V. Dergachova, A. Dunska, V. Holiuk, I. Lutsenko, Maryna Pichugina
There is much evidence that export diversity has a positive effect on economic growth, but there is some evidence that the concentration of exports may be also related to economic growth. The paper is dedicated to the relationship between export diversification and economic growth in developed and developing countries for 25 years (1996-2020) and 10 years (2011-2020). Correlation between concentration index (Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index), diversification index (modified Finger-Kreinin measure of similarity in trade) and economic growth was studied to confirm or deny the statements concerning positive or negative influence of export diversification and concentration on economic growth. The results of the study show that concentration index is lower in developed countries and does not varies much over time. While developing countries show higher magnitudes of this index and higher volatility level of this index and its relationship to the world business cycles. Level of export diversification is higher in developed countries, which show more similar export structure to the world pattern comparing with other national economies. Diversification index dynamics in developed and developing countries was getting closer to each other in 2012-2020 and now they are almost the same, though export diversification level of developed countries is a bit closer to the world export pattern comparing to the developing countries index. The findings show that in developing countries export concentration index has sufficient correlation with their GDP growth rates in both periods. That means the more key goods they sell the higher GDP growth rate they get. There is no long-time influence on economic development of these states according to this lagged correlation study of 1996-2020 period. Study based on 10-year period show sufficient 1-year lagged correlation rate, but the hypothesis concerning lagged positive impact of export concentration of economic development of these countries during the last decade needs proof. Developed countries have weak or moderate correlation between export concentration and GDP growth. Hence, developing countries mostly concentrate their export on a few primary goods but there is a need of additional research to find out if they use this money to develop other industries. Eventually there are different economies in these groups and some of them have different exports patterns and development models. Correlation analysis of the relationship between diversification index and GDP growth in 25-year period has shown weak or rather moderate association that does not give us possibility to make an assumption concerning the sufficient impact of export diversification on economic growth. However, in 10-year study we observe high correlation between these data in developing countries, especially in 5-year lag study. If in case of developing countries we observe positive relationship, analysis of developed countries indices shows negative relationsh
{"title":"Export concentration and diversification impact on economic growth in the developed and developing countries of the world","authors":"V. Dergachova, A. Dunska, V. Holiuk, I. Lutsenko, Maryna Pichugina","doi":"10.21003/ea.v192-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v192-03","url":null,"abstract":"There is much evidence that export diversity has a positive effect on economic growth, but there is some evidence that the concentration of exports may be also related to economic growth. The paper is dedicated to the relationship between export diversification and economic growth in developed and developing countries for 25 years (1996-2020) and 10 years (2011-2020). Correlation between concentration index (Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index), diversification index (modified Finger-Kreinin measure of similarity in trade) and economic growth was studied to confirm or deny the statements concerning positive or negative influence of export diversification and concentration on economic growth. The results of the study show that concentration index is lower in developed countries and does not varies much over time. While developing countries show higher magnitudes of this index and higher volatility level of this index and its relationship to the world business cycles. Level of export diversification is higher in developed countries, which show more similar export structure to the world pattern comparing with other national economies. Diversification index dynamics in developed and developing countries was getting closer to each other in 2012-2020 and now they are almost the same, though export diversification level of developed countries is a bit closer to the world export pattern comparing to the developing countries index. The findings show that in developing countries export concentration index has sufficient correlation with their GDP growth rates in both periods. That means the more key goods they sell the higher GDP growth rate they get. There is no long-time influence on economic development of these states according to this lagged correlation study of 1996-2020 period. Study based on 10-year period show sufficient 1-year lagged correlation rate, but the hypothesis concerning lagged positive impact of export concentration of economic development of these countries during the last decade needs proof. Developed countries have weak or moderate correlation between export concentration and GDP growth. Hence, developing countries mostly concentrate their export on a few primary goods but there is a need of additional research to find out if they use this money to develop other industries. Eventually there are different economies in these groups and some of them have different exports patterns and development models. Correlation analysis of the relationship between diversification index and GDP growth in 25-year period has shown weak or rather moderate association that does not give us possibility to make an assumption concerning the sufficient impact of export diversification on economic growth. However, in 10-year study we observe high correlation between these data in developing countries, especially in 5-year lag study. If in case of developing countries we observe positive relationship, analysis of developed countries indices shows negative relationsh","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49024790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Chernysheva, K. Dobrova, E. Dobrova, Vera Kuznetsova
The national interests of countries directly depend on the world order established at a certain time, which constantly transforms, exerting key influence on international economic relations. Understanding the changes of the world order of economic systems allows to understand the transformation of the national interests of countries. All countries can be conventionally divided into attractor countries and satellite countries, which form their national economic interests in accordance with the interests of attractor countries. At the same time, satellite countries can eventually become attractors, and vice versa. The goal of the article is to study the existing world order and its transformation from unipolar to multipolar. To achieve this goal, the authors have explored a change in the concept of national economic interests depending on the influence of global changes in the economy and on the transformation of national economic interests in a particular world order; they have also analyzed the historical change in the world order and determined its current format and assessed the current export-import operations of the leading European countries. It is assumed that the national economic interests of countries have changed as a result of the transition from a unipolar world order to a multipolar world order, including the national economic interests of European countries. As such, the national economic interests of countries should be transformed with due consideration of situational combinations of attractor countries. To test this hypothesis, the authors have analyzed publicly available documents, including statistical data on export-import operations of the key European countries, Russia, China, and the USA. In general, it has been proved that a multipolar world order has formed at the present stage of international economic relations; decision-making at the international level and ensuring national economic interests depend on the situational cooperation of the attractor countries, while some satellite countries are gradually transforming into attractor countries.
