP) is measured at −68.6 dBc and −64.3 dBc, with fractional bandwidths of 11.23%, and 2.08%, respectively. These results highlight the feasibility of SSPP-enabled amplifiers for sub-6 GHz 5G systems and suggest potential applications in microwave plasma communication and power delivery systems.

欺骗表面等离子激元（SSPPs）通过超薄波纹金属结构有效地操纵微波频率范围内的电磁波。这项工作主要集中在设计有源电路的sspp上。利用基于sspp的输出匹配网络（OMN）进行双频功率放大器设计（DBPA），提供增强的阻抗匹配和带宽扩展。与传统的微带不同，SSPP OMN采用了一种挖掘的凹槽包体设计，增强了磁场约束，减小了横向尺寸，实现了小型化的宽带运行。采用CREE CG2H40010F GaN HEMT技术在Rogers RT/duroid 5880衬底上制备DBPA-SSPP，实验结果与仿真结果非常吻合，验证了设计方法的有效性。最终实现频率分别为1.69 ~ 1.89 GHz和2.37 ~ 2.42 GHz，饱和输出功率分别为42.5 dBm和40 dBm，增益分别为14.5 dB和14 dB，漏极效率分别为77.3%和68.5%。相邻通道功率（ACP）分别为- 68.6 dBc和- 64.3 dBc，分数带宽分别为11.23%和2.08%。这些结果强调了在sub-6 GHz 5G系统中启用sspp放大器的可行性，并提出了在微波等离子体通信和电力传输系统中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Discharge activity analysis and hardware implementation of functional electronic components coupled magnetic sensing neurons 耦合磁传感神经元的功能电子元件放电活动分析及硬件实现

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156115

Junhang Hu , Xinying Li , Zhaoqin Wang , Xinlei An

This paper constructs a magnetic sensing neuron and two novel multimodal sensing neuron models. By embedding Josephson junctions in FitzHugh-Nagumo(FHN) circuit, magnetic sensing neurons can be constructed. Light-magnetic sensing neuron is realized by coupling magnetic sensing neurons with phototube, and acoustic-magnetic sensing is realized by coupling magnetic sensing neurons with piezoelectric ceramic. Firstly, based on the two-parameter bifurcation analysis, we systematically reveal the rich discharge pattern transitions of these three neurons, especially the ’ period-adding bifurcation ’ sequences with different structures. It is found that the amplitude and frequency of the signal generated by the piezoelectric ceramic have a significant disturbance effect on the discharge mode of the neuron, and the high amplitude will also inhibit the synchronization of the coupled neurons. The photocurrent has both disturbance and regulation on the discharge mode of neurons. The increase of light saturation current inhibits the synchronization of the coupled neurons. Secondly, through the analysis of Hamilton energy and synchronization, we find We find that the Hamilton energy controls the discharge mode of the system and the relationship between energy difference and synchronization. Finally, PSpice circuit simulation and hardware experiments successfully verify the correctness and physical feasibility of the theoretical model.

本文构造了一个磁传感神经元和两个新的多模态传感神经元模型。通过在FitzHugh-Nagumo（FHN）电路中嵌入Josephson结，可以构建磁传感神经元。光磁传感神经元与光电管耦合实现光磁传感神经元，声磁传感神经元与压电陶瓷耦合实现声磁传感。首先，在双参数分岔分析的基础上，系统地揭示了这三种神经元丰富的放电模式转换，特别是不同结构的“加周期分岔”序列；研究发现，压电陶瓷产生的信号的幅值和频率对神经元的放电模式有明显的扰动作用，且高幅值也会抑制耦合神经元的同步。光电流对神经元放电模式既有干扰又有调节作用。光饱和电流的增加抑制了耦合神经元的同步。其次，通过对哈密顿能量与同步的分析，我们发现哈密顿能量控制着系统的放电方式以及能量差与同步之间的关系。最后通过PSpice电路仿真和硬件实验成功验证了理论模型的正确性和物理可行性。

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引用次数: 0

A grid current feedforward control method to suppress output current harmonic of virtual synchronous generator under distorted grid 一种抑制畸变电网下虚拟同步发电机输出电流谐波的电网电流前馈控制方法

