Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0005
T. Merricks
According to the Selfer view, your first-personally anticipating, or having future-directed self-interested concern with regard to, a person’s experiences at a future time is appropriate only if the way you are now is relevantly psychologically connected to the way that person will be at that time. The relevant sort of psychological connectedness is being substantively alike with regard to values, desires, and projects. So to be Selfer is to be committed to the view that a person will have, at a future time, what matters in survival for you only if that person will have, at that time, (enough of) your current values, desires, and projects. This chapter opposes the Selfer view.
{"title":"The Same Self","authors":"T. Merricks","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Selfer view, your first-personally anticipating, or having future-directed self-interested concern with regard to, a person’s experiences at a future time is appropriate only if the way you are now is relevantly psychologically connected to the way that person will be at that time. The relevant sort of psychological connectedness is being substantively alike with regard to values, desires, and projects. So to be Selfer is to be committed to the view that a person will have, at a future time, what matters in survival for you only if that person will have, at that time, (enough of) your current values, desires, and projects. This chapter opposes the Selfer view.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41314123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0006
T. Merricks
Consider: The Why Question: What way of being related to a (conscious) person at a future time explains why that person will have (at that time) what matters in survival for you? Some have answered the Why Question in terms of narrative. Narrative-based answers to the Why Question can be in terms of psychological connectedness, or in terms of psychological continuity (which is a chain of overlapping instances of psychological connectedness). Chapter 6 considers an answer in terms of narrative-based psychological continuity. But this chapter focuses on an answer in terms of narrative-based psychological connectedness. In particular, this chapter focuses on—and raises objections to—an answer in terms of being alike with regard to ‘self-narrative’. As we shall see, this chapter thereby continues the discussion of the Selfer view that began in Chapter 4.
{"title":"The Same Self-Narrative","authors":"T. Merricks","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843432.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Consider: The Why Question: What way of being related to a (conscious) person at a future time explains why that person will have (at that time) what matters in survival for you? Some have answered the Why Question in terms of narrative. Narrative-based answers to the Why Question can be in terms of psychological connectedness, or in terms of psychological continuity (which is a chain of overlapping instances of psychological connectedness). Chapter 6 considers an answer in terms of narrative-based psychological continuity. But this chapter focuses on an answer in terms of narrative-based psychological connectedness. In particular, this chapter focuses on—and raises objections to—an answer in terms of being alike with regard to ‘self-narrative’. As we shall see, this chapter thereby continues the discussion of the Selfer view that began in Chapter 4.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45580014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.2013309
M. Berzonsky, D. R. Papini
ABSTRACT The developmental interplay among cognitive dispositions (need for cognition and faith in intuition), identity processing styles (informational, normative, and diffuse-avoidant), and identity commitments was examined. Participants (N = 269 university students) completed measures of the study variables twice separated by a three-month interval. A rational cognitive disposition at T1 predicted increases in informational style scores and decreases in normative style scores at T2. The informational style also predicted increases in rational reasoning scores over time. High informational and normative scores at T1 predicted increases in identity commitment. Commitment scores at T1 predicted decreased diffuse-avoidant scores at T2. Implications of the findings for the role cognitive processes and identity styles play in identity formation are considered.
{"title":"Cross-lagged associations between cognitive dispositions, identity processing styles, and identity commitments","authors":"M. Berzonsky, D. R. Papini","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2021.2013309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2021.2013309","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The developmental interplay among cognitive dispositions (need for cognition and faith in intuition), identity processing styles (informational, normative, and diffuse-avoidant), and identity commitments was examined. Participants (N = 269 university students) completed measures of the study variables twice separated by a three-month interval. A rational cognitive disposition at T1 predicted increases in informational style scores and decreases in normative style scores at T2. The informational style also predicted increases in rational reasoning scores over time. High informational and normative scores at T1 predicted increases in identity commitment. Commitment scores at T1 predicted decreased diffuse-avoidant scores at T2. Implications of the findings for the role cognitive processes and identity styles play in identity formation are considered.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"21 1","pages":"963 - 979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45467311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.2015429
Alice B. Huang, H. Berenbaum, G. McKee
ABSTRACT Studies have found that self-security, defined as the acceptance of one’s own weaknesses, is associated with many important outcomes. The present research examined the link between self-insecurity (the rejection of one’s own weaknesses) and unpleasant repetitive thinking, a transdiagnostic process that appears to be a major risk factor for internalizing psychopathology. In Study 1, we examined the link at two levels: between-individuals (N = 158 undergraduates) and within-individuals (using daily diary methods). At both levels, self-insecurity was significantly associated with repetitive thinking, even after simultaneously accounting for neuroticism/NA and self-esteem. Study 2 (N = 280 undergraduates) replicated Study 1’s findings. Additionally, Study 2 assessed repetitive thinking using reports by participants’ close others: self-insecurity was significantly associated with close-others-reported repetitive thinking.
