Although the concept of value co-creation has been predominant in the marketing discipline, there remains surprisingly little research on value co-creation in branding. This paper aims to provide a systematic literature review to demonstrate how the value co-creation literature for branding and tourism destinations has evolved. A three-phase methodology was adopted to critically analyse 74 articles from 2010 to 2022 to collect ideas and develop a more comprehensive understanding. Five main research areas with several research gaps were identified and categorised as: (a) conceptual research on value co-creation in branding; (b) Technology enables value co-creation in branding; (c) Value co-creation in branding from Enterprises’ perspectives; (d) Customer engagement in brand value co-creation; and (e) Value co-creation in tourism destination branding. Apart from providing valuable insights into value co-creation, the findings also aid marketers in establishing more effective collaboration across a variety of stakeholders and their brands, notably in the tourism industry, thereby adding to the existing literature in the marketing discipline.
{"title":"Value co-creation in branding: A systematic review from a tourism perspective","authors":"Hồng Long Phạm, T. Pham, Tam Thanh Nguyen","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2597","url":null,"abstract":"Although the concept of value co-creation has been predominant in the marketing discipline, there remains surprisingly little research on value co-creation in branding. This paper aims to provide a systematic literature review to demonstrate how the value co-creation literature for branding and tourism destinations has evolved. A three-phase methodology was adopted to critically analyse 74 articles from 2010 to 2022 to collect ideas and develop a more comprehensive understanding. Five main research areas with several research gaps were identified and categorised as: (a) conceptual research on value co-creation in branding; (b) Technology enables value co-creation in branding; (c) Value co-creation in branding from Enterprises’ perspectives; (d) Customer engagement in brand value co-creation; and (e) Value co-creation in tourism destination branding. Apart from providing valuable insights into value co-creation, the findings also aid marketers in establishing more effective collaboration across a variety of stakeholders and their brands, notably in the tourism industry, thereby adding to the existing literature in the marketing discipline.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44630586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyses the types of affiliation in the hotel sector and identifies the factors that affect the choice of affiliation. Accordingly, this study’s objectives are: i) to analyse managers’ perceptions regarding the most appropriate type of affiliation; and ii) to uncover the factors that influence the type of affiliation they choose. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Findings show that management contracts and marketing consortia are adequate affiliation types for four- and five-star hotels. The terms of the contract, followed by the chain’s affiliation strategy, were the most important factors that most influence this choice. Limitations, theoretical and managerial contributions are presented in the end.
{"title":"Types of affiliation in the hotel sector – an insight into the Portuguese experience","authors":"S. Almeida, C. Costa, J. Simões","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2934","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the types of affiliation in the hotel sector and identifies the factors that affect the choice of affiliation. Accordingly, this study’s objectives are: i) to analyse managers’ perceptions regarding the most appropriate type of affiliation; and ii) to uncover the factors that influence the type of affiliation they choose. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Findings show that management contracts and marketing consortia are adequate affiliation types for four- and five-star hotels. The terms of the contract, followed by the chain’s affiliation strategy, were the most important factors that most influence this choice. Limitations, theoretical and managerial contributions are presented in the end.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46315141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvia Fresneda-Fuentes, Pilar De Fuentes-Ruiz, A. Lobo-Gallardo
The management of a World Heritage Site must have an intergenerational and sustainable perspective that leads to the development and implementation of policies for its sustainability. The purpose of this research is to expand knowledge on whether and how World Heritage Sites include sustainability dimensions in their management processes. Sustainability is envisioned as a multifaceted concept made up of financial, heritage, sociocultural, and environmental perspectives. A case study has been carried out at the Royal Alcazar of Seville, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. The findings highlight how sustainability dimensions intertwine with its management system. They also indicate that the financial and heritage dimensions are those that remain the most developed and that sociocultural and environmental dimensions are gaining prominence in management processes. Managers of other heritage sites can benefit from this research by acknowledging the role that all dimensions of sustainability play in the management processes of their organisations.
{"title":"Sustainability dimensions and World Heritage Site management: the case of the Royal Alcazar of Seville, Spain","authors":"Silvia Fresneda-Fuentes, Pilar De Fuentes-Ruiz, A. Lobo-Gallardo","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2619","url":null,"abstract":"The management of a World Heritage Site must have an intergenerational and sustainable perspective that leads to the development and implementation of policies for its sustainability. The purpose of this research is to expand knowledge on whether and how World Heritage Sites include sustainability dimensions in their management processes. Sustainability is envisioned as a multifaceted concept made up of financial, heritage, sociocultural, and environmental perspectives. A case study has been carried out at the Royal Alcazar of Seville, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. The findings highlight how sustainability dimensions intertwine with its management system. They also indicate that the financial and heritage dimensions are those that remain the most developed and that sociocultural and environmental dimensions are gaining prominence in management processes. Managers of other heritage sites can benefit from this research by acknowledging the role that all dimensions of sustainability play in the management processes of their organisations.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48491790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering the coronavirus risk, the purpose of the study is to reveal the group differences in travel risk perception, travel behaviour and behavioural intention in terms of the tourists’ sociodemographic characteristics – gender, age and past travel experience. A convenience sampling was used and members of the eligible travel groups on social media platforms were invited to respond to an online survey. A total of 160 responses were obtained from Turkey in January 2021. Exploratory factor analysis, independent samples t-tests and cross-tabulation analysis were performed to analyse the data. This study determined the differences in the risk perception of coronavirus, travel behaviour and travel intention of tourists in terms of gender and age of tourists. Although it is known that the higher the experience, the lower the risk perception, the study showed no differences associated with the past travel experience. This supposes that all tourists, regardless of their past experience, perceived the coronavirus risk in the same way as its influence has been tremendous globally. Consequently, tourism professionals should attract target markets at the appropriate time with compatible strategies regarding the sociodemographic factors.
