Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02529203.2023.2223038
Zhang Jiang
Abstract Interpretation is public in nature. It is carried out in public space, and involves mutual understanding and communication in public space rather than individual understanding and self-expression in private space. The interpretative space is characterized by freedom, equality, tolerance, public restraint and the pursuit of consensus. The generation of interpretation is guided by contemporary public reason premised on universal public elements. All the premises of interpretation derive from and are based on their public nature. Common feelings and collective images are the universal possessions of mankind, and language, logic and knowledge are all the accumulation of public spirit. Public reason is the foundation of the public nature of interpretation. It is a positive force that stimulates and promotes interpretation; a framework that constrains and regulates interpretation; and a yardstick to measure the effectiveness of interpretation. Public reason functions in public interpretation, and the latter unfolds under the guidance and restraint of the former. The consciousness of interpretation is an essential requirement of the public nature of interpretation. Interpretative agents adhere to their independent identity with clear rational self-knowledge, have an in-depth grasp of the public laws governing interpretation, meet and exceed public expectations, and take truthful interpretation as their goal for realizing the practical value of interpretation.
{"title":"Theory of Public Interpretation","authors":"Zhang Jiang","doi":"10.1080/02529203.2023.2223038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2023.2223038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Interpretation is public in nature. It is carried out in public space, and involves mutual understanding and communication in public space rather than individual understanding and self-expression in private space. The interpretative space is characterized by freedom, equality, tolerance, public restraint and the pursuit of consensus. The generation of interpretation is guided by contemporary public reason premised on universal public elements. All the premises of interpretation derive from and are based on their public nature. Common feelings and collective images are the universal possessions of mankind, and language, logic and knowledge are all the accumulation of public spirit. Public reason is the foundation of the public nature of interpretation. It is a positive force that stimulates and promotes interpretation; a framework that constrains and regulates interpretation; and a yardstick to measure the effectiveness of interpretation. Public reason functions in public interpretation, and the latter unfolds under the guidance and restraint of the former. The consciousness of interpretation is an essential requirement of the public nature of interpretation. Interpretative agents adhere to their independent identity with clear rational self-knowledge, have an in-depth grasp of the public laws governing interpretation, meet and exceed public expectations, and take truthful interpretation as their goal for realizing the practical value of interpretation.","PeriodicalId":51743,"journal":{"name":"中国社会科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42272394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02529203.2023.2223042
Meng Guanglin
Abstract In interpreting the feudal contract between kings and nobles in medieval Western Europe, Western historians have tended to elaborate on its interaction, equivalence, and even equality, with an emphasis on the resulting restrictions on the king’s authority. However, this was not the case in England during this period. After the Norman Conquest, “imported feudalism” became a strong support for the English monarchy. On this basis, the feudal contract between kings and nobles evolved from an oral to a textual contract and from “personal commitment” to “collective negotiation,” in a process strongly marked by the coercion and inequality bestowed on such contracts by hierarchical feudal roles. In the course of this process, the English kings ceaselessly consolidated their power by breaking down the feudal customs reflected in agreements between the two sides. Although the Magna Carta, as a text-based feudal contract, made explicit provision for feudal customs, it failed to effectively constrain royal power. History shows that if we seek to elaborate on the reciprocity and even equality of the feudal contract from the perspective of modern social contract theory and thus exaggerate the nobles’ right to resist the king, we will inevitably construct a mythical “feudal contract determinism.”
