Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger最新文献

英文中文

The soleus muscle in comparative anatomy: Morphological variation and functional adaptation across mammals, with clinical insights 比较解剖学中的比目鱼肌：哺乳动物的形态变异和功能适应，具有临床意义

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152691

Łukasz Olewnik , Ingrid C. Landfald , Aleksandra Kajkowska-Szabert , George Triantafyllou , Maria Piagkou

Introduction

The soleus muscle, a deep postural component of the triceps surae complex, plays a fundamental role in human bipedal locomotion and venous return. Despite its clinical and functional importance, it remains underrepresented in comparative anatomical literature. Morphological and functional variations across species reveal crucial insights into its evolutionary and biomedical relevance.

Aim

This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the interspecies morphological variability of the soleus muscle, emphasizing its developmental origins, adaptive transformations, clinical significance, and translational potential.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted, integrating findings from anatomical dissections, histological analyses, embryological studies, imaging data, and evolutionary biology. Representative mammalian species were compared, including humans, primates, cursorial quadrupeds, and arboreal mammals.

Results

The soleus exhibits extensive variation in morphology, fiber-type composition, and functional integration across taxa. In humans, it is hypertrophied and slow-twitch dominant, supporting upright posture and endurance gait. In contrast, the muscle is reduced or absent in cursorial species such as horses. In arboreal mammals, it retains postural function despite its small size. These differences are shaped by embryonic development, phylogenetic lineage, and biomechanical demands.

Conclusion

The soleus muscle is an evolutionarily labile but biomechanically essential structure. Its comparative anatomy provides a unique model for understanding musculoskeletal adaptation, pathology, surgical application, and bioinspired design. Future research should integrate comparative, clinical, and technological approaches to fully exploit its potential.

比目鱼肌是三头肌表面复体的深层体位组成部分，在人类两足运动和静脉回流中起着重要作用。尽管它的临床和功能的重要性，它仍然在比较解剖学文献代表性不足。跨物种的形态和功能变化揭示了其进化和生物医学相关性的重要见解。目的综述比目鱼肌的物种间形态变异，强调其发育起源、适应性转化、临床意义和转化潜力。方法综合解剖解剖、组织学分析、胚胎学研究、影像学资料和进化生物学等方面的研究成果，进行文献综述。比较了具有代表性的哺乳动物物种，包括人类、灵长类动物、爬行四足动物和树栖哺乳动物。结果比目鱼在形态、纤维类型组成和功能整合方面表现出广泛的差异。在人类中，它是肥大和缓慢抽搐的主导，支持直立姿势和耐力步态。相反，像马这样的食草动物的肌肉则减少或没有。在树栖哺乳动物中，尽管它的体积很小，但它仍然保持着姿势功能。这些差异是由胚胎发育、系统发育谱系和生物力学需求形成的。结论比目鱼肌是一种进化上不稳定但生物力学上必需的结构。它的比较解剖学为理解肌肉骨骼适应、病理、外科应用和生物启发设计提供了一个独特的模型。未来的研究应结合比较、临床和技术方法，以充分发挥其潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Anatomical analysis of dual iliopatellar band layers: Implication for knee joint stability 双髌带层解剖分析：对膝关节稳定性的影响。

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152693

Seong-Kyu Choi , Jin Seo Park , Hongtae Kim , Joe Iwanaga , R. Shane Tubbs , Mi-Sun Hur

Background

The iliopatellar band (IPB) is an anterior extension of the iliotibial tract (ITT) that has been described as contributing to lateral knee stability. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical features of the IPB, focusing on its branching pattern from the ITT, the extent of patellar coverage, and its attachment.

Methods

We examined 64 specimens among 39 embalmed adult South Korean cadavers through dissection, microcomputed tomography, and sectioned images.

Results

The IPB consistently covered the patella and the patellar tendon but to different extents. Micro-CT revealed the division of the IPB into external and internal layers, each possibly having specific functions in force distribution and knee stability. The lateral patellofemoral ligament joined the internal layer or continuously attached to the lateral border of the patella, which possibly may assist in maintaining patellar alignment.

Conclusions

These anatomical insights into the layered configuration and attachments of the IPB may support a better understanding of knee biomechanics and surgical approaches, particularly in the context of ITT tightness and lateral patellar tracking.

