首页 > 最新文献

Cognitive Development最新文献

英文 中文
Processing speed deficits, developmental dyslexia, and handwriting in Chinese: A narrative review 加工速度缺陷、发展性阅读障碍与中文书写:叙述回顾
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101621
Hung-Ju Tsai
In this expanded review, we examine the theoretical frameworks tying together Chinese dyslexia, processing speed, and handwriting outcomes and then anchor these discussions in a broad range of empirical evidence spanning over two decades. We first describe how Chinese literacy’s unique characteristics, its monosyllabic script, high visual complexity, and emphasis on handwriting practice, create extensive speed-based demands. Next, we explore the role of rapid automatized naming (RAN) and magnocellular-based temporal-processing models, illuminating how deficits in these areas could impede literacy acquisition. We then connect these constructs to handwriting, focusing on how copying, dictation, and free-writing tasks expose or exacerbate speed deficits. Throughout, we incorporate recent neuroimaging findings and debate key theoretical perspectives, including the double-deficit hypothesis and critiques of the magnocellular framework. Subsequently, we highlight evidence-based interventions and emergent policy approaches in Chinese-speaking regions. We conclude by identifying critical directions for future research, including longitudinal designs that track dyslexic children’s writing fluency over time, cross-linguistic investigations clarifying how speed interacts with morphological awareness, and deeper neurobiological inquiries into the dorsal-ventral pathways implicated in handwriting. By foregrounding processing-speed deficits in Chinese dyslexia, this review provides a comprehensive narrative synthesis to integrate processing-speed and handwriting evidence in Chinese dyslexia, answering the question and explaining how speed deficits translate into handwriting difficulties.
在这篇扩展的综述中,我们研究了将汉语阅读障碍、处理速度和书写结果联系在一起的理论框架,然后将这些讨论锚定在20多年来广泛的经验证据中。我们首先描述了中国文字的独特特征,它的单音节文字,高度的视觉复杂性,以及对书写练习的强调,如何创造了广泛的基于速度的需求。接下来,我们探讨了快速自动化命名(RAN)和基于大细胞的时间处理模型的作用,阐明了这些领域的缺陷如何阻碍识字习得。然后,我们将这些结构与手写联系起来,重点关注抄写、听写和自由书写任务如何暴露或加剧速度缺陷。在整个过程中,我们结合了最近的神经影像学发现,并讨论了关键的理论观点,包括双赤字假说和对大细胞框架的批评。随后,我们重点介绍了华语地区的循证干预措施和应急政策方法。最后,我们确定了未来研究的关键方向,包括纵向设计跟踪阅读困难儿童的写作流畅性,跨语言研究阐明速度如何与形态意识相互作用,以及更深入的神经生物学研究涉及手写的背-腹侧通路。本文以汉语阅读障碍的加工速度缺陷为背景,对汉语阅读障碍的加工速度和书写证据进行了全面的综合叙述,回答了这个问题,并解释了速度缺陷是如何转化为书写困难的。
{"title":"Processing speed deficits, developmental dyslexia, and handwriting in Chinese: A narrative review","authors":"Hung-Ju Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this expanded review, we examine the theoretical frameworks tying together Chinese dyslexia, processing speed, and handwriting outcomes and then anchor these discussions in a broad range of empirical evidence spanning over two decades. We first describe how Chinese literacy’s unique characteristics, its monosyllabic script, high visual complexity, and emphasis on handwriting practice, create extensive speed-based demands. Next, we explore the role of rapid automatized naming (RAN) and magnocellular-based temporal-processing models, illuminating how deficits in these areas could impede literacy acquisition. We then connect these constructs to handwriting, focusing on how copying, dictation, and free-writing tasks expose or exacerbate speed deficits. Throughout, we incorporate recent neuroimaging findings and debate key theoretical perspectives, including the double-deficit hypothesis and critiques of the magnocellular framework. Subsequently, we highlight evidence-based interventions and emergent policy approaches in Chinese-speaking regions. We conclude by identifying critical directions for future research, including longitudinal designs that track dyslexic children’s writing fluency over time, cross-linguistic investigations clarifying how speed interacts with morphological awareness, and deeper neurobiological inquiries into the dorsal-ventral pathways implicated in handwriting. By foregrounding processing-speed deficits in Chinese dyslexia, this review provides a comprehensive narrative synthesis to integrate processing-speed and handwriting evidence in Chinese dyslexia, answering the question and explaining how speed deficits translate into handwriting difficulties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51422,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Development","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101621"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The rich are happy, and the poor are sad: The development of association between facial expressions and the rich and poor among children 富人是快乐的,穷人是悲伤的:儿童面部表情与贫富关系的发展
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101622
Jue Wang , Ziyao Ma , Chengyu Pang, Yonglin Shi, Xiaobin Zhang
This study examined whether children in China associate specific facial expressions with the rich and poor. Experiment 1 found facial expressions affected judgement of social class. Children aged 3–6 years (N = 389; 171 boys; Mage = 4.68) more often associated happy facial expressions with the rich and sad and angry facial expressions with the poor. Experiment 2 found that social class also affected facial expression judgement. Children aged 3–6 years (N = 393; 209 boys; Mage = 4.77) more often associated the rich with happy facial expressions and the poor with sad and angry facial expressions. These results indicate that children aged 3–6 years associate the rich with happy facial expressions and the poor with sad and angry facial expressions.
