This study is devoted to applying parametric network models for the process of defining a guided tour route within route networks on the example of Denmark. This is caused by difficulty in determining variations when organizing guided tours. Under the actual digitization conditions, tourist and excursion bureaus are being restructured from static organizations administering various excursions into dynamic ones. They are actually getting adjusted to the customers’ needs and demands, taking into account the actual possibilities for covering a certain topic by the tour party within a route. The main problem encountered by tourist and excursion bureaus is the following. Although the nomenclature of presented guided tours is established by the economic entity independently, those are not always carried out according to a clearly defined itinerary and on the same conditions for all participants. When providing such services, customers’ demands and service peculiarities are not known in advance. The purpose of the present study is to provide a substantive basis for routing in tourist and excursion bureaus, based on parametric network models and taking into account the peculiarities of dynamically adaptable tables containing the best routes. To achieve the research goal, network planning methods were used, such as analytical, tabular, cloud computing in the AnyLogic Cloud environment. As a result of the study, a substantive basis of routing of the tourist route was presented for tourist and excursion bureaus, through their parametric network models. The study was implemented at the sample of the Denmark Tour -Your Guide Office, a company founded within cooperation with Russian, Ukrainian, and Denmark partners and providing travel services within the Denmark tourist market. The Office includes about 20 affiliates in Denmark, where route networks have already been adapted to designing tours in practice and parameterization of such networks is well underway, in particular by shifting the focus from the route distance rate to minimization of transfers between attraction sites. However, to provide a substantive basis for the routing in a tourist office, parameters of the routing networks should be determined not only based on the list of actions (activities) to be carried out, but also on their minimum and maximum possible duration. A lack of due attention to the servicing time for the tour groups will lead to breaking tour schedules. Thus, in 2020, as a result of the inefficient parameterization at Denmark Tour - Your Guide, about 5-6 tours around Aalborg and its vicinity were cancelled monthly. Denmark Tour- Your Guide incurs monthly profit losses at 15% in 4-6 tours around Aarhus and its surroundings, Jursland peninsula, rated at a fixed cost, as the result of payment of a fixed cost for the selected excursions. A similar situation, with breaking tour schedules and monthly losses incurred, is common with tourist and excursion bureaus in various countries a
{"title":"Routing for tourist and excursion bureaus based at parametric network models","authors":"O. Maslyhan, E. Todierishko, S. Zhukov, M. Kashka","doi":"10.21003/ea.v191-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v191-08","url":null,"abstract":"This study is devoted to applying parametric network models for the process of defining a guided tour route within route networks on the example of Denmark. This is caused by difficulty in determining variations when organizing guided tours. Under the actual digitization conditions, tourist and excursion bureaus are being restructured from static organizations administering various excursions into dynamic ones. They are actually getting adjusted to the customers’ needs and demands, taking into account the actual possibilities for covering a certain topic by the tour party within a route. The main problem encountered by tourist and excursion bureaus is the following. Although the nomenclature of presented guided tours is established by the economic entity independently, those are not always carried out according to a clearly defined itinerary and on the same conditions for all participants. When providing such services, customers’ demands and service peculiarities are not known in advance. The purpose of the present study is to provide a substantive basis for routing in tourist and excursion bureaus, based on parametric network models and taking into account the peculiarities of dynamically adaptable tables containing the best routes. To achieve the research goal, network planning methods were used, such as analytical, tabular, cloud computing in the AnyLogic Cloud environment. As a result of the study, a substantive basis of routing of the tourist route was presented for tourist and excursion bureaus, through their parametric network models. The study was implemented at the sample of the Denmark Tour -Your Guide Office, a company founded within cooperation with Russian, Ukrainian, and Denmark partners and providing travel services within the Denmark tourist market. The Office includes about 20 affiliates in Denmark, where route networks have already been adapted to designing tours in practice and parameterization of such networks is well underway, in particular by shifting the focus from the route distance rate to minimization of transfers between attraction sites. However, to provide a substantive basis for the routing in a tourist office, parameters of the routing networks should be determined not only based on the list of actions (activities) to be carried out, but also on their minimum and maximum possible duration. A lack of due attention to the servicing time for the tour groups will lead to breaking tour schedules. Thus, in 2020, as a result of the inefficient parameterization at Denmark Tour - Your Guide, about 5-6 tours around Aalborg and its vicinity were cancelled monthly. Denmark Tour- Your Guide incurs monthly profit losses at 15% in 4-6 tours around Aarhus and its surroundings, Jursland peninsula, rated at a fixed cost, as the result of payment of a fixed cost for the selected excursions. A similar situation, with breaking tour schedules and monthly losses incurred, is common with tourist and excursion bureaus in various countries a","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41639347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Zhailauov, Ergaly Abzalbek, Bekarshyn Zhumanova