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156099

Haichao Yan , Mi Zhao , Min Lu , Hanlin Hu

Under a distorted grid, the quality of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) output current is severely degraded. The existing grid voltage sampling method exhibits high sensitivity to grid impedance; the virtual impedance method struggles to balance harmonic suppression performance and system stability; and hybrid control method often requires more additional sensors. To address these issues, this paper proposes a grid current negative feedforward control method to suppress current harmonics. First, the impedance model of VSG grid-connected system is established, and its fundamental and harmonic equivalent circuits are derived to analyze the mechanism of harmonic generation. Then, a harmonic voltage compensation term is constructed via negative feedforward control of the grid current, which significantly increases the harmonic output impedance of VSG. The stability of the proposed method is examined utilizing the Nyquist stability criterion, and its sensitivity to filter parameter deviations, digital control delay and sensor accuracy is fully analyzed. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments are conducted. Compared with three existing methods, the results demonstrate that the proposed method not only greatly improves output current quality while theoretically requiring fewer sensors, but also substantially reduces sensitivity to grid impedance and achieves a balance between harmonic suppression performance and system stability.

在电网畸变情况下，虚拟同步发电机输出电流质量严重下降。现有的栅极电压采样方法对栅极阻抗具有较高的灵敏度；虚拟阻抗法难以平衡谐波抑制性能和系统稳定性；而混合控制方法往往需要更多的附加传感器。针对这些问题，本文提出了一种电网电流负前馈控制方法来抑制电流谐波。首先，建立了VSG并网系统的阻抗模型，推导了其基波等效电路和谐波等效电路，分析了谐波产生的机理。然后，通过对电网电流的负前馈控制构造谐波电压补偿项，显著提高了VSG的谐波输出阻抗；利用奈奎斯特稳定性判据检验了该方法的稳定性，并充分分析了其对滤波器参数偏差、数字控制延迟和传感器精度的敏感性。最后进行了硬件在环（HIL）实验。结果表明，与现有的三种方法相比，该方法不仅在理论上所需传感器较少的情况下大大提高了输出电流质量，而且大大降低了对电网阻抗的灵敏度，在谐波抑制性能和系统稳定性之间取得了平衡。

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引用次数: 0

A broadband CMOS LNA with ultra-low balun error and enhanced power efficiency 一种具有超低平衡误差和提高功率效率的宽带CMOS LNA

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156118

Benqing Guo , Runwu Fan , Yao Wang , Jun Chen , Haishi Wang , Tianbao Wang

In this article, we present a 1–11 GHz CMOS balun low-noise amplifier (LNA) achieving simultaneously ultra-low differential gain error (GE) and phase error (PE) at low power. A dual-tier capacitor cross-coupled common-gate (CCCG) “differential current balancer” corrects amplitude/phase imbalance without invoking the classical gm–ratio noise penalty found in prior CG–CS noise-canceling balun LNAs. A stacked n/pMOS current–reuse core plus a compact series-peaking inductor provides 19.5–20.0 dB flat gain, 1.9–2.7 dB noise figure (NF), and − 1.4 dBm IIP3 at 9.7 mW (1.5 V/0.6 V dual supplies) in 65 nm CMOS. At typical corners, post–layout simulations show impressively low broadband balancing with GE < 0.15 dB and PE < 0.9° across the decade bandwidth while maintaining unconditional stability. The PVT and Monte Carlo analyses demonstrate robustness of balun error (σGE = 0.032 dB, σPE = 0.32° at 10 GHz). These results indicate a promising active replacement for bulky, lossy passive baluns in broadband 5G, sensing, and wideband RF front–ends.

在本文中，我们提出了一种1-11 GHz CMOS平衡低噪声放大器（LNA），在低功耗下同时实现超低差分增益误差（GE）和相位误差（PE）。双层电容交叉耦合共门（CCCG）“差分电流平衡器”纠正幅度/相位不平衡，而不会调用先前CG-CS降噪平衡LNAs中发现的经典gm比噪声惩罚。堆叠n/pMOS电流复用核心加上紧凑型串联峰值电感提供19.5-20.0 dB平坦增益，1.9-2.7 dB噪声系数（NF）和- 1.4 dBm IIP3在9.7 mW （1.5 V/0.6 V双电源）在65nm CMOS。在典型的角落，布局后模拟显示，在保持无条件稳定性的情况下，在十年期带宽中，GE <； 0.15 dB和PE <； 0.9°的低宽带平衡令人印象深刻。PVT和Monte Carlo分析证明了平衡误差（10 GHz时σGE = 0.032 dB, σPE = 0.32°）的鲁棒性。这些结果表明，在宽带5G、传感和宽带RF前端中，有希望主动替代笨重、有损的无源平衡器。

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引用次数: 0

A coverage-enhanced rectifying array antenna for RF energy harvesting applications 用于射频能量收集应用的覆盖增强整流阵列天线