背景：髂髌束（IPB）是髂胫束（ITT）的前伸，被认为有助于膝关节外侧稳定。本研究旨在探讨IPB的解剖学特征，重点关注其从ITT的分支模式，髌骨覆盖范围及其附着。方法：我们通过解剖、显微计算机断层扫描和切片图像对39具韩国成人尸体中的64具标本进行了检测。结果：IPB对髌骨和髌腱的覆盖一致，但覆盖程度不同。Micro-CT显示IPB分为外层和内层，每层可能在力分布和膝关节稳定性方面具有特定的功能。髌股外侧韧带连接髌骨内层或连续附着于髌骨外侧边界，这可能有助于维持髌骨的排列。结论：这些对IPB分层结构和附着的解剖学见解可能有助于更好地理解膝关节生物力学和手术入路，特别是在ITT紧性和外侧髌骨跟踪的背景下。

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引用次数: 0

A surgical and functional approach to the pelvic gross neuroanatomy of the female Yucatan minipig 雌性尤卡坦迷你猪骨盆大体神经解剖的外科和功能方法。

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152695

Daniel Medina-Aguinaga , Nancy Mirto-Aguilar , Yolanda Cruz-Gomez , Meleine Landry Konan , Jazmín García-Román , Maxwell Boakye , Charles H. Hubscher

The Yucatan minipig is gaining widespread use in studies focused on spinal cord injury. As a large animal model, it offers unique advantages for developing novel and more effective therapies. Successful neuromodulation experiments require precise access to central and peripheral neural structures, which depends on a thorough understanding of topographical anatomy and advanced surgical techniques. The current study describes the topography of the pelvic organs in the female Yucatan minipig, as well as a surgical approach to the principal nerves and branches controlling the pelvic viscera. Eight postmortem specimens, five fixed with 4 % paraformaldehyde and three non-fixed, were used to perform dissections under stereoscopy. Muscles that form the lateral and ventrolateral walls of the pelvis were identified. The pudendal nerve, formed by S2 and S3 contributions, includes an extrapelvic component formed by S1 and S2 contributions. The hypogastric nerve converged with the pelvic nerve (formed by the splanchnic branch of the S2 trunk and two anastomotic splanchnic branches from S1 and S3) at the pelvic plexus which supplies the autonomic innervation of the urinary bladder, urethra, vagina, rectum, and cavernous tissue of the clitoris. Together, the current anatomical and neuroanatomical descriptions provide a comprehensive understanding of the structural anatomy of the urogenital and colorectal regions in the female Yucatan minipig.

尤卡坦迷你猪在脊髓损伤的研究中得到了广泛的应用。作为一种大型动物模型，它为开发新的更有效的治疗方法提供了独特的优势。成功的神经调节实验需要精确地进入中枢和周围神经结构，这取决于对地形解剖学和先进手术技术的透彻理解。目前的研究描述了女性尤卡坦迷你猪盆腔器官的地形，以及控制盆腔脏器的主要神经和分支的手术方法。8个尸体标本，5个用4%多聚甲醛固定，3个不固定，在立体显微镜下进行解剖。形成骨盆外侧和腹外侧壁的肌肉被识别出来。阴部神经由S2和S3组成，包括由S1和S2组成的盆腔外神经。腹下神经与盆腔神经（由S2干的内脏分支和S1和S3的两个吻合的内脏分支组成）在骨盆丛汇合，骨盆丛支配膀胱、尿道、阴道、直肠和阴蒂海穴组织的自主神经。总之，目前的解剖学和神经解剖学的描述提供了一个全面的了解，在雌性尤卡坦迷你猪的泌尿生殖和结直肠区域的结构解剖。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study of the center of the intramuscular nerve dense region of the masseter muscle as the optimal botulinum neurotoxin A injection site 实验研究了咬肌肌内肌内神经密集区中心作为A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素注射的最佳部位

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152697

Ren Chen , Liyan He , Xiaojiao He , Xiaolin Jiang , Shengbo Yang

Background

Masseter hypertrophy impacts facial aesthetics. Botulinum neurotoxin type A(BoNT-A) injection is common, but the best site is unclear. This study seeks the optimal injection site for better facial contouring.

Material

Sixty rabbits were used to assess BoNT-A injection efficacy at the center of the intramuscular nerve dense region (CINDR). The CINDR of the masseter muscle was localized in 24 adult cadavers using Sihler’s staining and spiral computed tomography scanning. The line connecting the mouth corner to the earlobe base (horizontal reference) and the intersection of the line perpendicular to the mandibular angle and the zygomatic arch lower edge (longitudinal reference) were used as reference lines.

Results

One week after BoNT-A injection, reduced muscle thickness and muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and increased muscle atrophy factor (muscle ring finger-1) expression were observed in rabbits from both conventional and CINDR injection groups, but the changes were more pronounced in the CINDR injection group. The surface position of CINDR in human masseter muscle was located at 66.56 %±1.55 % along the horizontal reference line and 73.04 %±1.29 % along the longitudinal reference line with a puncture depth of 13.26 ± 0.44 mm.

Conclusions

The CINDR of the masseter muscle is an optimal BoNT-A injection site for cosmetic applications enhancing the targeting accuracy and efficacy of BoNT-A injections.