这项研究调查了中国儿童是否将特定的面部表情与富人和穷人联系起来。实验1发现面部表情影响社会阶层的判断。3-6岁的儿童(N = 389;171名男孩;Mage = 4.68)更多地将快乐的面部表情与富人联系起来,而将悲伤和愤怒的面部表情与穷人联系起来。实验2发现社会阶层也会影响面部表情的判断。3-6岁的儿童(N = 393;209名男孩;Mage = 4.77)更多地将富人与快乐的面部表情联系在一起,而穷人与悲伤和愤怒的面部表情联系在一起。这些结果表明,3-6岁的儿童将富人与快乐的面部表情联系起来,而穷人则将悲伤和愤怒的面部表情联系起来。
{"title":"The rich are happy, and the poor are sad: The development of association between facial expressions and the rich and poor among children","authors":"Jue Wang ,&nbsp;Ziyao Ma ,&nbsp;Chengyu Pang,&nbsp;Yonglin Shi,&nbsp;Xiaobin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined whether children in China associate specific facial expressions with the rich and poor. Experiment 1 found facial expressions affected judgement of social class. Children aged 3–6 years (<em>N</em> = 389; 171 boys; <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 4.68) more often associated happy facial expressions with the rich and sad and angry facial expressions with the poor. Experiment 2 found that social class also affected facial expression judgement. Children aged 3–6 years (<em>N</em> = 393; 209 boys; <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 4.77) more often associated the rich with happy facial expressions and the poor with sad and angry facial expressions. These results indicate that children aged 3–6 years associate the rich with happy facial expressions and the poor with sad and angry facial expressions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51422,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Development","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101622"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does children's play and associated neural activity differ according to individual differences in social skills, social understanding, and social contexts? 儿童的游戏和相关的神经活动是否因社会技能、社会理解和社会环境的个体差异而有所不同?
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101623
Salim Hashmi , Rhys M. Davies , Jennifer Keating , Ross E. Vanderwert , Catherine R.G. Jones , Sarah A. Gerson
Play is a major part of children’s lives that takes many different forms and presents differently within and between individuals. However, little research has compared how individual differences in children’s play are evidenced in joint play versus solo play contexts, and how these are related to children’s social behaviors and the neural mechanisms underlying these differences. Fifty-seven 4-to-8-year-olds (Mean age: 6.72 years; 93 % White; 52.6 % male) freely played with dolls alone and with an experimenter. Children’s play behavior (pretend vs. set up; doll vs. non-doll toys) and internal state language (ISL) were measured and neuroimaging captured activity in the posterior superior temporal sulcus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Parents reported on children’s social behaviors and theory of mind. We found children engaged in pretend play more and used more ISL in joint play compared to solo play. Both the use of ISL and pretend play were positively related to aspects of their social abilities, but only ISL was found to be associated with neural activity.
游戏是儿童生活的重要组成部分,有许多不同的形式,在个人内部和个人之间表现不同。然而,很少有研究比较儿童游戏中的个体差异是如何在联合游戏和单独游戏环境中得到证明的,以及这些差异与儿童的社会行为和这些差异背后的神经机制之间的关系。57名4- 8岁儿童(平均年龄:6.72岁;93% %白人;52.6% %男性)自由地独自或与实验者一起玩洋娃娃。研究人员测量了儿童的游戏行为(假装与设置;玩偶与非玩偶玩具)和内部状态语言(ISL),并通过神经成像捕捉了颞后上沟和背外侧前额叶皮层的活动。父母报告了孩子的社会行为和心理理论。我们发现,与单独玩耍相比,孩子们更多地参与假装游戏,并且在联合玩耍中使用更多的ISL。ISL和假装游戏的使用都与他们的社交能力方面呈正相关,但只有ISL被发现与神经活动有关。
{"title":"Does children's play and associated neural activity differ according to individual differences in social skills, social understanding, and social contexts?","authors":"Salim Hashmi ,&nbsp;Rhys M. Davies ,&nbsp;Jennifer Keating ,&nbsp;Ross E. Vanderwert ,&nbsp;Catherine R.G. Jones ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Gerson","doi":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Play is a major part of children’s lives that takes many different forms and presents differently within and between individuals. However, little research has compared how individual differences in children’s play are evidenced in joint play versus solo play contexts, and how these are related to children’s social behaviors and the neural mechanisms underlying these differences. Fifty-seven 4-to-8-year-olds (Mean age: 6.72 years; 93 % White; 52.6 % male) freely played with dolls alone and with an experimenter. Children’s play behavior (pretend vs. set up; doll vs. non-doll toys) and internal state language (ISL) were measured and neuroimaging captured activity in the posterior superior temporal sulcus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Parents reported on children’s social behaviors and theory of mind. We found children engaged in pretend play more and used more ISL in joint play compared to solo play. Both the use of ISL and pretend play were positively related to aspects of their social abilities, but only ISL was found to be associated with neural activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51422,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Development","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognitive correlates of future-oriented cognition in young Chinese children 中国幼儿未来导向认知的认知相关因素
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101620
Rachael Miller , Ning Ding , Nicola S. Clayton
