Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2041478
Guangcan Xiang, Qingqing Li, Xiaobao Li, Hong Chen
ABSTRACT This study examined the growth trajectory of self-concept clarity (SCC) and explored the influence of this trajectory on the development of life satisfaction (LS) and positive affect (PA) among Chinese adolescents (N = 2001, 56.97% females). Results of latent growth models showed no significant mean-level change of SCC across three waves in a year. However, significant inter-individual variability was presented in the developmental patterns of SCC over time. Specifically, older adolescents showed higher initial levels of SCC; and males were related to increased SCC in development rates. Moreover, we found gender-specific nature of the relationship between SCC and well-being outcomes (e.g., LS and PA). Our results have significant practical implications for mental health programs in adolescence.
{"title":"Development of self-concept clarity from ages 11 to 24: Latent growth models of Chinese adolescents","authors":"Guangcan Xiang, Qingqing Li, Xiaobao Li, Hong Chen","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2041478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2041478","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined the growth trajectory of self-concept clarity (SCC) and explored the influence of this trajectory on the development of life satisfaction (LS) and positive affect (PA) among Chinese adolescents (N = 2001, 56.97% females). Results of latent growth models showed no significant mean-level change of SCC across three waves in a year. However, significant inter-individual variability was presented in the developmental patterns of SCC over time. Specifically, older adolescents showed higher initial levels of SCC; and males were related to increased SCC in development rates. Moreover, we found gender-specific nature of the relationship between SCC and well-being outcomes (e.g., LS and PA). Our results have significant practical implications for mental health programs in adolescence.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47877817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2041080
K. Muir, A. Madill, Charity Brown
ABSTRACT Across three studies we explored neuroticism in relation to the fading affect bias, which refers to the greater fading of unpleasant compared to pleasant emotions in autobiographical memory. With increasing neuroticism, there was an increase in the frequency of unpleasant event rehearsal, which was then linked to less fading of negative affect. Study 2 showed this effect was specific to reflective rehearsal, with Study 3 clarifying the mediating effect was due to increased frequency of the reflective sub-type of rumination. We offer new insights into the effects of neuroticism on autobiographical memory and suggest that reflective rumination can be linked to retention of negative affect in individuals with high neuroticism, which can be interpreted as indicative of maladaptive emotional processing.
{"title":"Reflective rumination mediates the effects of neuroticism upon the fading affect bias in autobiographical memory","authors":"K. Muir, A. Madill, Charity Brown","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2041080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2041080","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Across three studies we explored neuroticism in relation to the fading affect bias, which refers to the greater fading of unpleasant compared to pleasant emotions in autobiographical memory. With increasing neuroticism, there was an increase in the frequency of unpleasant event rehearsal, which was then linked to less fading of negative affect. Study 2 showed this effect was specific to reflective rehearsal, with Study 3 clarifying the mediating effect was due to increased frequency of the reflective sub-type of rumination. We offer new insights into the effects of neuroticism on autobiographical memory and suggest that reflective rumination can be linked to retention of negative affect in individuals with high neuroticism, which can be interpreted as indicative of maladaptive emotional processing.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42810738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-06DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2036635
Erik J. Jansen, J. Danckert, P. Seli, Abigail A. Scholer
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique opportunities to explore how fundamental self-regulatory variables affect responses to the pandemic. We examine how two critical self-regulatory orientations, locomotion and assessment, relate to psychological distress and obeying public health guidelines using secondary data analysis. In the initial pandemic stages (April and May, 2020), North American participants (N = 924) completed measures of chronic locomotion and assessment, pandemic behaviors and feelings, and various individual-differences. Analyses revealed that assessment, but not locomotion, was indirectly associated with greater pandemic rule-breaking and psychological distress through the fear of missing out, difficulty engaging in activities, and engagement in negative activities. We discuss why the vulnerabilities of assessment, and not locomotion, may be particularly sensitive to pandemic-related constraints.
{"title":"Under pressure: Locomotion and assessment in the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Erik J. Jansen, J. Danckert, P. Seli, Abigail A. Scholer","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2036635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2036635","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique opportunities to explore how fundamental self-regulatory variables affect responses to the pandemic. We examine how two critical self-regulatory orientations, locomotion and assessment, relate to psychological distress and obeying public health guidelines using secondary data analysis. In the initial pandemic stages (April and May, 2020), North American participants (N = 924) completed measures of chronic locomotion and assessment, pandemic behaviors and feelings, and various individual-differences. Analyses revealed that assessment, but not locomotion, was indirectly associated with greater pandemic rule-breaking and psychological distress through the fear of missing out, difficulty engaging in activities, and engagement in negative activities. We discuss why the vulnerabilities of assessment, and not locomotion, may be particularly sensitive to pandemic-related constraints.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45794357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2028670
Jinhyun Kim, Kaiyuan Chen, Grace N. Rivera, Emily K. Hong, S. Kamble, C. Scollon, Kennon M. Sheldon, Hong Zhang, Rebecca J. Schlegel
ABSTRACT A widespread lay theory in the United States suggests that the best way to make decisions is to follow who you “really are”, referred to as the “true-self-as-guide” (TSAG) lay theory of decision making. In this paper, we explore whether people from four less-WEIRD (i.e., Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) countries also explicitly endorse the TSAG lay theory, whether individual differences in horizontal/vertical individualist/collectivist mindsets correlate with TSAG endorsement, and whether TSAG endorsement predicts wellbeing. Participants were recruited from US, China, India, Singapore, and South Korea (total N=654). Results revealed TSAG lay theories was high across all countries, that horizontal mindsets were more relevant to TSAG endorsement than individualism/collectivism, and that TSAG endorsement predicted well-being in a non US-context.