{"title":"Tourists’ risk perception, travel behaviour and behavioural intention during the COVID-19","authors":"M. Ertaş, Burçin Kırlar-Can","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2606","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the coronavirus risk, the purpose of the study is to reveal the group differences in travel risk perception, travel behaviour and behavioural intention in terms of the tourists’ sociodemographic characteristics – gender, age and past travel experience. A convenience sampling was used and members of the eligible travel groups on social media platforms were invited to respond to an online survey. A total of 160 responses were obtained from Turkey in January 2021. Exploratory factor analysis, independent samples t-tests and cross-tabulation analysis were performed to analyse the data. This study determined the differences in the risk perception of coronavirus, travel behaviour and travel intention of tourists in terms of gender and age of tourists. Although it is known that the higher the experience, the lower the risk perception, the study showed no differences associated with the past travel experience. This supposes that all tourists, regardless of their past experience, perceived the coronavirus risk in the same way as its influence has been tremendous globally. Consequently, tourism professionals should attract target markets at the appropriate time with compatible strategies regarding the sociodemographic factors.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47173213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of alternative tourism types that appeal to niche markets is increasing daily in response to the changing demands and expectations of tourists. Apitourism, which is a blend of nature and culture, has attracted attention and has become an important niche tourism market in recent years. In this study, the tourists’ experiences of visiting the beekeeping museum, which is an attraction within the scope of apitourism, were examined. The notes written in the museum’s visitor book, and the observations made to support the notes, enabled the visitors’ experiences to be classified into 32 codes and six themes. The resulting themes, such as shedding light on the past, experiencing intense emotions, information and awareness, being a recreational activity, features of the museum, and staff. As a result of the study, some suggestions have been put forward for researchers and apitourism stakeholders.
{"title":"Reflections on visitors' experiences of the beekeeping museum: an analysis of the guestbook notes","authors":"S. Akyürek","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2569","url":null,"abstract":"The number of alternative tourism types that appeal to niche markets is increasing daily in response to the changing demands and expectations of tourists. Apitourism, which is a blend of nature and culture, has attracted attention and has become an important niche tourism market in recent years. In this study, the tourists’ experiences of visiting the beekeeping museum, which is an attraction within the scope of apitourism, were examined. The notes written in the museum’s visitor book, and the observations made to support the notes, enabled the visitors’ experiences to be classified into 32 codes and six themes. The resulting themes, such as shedding light on the past, experiencing intense emotions, information and awareness, being a recreational activity, features of the museum, and staff. As a result of the study, some suggestions have been put forward for researchers and apitourism stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44195511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the efficiency of the tourism industry in Greek regions during the economic crisis (2008 – 2016). It applies the methodology of stochastic frontier analysis that allows us to estimate the regional efficiency scores and rankings. The results show that the tourism industry in Greece enjoys high average efficiency levels and seems to not fall behind in comparison to its competitors. The regions of South Aegean and Crete are regarded as the leaders in the efficiency ranking. Greece, in order to achieve more economic, social, and cultural benefits from tourism should continue the structural reforms, improving the prospects of the sector.
{"title":"The efficiency of the tourism industry in Greece during the economic crisis (2008 - 2016)","authors":"Panagiotis Pegkas","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2376","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the efficiency of the tourism industry in Greek regions during the economic crisis (2008 – 2016). It applies the methodology of stochastic frontier analysis that allows us to estimate the regional efficiency scores and rankings. The results show that the tourism industry in Greece enjoys high average efficiency levels and seems to not fall behind in comparison to its competitors. The regions of South Aegean and Crete are regarded as the leaders in the efficiency ranking. Greece, in order to achieve more economic, social, and cultural benefits from tourism should continue the structural reforms, improving the prospects of the sector.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46248332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bieger, T., Beritelli, P., Laesser, C. (Eds.) (2021). Krisenmanagement und Zukunftsstrategien für den alpinen Tourismus: Schweizer Jahrbuch für Tourismus 2020/2021. St. Galler Schriften für Tourismus und Verkehr, Band 12. Erich Schmidt Verlag. ISBN 978-3- 503-19581-7. 225 pages. German","authors":"Craig Webster","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2371","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48260541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research is to find the optimal commission rate that the hotels pay the online travel agencies under cooperative decentralization. A Stackelberg game theory is utilized to model their decision making. The online travel agency who sets and provides a commission rate to the hotel acts as the leader; the hotel who decides the guest room rate is the follower. The results show that the optimal commission rate under cooperative decentralization is the ratio of the online travel agency unit cost to total unit cost. The sum of these two firms’ profit will equal the profits under the centralized channel. Notably, even decentralization occurs if through coordination, it can still obtain the maximum profit the same as under centralization.