We explore the issues of the real sector’s influence on the dynamics of post-industrial services (information, computer, scientific and technical research). Using a multifactorial correlation-regression model, we have obtained the results of the significance of the process and product innovation costs in mining and manufacturing industries on the volume of production in post-industrial services. This allowed the authors to conclude about the genesis of the process of industry digitalization in the basic sectors of Kazakhstan’s economy. Forecasting output volumes in the medium term gives reason to talk about positive dynamics of 4-5% in the post-industrial services sector. According to the authors, the revealed connection with industry requires development of professional standards for new specialties in the convergence of industrial and digital technologies. The following paper looks into two cases of professional standards that will be in demand in the mining and metallurgy in the medium term: designer constructor of industrial space refabrication and big data systems manager designer for metallurgy and mining. Digitalization of Kazakhstan’s industry requires introduction of fundamental changes in higher educational programs to ensure the interface between the classical technical, economic, and informational components of curricula using the dual teaching method.
{"title":"Industry digitalization opportunities in Kazakhstan: post-industrial services and human resources","authors":"Y. Zhailauov, Ergaly Abzalbek, Bekarshyn Zhumanova","doi":"10.21003/ea.v191-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v191-12","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the issues of the real sector’s influence on the dynamics of post-industrial services (information, computer, scientific and technical research). Using a multifactorial correlation-regression model, we have obtained the results of the significance of the process and product innovation costs in mining and manufacturing industries on the volume of production in post-industrial services. This allowed the authors to conclude about the genesis of the process of industry digitalization in the basic sectors of Kazakhstan’s economy. Forecasting output volumes in the medium term gives reason to talk about positive dynamics of 4-5% in the post-industrial services sector. According to the authors, the revealed connection with industry requires development of professional standards for new specialties in the convergence of industrial and digital technologies. The following paper looks into two cases of professional standards that will be in demand in the mining and metallurgy in the medium term: designer constructor of industrial space refabrication and big data systems manager designer for metallurgy and mining. Digitalization of Kazakhstan’s industry requires introduction of fundamental changes in higher educational programs to ensure the interface between the classical technical, economic, and informational components of curricula using the dual teaching method.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47581791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Blyznyuk, O. Maistrenko, Iryna Kinas, Ivanna Pererva
At present, most companies all over the world, including Ukraine, are experiencing negative consequences of the pandemic. Staff efficiency has decreased, so companies have experienced a decline in business productivity in general. The system of labor incentives should encourage staff to work more efficiently by introduction of an additional remuneration system based on performance-related payment system. According to the European knowledge, commerce is one of the sectors where the introduction of this additional remuneration system is common and effective. The purpose of this study is to develop and substantiate practical recommendations to improve the system of additional remuneration for sales and service personnel of the company from Ukrainian commerce sector, which would increase their efficiency in the company. The study identified the main components of the system of incentives and the main forms of stimulating work for the company’s staff. It is substantiated the main stages of the improvement sequence of the company’s staff remuneration system as a component of the personnel incentive system. The system of additional remuneration of trade and service personnel of the company from Ukrainian commerce sector was developed and substantiated. It was determined that the basis of an additional remuneration system of trade and service personnel was introduction of a percentage of total sales, which exceeded the established volume, as the main priority. The five-factor model for assessing the productivity level of sales and service personnel in the company from Ukrainian commerce sector built. By this model, effectiveness of introduction of an additional remuneration system for trade and service personnel of the company from Ukrainian commerce sector proved and evaluated. Further, authors will work out practical recommendations for the development the basic salary system for sales and service personnel of the company from Ukrainian commerce sector.
