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When parasocial relationships turn sour: social media influencers, eroded and exploitative intimacies, and anti-fan communities 当反社会关系恶化时:社交媒体影响者、被侵蚀和剥削的亲密关系以及反粉丝社区
IF 4.4 3区 管理学 Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.2022.2149609
Rebecca Mardon, Hayley Cocker, Kate L. Daunt
ABSTRACT Whilst social media influencers (SMIs) excel at establishing positive parasocial relationships with their followers, they can also provoke intense negative responses, as evidenced by the prevalence of SMI-focused anti-fan communities. Prior research does not explain how consumers’ parasocial relationships with SMIs become negatively charged, nor does it explain why this shift may fuel anti-fan community participation. Drawing from a netnographic study of two SMI anti-fan communities, we reveal that eroded reciprocal and disclosive intimacies, as well as exploitative commercial intimacies, can lead consumers’ positive parasocial relationships with SMIs to become negatively charged. We demonstrate that anti-fan communities provide opportunities for consumers reluctant to sever ties with the SMI to sustain their negative parasocial relationship by rebuilding eroded intimacies whilst avoiding and/or retaliating against their exploitation.
虽然社交媒体网红(smi)擅长与粉丝建立积极的副社会关系,但他们也会引发强烈的负面反应,以smi为中心的反粉丝社区的盛行证明了这一点。先前的研究并没有解释消费者与smi的副社会关系是如何变得消极的,也没有解释为什么这种转变可能会助长反粉丝社区的参与。通过对两个SMI反粉丝社区的网络研究,我们发现,被侵蚀的互惠和公开的亲密关系,以及被剥削的商业亲密关系,可能导致消费者与SMI的积极副社会关系变得带负电荷。我们证明,反粉丝社区为不愿与重度精神分裂症患者断绝关系的消费者提供了机会,通过重建被侵蚀的亲密关系,同时避免和/或报复他们的剥削,来维持他们的负面副社会关系。
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引用次数: 0
Lunch meal deals contribution to overconsumption and use of the intervention ladder models to examine stakeholders’ potential actions to reduce calorie content 午餐交易导致过度消费,并使用干预阶梯模型来检查利益相关者减少卡路里含量的潜在行动
IF 4.4 3区 管理学 Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.2022.2157462
S. Leek, Daniel Afoakwah
ABSTRACT This study examines the degree to which retailers’ lunch meal deal promotions meet the UK government’s One You campaign recommendation of 600 kcal for lunch. In parallel, the government are encouraging companies to reduce the calorie content of food and banning promotions encouraging overconsumption. Public policy intervention ladder models are used with upstream social marketing to consider how these government actions might affect companies and consumers’ freedom of choice. A census of the calories of lunch meal deal items in five stores was conducted to determine the degree to which they met the 600 kcal recommendation. 23% of lunch meal deals exceeded the 600 kcal guideline, and on average contained 10% more calories. Actions to reduce calorie content and their impact on stakeholders’ freedom are considered.
摘要本研究考察了零售商的午餐促销活动在多大程度上符合英国政府的“一个你”运动建议,即午餐600大卡。与此同时,政府鼓励企业降低食品的卡路里含量,并禁止鼓励过度消费的促销活动。公共政策干预阶梯模型用于上游社会营销,以考虑这些政府行为可能如何影响公司和消费者的选择自由。对五家商店的午餐交易项目的卡路里进行了普查,以确定它们满足600千卡建议的程度。23%的午餐超过了600大卡的指导值,平均多含10%的热量。考虑了减少卡路里含量的行动及其对利益相关者自由的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Towards an understanding of meme marketing: conceptualisation and empirical evidence 对模因营销的理解:概念化和经验证据
IF 4.4 3区 管理学 Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.2022.2158906
Ali Razzaq, Wei Shao, S. Quach
ABSTRACT Meme marketing taps into the potential of digital culture. Despite considerable practitioner interest, meme marketing is under-researched. The present study aims to fulfil two purposes. First, to conceptualise meme marketing, we draw on speech act theory and the theory of consumption values to define meme marketing. On this basis, we differentiate meme marketing from relevant digital marketing constructs, including e-WOM, digital content marketing, and viral marketing. Second, to validate the proposed definition, we empirically perform a qualitative content analysis to taxonomize meme marketing speech acts. Based on the content analysis of 699 meme marketing posts, we found that meme marketing serves as a rich communication source, sending intentions of the brand through single (i.e. assertive, directive, expressive) as well as combined (i.e. assertive entailing expressive, assertive entailing directive) speech acts that provide customers with epistemic, emotional, and social values. Important theoretical and managerial implications for academic researchers and marketers are also discussed.