{"title":"Transformation of economic interests in the context of the multipolar world order formation","authors":"A. Chernysheva, K. Dobrova, E. Dobrova, Vera Kuznetsova","doi":"10.21003/ea.v192-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v192-02","url":null,"abstract":"The national interests of countries directly depend on the world order established at a certain time, which constantly transforms, exerting key influence on international economic relations. Understanding the changes of the world order of economic systems allows to understand the transformation of the national interests of countries. All countries can be conventionally divided into attractor countries and satellite countries, which form their national economic interests in accordance with the interests of attractor countries. At the same time, satellite countries can eventually become attractors, and vice versa. The goal of the article is to study the existing world order and its transformation from unipolar to multipolar. To achieve this goal, the authors have explored a change in the concept of national economic interests depending on the influence of global changes in the economy and on the transformation of national economic interests in a particular world order; they have also analyzed the historical change in the world order and determined its current format and assessed the current export-import operations of the leading European countries. It is assumed that the national economic interests of countries have changed as a result of the transition from a unipolar world order to a multipolar world order, including the national economic interests of European countries. As such, the national economic interests of countries should be transformed with due consideration of situational combinations of attractor countries. To test this hypothesis, the authors have analyzed publicly available documents, including statistical data on export-import operations of the key European countries, Russia, China, and the USA. In general, it has been proved that a multipolar world order has formed at the present stage of international economic relations; decision-making at the international level and ensuring national economic interests depend on the situational cooperation of the attractor countries, while some satellite countries are gradually transforming into attractor countries.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68246725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the study, we identify and analyse how conceptual and applied aspects of megatrends of world politics are treated in the expert-academic community by outlining the specifics of megatrends of global development in the international political sphere. The paper summarises the megatrends of world politics that will shape the world by 2030. There is a threefold transformation of the modern political organisation of the world: the transformation of the Westphalian world political model, which is determined by globalisation, the transformation of the modern international system, largely due to integration as a megatrend, and the transformation of political systems. Global governance will be carried out in new formats, which will be reflected in the intensification of the institutions of collective world leadership. A change in the hierarchy of leading international actors, a rethinking of the power of leading global actors (US and EU), and the emergence of new potential political and economic global leaders are projected. The centre of world development is moving, the economic centre is shifting to the east and south. One of the central megatrends of world politics is the decline in human security, which became even clearer during the SARS pandemic, COVID-19, which will lead to the transformation of the modern international order. To these megatrends of world politics, we also adjoin the virtualisation of socio-political relations, a new model of change of political power and governance in individual countries, reideologization of world politics, inversion of fundamental values, universalization of migration flows.