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156112

Yutong Liu , Hucheng Sun

This paper proposes a coverage-enhanced rectifying array antenna operating at 2.45 GHz for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting. First, a 2 × 2 high-gain four-port array antenna is designed, along with a sum-difference feeding network. By integrating these two components, a system featuring four distinct radiation beam patterns is achieved—one high-gain single-beam mode and three multi-beam modes for wide-angle coverage. Subsequently, an efficient microstrip rectifier is designed. The array antenna and rectifier are then combined into a multi-operation-mode rectifying array antenna. Measurement results demonstrate that this rectifying array antenna can dynamically select operating modes based on practical scenarios, enabling both directional RF energy harvesting and robust power conversion efficiency across wide incident angles. This work provides an efficient and adaptive solution for RF energy harvesting in broad spatial domains.

提出了一种工作频率为2.45 GHz的覆盖增强整流阵列天线，用于射频能量采集。首先，设计了一个2 × 2高增益四端口阵列天线，以及一个和差馈电网络。通过集成这两个组件，实现了具有四种不同辐射波束模式的系统-一种高增益单波束模式和三种广角覆盖的多波束模式。随后，设计了一种高效的微带整流器。然后将阵列天线和整流器组合成多操作模式整流阵列天线。测量结果表明，该整流阵列天线可以根据实际情况动态选择工作模式，在宽入射角范围内实现定向射频能量收集和稳健的功率转换效率。这项工作为广泛空间域的射频能量收集提供了一种高效、自适应的解决方案。

引用次数: 0

on Machine learning assisted k-means++ clustering based phase quantization method for enhanced gain reflectarray design 基于机器学习辅助k-means++聚类的相位量化增强增益反射天线设计方法

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156110

Vimal Kumar , Akhilesh Mohan , Gunjan Srivastava

This paper presents an unsupervised machine learning (ML) based k-means++ clustering method for phase quantization in reflectarray (RA) design. Phase quantization is performed to limit the number of required distinct unit cells that eventually introduce the undesired quantization phase error (QPE). Unlike the conventional digital phase quantization method, the k-means++ clustering based phase quantization method forms the non-linearly spaced clusters of phase values, resulting in less average QPE (AQPE) that eventually gives rise to better radiation characteristics. RA prototypes of diameter 10λ₀ (λ₀ is the free-space wavelength at the design frequency of 30 GHz) consisting of half-wavelength periodic unit cells have been designed, and a couple of prototypes have been fabricated to experimentally validate the proposed design methodology in the Ka-band spectrum (26.5 – 40 GHz). Measured results show that the 2-state k-means++ quantized RA has 1.33 dB higher gain, which is equivalent to 3 % higher aperture efficiency (AE) compared to its conventional 2-state digital quantized RA at the design frequency of 30 GHz. Moreover, the k-means++ quantized RA shows a maximum of 2.5 dB gain enhancement at 37.5 GHz, and a maximum AE enhancement of 9.2 % at 28 GHz. Furthermore, the measured 1-dB gain bandwidth (BW) of the k-means++ quantized RA is 10.0 % in contrast to 5.0 % of the 2-state conventional digital quantized RA. The proposed quantization approach can be adopted in the RA design process to optimize the QPE by forming non-linearly spaced clusters to enhance the radiation characteristics.

本文提出了一种基于无监督机器学习（ML）的k-means++聚类方法，用于反射阵列（RA）设计中的相位量化。执行相位量化是为了限制所需的不同单元的数量，最终引入不希望的量化相位误差（QPE）。与传统的数字相位量化方法不同，基于k-means++聚类的相位量化方法形成了相位值的非线性间隔簇，从而减少了平均QPE (AQPE)，最终获得了更好的辐射特性。设计了直径为10λ0 （λ0为设计频率为30 GHz的自由空间波长）的由半波长周期单元组成的RA原型，并制作了几个原型，在ka频段（26.5 - 40 GHz）内实验验证了所提出的设计方法。测量结果表明，在设计频率为30 GHz时，2态k-means++量化RA的增益比传统的2态数字量化RA提高了1.33 dB，孔径效率（AE）提高了3%。此外，k-means++量化RA在37.5 GHz时最大增益增强2.5 dB，在28 GHz时最大声发射增强9.2%。此外，测量到的k-means++量化RA的1 db增益带宽（BW）为10.0%，而传统的2态数字量化RA为5.0%。提出的量化方法可以在RA设计过程中通过形成非线性间距簇来优化QPE，以增强辐射特性。

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