咬肌肥大影响面部美学。A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素（BoNT-A）注射是常见的，但最佳部位尚不清楚。本研究寻求最佳的注射部位，以获得更好的面部轮廓。材料采用60只家兔，评价BoNT-A在肌内神经致密区（CINDR）中心注射的疗效。采用Sihler染色和螺旋计算机断层扫描对24具成人尸体的咬肌CINDR进行了定位。以嘴角与耳垂基部的连线（水平参照）和与下颌角垂直的连线与颧弓下缘的交点（纵向参照）为基准线。结果BoNT-A注射1周后，常规组和CINDR注射组家兔肌肉厚度和肌纤维横截面积均减少，肌肉萎缩因子（肌环指-1）表达升高，但CINDR注射组变化更为明显。人咬肌CINDR的表面位置沿水平基准线为66.56 %±1.55 %，沿纵向基准线为73.04 %±1.29 %，穿刺深度为13.26 ± 0.44 mm。结论咬肌CINDR是美容应用中BoNT-A注射的最佳部位，可提高BoNT-A注射的靶向准确性和疗效。

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引用次数: 0

KRASG12D-driven Early Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and associated Natural Killer Cell Impairment are Influenced by Sex krasg12d驱动的早期胰腺癌发生和相关的自然杀伤细胞损伤受性别影响

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152457

Elise Arlt , Teresa Vauti , Andreas Schmidt , Helmut Laumen , Nico Hesselbarth , Markus Morawski , Anne-Kristin Fritsche , Martin Gericke , Karsten Winter , Heike Kielstein , Ivonne Bazwinsky-Wutschke

引用次数: 0

Proportional Localisation of the Peroneal Nerve Along the Fibula 腓神经沿腓骨的比例定位

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152433

Gloria Hohenberger , Niels Hammer , Marco Maier , Michael Pretterklieber , Bettina Pretterklieber

引用次数: 0

Internal carotid artery dolichoarteriopathies in the horse: An endoscopic and anatomic study 马颈内动脉细动脉病变：内窥镜和解剖研究

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152669

Claudio Tagliavia , Marco Pietra , Giulia Salamanca , Margherita De Silva , Marco Canova , Samanta Cacchione , Carolina Castagnetti , Cristiano Bombardi , Annamaria Grandis

Endoscopy of the guttural pouches in neonatal foals occasionally reveals atypical aspects in the course of the extracranial internal carotid arteries (ICAs) that are hardly seen in adult horses. While in veterinary medicine the data available on the presence of these anomalies in domestic mammals are limited and incomplete, in human medicine the morphological aspects of the ICAs have been the subject of extensive studies. Anomalies in the course and geometry of ICAs are commonly defined as dolichoarteriopathies, and should be classified as tortuous, kinked or coiled. To document whether the anomaly ICAs in foals can be attributed to dolichoarteriopathies, and to assess the incidence of carotid anomalies, two studies were conducted. An endoscopic study of the guttural pouch was carried out on 50 foals (24 M and 26 F) < 4w of age to examine the course of those ICAs in close contact with the pouch and an anatomical study was performed on the heads of 20 fresh horse carcasses (13 one-month-old foals, 1 seven-month-old and 6 adults) using vascular casts of the extracranial tracts of the ICAs to examine their morphology. The results showed the presence of ICA anomalies, including tortuosity, kinking, or coiling, only in foals < 4w olds and their absence in adults. The presence of a specific geometry in the foal was confirmed by both endoscopic and anatomical studies with 66 % and 71 % of the animals having dolichoarteriopathies, respectively, with a predominance of bilateral cases. Tortuosity was more common, and there appeared to be no gender difference in susceptibility. These anomalies could arise from the excessive length of the ICA in the extracranial course in relation to the distance between the origin of the vessel and its entry into the cranial cavity and based on this hypothesis, tortuosity, kinking and coiling in foals should be considered a simple transient anatomical variability and not a pathological event.

新生儿马驹喉部囊的内窥镜检查偶尔会发现颅外颈内动脉（ICAs）的非典型方面，这在成年马中很难见到。虽然在兽医学中，关于家养哺乳动物中存在这些异常的可用数据是有限和不完整的，但在人类医学中，ICAs的形态学方面一直是广泛研究的主题。异常的路线和几何形状的ICAs通常被定义为动脉粥样硬化，并应分类为弯曲，扭结或盘绕。为了证明马驹的ICAs异常是否可归因于颈动脉病变，并评估颈动脉异常的发生率，进行了两项研究。对50匹马驹（24匹 M和26匹 F） <； 4w)进行了喉部囊的内镜研究，以检查那些与喉部囊密切接触的喉部囊的过程，并对20匹新鲜马尸体（13匹1月龄马驹，1匹7月龄马驹和6匹成年马）的头部进行了解剖学研究，使用喉部囊颅外束的血管模型检查其形态学。结果显示，ICA异常的存在，包括扭曲，扭结，或盘绕，只有在马驹<； 4岁，成人没有。通过内窥镜和解剖学研究证实，马驹中存在特定的几何形状，分别有66% %和71% %的动物患有多动脉病变，以双侧病例为主。扭曲更常见，在易感性上似乎没有性别差异。这些异常可能是由于相对于血管起源和进入颅腔之间的距离，颅外通道中ICA的长度过长引起的，基于这一假设，马驹的扭曲、扭结和盘绕应被认为是一种简单的短暂的解剖变异，而不是病理事件。

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