{"title":"Between-individuals and within-individual relations between self-insecurity and unpleasant repetitive thinking","authors":"Alice B. Huang, H. Berenbaum, G. McKee","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2021.2015429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2021.2015429","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies have found that self-security, defined as the acceptance of one’s own weaknesses, is associated with many important outcomes. The present research examined the link between self-insecurity (the rejection of one’s own weaknesses) and unpleasant repetitive thinking, a transdiagnostic process that appears to be a major risk factor for internalizing psychopathology. In Study 1, we examined the link at two levels: between-individuals (N = 158 undergraduates) and within-individuals (using daily diary methods). At both levels, self-insecurity was significantly associated with repetitive thinking, even after simultaneously accounting for neuroticism/NA and self-esteem. Study 2 (N = 280 undergraduates) replicated Study 1’s findings. Additionally, Study 2 assessed repetitive thinking using reports by participants’ close others: self-insecurity was significantly associated with close-others-reported repetitive thinking.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"21 1","pages":"980 - 994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47769861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.2012511
Jia Wei Zhang, Van-Kim Bui, Andrew N Snell, Ryan T. Howell, D. Bailis
ABSTRACT Asians are not immune to racial discrimination and discrimination against Asians has heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic because they were blamed as the origin of the virus. A pre-registered 14-day diary explored if self-compassion was associated with subjective well-being and protective behaviors for Asians (U.S. & Canada) who faced COVID-19 discriminations (N = 82 & ndiaries =711). Participants reported discriminations experience for 28% (U.S.) and 25% (Canada) of their days. Daily self-compassion predicted daily subjective well-being despite COVID-19 discrimination experience. Daily self-compassion predicted increased COVID-19 protective behaviors on days Asian Americans experienced COVID-19 discrimination. Daily acceptance, but not daily reappraisal, explained the link between daily self-compassion and daily subjective well-being. These findings could not be accounted for by daily self-esteem.
{"title":"Daily self-compassion protects Asian Americans/Canadians after experiences of COVID-19 discrimination: Implications for subjective well-being and health behaviors","authors":"Jia Wei Zhang, Van-Kim Bui, Andrew N Snell, Ryan T. Howell, D. Bailis","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2021.2012511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2021.2012511","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Asians are not immune to racial discrimination and discrimination against Asians has heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic because they were blamed as the origin of the virus. A pre-registered 14-day diary explored if self-compassion was associated with subjective well-being and protective behaviors for Asians (U.S. & Canada) who faced COVID-19 discriminations (N = 82 & ndiaries =711). Participants reported discriminations experience for 28% (U.S.) and 25% (Canada) of their days. Daily self-compassion predicted daily subjective well-being despite COVID-19 discrimination experience. Daily self-compassion predicted increased COVID-19 protective behaviors on days Asian Americans experienced COVID-19 discrimination. Daily acceptance, but not daily reappraisal, explained the link between daily self-compassion and daily subjective well-being. These findings could not be accounted for by daily self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"21 1","pages":"891 - 913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41400833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.2004217
C. Manzi, Y. Koç, V. Benet‐Martínez, Eleonora Reverberi
ABSTRACT Since February 2020, the world has faced a health emergency due to the rapid spread of COVID-19. Two of the first measures adopted by most countries to ensure social distancing were the closure of schools and childcare services, and the mandate to work from home. Millions of parents, while facing the threat of the virus infection, suddenly found themselves locked down in their homes managing workload and care load in single “crowded” spaces. This study tested whether relevant identity structures and individual differences (i.e., work-parent identity integration, identification with family, and identification with work) and contextual factors (i.e., work demands, family demands, and housing conditions) predicted parents’ professional, parental, and mental health outcomes during the lockdown. Data collected in April-2020 from 432 Italian parents working from home during the strict lockdown showed that the main predictor of all outcomes is work-parent identity integration. We provide recommendations for how professionals and organizations can support parents working from home due to COVID-19 or in future lockdowns.
{"title":"Identity integration matters: The case of parents working from home during the COVID-19 health emergency","authors":"C. Manzi, Y. Koç, V. Benet‐Martínez, Eleonora Reverberi","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2021.2004217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2021.2004217","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since February 2020, the world has faced a health emergency due to the rapid spread of COVID-19. Two of the first measures adopted by most countries to ensure social distancing were the closure of schools and childcare services, and the mandate to work from home. Millions of parents, while facing the threat of the virus infection, suddenly found themselves locked down in their homes managing workload and care load in single “crowded” spaces. This study tested whether relevant identity structures and individual differences (i.e., work-parent identity integration, identification with family, and identification with work) and contextual factors (i.e., work demands, family demands, and housing conditions) predicted parents’ professional, parental, and mental health outcomes during the lockdown. Data collected in April-2020 from 432 Italian parents working from home during the strict lockdown showed that the main predictor of all outcomes is work-parent identity integration. We provide recommendations for how professionals and organizations can support parents working from home due to COVID-19 or in future lockdowns.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"21 1","pages":"914 - 938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42588392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.1990118
Amelia Goranson, Connor O’Fallon, Kurt Gray
ABSTRACT Morality is core to people’s identity. Existing moral identity scales measure good/moral vs. bad/immoral, but the Theory of Dyadic Morality highlights two-dimensions of morality: valence (good/moral vs. bad/immoral) and agency (high/agent vs. low/recipient). The Moral Identity Picture Scale (MIPS) measures this full space through 16 vivid pictures. Participants receive scores for these two dimensions and for four moral roles: hero, villain, victim, and beneficiary. Self-identified heroes are more empathic, villains more narcissist, victims more depressed. People generally see themselves as heroes, but there are group differences. For example, Duke MBA students self-identify more as villains. Data reveals that the beneficiary role is ill-defined, collapsing the two-dimensional space of moral identity into a triangle anchored by hero, villain, and victim..