Meme营销挖掘了数字文化的潜力。尽管从业者有相当大的兴趣,但模因营销研究不足。本研究旨在实现两个目的。首先,为了将模因营销概念化,我们借鉴言语行为理论和消费价值理论来定义模因营销。在此基础上,我们将模因营销与相关的数字营销结构区分开来,包括电子口碑、数字内容营销和病毒式营销。其次,为了验证所提出的定义,我们实证地进行了定性内容分析,对模因营销言语行为进行了分类。基于对699条模因营销帖子的内容分析,我们发现模因营销是一个丰富的沟通来源,通过单一(即自信、指示、表达)和组合(即自信-暗示-暗示、自信-暗示)的言语行为来传递品牌的意图,为客户提供认知、情感和社会价值。还讨论了对学术研究人员和营销人员的重要理论和管理启示。
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引用次数: 3
Remembering and anticipating researcher vulnerability: an autoethnographic tale 回忆和预测研究者的脆弱性:一个民族志故事
IF 4.4 3区 管理学 Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.2022.2158905
Chloe Steadman
ABSTRACT Whilst there is nascent literature surrounding researcher vulnerability, little is known about how memories and anticipations can elicit researcher vulnerabilities, and vulnerable academic writing can still be met with some scepticism. In this paper, I therefore provide an autoethnographic narrative of my encounters with researcher vulnerability during research into tattoos, time, and death. My tale revolves around three themes: Remembering vulnerabilities, (Un)anticipating vulnerabilities, and Fluctuating vulnerabilities. In doing so, I reveal not only how vulnerabilities can fluctuate through time and space, but also how past memories and future anticipations can stir present-day researcher vulnerabilities. Ultimately, I move beyond the ‘vulnerability as failure’ framing by helping to encourage an academic culture that celebrates being open about researcher vulnerability and writing more vulnerably.
虽然有关于研究者脆弱性的新生文献,但很少有人知道记忆和预期是如何引起研究者脆弱性的,而且脆弱的学术写作仍然会受到一些怀疑。因此,在本文中,我提供了我在研究纹身,时间和死亡时遇到的研究者脆弱性的自我民族志叙述。我的故事围绕着三个主题:记住漏洞、(不)预测漏洞和波动的漏洞。在此过程中,我不仅揭示了脆弱性如何随时间和空间波动,而且还揭示了过去的记忆和未来的预期如何激发当今研究人员的脆弱性。最终,我超越了“作为失败的脆弱性”的框架,通过帮助鼓励一种学术文化,鼓励对研究人员的脆弱性和更脆弱的写作持开放态度。
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引用次数: 2
Influencers and the attention economy: the meaning and management of attention on Instagram 影响力者与注意力经济:Instagram上注意力的意义和管理
IF 4.4 3区 管理学 Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.2022.2157864
Kyle Kubler
ABSTRACT The attention economy is often used to describe the market conditions of influencers on social media platforms. It suggests new economic logics and marketing strategies governed through accumulating attention. Critically examining this concept, this paper asks: how do influencers understand and manage attention on Instagram? Through 41 in-depth interviews with fitness influencers, this paper found that attention is not always desirable, nor the basis of new forms of economic logics. Further, as participants moved from working part-time to full-time in the online fitness industry, attention-mitigating strategies often replaced attention-seeking ones. This paper critically extends the concept of the attention economy and refocuses influencer marketing efforts on the contextual, rather than universal, use of attention.