{"title":"Trade and service personnel remuneration in the company’s incentive system","authors":"T. Blyznyuk, O. Maistrenko, Iryna Kinas, Ivanna Pererva","doi":"10.21003/ea.v191-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v191-10","url":null,"abstract":"At present, most companies all over the world, including Ukraine, are experiencing negative consequences of the pandemic. Staff efficiency has decreased, so companies have experienced a decline in business productivity in general. The system of labor incentives should encourage staff to work more efficiently by introduction of an additional remuneration system based on performance-related payment system. According to the European knowledge, commerce is one of the sectors where the introduction of this additional remuneration system is common and effective. The purpose of this study is to develop and substantiate practical recommendations to improve the system of additional remuneration for sales and service personnel of the company from Ukrainian commerce sector, which would increase their efficiency in the company. The study identified the main components of the system of incentives and the main forms of stimulating work for the company’s staff. It is substantiated the main stages of the improvement sequence of the company’s staff remuneration system as a component of the personnel incentive system. The system of additional remuneration of trade and service personnel of the company from Ukrainian commerce sector was developed and substantiated. It was determined that the basis of an additional remuneration system of trade and service personnel was introduction of a percentage of total sales, which exceeded the established volume, as the main priority. The five-factor model for assessing the productivity level of sales and service personnel in the company from Ukrainian commerce sector built. By this model, effectiveness of introduction of an additional remuneration system for trade and service personnel of the company from Ukrainian commerce sector proved and evaluated. Further, authors will work out practical recommendations for the development the basic salary system for sales and service personnel of the company from Ukrainian commerce sector.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48604939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Melnyk, I. Leshchukh, Svitlana Shchehliuk, O. Litorovych
The article examines the features of current trends in the digitalization of the economy of Ukraine and Poland at the national and regional levels. The essence of digitalization of the economy, its relationship with economic growth, the position of the world on the level of development of the digital economy, and its components (Internet access, cyber security, digital competencies of the population, etc.). The positions of Ukraine and Poland in the international ratings of digitalization, innovation, and competitiveness are compared, Ukraine lags behind Poland in places in the respective rankings. The main reasons for this lag have been identified and the possibilities of improving Ukraine’s position through the implementation of state initiatives of strategic and program nature have been substantiated. National and regional differences in providing the population with Internet access in Ukraine and Poland are assessed. Taking into account the current trends in the digital economy in both countries, proposals have been developed for state assistance to intensify the mechanism of accelerated digitalization for Ukraine’s economy, in order to converge digital indicators (distribution and access to broadband Internet, use of European integration opportunities through EU4Digital at the present stage.
{"title":"Digitalization of the economies of Ukraine and Poland: national and local dimensio","authors":"M. Melnyk, I. Leshchukh, Svitlana Shchehliuk, O. Litorovych","doi":"10.21003/ea.v191-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v191-03","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the features of current trends in the digitalization of the economy of Ukraine and Poland at the national and regional levels. The essence of digitalization of the economy, its relationship with economic growth, the position of the world on the level of development of the digital economy, and its components (Internet access, cyber security, digital competencies of the population, etc.). The positions of Ukraine and Poland in the international ratings of digitalization, innovation, and competitiveness are compared, Ukraine lags behind Poland in places in the respective rankings. The main reasons for this lag have been identified and the possibilities of improving Ukraine’s position through the implementation of state initiatives of strategic and program nature have been substantiated. National and regional differences in providing the population with Internet access in Ukraine and Poland are assessed. Taking into account the current trends in the digital economy in both countries, proposals have been developed for state assistance to intensify the mechanism of accelerated digitalization for Ukraine’s economy, in order to converge digital indicators (distribution and access to broadband Internet, use of European integration opportunities through EU4Digital at the present stage.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41686638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Tishchenkova, L. Martseniuk, N. Cherniak, Oleksii Hruzdiev
Contemporary educational discourse is marked by versatility and inconsistency of viewpoints on the post-pandemic future of the higher school. The most widespread are the two approaches to the comprehension of the prospects of its development tentatively outlined in the presented article as radically pessimistic and unjustifiably optimistic. The proponents of the first approach speak of the «demise» of the neoclassical model of university and emergence of the new digital format of lifelong learning based upon mastering the utilitarian knowledge by means of local educational courses; the proponents of the second approach are confident in the utility of the «natural selection» among the universities and further existence of the institution of higher education as a small number of technologically well-equipped and innovation-oriented educational establishments. «Veritas in medio est», - state those who criticize both approaches, implying a post-digital hybrid model of the higher school which would preserve a culture-generating Concept of the university and simultaneously would have fundamentally new institutional characteristics and funding schemes. Fragmentation of society and culture, revolutionary changes in the methods of production and information transfer, acquisition by social networks of a leading role in the formation of the social consciousness - all this combined with the diktat of the developed consumer society and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, which proved to be destructive to the world economy, demands a new educational paradigm free of illusions and unreasonable expectations. Whether the institution of the higher education would become an archaism and would depart into oblivion or it will be reborn in a variety of novel forms, including the hybrid ones, of a university «without walls» and time restrictions? The search for an answer to this question has become determinative for the authors of the presented research.