{"title":"The Feudal Contract and the Monarchy in Medieval England","authors":"Meng Guanglin","doi":"10.1080/02529203.2023.2223042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2023.2223042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In interpreting the feudal contract between kings and nobles in medieval Western Europe, Western historians have tended to elaborate on its interaction, equivalence, and even equality, with an emphasis on the resulting restrictions on the king’s authority. However, this was not the case in England during this period. After the Norman Conquest, “imported feudalism” became a strong support for the English monarchy. On this basis, the feudal contract between kings and nobles evolved from an oral to a textual contract and from “personal commitment” to “collective negotiation,” in a process strongly marked by the coercion and inequality bestowed on such contracts by hierarchical feudal roles. In the course of this process, the English kings ceaselessly consolidated their power by breaking down the feudal customs reflected in agreements between the two sides. Although the Magna Carta, as a text-based feudal contract, made explicit provision for feudal customs, it failed to effectively constrain royal power. History shows that if we seek to elaborate on the reciprocity and even equality of the feudal contract from the perspective of modern social contract theory and thus exaggerate the nobles’ right to resist the king, we will inevitably construct a mythical “feudal contract determinism.”","PeriodicalId":51743,"journal":{"name":"中国社会科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47405703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02529203.2023.2192084
Jia Xidong
Abstract Any investigation of society’s historical development should begin with the fundamental issue of productivity level. The Song witnessed at least 45 new advances in production technologies, items and tools, of which at least 15 took place in agriculture and 30 in handicraft. Although the Song surpassed previous dynasties in overall productivity, it was also affected by a number of limitations, seven of which were particularly relevant to productivity level. With the exception of agricultural technology and firearms, the Ming and Qing failed to make major breakthroughs in the remaining five fields. Although these dynasties outperformed the Song in terms of total productivity and technology, particularly in the introduction of crops, they fell behind in productivity per capita and quality of growth, due to the population boom and the stagnation and even regression of farm technologies. Whether compared with previous dynasties or with the Ming and Qing, the Song dynasty saw the zenith of productivity development in ancient China. The level of productivity underlies Song progress and Ming and Qing stagnation, as well as the rise of Europe.
{"title":"The Productivity Level of the Song Dynasty","authors":"Jia Xidong","doi":"10.1080/02529203.2023.2192084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2023.2192084","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Any investigation of society’s historical development should begin with the fundamental issue of productivity level. The Song witnessed at least 45 new advances in production technologies, items and tools, of which at least 15 took place in agriculture and 30 in handicraft. Although the Song surpassed previous dynasties in overall productivity, it was also affected by a number of limitations, seven of which were particularly relevant to productivity level. With the exception of agricultural technology and firearms, the Ming and Qing failed to make major breakthroughs in the remaining five fields. Although these dynasties outperformed the Song in terms of total productivity and technology, particularly in the introduction of crops, they fell behind in productivity per capita and quality of growth, due to the population boom and the stagnation and even regression of farm technologies. Whether compared with previous dynasties or with the Ming and Qing, the Song dynasty saw the zenith of productivity development in ancient China. The level of productivity underlies Song progress and Ming and Qing stagnation, as well as the rise of Europe.","PeriodicalId":51743,"journal":{"name":"中国社会科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46027276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02529203.2023.2223045
Shuo-Cheng Jian, Zhao Xiaolei
Abstract Tea has played an important role throughout the entire East Asian world. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, due to differences in the target consumers and acceptance of tea, Chinese and Japanese tea cultures began to take different paths. The close relationship between tea and Goryeo politics propelled the flourishing development of Goryeo tea culture on the Korean Peninsula. The colorful landscape of tea culture during the Yuan dynasty illustrates the transformation of traditional Chinese tea culture from the Song to the Yuan, with an upper-class break and a lower-class continuation. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, there were great changes in the order of the East Asian world, where tea was not merely a beverage but carried historical changes and served as a spiritual symbol in the East Asian cultural world, reflecting historical transformations.
{"title":"The Splendor of Verdure: Tea and the East Asian World of the Song and Yuan Dynasties","authors":"Shuo-Cheng Jian, Zhao Xiaolei","doi":"10.1080/02529203.2023.2223045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2023.2223045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tea has played an important role throughout the entire East Asian world. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, due to differences in the target consumers and acceptance of tea, Chinese and Japanese tea cultures began to take different paths. The close relationship between tea and Goryeo politics propelled the flourishing development of Goryeo tea culture on the Korean Peninsula. The colorful landscape of tea culture during the Yuan dynasty illustrates the transformation of traditional Chinese tea culture from the Song to the Yuan, with an upper-class break and a lower-class continuation. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, there were great changes in the order of the East Asian world, where tea was not merely a beverage but carried historical changes and served as a spiritual symbol in the East Asian cultural world, reflecting historical transformations.","PeriodicalId":51743,"journal":{"name":"中国社会科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42299525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02529203.2023.2223046
Wu Zhen
Abstract Ancient Japanese music books have been quite effective in preserving the way the Chinese culture of time evolved dynamically abroad. Studying the relationship of music and dance with the times and festivals revealed in Japanese music books can help restore the context of the rituals and customs of music lost in its Chinese homeland. Japanese Gagaku has succeeded in passing down the seasonal quality of ancient Chinese banquet music which echoed the cycle of times, seasons and phenology and produced a seasonal regularity under which the music corresponded to the season. Some more symbolic Chinese music and dance were selected as the standard music for festivals such as the Double Third Festival, the Double Seventh Festival, and the Dragon Boat Festival. The many aspects of the Chinese culture of time that were accepted by Japan were threedimensional: they included not only the calendar, solar terms, festivals, and other points of time and knowledge of the seasons, but also cultural customs such as sacrificial ceremonies, music and dance, literary narratives, meat and drink, and sports and games. The culture of time that originated from the Han and Tang dynasties not only sustains East Asian countries’ identification with natural laws and time, but also shapes their societies’ shared aesthetic perception of nature, time, and life.