注意力经济经常被用来描述社交媒体平台上有影响力的人的市场状况。它提出了新的经济逻辑和通过积累注意力来管理的营销策略。本文批判性地审视了这一概念,提出了以下问题:网红如何理解和管理Instagram上的注意力?通过对41位健身影响者的深度访谈,本文发现关注并不总是可取的,也不是新形式经济逻辑的基础。此外,随着在线健身行业的参与者从兼职转为全职,减轻注意力的策略往往取代了寻求注意力的策略。本文批判性地扩展了注意力经济的概念,并将影响者营销的重点重新放在上下文上,而不是普遍的注意力使用上。
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引用次数: 1
Influencer marketing: a scoping review and a look ahead 网红营销:范围审查和展望
IF 4.4 3区 管理学 Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.2022.2157038
Kendra Fowler, Veronica L. Thomas
ABSTRACT The interdisciplinary nature and rapidly expanding literature stream devoted to influencer marketing makes it difficult to stay abreast of the current research while simultaneously moving the field of knowledge forward. The goal of this article, then, is to take a look back, reviewing the disparate literature, in order to look ahead, guiding future research towards fruitful underexplored avenues of discovery. Using a framework-based scoping review, a retrospective examination of 150 articles is provided with emphasis on identifying publication trends, theories, contexts, constructs/concepts, and methodological approaches. These findings allow for a thorough discussion of gaps in extant knowledge, emerging themes and trends, and directions for future research. As such, this review provides a sound theoretical and practical basis for continued development within the field.
跨学科的性质和迅速扩大的文献流致力于网红营销使得它很难跟上当前的研究,同时推动知识领域向前发展。因此,本文的目的是回顾过去,回顾不同的文献,以便展望未来,指导未来的研究走向富有成效的未被探索的发现途径。使用基于框架的范围审查,对150篇文章进行回顾性检查,重点是确定出版趋势、理论、背景、结构/概念和方法方法。这些发现允许深入讨论现有知识的差距,新兴主题和趋势,以及未来研究的方向。因此,本综述为该领域的继续发展提供了良好的理论和实践基础。
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引用次数: 1
Towards glitch pedagogy 走向故障教学法
IF 4.4 3区 管理学 Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.2023.2174165
Chloe Preece, Laryssa Whittaker
ABSTRACT Borrowing from computing via media art, we introduce the concept of ‘glitch’ pedagogy to insert unexpected tension into the marketing curriculum, offering learners a glimpse into the underlying ideological structures of neoliberal higher education and opening up spaces of resistance and affirmation. We draw on neoliberal, marketised educational discourses and the bureaucratic systems they engender to illustrate glitches within the employability agenda, providing students conceptual space to leverage the contradictions and inequalities implicit in this agenda. As a genre of post-critical pedagogy, we argue that glitch pedagogy can move us beyond some of the noted dualisms of critical pedagogy to recognise the complexity of students’ emotional investments, in particular socio-cultural and political positions by way of affective relations.