{"title":"Higher education in the post-pandemic world: prospects for revival and risks for oblivion","authors":"S. Tishchenkova, L. Martseniuk, N. Cherniak, Oleksii Hruzdiev","doi":"10.21003/ea.v191-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v191-02","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary educational discourse is marked by versatility and inconsistency of viewpoints on the post-pandemic future of the higher school. The most widespread are the two approaches to the comprehension of the prospects of its development tentatively outlined in the presented article as radically pessimistic and unjustifiably optimistic. The proponents of the first approach speak of the «demise» of the neoclassical model of university and emergence of the new digital format of lifelong learning based upon mastering the utilitarian knowledge by means of local educational courses; the proponents of the second approach are confident in the utility of the «natural selection» among the universities and further existence of the institution of higher education as a small number of technologically well-equipped and innovation-oriented educational establishments. «Veritas in medio est», - state those who criticize both approaches, implying a post-digital hybrid model of the higher school which would preserve a culture-generating Concept of the university and simultaneously would have fundamentally new institutional characteristics and funding schemes. Fragmentation of society and culture, revolutionary changes in the methods of production and information transfer, acquisition by social networks of a leading role in the formation of the social consciousness - all this combined with the diktat of the developed consumer society and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, which proved to be destructive to the world economy, demands a new educational paradigm free of illusions and unreasonable expectations. Whether the institution of the higher education would become an archaism and would depart into oblivion or it will be reborn in a variety of novel forms, including the hybrid ones, of a university «without walls» and time restrictions? The search for an answer to this question has become determinative for the authors of the presented research.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42106685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims at identifying the role intermediaries in small medium-sized enterprises’ (SME) quest for eco-innovation according to an empirical qualitative interview among Jordanian companies as well as applied cleaner production as an a approach which reduces environmental pollution along with positive financial benefits for the enterprise. The lack of partnership between knowledge producers (academia) and knowledge users (industry) is tangible and unsatisfying. This also has negative impact on the innovation competitiveness of Small and medium enterprises SMEs. SMEs can access to and benefit from crucial external knowledge through alliance with innovation intermediaries, namely, the Water and Environment Centre (WEC) at the Royal Scientific Society (RSS). Cleaner Production CP is considered the method and tool to recognize where and why a company is losing resources in the form of waste and pollution, and how these losses can be minimized. The key finding that the proactive approach (cleaner production) is one essential push factor to trigger eco-innovations in SMEs. This finding indicates that SMEs might need facilitation for eco-innovation of different levels of support as well as, highlighting drivers and barriers for eco-innovation in SMEs.