{"title":"True-self-as-guide lay theory endorsement across five countries","authors":"Jinhyun Kim, Kaiyuan Chen, Grace N. Rivera, Emily K. Hong, S. Kamble, C. Scollon, Kennon M. Sheldon, Hong Zhang, Rebecca J. Schlegel","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2028670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2028670","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A widespread lay theory in the United States suggests that the best way to make decisions is to follow who you “really are”, referred to as the “true-self-as-guide” (TSAG) lay theory of decision making. In this paper, we explore whether people from four less-WEIRD (i.e., Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) countries also explicitly endorse the TSAG lay theory, whether individual differences in horizontal/vertical individualist/collectivist mindsets correlate with TSAG endorsement, and whether TSAG endorsement predicts wellbeing. Participants were recruited from US, China, India, Singapore, and South Korea (total N=654). Results revealed TSAG lay theories was high across all countries, that horizontal mindsets were more relevant to TSAG endorsement than individualism/collectivism, and that TSAG endorsement predicted well-being in a non US-context.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43392863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2030400
V. Talwar, Melisa Castellanos, S. Bosacki
ABSTRACT The current study examined the longitudinal association of social cognition (Theory of Mind, empathy) and self-affect (self-conscious emotions) with 99 adolescents’ positive and negative dimensions of self-compassion over two years (T1: 10.75 years, T2: 12.08 years). For the total sample, analysis showed no relations among variables, but separate gender analysis revealed differences in correlational patterns. For boys only, self-coldness negatively predicted affective Theory of Mind or the ability to recognize emotions in others. For girls only, affective Theory of Mind predicted an increase in blaming others for transgressions. Higher levels of the ability to recognize emotions in others failed to foster self-kindness and compassion. Decoding others’ emotions may protect adolescent girls from self-judgement, and boys from self-coldness.
{"title":"Self-compassion, social cognition, and self-affect in adolescence: A longitudinal study","authors":"V. Talwar, Melisa Castellanos, S. Bosacki","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2030400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2030400","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study examined the longitudinal association of social cognition (Theory of Mind, empathy) and self-affect (self-conscious emotions) with 99 adolescents’ positive and negative dimensions of self-compassion over two years (T1: 10.75 years, T2: 12.08 years). For the total sample, analysis showed no relations among variables, but separate gender analysis revealed differences in correlational patterns. For boys only, self-coldness negatively predicted affective Theory of Mind or the ability to recognize emotions in others. For girls only, affective Theory of Mind predicted an increase in blaming others for transgressions. Higher levels of the ability to recognize emotions in others failed to foster self-kindness and compassion. Decoding others’ emotions may protect adolescent girls from self-judgement, and boys from self-coldness.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44715057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-22DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2033309
Gulnaz Kiper, M. Atari, Veronica X. Yan, D. Oyserman
ABSTRACT We used IBM theory and the COVID-19 pandemic to test the prediction that how people respond to all-encompassing life difficulties requiring novel difficult tasks/goals is a function of what they infer about their identities from these experiences of difficulty (N = 698 U.S. adults, three datasets). People were more likely to see silver linings if they experienced difficulties with a task/goal as implying its importance and life difficulties as opportunities for self-improvement. People who endorsed difficulty-as-importance were more likely to mask, distance, and wash hands in part because they saw silver linings for themselves in the pandemic; for difficulty-as-improvement, silver linings fully mediated these effects. People apply their difficulty-as-importance and difficulty-as-improvement mindsets to cope with novel life difficulties.