Future-oriented cognition, which broadly encompasses an array of cognitive processes involved in understanding, constructing, imagining and planning for the future, typically develops in children aged 3–5 years. It facilitates humans in predicting and avoiding threats before they manifest and shaping current behaviours for future needs. Existing research on pre-schoolers’ future-oriented cognition predominantly tested children from Western (i.e. European, American) countries, whereas little is known about its developmental trajectory and cognitive correlates in Eastern populations. Addressing this gap, we present a systematic investigation of Chinese children’s future-oriented cognition. 87 Chinese pre-schoolers, aged 3–5 years, were administered with three comprehensive batteries of tasks measuring executive function, theory of mind and an array of paradigms tapping into different aspects of future-oriented cognition. Overall, Chinese pre-schoolers’ performance across the different cognitive domains was age-related. Importantly, there were consistencies between previous findings with Western samples and current Chinese children’s developmental trajectories of future-oriented cognition. Specifically, 3-year-olds were outperformed by 4- and 5-year-olds, with age 4 being critical as indicated by their consistent above chance-level performance. Additionally, there were positive associations between performance in future-oriented cognition tasks and executive function tasks, but not theory of mind tasks. Utilising an under-represented sample, the current study contributes to the emerging evidence on the relationship between future-oriented cognition and executive function in the preschool years.
面向未来的认知,广泛包括一系列涉及理解、构建、想象和规划未来的认知过程,通常在3-5岁的儿童中发展。它有助于人类在威胁出现之前预测和避免威胁,并根据未来的需要塑造当前的行为。目前关于学前儿童未来导向认知的研究主要针对西方(即欧美)国家的儿童,而对东方人群未来导向认知的发展轨迹和认知相关因素了解甚少。针对这一空白,我们对中国儿童的未来导向认知进行了系统的调查。对87名3 ~ 5岁的中国学龄前儿童进行了执行功能测试、心理理论测试和面向未来认知的范式测试。总体而言,中国学龄前儿童在不同认知领域的表现与年龄有关。重要的是,西方样本的研究结果与当前中国儿童未来导向认知的发展轨迹之间存在一致性。具体来说,3岁的孩子比4岁和5岁的孩子表现得更好,4岁的孩子表现一直高于机会水平,这表明他们的表现至关重要。此外,面向未来的认知任务和执行功能任务的表现之间存在正相关,而心智理论任务的表现之间不存在正相关。本研究利用一个代表性不足的样本,为学龄前儿童未来导向认知与执行功能之间的关系提供了新的证据。
{"title":"Cognitive correlates of future-oriented cognition in young Chinese children","authors":"Rachael Miller ,&nbsp;Ning Ding ,&nbsp;Nicola S. Clayton","doi":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Future-oriented cognition, which broadly encompasses an array of cognitive processes involved in understanding, constructing, imagining and planning for the future, typically develops in children aged 3–5 years. It facilitates humans in predicting and avoiding threats before they manifest and shaping current behaviours for future needs. Existing research on pre-schoolers’ future-oriented cognition predominantly tested children from Western (i.e. European, American) countries, whereas little is known about its developmental trajectory and cognitive correlates in Eastern populations. Addressing this gap, we present a systematic investigation of Chinese children’s future-oriented cognition. 87 Chinese pre-schoolers, aged 3–5 years, were administered with three comprehensive batteries of tasks measuring executive function, theory of mind and an array of paradigms tapping into different aspects of future-oriented cognition. Overall, Chinese pre-schoolers’ performance across the different cognitive domains was age-related. Importantly, there were consistencies between previous findings with Western samples and current Chinese children’s developmental trajectories of future-oriented cognition. Specifically, 3-year-olds were outperformed by 4- and 5-year-olds, with age 4 being critical as indicated by their consistent above chance-level performance. Additionally, there were positive associations between performance in future-oriented cognition tasks and executive function tasks, but not theory of mind tasks. Utilising an under-represented sample, the current study contributes to the emerging evidence on the relationship between future-oriented cognition and executive function in the preschool years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51422,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Development","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of parental reminiscing on spontaneous and voluntary memories in toddlerhood 父母回忆对幼儿自发记忆和自愿记忆的影响
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101619
Marie Geurten
While toddlers are often not able to voluntarily recall their previous experiences, they frequently show spontaneous memory retrieval: episodes that come to mind without any deliberate attempts to recall them. Our primary aim here was to capitalize on the dissociation between spontaneous and voluntary retrieval – respectively driven by associative and controlled mechanisms – to document the processes whereby parental reminiscing influences children’s memory for past events during the transition from toddlerhood to early childhood (age range: 24–46 months). To do so, parent-child dyads were recruited to participate in two experiments (n = 62 and 74, respectively). In both experiments, a new paradigm was created to assess spontaneous and voluntary memories of a previously experienced event, and the effect of parental reminiscing was assessed. In line with previous studies, results of both experiments revealed that children communicated more about the past event in the spontaneous than in the voluntary condition. Regarding the effect of parental reminiscing, the results of our item-by-item binomial generalized mixed-effect models revealed a relation between parental level of elaboration and children’s memory richness in both spontaneous and voluntary conditions, but a relation with the frequency of children’s memory recall only after a spontaneous retrieval. Given that the primary distinction between spontaneous and voluntary retrieval lies in the degree of strategic control required to access memories, this finding suggests that the impact of parental elaboration on children's memory operates mainly by supporting the development of associative processes, at least in the early preschool years.