摘要通过媒体艺术借鉴计算机,我们引入了“小故障”教育学的概念,将意想不到的紧张气氛插入营销课程,让学习者一窥新自由主义高等教育的潜在意识形态结构,并开辟了反抗和肯定的空间。我们利用新自由主义、市场化的教育话语及其产生的官僚制度来说明就业能力议程中的问题,为学生提供了利用该议程中隐含的矛盾和不平等的概念空间。作为后批判教育学的一种流派,我们认为,故障教育学可以让我们超越批判教育学中一些著名的双重性,通过情感关系来认识学生情感投资的复杂性,特别是社会文化和政治立场。
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引用次数: 1
Gender transformative advertising pedagogy: promoting gender justice through marketing education 性别变革型广告教育学:通过营销教育促进性别公正
IF 4.4 3区 管理学 Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.2022.2157461
L. Gurrieri, Fiona Finn
ABSTRACT We introduce a feminist pedagogical approach to marketing education through designing gender transformative advertising pedagogy, to promote diversity, ethics and gender justice in the classroom towards developing more inclusive industry practice and cultures. We detail how this was implemented through feminist praxis and a problem-based learning assessment task. Our analysis highlights that the feminist classroom raises consciousness of sexist advertising which can awaken students to unconscious gender biases. Further, we demonstrate how gender transformative advertising pedagogy encourages students to confront representational conventions of gender, with students aiming to portray diverse subjectivities yet struggling to transform femininity and relying on more ‘palatable’ forms of masculinity. Finally, we make the case for the marketing classroom as a site for gender justice, where through incremental action students come to link gendered structures with marketing practices and become equipped to act as agents of feminist change in and beyond the classroom.
摘要:本文通过设计性别变革型广告教学,将女性主义教学法引入营销教育,以促进课堂上的多样性、道德性和性别正义,从而发展更具包容性的行业实践和文化。我们通过女权主义实践和基于问题的学习评估任务详细说明了这是如何实现的。我们的分析强调,女性主义课堂提高了性别歧视广告的意识,可以唤醒学生无意识的性别偏见。此外,我们还展示了性别转型广告教学法如何鼓励学生面对性别的代表性习俗,学生的目标是描绘不同的主体性,但却在努力转变女性气质,并依赖于更“可口”的男性气质形式。最后,我们将营销课堂作为性别正义的场所,通过渐进式的行动,学生们将性别结构与营销实践联系起来,并成为课堂内外女权主义变革的推动者。
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引用次数: 2
Teaching note – Critical pedagogies: practical examples from the marketing classroom 教学笔记——批判性教学法:市场营销课堂的实践案例
IF 4.4 3区 管理学 Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.2023.2174166
Mona Moufahim, T. Heath, L. O’Malley, K. Casey, J. Denegri-Knott, A. Kuruoglu, I. Pavlopoulou, Anuja Pradhan
ABSTRACT Through five empirical accounts of critical teaching practices, this note addresses how we can teach and seeks to understand the strategies and approaches employed by marketing scholars to incorporate critical and moral reflection into the marketing curriculum, and be more critical and imaginative in reshaping marketing practices in the face of current challenges. The pedagogic examples offered acknowledge the powerful potential of the marketing classroom in developing critical and creative mindsets of future leaders and practitioners. These illustrations of the passion and creativity of marketing teachers can inspire colleagues to experiment with and develop their ideas in the classroom, and offer a model for sharing experiences that we hope may encourage more colleagues to do likewise.