{"title":"Coordinating commission to hotels and online travel agencies","authors":"Chi-Jen Chen","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2637","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to find the optimal commission rate that the hotels pay the online travel agencies under cooperative decentralization. A Stackelberg game theory is utilized to model their decision making. The online travel agency who sets and provides a commission rate to the hotel acts as the leader; the hotel who decides the guest room rate is the follower. The results show that the optimal commission rate under cooperative decentralization is the ratio of the online travel agency unit cost to total unit cost. The sum of these two firms’ profit will equal the profits under the centralized channel. Notably, even decentralization occurs if through coordination, it can still obtain the maximum profit the same as under centralization.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47856060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Štumpf, Martin Luštický, V. Vojtko, Tadeja Jere Jakulin
This paper focuses on the highly demanding issue of managing residents’ attitudes towards tourism development in urban tourism destinations. The objective of this study was to find efficient solutions in how to manage residents’ attitudes systematically to reduce residents’ irritation in urban destinations, which are considered as complex systems. Therefore, the systems approach methods such as system dynamics and simulation modelling were used. The presented system dynamic model represents the main theoretical contribution of this paper and fills a gap in the current theory of using systems approach to manage residents’ attitudes and reduce residents’ irritation. The model enables wide range of simulations and can be applied in practice in urban destinations with high tourism intensity to find suitable solutions for a particular destination. The case of Český Krumlov Town, the Czech Republic, show that regulating the number of visitors helps to reduce the overall irritation of residents, especially in peak times when overcrowding occurs, but this alone may not be sufficient to keep residents’ irritation lower in the long-term. Therefore, it is necessary to use a more advanced approach by combining visitor management with benefits for residents.
{"title":"Systems approach to residents’ irritation in urban tourism destinations","authors":"P. Štumpf, Martin Luštický, V. Vojtko, Tadeja Jere Jakulin","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2143","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the highly demanding issue of managing residents’ attitudes towards tourism development in urban tourism destinations. The objective of this study was to find efficient solutions in how to manage residents’ attitudes systematically to reduce residents’ irritation in urban destinations, which are considered as complex systems. Therefore, the systems approach methods such as system dynamics and simulation modelling were used. The presented system dynamic model represents the main theoretical contribution of this paper and fills a gap in the current theory of using systems approach to manage residents’ attitudes and reduce residents’ irritation. The model enables wide range of simulations and can be applied in practice in urban destinations with high tourism intensity to find suitable solutions for a particular destination. The case of Český Krumlov Town, the Czech Republic, show that regulating the number of visitors helps to reduce the overall irritation of residents, especially in peak times when overcrowding occurs, but this alone may not be sufficient to keep residents’ irritation lower in the long-term. Therefore, it is necessary to use a more advanced approach by combining visitor management with benefits for residents.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44683888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The attention that political parties pay to the tourism sector’s issues has been an underresearched subject for tourism science. This paper aims to fill the gap by analysing political awareness for tourism-related topics on a national level. It will answer the question of whether tourism plays an important role in parties’ manifestos and in which context it is addressed. To facilitate the research, the paper applies a quantitative content analysis as well as a contextual analysis. Results show that within parties’ manifestos tourism topics are discussed and used for the political debate, not only for their economic aspects but in the context of infrastructure and sustainability as well. It becomes clear that tourism on a national level serves as a vehicle to communicate the general ideological message of the respective political party. The findings of this paper complement earlier studies regarding regional politics and tourism.
{"title":"Degree of political attention towards tourism: An analysis of party manifestos during German federal elections","authors":"Ralf Vogler","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2548","url":null,"abstract":"The attention that political parties pay to the tourism sector’s issues has been an underresearched subject for tourism science. This paper aims to fill the gap by analysing political awareness for tourism-related topics on a national level. It will answer the question of whether tourism plays an important role in parties’ manifestos and in which context it is addressed. To facilitate the research, the paper applies a quantitative content analysis as well as a contextual analysis. Results show that within parties’ manifestos tourism topics are discussed and used for the political debate, not only for their economic aspects but in the context of infrastructure and sustainability as well. It becomes clear that tourism on a national level serves as a vehicle to communicate the general ideological message of the respective political party. The findings of this paper complement earlier studies regarding regional politics and tourism.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42551741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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