虽然蹒跚学步的孩子通常不能自愿回忆起他们以前的经历,但他们经常表现出自发的记忆检索:在没有任何刻意回忆的情况下,脑海中出现的情节。我们的主要目的是利用自发和自愿检索之间的分离-分别由联想和控制机制驱动-来记录父母回忆影响儿童从幼儿期到幼儿期(年龄范围:24-46个月)对过去事件的记忆的过程。为此,我们招募了亲子二人组参与两个实验(n = ,分别为62和74)。在这两个实验中,研究人员创建了一个新的范式来评估对先前经历事件的自发和自愿记忆,并评估了父母回忆的效果。与之前的研究一致,这两个实验的结果都表明,儿童在自发的情况下比在自愿的情况下对过去的事件进行了更多的交流。关于父母回忆的影响,我们的逐项二项广义混合效应模型的结果显示,在自发和自愿条件下,父母的详细阐述水平与儿童的记忆丰富性有关,但与儿童在自发检索后的记忆回忆频率有关。鉴于自发检索和自愿检索之间的主要区别在于获取记忆所需的策略控制程度,这一发现表明,父母的详细阐述对儿童记忆的影响主要是通过支持联想过程的发展来实现的,至少在学前早期是这样。
{"title":"Influence of parental reminiscing on spontaneous and voluntary memories in toddlerhood","authors":"Marie Geurten","doi":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While toddlers are often not able to voluntarily recall their previous experiences, they frequently show spontaneous memory retrieval: episodes that come to mind without any deliberate attempts to recall them. Our primary aim here was to capitalize on the dissociation between spontaneous and voluntary retrieval – respectively driven by associative and controlled mechanisms – to document the processes whereby parental reminiscing influences children’s memory for past events during the transition from toddlerhood to early childhood (age range: 24–46 months). To do so, parent-child dyads were recruited to participate in two experiments (<em>n</em> = 62 and 74, respectively). In both experiments, a new paradigm was created to assess spontaneous and voluntary memories of a previously experienced event, and the effect of parental reminiscing was assessed. In line with previous studies, results of both experiments revealed that children communicated more about the past event in the spontaneous than in the voluntary condition. Regarding the effect of parental reminiscing, the results of our item-by-item binomial generalized mixed-effect models revealed a relation between parental level of elaboration and children’s memory richness in both spontaneous and voluntary conditions, but a relation with the frequency of children’s memory recall only after a spontaneous retrieval. Given that the primary distinction between spontaneous and voluntary retrieval lies in the degree of strategic control required to access memories, this finding suggests that the impact of parental elaboration on children's memory operates mainly by supporting the development of associative processes, at least in the early preschool years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51422,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Development","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101619"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Systematic impacts of early-adolescent experiences on behavioral development: Insights from the “Human‐Rat Interaction Paradigm” 青少年早期经历对行为发展的系统影响:来自“人-鼠互动范式”的见解
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101615
Xiaorui Wu , Bin Yin , Delin Yu , Hong Li
Utilizing human experimenters as surrogate caretakers and one-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats as child proxies, this study introduces the “Human-Rat Interaction Paradigm” (HRIP) to explore the systematic impact of early-adolescent experiences on behavioral development. Over a three-week intervention, rats were assigned to positive early-adolescent experiences (PEE), negative early-adolescent experiences (NEE), or a control group. By the second week, behavior stabilized. A series of assessments reveal that PEE rats showed lower anxiety and adapted quickly to new environments. In contrast, NEE rats exhibited early procedural learning but inadequate long-term memory retention. PEE rats were more interested in toy rats, while NEE rats displayed aversion; both groups preferred unfamiliar rats. In empathetic scenarios, both groups hesitated to share food with a trapped peer; NEE rats, in particular, showed increased vigilance and feeding interruptions. Social competition tests revealed distinct strengths and weaknesses, with the PEE group maintaining a more stable social hierarchy. Control rats, though less responsive to socio-environmental variations, consistently performed well in status-based (non-food reward) competitive settings. These findings highlight the significant role of early-adolescent experiences in shaping emotional, cognitive, and social behaviors, underscoring the translational value of HRIP as a developmental research model.