{"title":"The East Asian Cultural Sphere of Time in Japanese Music Books","authors":"Wu Zhen","doi":"10.1080/02529203.2023.2223046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2023.2223046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ancient Japanese music books have been quite effective in preserving the way the Chinese culture of time evolved dynamically abroad. Studying the relationship of music and dance with the times and festivals revealed in Japanese music books can help restore the context of the rituals and customs of music lost in its Chinese homeland. Japanese Gagaku has succeeded in passing down the seasonal quality of ancient Chinese banquet music which echoed the cycle of times, seasons and phenology and produced a seasonal regularity under which the music corresponded to the season. Some more symbolic Chinese music and dance were selected as the standard music for festivals such as the Double Third Festival, the Double Seventh Festival, and the Dragon Boat Festival. The many aspects of the Chinese culture of time that were accepted by Japan were threedimensional: they included not only the calendar, solar terms, festivals, and other points of time and knowledge of the seasons, but also cultural customs such as sacrificial ceremonies, music and dance, literary narratives, meat and drink, and sports and games. The culture of time that originated from the Han and Tang dynasties not only sustains East Asian countries’ identification with natural laws and time, but also shapes their societies’ shared aesthetic perception of nature, time, and life.","PeriodicalId":51743,"journal":{"name":"中国社会科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42662865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02529203.2023.2223044
C. Yanping
Abstract Ronald C. Egan, a renowned American sinologist, is best known for his accurate English translations, exquisite readings, and innovative perspectives on the aesthetic ideas and pursuits of ci poets such as Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, and Li Qingzhao, as well as the scholar-official group of the Northern Song dynasty. However, through his longitudinal study of specific ci poets, he also shows a unique understanding of the development and evolution of ci lyric poetry in the Northern Song. An integrated analysis of Egan’s scattered articles on Northern Song ci poetry indicates that gender is key to his understanding of the evolution of ci in the Northern Song. On this basis, Egan has conducted in-depth research on three aspects: the gender perspective of the lyrical protagonists described by ci poets; changes in the form, content, and patterns of writing ci poetry; and new phenomena in ci criticism. His research further enriches the details of the evolution of Northern Song ci poetry and expands its historical research horizon.
{"title":"Ronald Egan’s Research on the History of the Northern Song Ci Poetry from a Gender Perspective","authors":"C. Yanping","doi":"10.1080/02529203.2023.2223044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2023.2223044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ronald C. Egan, a renowned American sinologist, is best known for his accurate English translations, exquisite readings, and innovative perspectives on the aesthetic ideas and pursuits of ci poets such as Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, and Li Qingzhao, as well as the scholar-official group of the Northern Song dynasty. However, through his longitudinal study of specific ci poets, he also shows a unique understanding of the development and evolution of ci lyric poetry in the Northern Song. An integrated analysis of Egan’s scattered articles on Northern Song ci poetry indicates that gender is key to his understanding of the evolution of ci in the Northern Song. On this basis, Egan has conducted in-depth research on three aspects: the gender perspective of the lyrical protagonists described by ci poets; changes in the form, content, and patterns of writing ci poetry; and new phenomena in ci criticism. His research further enriches the details of the evolution of Northern Song ci poetry and expands its historical research horizon.","PeriodicalId":51743,"journal":{"name":"中国社会科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47548095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02529203.2023.2192085
Chung-Ho Huang
Abstract There is a need and space for advancing the historical and theoretical exploration of the seignorial economy of the feudal era. Previous studies mostly focused on the field of manors, and did not pay attention to the importance of cities and feudalism to the composition and characteristics of the seignorial economy. Therefore, in this paper, the urban and feudal spheres are included in the seignorial economy in addition to the manor, and the seignorial economy is studied in a more holistic manner in order to reveal its intrinsic economic characteristics.
