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Yongqian Dynasty "the internal affairs Office of the Office of the archives" artisan reward and punishment system literature review 雍乾朝 "内务府造办处档案 "工匠奖惩制度文献综述
Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.62051/x4v2hs15
Ruoqi Jia, Jiyang Gao
In the Archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the reward and punishment system for artisans was summarized and a relatively complete basis and measure of the reward and punishment system was extracted. In the management system of the royal family, the reward and punishment system of artisans is discussed with artisans as the research object. The treatment is determined by the quality of the skill and the amount of experience, and the reward and punishment are determined by the quality of the work and whether it is overdue. These are not only in line with the personnel management system, but also to ensure that the artisans can get reasonable remuneration for their imperial craftsmanship. Through sorting out and analyzing the records of the organization and management of artisans in Yongzheng and Qianlong years, this paper sorts out the basis of various systems and rewards and punishments in order to reveal the relationship between the organization and artisan service.
在《内务府档案》中,对工匠的奖惩制度进行了总结,提炼出了比较完整的奖惩制度依据和措施。在《王室管理制度》中,以工匠为研究对象,论述了工匠的奖惩制度。以技艺的优劣、经验的多少来决定待遇,以工作的好坏、是否逾期来决定奖惩。这些既符合人事管理制度,又保证了工匠们的御用手艺能够得到合理的报酬。本文通过梳理和分析雍正、乾隆年间工匠组织管理的记录,梳理出各种制度和奖惩的依据,以揭示组织与工匠服务之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Professor Wu Kun's Philosophy of Information 吴坤教授的信息哲学分析
Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.62051/jsk5x680
Yong Duan
Professor Wu Kun established a profound Information Philosophy system in 2004, this is a great theoretical exploration, which has profound theoretical value. But I have a great difference with Professor Wu. Professor Wu distinguished three essences of the concept of information: signal, source and consciousness. Professor Wu's mistake is to confuse associations with signals, and he thought that signals themselves are not real. The reason why the "catching moon in the water" is absurd is not because the moon in the water is unreal, but because the association that people have after seeing the moon in the water is unreal. I believe that calling three fundamentally different things information is unscientific and leads to misunderstanding, which can cause serious problems. According to Professor Wu, the existence of the world is composed of matter and information, rather than matter and consciousness as the traditional world picture. Professor Wu is wrong with his description of the concept of real, and then he used this wrong understanding and unscientific concept of information to reclassify existence, which leads to his wrong direction in the study of ontology.
吴坤教授在2004年建立了博大精深的信息哲学体系,这是一次伟大的理论探索,具有深远的理论价值。但我与吴教授有很大的不同。吴教授区分了信息概念的三个本质:信号、来源和意识。吴教授的错误在于把联想与信号混为一谈,他认为信号本身是不真实的。"水中捞月 "之所以荒诞,不是因为水中的月亮不真实,而是因为人们看到水中的月亮后产生的联想不真实。我认为,把三种根本不同的事物称为信息是不科学的,会导致误解,造成严重的问题。吴教授认为,世界的存在是由物质和信息构成的,而不是传统世界图景中的物质和意识。吴教授对实在概念的描述是错误的,然后他又用这种错误的理解和不科学的信息概念对存在进行了重新分类,从而导致了他在本体论研究中的错误方向。
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引用次数: 0
Exploration of Investment Risk Causes and Prevention Measures in Real Estate Enterprises 房地产企业投资风险成因及防范措施探讨
Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.62051/jxn97434
Zhen Fang
In China's national economic system, the real estate industry is a pillar industry that not only directly relates to the growth of the national economy but also profoundly affects the quality of life of the general populace and the stable development of society. In recent years, with the increasingly complex global economic environment, frequent adjustments in national macro policies, and intensified market competition, real estate enterprises face new challenges. Investment, as the core driving force for profit growth and sustainable development of real estate enterprises, is undeniably important. However, investment itself is a high-risk activity, especially in the real estate industry, where various risk factors such as market fluctuations, policy changes, financial pressures, and management mistakes can pose significant challenges and even lead to investment failures. Therefore, it is crucial to deeply analyze and study the types and causes of investment risks in real estate enterprises, and to formulate and implement targeted and effective risk prevention measures to ensure the health and stability of the entire real estate industry, as well as the continuous growth of the national economy and the improvement of people's livelihoods.