本研究以人类实验者为代监护人,以1月龄雄性sd大鼠为代幼鼠,引入“人鼠互动范式”(HRIP),探讨青少年早期经历对行为发展的系统性影响。在为期三周的干预中,大鼠被分配到积极的青春期早期经历(PEE),消极的青春期早期经历(NEE)或对照组。到第二周,行为稳定下来。一系列的评估表明,PEE大鼠表现出较低的焦虑,并迅速适应新环境。相比之下,NEE大鼠表现出早期的程序性学习,但长期记忆保留不足。PEE大鼠对玩具大鼠更感兴趣,而NEE大鼠表现出厌恶;两组都喜欢不熟悉的老鼠。在有同理心的情况下,两组人都不愿与被困的同伴分享食物;特别是NEE大鼠,表现出更高的警惕性和进食中断。社会竞争测试显示出明显的优势和劣势,PEE群体保持着更稳定的社会等级。对照大鼠虽然对社会环境变化的反应较弱,但在基于地位(非食物奖励)的竞争环境中始终表现良好。这些发现强调了青少年早期经历在塑造情感、认知和社会行为方面的重要作用,强调了HRIP作为一种发展研究模型的转化价值。
{"title":"Systematic impacts of early-adolescent experiences on behavioral development: Insights from the “Human‐Rat Interaction Paradigm”","authors":"Xiaorui Wu ,&nbsp;Bin Yin ,&nbsp;Delin Yu ,&nbsp;Hong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing human experimenters as surrogate caretakers and one-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats as child proxies, this study introduces the “Human-Rat Interaction Paradigm” (HRIP) to explore the systematic impact of early-adolescent experiences on behavioral development. Over a three-week intervention, rats were assigned to positive early-adolescent experiences (PEE), negative early-adolescent experiences (NEE), or a control group. By the second week, behavior stabilized. A series of assessments reveal that PEE rats showed lower anxiety and adapted quickly to new environments. In contrast, NEE rats exhibited early procedural learning but inadequate long-term memory retention. PEE rats were more interested in toy rats, while NEE rats displayed aversion; both groups preferred unfamiliar rats. In empathetic scenarios, both groups hesitated to share food with a trapped peer; NEE rats, in particular, showed increased vigilance and feeding interruptions. Social competition tests revealed distinct strengths and weaknesses, with the PEE group maintaining a more stable social hierarchy. Control rats, though less responsive to socio-environmental variations, consistently performed well in status-based (non-food reward) competitive settings. These findings highlight the significant role of early-adolescent experiences in shaping emotional, cognitive, and social behaviors, underscoring the translational value of HRIP as a developmental research model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51422,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Development","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From blank page to bright mind: Comparing the emotional benefits of drawing and other activities in children 从空白页到明亮的头脑:比较绘画和其他活动对儿童的情感益处
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101606
Claire Brechet, Clara Saget, Isabella Vijil
Few studies have examined drawing as a tool for children’s emotional regulation, with some evidence suggesting it can improve emotional states, particularly when used as a distraction. However, important questions remain. This study investigated whether the emotional benefits of drawing are greater than, or comparable to, those of other engaging activities. One hundred fifty children aged 7–8 years rated their emotional state (T1), engaged in one of four activities (drawing, tangram puzzle, reading, or passive observation), and then rated their emotional state again (T2). Results show that children’s emotional state improved in the drawing, tangram, and observation conditions, but not in the reading condition. These findings suggest that emotional regulation is not specific to drawing, nor is it merely achieved by engaging in any activity, but rather depends on the nature of the activity itself. This study helps clarify how typical daily activities can influence children’s emotional regulation and underscores the value of choosing activities that support emotional well-being.