{"title":"Seignorial Economy in Feudal Times","authors":"Chung-Ho Huang","doi":"10.1080/02529203.2023.2192085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2023.2192085","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is a need and space for advancing the historical and theoretical exploration of the seignorial economy of the feudal era. Previous studies mostly focused on the field of manors, and did not pay attention to the importance of cities and feudalism to the composition and characteristics of the seignorial economy. Therefore, in this paper, the urban and feudal spheres are included in the seignorial economy in addition to the manor, and the seignorial economy is studied in a more holistic manner in order to reveal its intrinsic economic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":51743,"journal":{"name":"中国社会科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43813089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02529203.2023.2192081
Chao Gejin (Chogjin)
Abstract In terms of technical approach, holistic poetics takes the Lord-Foley oral-formulaic theory as the main line, and partially absorbs the concepts, tools and models of “ethnopoetics” and “performance theory”; in methodological terms, it borrows Smuts’ concept of “holism” to grasp the whole picture and characteristics of oral literature from the holistic point of view, while at the same time endeavoring to combine the analytical method with the holistic one; and in terms of world view, it starts with historical materialism as the basis for understanding and analyzing the internal and external laws of oral literature. While emphasizing the synchronic method and paying attention to the relationship and interaction between different factors, holistic poetics introduces the dimension of historical development, thus presenting the artistic features and social functions of oral literature from multiple aspects. Compared with the written word and the Internet, “orality” is an information skill that has a long history but always remains new. As it has been dominant for a long time, it is a reasonable starting point for the “holistic view.”
{"title":"An Outline of “Holistic Poetics”","authors":"Chao Gejin (Chogjin)","doi":"10.1080/02529203.2023.2192081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2023.2192081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In terms of technical approach, holistic poetics takes the Lord-Foley oral-formulaic theory as the main line, and partially absorbs the concepts, tools and models of “ethnopoetics” and “performance theory”; in methodological terms, it borrows Smuts’ concept of “holism” to grasp the whole picture and characteristics of oral literature from the holistic point of view, while at the same time endeavoring to combine the analytical method with the holistic one; and in terms of world view, it starts with historical materialism as the basis for understanding and analyzing the internal and external laws of oral literature. While emphasizing the synchronic method and paying attention to the relationship and interaction between different factors, holistic poetics introduces the dimension of historical development, thus presenting the artistic features and social functions of oral literature from multiple aspects. Compared with the written word and the Internet, “orality” is an information skill that has a long history but always remains new. As it has been dominant for a long time, it is a reasonable starting point for the “holistic view.”","PeriodicalId":51743,"journal":{"name":"中国社会科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44716581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02529203.2023.2192093
Huang Yanghua, Cui Jingbo, Lin Shen
Abstract Green technology innovation meets the dual expectation of innovative development and green development perspectives. Under the canonical demand-pull and policy-push theories, a long-term mechanism for green technology innovation could be formed through upstream policy push and downstream demand-pull. Leveraging China’s regional carbon emission trading scheme pilots as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper examines the policy-push and demand-pull effects on innovation in renewable energy patents. The data pertain to the city-level renewable energy patents from 2000 to 2020. Based upon the triple difference-in-difference method, results suggest that both policy-push and demand-pull factors exert positive effects on innovation. This paper further explores the practical and theoretical implications of green technology innovation under the new development perspective.
{"title":"Green Technology Innovation under China’s New Development Concept: The Effects of Policy-Push and Demand-Pull on Renewable Energy Innovation","authors":"Huang Yanghua, Cui Jingbo, Lin Shen","doi":"10.1080/02529203.2023.2192093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2023.2192093","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Green technology innovation meets the dual expectation of innovative development and green development perspectives. Under the canonical demand-pull and policy-push theories, a long-term mechanism for green technology innovation could be formed through upstream policy push and downstream demand-pull. Leveraging China’s regional carbon emission trading scheme pilots as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper examines the policy-push and demand-pull effects on innovation in renewable energy patents. The data pertain to the city-level renewable energy patents from 2000 to 2020. Based upon the triple difference-in-difference method, results suggest that both policy-push and demand-pull factors exert positive effects on innovation. This paper further explores the practical and theoretical implications of green technology innovation under the new development perspective.","PeriodicalId":51743,"journal":{"name":"中国社会科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47587810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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