在我国国民经济体系中,房地产业是支柱产业,不仅直接关系到国民经济的增长,而且深刻影响着广大人民群众的生活质量和社会的稳定发展。近年来,全球经济环境日趋复杂,国家宏观政策调整频繁,市场竞争加剧,房地产企业面临着新的挑战。投资作为房地产企业利润增长和可持续发展的核心动力,其重要性毋庸置疑。然而,投资本身是一项高风险的活动,尤其是在房地产行业,市场波动、政策变化、资金压力、管理失误等各种风险因素都会给投资带来巨大挑战,甚至导致投资失败。因此,深入分析和研究房地产企业投资风险的类型和成因,制定和实施有针对性的、行之有效的风险防范措施,对于确保整个房地产业的健康稳定、国民经济的持续增长和民生的改善至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Research on The Construction of Community Workers Team in The New Era 新时代社区工作者队伍建设研究
Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.62051/yd5qgj42
Hao Yang
At present, with the continuous advancement and development of smart cities, driven by the reform of network information technology and the rapid development of intelligent devices, community construction in the new era has become an indispensable part of urban construction, and community governance and services are playing an increasingly important role. The community is the smallest cell of the city. Improving community services is of great significance to grassroots governance. If there are problems with the community team itself, good social governance cannot be carried out. The current imbalance in the structure of the community worker team cannot meet the needs of residents, resulting in difficulties for community workers in carrying out certain specific work. This article analyzes the causes of the problem from three aspects: the structure, management, and work of the new era community team. By drawing on the advanced experience of community work construction at home and abroad, it puts forward suggestions from the aspects of enhancing the enthusiasm of community members, improving the conditions of the community team, and innovating the system and mechanism of the community team.
当前,随着智慧城市的不断推进和发展,在网络信息技术变革和智能设备快速发展的推动下,新时代的社区建设已成为城市建设不可或缺的一部分,社区治理和服务正发挥着越来越重要的作用。社区是城市最小的细胞。完善社区服务对基层治理意义重大。如果社区队伍自身存在问题,良好的社会治理就无从谈起。当前社区工作者队伍结构失衡,无法满足居民需求,导致社区工作者在开展某些具体工作时困难重重。本文从新时期社区队伍的结构、管理、工作三个方面分析了问题产生的原因。借鉴国内外社区工作建设的先进经验,从提高社区成员积极性、改善社区队伍条件、创新社区队伍体制机制等方面提出建议。
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引用次数: 0
Differentiation of Strategies Reflected by The Political Metaphor Use in Global Climate Negotiation: Comparison Between European Union and China 全球气候谈判中政治隐喻使用所反映的策略差异:欧盟与中国的比较
Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.62051/7rprmn69
Zihuan Qu
The positive attitude for global governance will be required in order to successfully address global climate change. Currently there are several examples in global climate negotiation, especially in COP 26, reflected the discordance among strategies of different international entities. In international negotiation, the specific political words that delegates used is efficient for clarifying the strategies, which are called political metaphors. In this study we are looking for metaphors by analyzing the documents from EU and China in UNFCCC. This study explored the domestic and international strategies of China and EU in international climate negotiation, which reflected by the political metaphor. The researcher first collect the documents of EU and China in website of UNFCCC. Meanwhile, we use the corpus tool, Wmatrix, which created by Lancaster University. The tendency of strategy is evaluated by the data we collected and the analysis about the metaphors. Our result show that although EU and China are both in positive attitude about dealing with climate change, they have difference in details. EU tends to formulate the rigid structure under the Paris Agreement. They concentrate on the immediate and most effective measures. By the contrast, China focuses on long-term action by using relevant metaphors. They are trying to establish the new and more sustainable structure, which will be more friendly with countries have high emission and high development requirement at the same time