{"title":"Intermediaries motivating eco-innovation in Jordanian small and medium enterprises","authors":"Reham Al-Hanakta, C. Illés, A. Dunay","doi":"10.21003/ea.v191-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v191-07","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at identifying the role intermediaries in small medium-sized enterprises’ (SME) quest for eco-innovation according to an empirical qualitative interview among Jordanian companies as well as applied cleaner production as an a approach which reduces environmental pollution along with positive financial benefits for the enterprise. The lack of partnership between knowledge producers (academia) and knowledge users (industry) is tangible and unsatisfying. This also has negative impact on the innovation competitiveness of Small and medium enterprises SMEs. SMEs can access to and benefit from crucial external knowledge through alliance with innovation intermediaries, namely, the Water and Environment Centre (WEC) at the Royal Scientific Society (RSS). Cleaner Production CP is considered the method and tool to recognize where and why a company is losing resources in the form of waste and pollution, and how these losses can be minimized. The key finding that the proactive approach (cleaner production) is one essential push factor to trigger eco-innovations in SMEs. This finding indicates that SMEs might need facilitation for eco-innovation of different levels of support as well as, highlighting drivers and barriers for eco-innovation in SMEs.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44749487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Grosu, N. Kholiavko, A. Zhavoronok, M. Zlati, C. Cosmulese
Agriculture is one of the important sectors in Romania in terms of expanding the cultivated agricultural areas, the number of people working in this field and contribution of the branch to the national economy. Considering the socio-economic dimension of the branch, agriculture represents a viable opportunity in Romania given the qualitative land fund and the pedoclimate’s characteristic still favorable for obtaining financial performance in agriculture. Financial management is a challenge for economic operators in the agriculture. Due to the seasonal character of it, the managerial act of managing cash flow tables is difficult, and managers reach a high rate of indebtedness of the company. The seasonal stage of storage and trading of stocks represents for managers another challenge of financial management and brings with it randomized elements regarding the efficiency of the managerial act in the agricultural sector. The aim of the paper is to conceptualize a modern financial management model timed in agriculture to reduce financial pressure and allow managers to gain more efficiency in managing cash flow charts. The research uses empirical and analytical study methods including literature review, analysis of economic efficiency indicators obtained by agricultural companies in Romania, study of financial projections to identify significant vulnerabilities in cash flows and conceptualization of modern financial agriculture’s management model. The results of the study will be useful to managers of agricultural entities in their approach to efficiency and performance within the development of financial strategies.
{"title":"Model of financial management conceptualization in Romanian agriculture","authors":"V. Grosu, N. Kholiavko, A. Zhavoronok, M. Zlati, C. Cosmulese","doi":"10.21003/ea.v191-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v191-05","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is one of the important sectors in Romania in terms of expanding the cultivated agricultural areas, the number of people working in this field and contribution of the branch to the national economy. Considering the socio-economic dimension of the branch, agriculture represents a viable opportunity in Romania given the qualitative land fund and the pedoclimate’s characteristic still favorable for obtaining financial performance in agriculture. Financial management is a challenge for economic operators in the agriculture. Due to the seasonal character of it, the managerial act of managing cash flow tables is difficult, and managers reach a high rate of indebtedness of the company. The seasonal stage of storage and trading of stocks represents for managers another challenge of financial management and brings with it randomized elements regarding the efficiency of the managerial act in the agricultural sector. The aim of the paper is to conceptualize a modern financial management model timed in agriculture to reduce financial pressure and allow managers to gain more efficiency in managing cash flow charts. The research uses empirical and analytical study methods including literature review, analysis of economic efficiency indicators obtained by agricultural companies in Romania, study of financial projections to identify significant vulnerabilities in cash flows and conceptualization of modern financial agriculture’s management model. The results of the study will be useful to managers of agricultural entities in their approach to efficiency and performance within the development of financial strategies.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41497205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The methodology of assessing the level of corruptibility of the society occupies an important place in the strategic programs of anti-corruption activities. The obtained rating indicators reflect the dynamics of corruption in the country, and the change of the state’s position in the ranking show the efficiency of anti-corruption policy. Since the data of obtained ratings differ significantly, the urgent scientific problem is to combine them in a single integral assessment. The authors have developed a methodology of integral assessment of the level of corruption in the country and evaluated the influence of different social and economic factors on it. Integral assessment was carried out on the basis of initial indicators Corruption Perception Index, Index of Economic Freedom, World Government Indicator, Doing Business, Political Risk Services International Country Risk Guide. We have used the method of modified principal component to determine gross coefficients of the above indicators in the integral assessment. The following indicators were found to have a significant impact on the level of corruption: human development index, education index, GDP per capita, coefficient of human inequality, employment to population ratio, unemployment. A multi-factor model has been developed that makes it possible to evaluate the efficiency of anti-corruption measures taken.