摘要通过对批判性教学实践的五个实证描述,本说明阐述了我们如何进行教学,并试图理解营销学者所采用的策略和方法,以将批判性和道德反思纳入营销课程,并在面对当前挑战时更具批判性和想象力地重塑营销实践。所提供的教学实例承认了营销课堂在培养未来领导者和从业者的批判性和创造性思维方面的强大潜力。这些展示营销教师激情和创造力的插图可以激励同事在课堂上尝试和发展他们的想法,并提供一个分享经验的模式,我们希望可以鼓励更多的同事也这样做。
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引用次数: 0
Critical and creative marketing pedagogies: confronting rhetoric, addressing inequality, inspiring change 批判性和创造性的营销教学法:面对花言巧语,解决不平等,激发变革
IF 4.4 3区 管理学 Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.2023.2187539
T. Heath, Mona Moufahim, L. O’Malley
This special issue shines a light on critical scholarship in marketing education by curating both theorisations and innovative practices. Frustrated with the prevalence of standardised and self-serving representations of marketing, our intention is to amplify voices that problematise accepted wisdom in the field. Importantly, we move away from a critique of the marketing logic per se to celebrate novel approaches in its pedagogy built upon a broad understanding of our role as educators and of the transformative potential that this role holds. The manuscripts published here showcase impressive efforts to denaturalise (Fournier & Grey, 2000) marketing in the classroom, and bring attention to the fortitude and creativity that they evince. Creativity and critique are, at first glance, opposites. The first spins stories; the second picks them apart. In creating, we let our imaginations take flight. In critique we demand explanations for every step. When looked at more closely, however, the two processes are joined at the hip. Oft-repeated advice on writing, such as ‘write drunk; edit sober’ and ‘kill your darlings’ (attributed to Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner respectively, in each case apparently wrongly), speaks to the need to balance the creative imagination with a clear-headed and sometimes harsh critique of one’s own work. Likewise, creative vision in business, if uncoupled from a critical analysis of that vision’s weaknesses, can yield the harms inflicted by Elizabeth Holmes and Sam Bankman-Fried in desperately trying to bend reality to fit their dreams. Reflexivity, a form of self-directed critique, is fundamental in the process of knowledge creation. Conversely, critique can barely get started without a significant amount of imaginative, and creative thought. To ask ‘Why is it this way?’ is always, in part, to imagine it could be different. Furthermore, explicitly telling a different story about the phenomenon under study can elevate criticism above merely complaining into something capable of creating transformation. Hence, the production of new understandings requires a dialectical relationship between creativity and criticality (as well as observation and existing knowledge). We move forward by critiquing what we see in the world, creating imaginative new possibilities and then critiquing those creations. This is equally true for researchers, teachers and learners. We believe that there are admirable examples of these elements in the projects presented in this special issue and are delighted to share these with the reader.
本期特刊通过策划理论和创新实践,对市场营销教育中的关键奖学金进行了探讨。对普遍存在的标准化和自私自利的营销表示感到沮丧,我们的目的是放大那些对该领域公认的智慧提出问题的声音。重要的是,我们从对营销逻辑本身的批评转向了对其教学法的新方法的赞美,这种方法建立在对我们作为教育者的角色和这一角色所具有的变革潜力的广泛理解之上。在这里发表的手稿展示了令人印象深刻的努力变性(富尼耶和格雷,2000年)营销在课堂上,并引起人们对他们所表现出的毅力和创造力的关注。乍一看,创造力和批判是对立的。前者编故事;第二步把他们分开。在创造中,我们让我们的想象力飞翔。在批判中,我们要求对每一步作出解释。然而,当更仔细地观察时,这两个过程是紧密相连的。经常被重复的写作建议,比如“醉酒写作”;“编辑清醒”和“杀死你的爱人”(分别被认为是欧内斯特·海明威和威廉·福克纳说的,但显然都错了),说明了需要在创造性想象力和头脑清醒(有时是对自己作品的严厉批评)之间取得平衡。同样,商业领域的创造性愿景,如果脱离对愿景弱点的批判性分析,就会产生伊丽莎白•霍姆斯(Elizabeth Holmes)和萨姆•班克曼-弗里德(Sam Bankman-Fried)在绝望地试图扭曲现实以适应梦想时所造成的危害。反身性是一种自我批判的形式,是知识创造过程中的基础。相反,如果没有大量的想象力和创造性思维,评论几乎无法开始。去问“为什么会这样?”在某种程度上,总是想象它可能会有所不同。此外,明确地对所研究的现象讲述不同的故事,可以将批评从抱怨提升到能够创造变革的程度。因此,新理解的产生需要创造性和批判性(以及观察和现有知识)之间的辩证关系。我们通过批评我们在世界上看到的东西,创造富有想象力的新可能性,然后批评这些创造来前进。研究人员、教师和学习者都是如此。我们相信,在本期特刊中介绍的项目中,有这些元素的令人钦佩的例子,我们很高兴与读者分享这些例子。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Marketing Management
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