要成功应对全球气候变化,就必须对全球治理持积极态度。目前,在全球气候谈判中,尤其是在第 26 届缔约方会议上,有几个例子反映了不同国际实体之间战略的不一致。在国际谈判中,代表们所使用的特定政治词汇可以有效地阐明战略,这些词汇被称为政治隐喻。在本研究中,我们通过分析欧盟和中国在《联合国气候变化框架公约》中的文件来寻找隐喻。本研究探讨了政治隐喻所反映的中国和欧盟在国际气候谈判中的国内和国际策略。研究人员首先在联合国气候变化框架公约网站上收集了欧盟和中国的文件。同时,我们使用了兰卡斯特大学开发的语料库工具 Wmatrix。我们通过收集的数据和隐喻分析评估了策略的倾向性。结果表明,虽然欧盟和中国在应对气候变化方面都持积极态度,但在细节上存在差异。欧盟倾向于根据《巴黎协定》制定严格的结构。他们专注于最直接、最有效的措施。相比之下,中国则通过使用相关的比喻来关注长期行动。他们正试图建立新的、更可持续的结构,这将对高排放和高发展要求的国家更加友好。
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引用次数: 0
Study on livelihood sustainability and rural revitalisation policy effects of poverty-eradicating households based on DID model analysis 基于 DID 模型分析的脱贫户生计可持续性和乡村振兴政策效应研究
Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.62051/m0h0rq24
Jiamei Zhang, Weijie Lei, Jia Yu, Le Li
China has achieved a comprehensive victory in the battle against poverty. At present, China is accelerating the effective connection between consolidating the results of poverty eradication and rural revitalisation. Based on the SLA framework, this paper constructs a livelihood sustainability indicator system and evaluates it through the entropy weight method, takes Gannan Soviet District as the study area, and based on the two-period DID model, empirically examines the impact of the policy of consolidating and expanding the results of poverty alleviation and rural revitalisation on the sustainability of the livelihoods of the households that have been lifted out of poverty, using the two-period panel data in 2020 and 2022 of the 243 farming households. The findings show that the policy of consolidating and expanding the effective linkage between poverty eradication and rural revitalisation has a significant driving effect on the livelihood sustainability of farm households, increasing the level of livelihood sustainability of farm households by 11.3%, and the conclusion remains reliable after the robustness test. Heterogeneity analyses found that the policy contributed more to the livelihood sustainability level of poverty-eradicating households whose head had a high level of education. The policy has a more significant positive effect on the livelihood sustainability of labour-led and agriculture-led households out of poverty than part-time employment
中国已取得脱贫攻坚战的全面胜利。当前,中国正在加快推进巩固脱贫成果与乡村振兴的有效衔接。本文基于SLA框架,构建生计可持续性指标体系并通过熵权法进行评价,以赣南苏区为研究区域,基于两期DID模型,利用2020年和2022年243户农户的两期面板数据,实证检验了巩固扩大脱贫攻坚成果和乡村振兴政策对脱贫户生计可持续性的影响。研究结果表明,巩固扩大脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接政策对农户生计可持续性具有显著的推动作用,使农户生计可持续性水平提高了11.3%,经过稳健性检验,结论仍然可靠。异质性分析发现,该政策对户主受教育程度较高的脱贫户的生计可持续性水平贡献更大。与兼职就业相比,该政策对劳动力主导型和农业主导型脱贫家庭的生计可持续性具有更显著的积极影响
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Inter-ethnic Friendship on the Social Capital of Chinese Adolescents 跨民族友谊对中国青少年社会资本的影响
Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.62051/5xknk353
Jing Qu, Jingyu Liu
Inter-ethnic friendship plays a crucial role in inter-ethnic contact and serves as a significant aspect of informal interaction diversity within the realm of educational ethnic diversity. Utilizing the theoretical framework of social capital, the Poisson fixed-effect model has confirmed the beneficial impact of inter-ethnic friendships on individuals' social capital. The research revealed a significant disparity in social capital stock between students who cultivate inter-ethnic friendships and those who maintain friendships within their own ethnic group, with the former group exhibiting a 30.5% higher level of social capital. Additionally, the study identified ethnic variations in the social capital returns of inter-ethnic friendships, with minority students experiencing notably higher returns compared to Han students.