很少有研究将绘画作为儿童情绪调节的一种工具,一些证据表明,绘画可以改善情绪状态,尤其是当它被用来分散注意力时。然而,重要的问题依然存在。这项研究调查了绘画的情感益处是否大于或可与其他引人入胜的活动相媲美。150名7-8岁的儿童对他们的情绪状态进行了评估(T1),参与了四种活动中的一种(画画、七合板拼图、阅读或被动观察),然后再次对他们的情绪状态进行了评估(T2)。结果表明,儿童的情绪状态在绘画、七巧板和观察条件下有所改善,而在阅读条件下没有改善。这些发现表明,情绪调节并不是绘画所特有的,也不仅仅是通过参与任何活动来实现的,而是取决于活动本身的性质。这项研究有助于阐明典型的日常活动如何影响儿童的情绪调节,并强调选择支持情绪健康的活动的价值。
{"title":"From blank page to bright mind: Comparing the emotional benefits of drawing and other activities in children","authors":"Claire Brechet,&nbsp;Clara Saget,&nbsp;Isabella Vijil","doi":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few studies have examined drawing as a tool for children’s emotional regulation, with some evidence suggesting it can improve emotional states, particularly when used as a distraction. However, important questions remain. This study investigated whether the emotional benefits of drawing are greater than, or comparable to, those of other engaging activities. One hundred fifty children aged 7–8 years rated their emotional state (T1), engaged in one of four activities (drawing, tangram puzzle, reading, or passive observation), and then rated their emotional state again (T2). Results show that children’s emotional state improved in the drawing, tangram, and observation conditions, but not in the reading condition. These findings suggest that emotional regulation is not specific to drawing, nor is it merely achieved by engaging in any activity, but rather depends on the nature of the activity itself. This study helps clarify how typical daily activities can influence children’s emotional regulation and underscores the value of choosing activities that support emotional well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51422,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Development","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advantage and forgiveness: The roles of advantage, knowledge state, apology, and theory of mind in children’s evaluations of rule-breaking 优势与宽恕:优势、知识状态、道歉和心理理论在儿童违规评价中的作用
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101610
Christina S. Marlow , Peter Strelan , Kelly Lynn Mulvey
It is unclear how children evaluate the acceptability of and fairness of forgiveness in scenarios of advantageous (cheating) and disadvantageous rule-breaking in third party scenarios. Prior work reveals that children increasingly consider intentionality and remorse when making moral judgments. Socio-cognitive skills, such as Theory of Mind (ToM), may underlie developmental changes in attending to these factors. We hypothesized that children would find situations of disadvantageous, unaware, remorseful rule-breaking as less severe and more deserving of forgiveness than advantageous, aware, and unremorseful rule-breaking. We also hypothesized that with increased ToM, children will make more nuanced evaluations. 181 4–10-year-old children (Mage = 6 years; 9 months months, 49.2 % female, 53 % White/European American) listened to vignettes where a rule was broken either with knowledge or not, either advantageously or disadvantageously, and the violator either apologized or not, and then evaluated the transgressor’s actions. False-belief ToM was also assessed. Regressions were conducted on ratings of acceptability and fairness of cognitive and behavioral forms of forgiveness. Children found advantageous rule-breaking as less acceptable than disadvantageous. Children found remorseful rule-breaking more acceptable and fairer to forgive. Knowledge-state was moderated by ToM, where for unaware acts, those with greater ToM rated them less severely. Children mostly referenced societal concerns in their reasoning. Future research on rule-violations and forgiveness needs to continue to consider factors beyond the rule breaking itself. Overall, even young children are sensitive to the web of factors that surround rulebreaking and utilize these factors in their acceptability and fairness of forgiveness evaluations.
目前尚不清楚儿童如何评估宽恕在有利(作弊)和不利的第三方违规情况下的可接受性和公平性。先前的研究表明,儿童在做出道德判断时越来越多地考虑故意和悔恨。社会认知技能,如心理理论(ToM),可能是参与这些因素的发展变化的基础。我们假设,孩子们会发现,不利的、无意识的、后悔的违规行为比有利的、有意识的、不后悔的违规行为更不严重,更值得原谅。我们还假设,随着ToM的增加,孩子们会做出更细微的评估。181名4 - 10岁儿童(法师= 6岁;9个月,49.2 %女性,53 %白人/欧洲裔美国人)听了一个小插曲,其中一个规则被打破了,有知识的,有有利的,也有不利的,违规者道歉或不道歉,然后评估违规者的行为。错误信念汤姆也被评估。对宽恕的认知形式和行为形式的可接受性和公平性进行了回归。孩子们认为有利的违规行为比不利的违规行为更难以接受。孩子们发现,出于悔恨而违反规则的行为更容易被接受,也更容易被原谅。知识状态由汤姆调节,对于无意识的行为,那些汤姆高的人认为不那么严重。孩子们在推理时大多提到了社会问题。未来关于违反规则和宽恕的研究需要继续考虑违反规则本身之外的因素。总的来说,即使是年幼的孩子也对违反规则的各种因素很敏感,并利用这些因素来评估宽恕的可接受性和公平性。
{"title":"Advantage and forgiveness: The roles of advantage, knowledge state, apology, and theory of mind in children’s evaluations of rule-breaking","authors":"Christina S. Marlow ,&nbsp;Peter Strelan ,&nbsp;Kelly Lynn Mulvey","doi":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is unclear how children evaluate the acceptability of and fairness of forgiveness in scenarios of advantageous (cheating) and disadvantageous rule-breaking in third party scenarios. Prior work reveals that children increasingly consider intentionality and remorse when making moral judgments. Socio-cognitive skills, such as Theory of Mind (ToM), may underlie developmental changes in attending to these factors. We hypothesized that children would find situations of disadvantageous, unaware, remorseful rule-breaking as less severe and more deserving of forgiveness than advantageous, aware, and unremorseful rule-breaking. We also hypothesized that with increased ToM, children will make more nuanced evaluations. 