{"title":"The moral identity picture scale (MIPS): Measuring the full scope of moral identity","authors":"Amelia Goranson, Connor O’Fallon, Kurt Gray","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2021.1990118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2021.1990118","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Morality is core to people’s identity. Existing moral identity scales measure good/moral vs. bad/immoral, but the Theory of Dyadic Morality highlights two-dimensions of morality: valence (good/moral vs. bad/immoral) and agency (high/agent vs. low/recipient). The Moral Identity Picture Scale (MIPS) measures this full space through 16 vivid pictures. Participants receive scores for these two dimensions and for four moral roles: hero, villain, victim, and beneficiary. Self-identified heroes are more empathic, villains more narcissist, victims more depressed. People generally see themselves as heroes, but there are group differences. For example, Duke MBA students self-identify more as villains. Data reveals that the beneficiary role is ill-defined, collapsing the two-dimensional space of moral identity into a triangle anchored by hero, villain, and victim..","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"21 1","pages":"609 - 643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41782040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-28DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.2010796
William D. Ellison, Juyoung Yun, Margaret I. Lupo, Autumn K. Lucas-Marinelli, Victoria B. Marshall, Arielle Faith R. Matic, Alec C. Trahan
ABSTRACT Several studies have suggested that momentary self-concept clarity (SCC) levels are important for emotion regulation and self-control processes, but these studies have used unvalidated measures of momentary SCC. Here, we report on the development and preliminary validation of a brief self-report scale, the Momentary Self-Concept Clarity Scale (M-SCCS). One hundred and twenty-two adults completed momentary SCC items 6-7 times per day for two weeks. Multilevel factor analyses suggested the M-SCCS has good factorial validity. The scale also showed excellent between-person reliability, fair within-person reliability, and patterns of criterion relations that resemble other self-report measures of SCC. There was little measurement reactivity over time. The M-SCCS may be useful for future experience-sampling studies aimed at uncovering short-term self-regulatory processes involving SCC.
{"title":"Development and initial validation of a scale to measure momentary self-concept clarity","authors":"William D. Ellison, Juyoung Yun, Margaret I. Lupo, Autumn K. Lucas-Marinelli, Victoria B. Marshall, Arielle Faith R. Matic, Alec C. Trahan","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2021.2010796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2021.2010796","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Several studies have suggested that momentary self-concept clarity (SCC) levels are important for emotion regulation and self-control processes, but these studies have used unvalidated measures of momentary SCC. Here, we report on the development and preliminary validation of a brief self-report scale, the Momentary Self-Concept Clarity Scale (M-SCCS). One hundred and twenty-two adults completed momentary SCC items 6-7 times per day for two weeks. Multilevel factor analyses suggested the M-SCCS has good factorial validity. The scale also showed excellent between-person reliability, fair within-person reliability, and patterns of criterion relations that resemble other self-report measures of SCC. There was little measurement reactivity over time. The M-SCCS may be useful for future experience-sampling studies aimed at uncovering short-term self-regulatory processes involving SCC.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"21 1","pages":"995 - 1014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46842809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.1997796
T. Jankowski, Waclaw Bak, Łukasz Miciuk
ABSTRACT We present three studies aimed to identify the adaptive properties of self-concept and to develop a brief questionnaire to measure them. In the first study, we identified five basic facets of adaptive self-concept (ASC): clarity, non-ruminative self-awareness, self-distance, openness to self-relevant information, and modifiability of the self-concept. The second study confirmed the five-factor structure of the ASC. In the third study, we tested relationships between ASC’s facets and hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well-being, self-regulation and emotional regulation. We also tested the dependence of the ASC on personality traits. The results showed that ASC features are strongly related to optimal functioning in its various manifestations. ASC’s facets are also moderately dependent on personality traits.
{"title":"Adaptive self-concept: Identifying the basic dimensions of self-beliefs","authors":"T. Jankowski, Waclaw Bak, Łukasz Miciuk","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2021.1997796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2021.1997796","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present three studies aimed to identify the adaptive properties of self-concept and to develop a brief questionnaire to measure them. In the first study, we identified five basic facets of adaptive self-concept (ASC): clarity, non-ruminative self-awareness, self-distance, openness to self-relevant information, and modifiability of the self-concept. The second study confirmed the five-factor structure of the ASC. In the third study, we tested relationships between ASC’s facets and hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well-being, self-regulation and emotional regulation. We also tested the dependence of the ASC on personality traits. The results showed that ASC features are strongly related to optimal functioning in its various manifestations. ASC’s facets are also moderately dependent on personality traits.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"21 1","pages":"739 - 774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42785901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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