种族间友谊在种族间接触中起着至关重要的作用,是教育种族多样性领域中非正式互动多样性的一个重要方面。利用社会资本的理论框架,泊松固定效应模型证实了族际友谊对个人社会资本的有利影响。研究发现,培养跨种族友谊的学生与保持本种族友谊的学生之间的社会资本存量存在显著差异,前者的社会资本水平高出后者 30.5%。此外,研究还发现了跨民族友谊在社会资本回报方面的民族差异,少数民族学生的回报明显高于汉族学生。
{"title":"The Impact of Inter-ethnic Friendship on the Social Capital of Chinese Adolescents","authors":"Jing Qu, Jingyu Liu","doi":"10.62051/5xknk353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62051/5xknk353","url":null,"abstract":"Inter-ethnic friendship plays a crucial role in inter-ethnic contact and serves as a significant aspect of informal interaction diversity within the realm of educational ethnic diversity. Utilizing the theoretical framework of social capital, the Poisson fixed-effect model has confirmed the beneficial impact of inter-ethnic friendships on individuals' social capital. The research revealed a significant disparity in social capital stock between students who cultivate inter-ethnic friendships and those who maintain friendships within their own ethnic group, with the former group exhibiting a 30.5% higher level of social capital. Additionally, the study identified ethnic variations in the social capital returns of inter-ethnic friendships, with minority students experiencing notably higher returns compared to Han students.","PeriodicalId":515906,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Economics, Business and Management Research","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Economic Impact of Special Economic Zones on GDP per Capita in China: A Difference-in-Differences Approach 评估经济特区对中国人均 GDP 的经济影响:差分法
Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.62051/1yp6kr18
Yonghe Sheng, Yue Yu
This study investigates the economic impact of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) on GDP per capita (GDPc) in China using a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach. By comparing cities designated as SEZs with those that were not, the analysis assesses the effect of SEZ policies implemented at different times. The results indicate that SEZs have a robust, positive, and significant impact on GDPc, with earlier treated cities experiencing a higher positive effect than later treated ones. This underscores the importance of timely policy implementation in maximizing economic benefits. Robustness checks, including two-way fixed effects and state-specific linear time trends, reinforce the reliability of the findings. However, the study acknowledges several limitations, such as the potential weakening of the parallel trends assumption over time, the use of a binary treatment variable, and the specific context of China's SEZ policy which may limit generalizability. Future research should address these limitations by exploring continuous treatment variables, incorporating additional control variables, and conducting comparative studies in different contexts. Despite these limitations, the findings provide valuable insights into the economic effects of SEZs and contribute to the broader understanding of regional economic development policies.