181 4–10-year-old children (Mage = 6 years; 9 months months, 49.2 % female, 53 % White/European American) listened to vignettes where a rule was broken either with knowledge or not, either advantageously or disadvantageously, and the violator either apologized or not, and then evaluated the transgressor’s actions. False-belief ToM was also assessed. Regressions were conducted on ratings of acceptability and fairness of cognitive and behavioral forms of forgiveness. Children found advantageous rule-breaking as less acceptable than disadvantageous. Children found remorseful rule-breaking more acceptable and fairer to forgive. Knowledge-state was moderated by ToM, where for unaware acts, those with greater ToM rated them less severely. Children mostly referenced societal concerns in their reasoning. Future research on rule-violations and forgiveness needs to continue to consider factors beyond the rule breaking itself. Overall, even young children are sensitive to the web of factors that surround rulebreaking and utilize these factors in their acceptability and fairness of forgiveness evaluations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51422,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Development","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The influence of cooperation and competition on children’s resource allocation: Differences between interindividual and intergroup interactions 合作与竞争对儿童资源配置的影响:个体与群体互动的差异
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101608
Demao Zhao , Xue Xiao , Dan Cui , Yanfang Li
Previous research on children’s resource allocation in cooperative and competitive contexts has primarily focused on either interindividual interactions (interaction between two individuals) or intergroup interactions (interaction between two groups), with few studies adopting a comparative framework that simultaneously assesses allocation patterns across both social contexts (cooperation/competition) and interaction types (interindividual/intergroup). Specifically, little is known about how cooperation versus competition differentially shapes children’s allocation decisions when interacting with individuals versus groups. To address this issue, 601 children aged 3–5 and 6–8 years were asked to allocate resources either between themselves and a partner (interindividual condition) or between their group and another group (intergroup condition) under cooperative, competitive, or neutral (control) contexts. Additionally, a forced-choice game task (including sharing, prosocial, and envy trials) was used to explore whether children’s behavioral differences were due to prosocial, egalitarian, or egoistic motivations. Results showed that in competitive contexts, children in both age groups allocated more resources to their own side. Notably, 3- to 5-year-olds allocated more resources to themselves than to their group, whereas 6- to 8-year-olds showed the opposite pattern, allocating more to their group than to themselves. Moreover, in the forced-choice task, 6- to 8-year-olds made more choices that benefited their own side in the intergroup condition than in the interindividual condition. In the cooperative context, 6- to 8-year-olds demonstrated an egalitarian tendency in resource allocation, with no significant differences between the interindividual and intergroup conditions. These findings suggest that in competitive contexts, children’s resource allocation shifts from prioritizing personal interests to considering ingroup interests, whereas in cooperative contexts, children show an egalitarian tendency in resource allocation regardless of interaction type. These results enhance our understanding of how interindividual and intergroup interactions, along with cooperation versus competition, jointly influence resource allocation during development.
以往关于合作和竞争环境下儿童资源分配的研究主要集中在个体间互动(两个个体之间的互动)或群体间互动(两个群体之间的互动),很少有研究采用比较框架同时评估社会环境(合作/竞争)和互动类型(个体间/群体间)的分配模式。具体来说,在与个人或群体互动时,合作与竞争如何影响儿童的分配决策,我们知之甚少。为了解决这个问题,601名3-5岁和6-8岁的儿童被要求在合作、竞争或中立(控制)环境下在自己和伴侣之间(个体间条件)或在他们的群体和另一个群体之间(群体间条件)分配资源。此外,一个强迫选择游戏任务(包括分享、亲社会和嫉妒试验)被用来探索儿童的行为差异是由亲社会、平等主义还是利己主义动机引起的。结果表明,在竞争环境中,两个年龄组的孩子都将更多的资源分配给了自己的一方。值得注意的是,3- 5岁的孩子将更多的资源分配给自己,而6- 8岁的孩子则表现出相反的模式,他们将更多的资源分配给团队,而不是自己。此外,在强迫选择任务中,6 ~ 8岁儿童在群体间条件下比在个体间条件下做出更多有利于自己的选择。在合作情境下,6 ~ 8岁儿童在资源分配上表现出平等主义倾向,个体间和群体间的资源分配差异不显著。研究结果表明,在竞争环境中,儿童的资源分配从优先考虑个人利益转向考虑群体内利益,而在合作环境中,无论何种互动类型,儿童在资源分配上都表现出平等主义倾向。这些结果增强了我们对个体间和群体间互动以及合作与竞争如何共同影响发展过程中的资源分配的理解。
{"title":"The influence of cooperation and competition on children’s resource allocation: Differences between interindividual and intergroup interactions","authors":"Demao Zhao ,&nbsp;Xue Xiao ,&nbsp;Dan Cui ,&nbsp;Yanfang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research on children’s resource allocation in cooperative and competitive contexts has primarily focused on either interindividual interactions (interaction between two individuals) or intergroup interactions (interaction between two groups), with few studies adopting a comparative framework that simultaneously assesses allocation patterns across both social contexts (cooperation/competition) and interaction types (interindividual/intergroup). Specifically, little is known about how cooperation versus competition differentially shapes children’s allocation decisions when interacting with individuals versus groups. To address this issue, 601 children aged 3–5 and 6–8 years were asked to allocate resources either between themselves and a partner (interindividual condition) or between their group and another group (intergroup condition) under cooperative, competitive, or neutral (control) contexts. Additionally, a forced-choice game task (including sharing, prosocial, and envy trials) was used to explore whether children’s behavioral differences were due to prosocial, egalitarian, or egoistic motivations. Results showed that in competitive contexts, children in both age groups allocated more resources to their own side. Notably, 3- to 5-year-olds allocated more resources