{"title":"Integrated assessment of the corruption level in the world","authors":"Nataliia Panasenko, Olha Myrna, Alla Svitlychna","doi":"10.21003/ea.v191-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v191-01","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology of assessing the level of corruptibility of the society occupies an important place in the strategic programs of anti-corruption activities. The obtained rating indicators reflect the dynamics of corruption in the country, and the change of the state’s position in the ranking show the efficiency of anti-corruption policy. Since the data of obtained ratings differ significantly, the urgent scientific problem is to combine them in a single integral assessment. The authors have developed a methodology of integral assessment of the level of corruption in the country and evaluated the influence of different social and economic factors on it. Integral assessment was carried out on the basis of initial indicators Corruption Perception Index, Index of Economic Freedom, World Government Indicator, Doing Business, Political Risk Services International Country Risk Guide. We have used the method of modified principal component to determine gross coefficients of the above indicators in the integral assessment. The following indicators were found to have a significant impact on the level of corruption: human development index, education index, GDP per capita, coefficient of human inequality, employment to population ratio, unemployment. A multi-factor model has been developed that makes it possible to evaluate the efficiency of anti-corruption measures taken.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43954916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Raimbekov, B. Syzdykbayeva, D. Zhenskhan, Aydar Mukanov
The efficiency of the regional distribution network (DN) has the greatest impact on the timing, cost of goods delivery and quality of customer service. On the basis of the analysis the main social, economic and environmental indicators characterizing the activities of distribution networks were identified. The authors evaluate the effectiveness of distribution networks of the regions of Kazakhstan on the basis of the selected indicators and develop recommendations for their improvement. Research methods include correlation and regression analysis; factor analysis of data with reduction and allocation of the most important factors and the method of data analysis (DEA-analysis) to assess performance. Statistical data from 17 regions of Kazakhstan for 2000-2020 were used for the analysis. The results regarding regional distribution network effectiveness show the uneven development of distribution systems in the regions of Kazakhstan - from high- to low-efficient, which is the reason for the growth of the return effect in the most prosperous regions and reduction of the return effect in the regions with inefficient distribution networks. The most important factors affecting the efficiency of DN are investments in infrastructure, goods turnover and cargo turnover, the value of inventory and retail space, the number of Internet and mobile app users, the length of roads, employment, the share of recycling and waste disposal. It is concluded that the reason for such a high differentiation of the regional DN is associated with weak government support for the trade infrastructure environment, uneven efficiency of the distribution network in the regions and their unequal development. The regions have been ranked according to the level of efficiency of DN functioning. The results allow us to conduct differentiated policy on measures to support and stimulate the development and management of distribution networks in the regions, based on their level of efficiency. The practical implementation of the recommendations will reduce the gap in the level of development of regional DN.
{"title":"Regional distribution networks: evaluation of the functioning and development efficiency","authors":"Z. Raimbekov, B. Syzdykbayeva, D. Zhenskhan, Aydar Mukanov","doi":"10.21003/ea.v191-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v191-09","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of the regional distribution network (DN) has the greatest impact on the timing, cost of goods delivery and quality of customer service. On the basis of the analysis the main social, economic and environmental indicators characterizing the activities of distribution networks were identified. The authors evaluate the effectiveness of distribution networks of the regions of Kazakhstan on the basis of the selected indicators and develop recommendations for their improvement. Research methods include correlation and regression analysis; factor analysis of data with reduction and allocation of the most important factors and the method of data analysis (DEA-analysis) to assess performance. Statistical data from 17 regions of Kazakhstan for 2000-2020 were used for the analysis. The results regarding regional distribution network effectiveness show the uneven development of distribution systems in the regions of Kazakhstan - from high- to low-efficient, which is the reason for the growth of the return effect in the most prosperous regions and reduction of the return effect in the regions with inefficient distribution networks. The most important factors affecting the efficiency of DN are investments in infrastructure, goods turnover and cargo turnover, the value of inventory and retail space, the number of Internet and mobile app users, the length of roads, employment, the share of recycling and waste disposal. It is concluded that the reason for such a high differentiation of the regional DN is associated with weak government support for the trade infrastructure environment, uneven efficiency of the distribution network in the regions and their unequal development. The regions have been ranked according to the level of efficiency of DN functioning. The results allow us to conduct differentiated policy on measures to support and stimulate the development and management of distribution networks in the regions, based on their level of efficiency. The practical implementation of the recommendations will reduce the gap in the level of development of regional DN.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46088923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Dvořáková, J. Horák, Z. Caha, V. Machová, Simona Hašková, Z. Rowland, T. Krulický