本研究采用差分法(DiD)研究了经济特区对中国人均国内生产总值(GDPc)的经济影响。通过比较被指定为经济特区的城市和未被指定为经济特区的城市,分析评估了在不同时期实施的经济特区政策的效果。结果表明,经济特区对 GDPc 具有稳健、积极和显著的影响,早期实施经济特区政策的城市比后期实施经济特区政策的城市具有更高的积极影响。这凸显了及时实施政策对实现经济效益最大化的重要性。包括双向固定效应和州特定线性时间趋势在内的稳健性检验加强了研究结果的可靠性。不过,本研究也承认存在一些局限性,如平行趋势假设可能会随着时间的推移而减弱,使用了二元处理变量,以及中国经济特区政策的特定背景可能会限制其普遍性。未来的研究应通过探索连续的处理变量、纳入额外的控制变量以及在不同背景下开展比较研究来解决这些局限性。尽管存在这些局限性,研究结果还是为经济特区的经济效应提供了有价值的见解,有助于加深对区域经济发展政策的理解。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact and Reflection of Vulgar and Ugly Acts in Live Streaming 直播中低俗和丑陋行为的影响与反思
Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.62051/3sv04s83
Mufan Song
This paper examines the proliferation of vulgar live streaming content on platforms like Douyin and TikTok, focusing on its impacts on individual viewers and societal values. Through case studies of two female anchors, it explores the motivations behind creating such content, audience characteristics, and the resulting consequences. The study recommends enhancing content regulations, fostering viewer discernment, and implementing policies to curb the spread of vulgar content, thereby promoting a healthier online environment.
本文探讨了斗鱼和嘀嗒等平台上低俗直播内容的泛滥,重点关注其对个人观众和社会价值观的影响。通过对两位女主播的案例研究,探讨了创作此类内容的动机、受众特点以及由此产生的后果。研究建议加强内容监管,提高观众鉴别能力,并实施相关政策遏制低俗内容的传播,从而促进网络环境的健康发展。
{"title":"The Impact and Reflection of Vulgar and Ugly Acts in Live Streaming","authors":"Mufan Song","doi":"10.62051/3sv04s83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62051/3sv04s83","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the proliferation of vulgar live streaming content on platforms like Douyin and TikTok, focusing on its impacts on individual viewers and societal values. Through case studies of two female anchors, it explores the motivations behind creating such content, audience characteristics, and the resulting consequences. The study recommends enhancing content regulations, fostering viewer discernment, and implementing policies to curb the spread of vulgar content, thereby promoting a healthier online environment.","PeriodicalId":515906,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Economics, Business and Management Research","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CAR BOOT SALES RESEARCH— A CASE STUDY IN SHENZHEN CHINA 汽车后备箱销售研究--中国深圳案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.62051/7hfb9a05
Yifei Lai, Qirui Zeng, Dairui Lyu
Under the influence of the epidemic and based on multiple considerations, many cities in China have lifted their previous controls on street stalls and begun to encourage the development of the street stall economy. Car boot sales, as a new type of business in the stall economy, has started to become increasingly popular among young people and has been attracting more and more citizens. However, limited by factors such as development time and regulation, car boot sales still have a few significant problems. Based on the background of the post epidemic era, this paper has conducted an extensive search and organization of related cases. A comprehensive and multi-faceted study is conducted by analyzing the case of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone's car boot sale in conjunction with other urban policies that actively encourage the street stall economy. Through the analysis of policies and data shown by the Bureau of Statistics, the development plan of car boot sales is studied and analyzed with the intention of achieving the purpose of the study, which is to enable car boot sales to continue to develop and progress. With the analysis of this paper, the recommendations for policies related to the street stall economy and the establishment of regulatory mechanisms are obtained. This paper provides value in further developing car boot sales.
在疫情的影响下,基于多方面的考虑,我国许多城市取消了以往对地摊的管制,开始鼓励地摊经济的发展。汽车后备箱销售作为地摊经济中的一种新型业态,开始受到越来越多年轻人的青睐,吸引了越来越多的市民。然而,受限于发展时间和监管等因素,汽车后备箱销售仍存在一些明显问题。基于后疫情时代背景,本文对相关案例进行了广泛的搜索和整理。通过对深圳经济特区汽车后备箱销售案例的分析,结合其他积极鼓励地摊经济的城市政策,进行了全方位、多角度的研究。通过对政策和统计局数据的分析,研究分析汽车后备箱销售的发展规划,以期达到研究的目的,使汽车后备箱销售不断发展进步。通过本文的分析,得出了对路边摊经济相关政策和监管机制建立的建议。本文为进一步发展汽车后备箱销售提供了参考价值。
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引用次数: 0
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Transactions on Economics, Business and Management Research
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