{"title":"The upside: How people make sense of difficulty matters during a crisis","authors":"Gulnaz Kiper, M. Atari, Veronica X. Yan, D. Oyserman","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2033309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2033309","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We used IBM theory and the COVID-19 pandemic to test the prediction that how people respond to all-encompassing life difficulties requiring novel difficult tasks/goals is a function of what they infer about their identities from these experiences of difficulty (N = 698 U.S. adults, three datasets). People were more likely to see silver linings if they experienced difficulties with a task/goal as implying its importance and life difficulties as opportunities for self-improvement. People who endorsed difficulty-as-importance were more likely to mask, distance, and wash hands in part because they saw silver linings for themselves in the pandemic; for difficulty-as-improvement, silver linings fully mediated these effects. People apply their difficulty-as-importance and difficulty-as-improvement mindsets to cope with novel life difficulties.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46819006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2029553
Abby S. Boytos, Kristi A. Costabile, Tessa R. Logan
ABSTRACT The current investigation examined how experiencing a shared reality during the social reconstruction of the past might relate to communicators’ perceived authenticity and self-esteem. In two experiments, participants were randomly assigned to describe an autobiographical memory to an audience who had either a positive or negative attitude toward the memory topic. Participants then reported perceptions of shared reality, authenticity, and self-esteem. Across both experiments, experiencing a shared reality with an audience who held a positive attitude was associated with greater self-perceived authenticity and self-esteem, whereas experiencing a shared reality with an audience who held a negative attitude was associated with lower ratings of authenticity and lower self-esteem. The effect of shared reality on self-esteem was mediated by perceptions of authenticity.
{"title":"Describing autobiographical memories: Effects of shared reality and audience attitude valence on perceived authenticity and self-esteem","authors":"Abby S. Boytos, Kristi A. Costabile, Tessa R. Logan","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2029553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2029553","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current investigation examined how experiencing a shared reality during the social reconstruction of the past might relate to communicators’ perceived authenticity and self-esteem. In two experiments, participants were randomly assigned to describe an autobiographical memory to an audience who had either a positive or negative attitude toward the memory topic. Participants then reported perceptions of shared reality, authenticity, and self-esteem. Across both experiments, experiencing a shared reality with an audience who held a positive attitude was associated with greater self-perceived authenticity and self-esteem, whereas experiencing a shared reality with an audience who held a negative attitude was associated with lower ratings of authenticity and lower self-esteem. The effect of shared reality on self-esteem was mediated by perceptions of authenticity.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42656142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0001
T. Merricks
This chapter describes the overall line of argument of Self and Identity. It also introduces the two questions around which Self and Identity revolves. These are The What Question: What is it for a person at a future time to have (at that time) what matters in survival for you? And The Why Question: What way of being related to a (conscious) person at a future time explains why that person will have (at that time) what matters in survival for you? This chapter also argues that the What Question is distinct from the Why Question, and that these questions have different answers.
{"title":"Introduction","authors":"T. Merricks","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the overall line of argument of Self and Identity. It also introduces the two questions around which Self and Identity revolves. These are The What Question: What is it for a person at a future time to have (at that time) what matters in survival for you? And The Why Question: What way of being related to a (conscious) person at a future time explains why that person will have (at that time) what matters in survival for you? This chapter also argues that the What Question is distinct from the Why Question, and that these questions have different answers.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49363088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0002
T. Merricks
Consider: The What Question: What is it for a person at a future time to have (at that time) what matters in survival for you? This chapter begins by clarifying the ideas that are invoked in my answer to the What Question. Then I motivate my answer, which is: its being appropriate for you to first-personally anticipate the experiences that that person will have at that future time; and if that person will have good (or bad) experiences at that future time, its being appropriate for you to have future-directed self-interested concern with regard to those experiences. This chapter also distinguishes the What Question from other questions with which it might be conflated.
{"title":"What Matters in Survival","authors":"T. Merricks","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Consider: The What Question: What is it for a person at a future time to have (at that time) what matters in survival for you? This chapter begins by clarifying the ideas that are invoked in my answer to the What Question. Then I motivate my answer, which is: its being appropriate for you to first-personally anticipate the experiences that that person will have at that future time; and if that person will have good (or bad) experiences at that future time, its being appropriate for you to have future-directed self-interested concern with regard to those experiences. This chapter also distinguishes the What Question from other questions with which it might be conflated.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49448937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0004
T. Merricks
This chapter defends the claim that every good answer to the following question implies being numerically identical with: The Why Question: What way of being related to a (conscious) person at a future time explains why that person will have (at that time) what matters in survival for you? So this chapter defends the claim that personal identity is necessary for what matters in survival. This chapter also shows that Derek Parfit’s famous argument to the contrary fails. But there is no single way in which Parfit’s argument uncontroversially goes wrong. Rather, the way in which that argument fails depends on this or that controversial metaphysics of persistence. So that argument fails in one way given endurance, and it fails in a different way given (for example) stage theory. Most importantly, there is no metaphysics of persistence on which that argument succeeds.
{"title":"On the Necessity of Personal Identity","authors":"T. Merricks","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter defends the claim that every good answer to the following question implies being numerically identical with: The Why Question: What way of being related to a (conscious) person at a future time explains why that person will have (at that time) what matters in survival for you? So this chapter defends the claim that personal identity is necessary for what matters in survival. This chapter also shows that Derek Parfit’s famous argument to the contrary fails. But there is no single way in which Parfit’s argument uncontroversially goes wrong. Rather, the way in which that argument fails depends on this or that controversial metaphysics of persistence. So that argument fails in one way given endurance, and it fails in a different way given (for example) stage theory. Most importantly, there is no metaphysics of persistence on which that argument succeeds.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43561507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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