Research background. The need for an in-time, efficient and effective adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the technical, economic, social and environmental conditions of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 is a current problem caused by the introduction of new information and communication technologies, cyber-physical systems and artificial intelligence into all economic industries and areas of human life. The advent of new technologies is changing the entire value chains of Industry 4.0 - Labor 4.0 - Education 4.0 - Thinking 4.0, creating conditions for new business models but also pressure on flexibility and personalization of services or triggering new requirements for cyber security and the interdisciplinarity of access of small and medium-sized enterprises - providers and users of services. The current global COVID-19 health pandemic (2020-2021), with its economic and social impacts on all economic industries, has accelerated the use of disruptive technologies, principles, procedures, methods and tools of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 and the need for the support of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector in adapting to changes in the business environment. Purpose of the article. The main objective of the research is to validate, evaluate and discuss the functionality and content of the created methodology of adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the implementation of the principles, procedures, methods and tools of Society 4.0 and its applicability in business practice, specifically focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises in the area of knowledge-intensive services. An integral part of the research is to assess selected negative and positive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on business processes in the context of issues being tackled. Methodology. The methodological procedure to validate the functionality and content of the created methodology of the adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the conditions of Society 4.0 is based on the strategy of mixed research. An explorative sequence design was used as a key design of mixed dynamically oriented research, during which quantitative data collection, analysis and evaluation formed the basis for qualitative analysis and evaluation, which resulted in the interpretation and discussion of the research results and, at the end of the paper, the formulation of the issues that will be the next area of scientific research activity of the author’s team. In the quantitative part of the research, Fisher’s exact test was used for the verification of difference statistics in data obtained from testing a sample of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and from external project application sponsors providing services to this category of enterprises. In the qualitative part of the research, the Atlas.ti software was used for the evaluation of information obtained with respect to the
{"title":"Adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the conditions of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0: evidence from the Czech Republic","authors":"L. Dvořáková, J. Horák, Z. Caha, V. Machová, Simona Hašková, Z. Rowland, T. Krulický","doi":"10.21003/ea.v191-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v191-06","url":null,"abstract":"Research background. The need for an in-time, efficient and effective adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the technical, economic, social and environmental conditions of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 is a current problem caused by the introduction of new information and communication technologies, cyber-physical systems and artificial intelligence into all economic industries and areas of human life. The advent of new technologies is changing the entire value chains of Industry 4.0 - Labor 4.0 - Education 4.0 - Thinking 4.0, creating conditions for new business models but also pressure on flexibility and personalization of services or triggering new requirements for cyber security and the interdisciplinarity of access of small and medium-sized enterprises - providers and users of services. The current global COVID-19 health pandemic (2020-2021), with its economic and social impacts on all economic industries, has accelerated the use of disruptive technologies, principles, procedures, methods and tools of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 and the need for the support of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector in adapting to changes in the business environment. Purpose of the article. The main objective of the research is to validate, evaluate and discuss the functionality and content of the created methodology of adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the implementation of the principles, procedures, methods and tools of Society 4.0 and its applicability in business practice, specifically focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises in the area of knowledge-intensive services. An integral part of the research is to assess selected negative and positive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on business processes in the context of issues being tackled. Methodology. The methodological procedure to validate the functionality and content of the created methodology of the adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the conditions of Society 4.0 is based on the strategy of mixed research. An explorative sequence design was used as a key design of mixed dynamically oriented research, during which quantitative data collection, analysis and evaluation formed the basis for qualitative analysis and evaluation, which resulted in the interpretation and discussion of the research results and, at the end of the paper, the formulation of the issues that will be the next area of scientific research activity of the author’s team. In the quantitative part of the research, Fisher’s exact test was used for the verification of difference statistics in data obtained from testing a sample of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and from external project application sponsors providing services to this category of enterprises. In the qualitative part of the research, the Atlas.ti software was used for the evaluation of information obtained with respect to the ","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45183577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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