to themselves than to their group, whereas 6- to 8-year-olds showed the opposite pattern, allocating more to their group than to themselves. Moreover, in the forced-choice task, 6- to 8-year-olds made more choices that benefited their own side in the intergroup condition than in the interindividual condition. In the cooperative context, 6- to 8-year-olds demonstrated an egalitarian tendency in resource allocation, with no significant differences between the interindividual and intergroup conditions. These findings suggest that in competitive contexts, children’s resource allocation shifts from prioritizing personal interests to considering ingroup interests, whereas in cooperative contexts, children show an egalitarian tendency in resource allocation regardless of interaction type. These results enhance our understanding of how interindividual and intergroup interactions, along with cooperation versus competition, jointly influence resource allocation during development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51422,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Development","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101608"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relationships between executive functions and morphosyntactic skills in Spanish-speaking children with and without developmental language disorder 有或无发展性语言障碍的西班牙语儿童执行功能与形态句法技能的关系
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101609
Felipe Torres-Morales , Claudia Araya , Gary Morgan , Ricardo Rosas
One of the primary markers of developmental language disorder (DLD) is difficulties in the development of morphosyntax. In addition, because children with DLD often have deficits in executive functions (EFs) it has been suggested that EF may be associated with their reduced ability to comprehend and produce different morphosyntactic structures. However, the specific pattern of this relationship remains unclear. The present cross-sectional study examined the association of a set of EFs with the comprehension and production of morphosyntax in a sample of Spanish-speaking children with and without DLD. A total of 204 children aged 6–8 years were assessed: 105 with DLD and 99 with typical development (TD). Multiple regression models and path analyses were performed, with EFs as predictors and morphosyntactic comprehension and production as outcome or mediating variables. The results showed that in children with DLD the EFs of verbal working memory and cognitive flexibility were directly associated with morphosyntactic comprehension and indirectly with morphosyntactic production. This indirect relationship was mediated by morphosyntactic comprehension. In TD children, there was a significant relationship only between verbal working memory and morphosyntactic comprehension. These results suggest that school-aged children with DLD depend more on EFs for morphosyntactic processing than their TD peers. Furthermore, EFs have a more critical influence on morphosyntactic comprehension than production. Interventions aimed at improving morphosyntax in DLD should include EF activities.
发展性语言障碍(DLD)的主要标志之一是形态语法发育困难。此外,由于患有DLD的儿童通常在执行功能(EFs)方面存在缺陷,因此有人认为EF可能与他们理解和产生不同形态句法结构的能力下降有关。然而,这种关系的具体模式尚不清楚。本横断面研究考察了一组有和没有DLD的说西班牙语的儿童的ef与理解和产生形态语法的关系。共有204名6-8岁的儿童被评估:105名患有DLD, 99名患有典型发育(TD)。以EFs为预测因子,形态句法理解和产生为结果或中介变量,进行了多元回归模型和路径分析。结果表明,言语工作记忆和认知灵活性与形态句法理解直接相关,与形态句法产生间接相关。这种间接关系是由形态句法理解介导的。在TD儿童中,只有言语工作记忆与形态句法理解之间存在显著的关系。这些结果表明,DLD的学龄儿童比TD的同龄人更依赖于电磁场进行形态句法加工。此外,电场对形态句法理解的影响比产生的影响更为关键。旨在改善DLD形态语法的干预措施应包括EF活动。
{"title":"Relationships between executive functions and morphosyntactic skills in Spanish-speaking children with and without developmental language disorder","authors":"Felipe Torres-Morales ,&nbsp;Claudia Araya ,&nbsp;Gary Morgan ,&nbsp;Ricardo Rosas","doi":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the primary markers of developmental language disorder (DLD) is difficulties in the development of morphosyntax. In addition, because children with DLD often have deficits in executive functions (EFs) it has been suggested that EF may be associated with their reduced ability to comprehend and produce different morphosyntactic structures. However, the specific pattern of this relationship remains unclear. The present cross-sectional study examined the association of a set of EFs with the comprehension and production of morphosyntax in a sample of Spanish-speaking children with and without DLD. A total of 204 children aged 6–8 years were assessed: 105 with DLD and 99 with typical development (TD). Multiple regression models and path analyses were performed, with EFs as predictors and morphosyntactic comprehension and production as outcome or mediating variables. The results showed that in children with DLD the EFs of verbal working memory and cognitive flexibility were directly associated with morphosyntactic comprehension and indirectly with morphosyntactic production. This indirect relationship was mediated by morphosyntactic comprehension. In TD children, there was a significant relationship only between verbal working memory and morphosyntactic comprehension. These results suggest that school-aged children with DLD depend more on EFs for morphosyntactic processing than their TD peers. Furthermore, EFs have a more critical influence on morphosyntactic comprehension than production. Interventions aimed at improving morphosyntax in DLD should include EF activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51422,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Development","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101609"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Cognitive Development
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1