{"title":"Megatrends of the world politics","authors":"O. Koppel, O. Parkhomchuk","doi":"10.21003/ea.v192-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v192-01","url":null,"abstract":"In the study, we identify and analyse how conceptual and applied aspects of megatrends of world politics are treated in the expert-academic community by outlining the specifics of megatrends of global development in the international political sphere. The paper summarises the megatrends of world politics that will shape the world by 2030. There is a threefold transformation of the modern political organisation of the world: the transformation of the Westphalian world political model, which is determined by globalisation, the transformation of the modern international system, largely due to integration as a megatrend, and the transformation of political systems. Global governance will be carried out in new formats, which will be reflected in the intensification of the institutions of collective world leadership. A change in the hierarchy of leading international actors, a rethinking of the power of leading global actors (US and EU), and the emergence of new potential political and economic global leaders are projected. The centre of world development is moving, the economic centre is shifting to the east and south. One of the central megatrends of world politics is the decline in human security, which became even clearer during the SARS pandemic, COVID-19, which will lead to the transformation of the modern international order. To these megatrends of world politics, we also adjoin the virtualisation of socio-political relations, a new model of change of political power and governance in individual countries, reideologization of world politics, inversion of fundamental values, universalization of migration flows.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41263845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Government interventions has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields. Scholars have been debating the scope and degree of intervention in the banking sphere that considers government capabilities. This study set out to provide some empirical evidence on the intertwined relationship between government interventions carried out through banking regulations and trust in the European Central Bank (ECB), taking into account the mediating role of financial system stability. A combination of quantitative approaches was used in the data analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis in STATISTICA was applied for hypothesis development, followed by the structural equation modeling (SEM) based on the statistical package SEPATH used for research hypothesis testing. This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring that financial system stability mediates the path between banking regulation and trust in central banking. It was found that stricter government regulatory and supervisory interventions in the banking sphere are changing the imprudent financial institutions’ behavior, however, negatively accomplishing financial development financial markets and institutions. Meanwhile, both financial system stability and banking regulations contribute to trust in the ECB. The research findings add to the growing body of research that indicates that stricter government regulatory and supervisory interventions in the banking sphere drive trust violations in central banking upon the causal chain by virtue of financial development financial markets and institutions deterioration.
{"title":"Banking regulations, financial system stability and trust in the ECB: a structural equation model","authors":"M. Mursalov","doi":"10.21003/ea.v192-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v192-12","url":null,"abstract":"Government interventions has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields. Scholars have been debating the scope and degree of intervention in the banking sphere that considers government capabilities. This study set out to provide some empirical evidence on the intertwined relationship between government interventions carried out through banking regulations and trust in the European Central Bank (ECB), taking into account the mediating role of financial system stability. A combination of quantitative approaches was used in the data analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis in STATISTICA was applied for hypothesis development, followed by the structural equation modeling (SEM) based on the statistical package SEPATH used for research hypothesis testing. This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring that financial system stability mediates the path between banking regulation and trust in central banking. It was found that stricter government regulatory and supervisory interventions in the banking sphere are changing the imprudent financial institutions’ behavior, however, negatively accomplishing financial development financial markets and institutions. Meanwhile, both financial system stability and banking regulations contribute to trust in the ECB. The research findings add to the growing body of research that indicates that stricter government regulatory and supervisory interventions in the banking sphere drive trust violations in central banking upon the causal chain by virtue of financial development financial markets and institutions deterioration.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45696229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article unpacks the pathways through which community-based tourism ventures can diversify. We argue that diversification can involve products, services and markets and it can take place at a geographic level (macro), community level (meso) and enterprise (micro) levels. This hierarchisation provides possibilities for diversification. The outbreak of COVID-19 has encumbered the growth and viability of tourism enterprises but may open new pathways through which firms can respond to its negative effects. Using secondary information available in extant literature, the article unpacks the impact of COVID-19 on four African countries to analyse the impacts and the mitigatory interventions that were implemented. The conducted study found out that Small Micro and Medium Enterprises were hard hit by the Corona virus such that jobs and incomes were lost with the possibility that some may firms may never open again given the inability to trade during lockdowns imposed by governments in response to the pandemic and inability to pay rent and debt. In response, governments established relief funds to assist firms to cope with the pandemic. We consider that enterprises can diversify and innovate as a copying mechanism with diversification taking the form of differentiation of the product offerings - by combining say carpet weaving and silkworm harvesting with marketing being done at community level. In sum, diversification is important for risk aversion and wading off competition.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on small community-based tourism businesses: diversification of opportunities and threats in modern Africa","authors":"O. Mtapuri, A. Giampiccoli, Sean Jugmohan","doi":"10.21003/ea.v192-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v192-15","url":null,"abstract":"The article unpacks the pathways through which community-based tourism ventures can diversify. We argue that diversification can involve products, services and markets and it can take place at a geographic level (macro), community level (meso) and enterprise (micro) levels. This hierarchisation provides possibilities for diversification. The outbreak of COVID-19 has encumbered the growth and viability of tourism enterprises but may open new pathways through which firms can respond to its negative effects. Using secondary information available in extant literature, the article unpacks the impact of COVID-19 on four African countries to analyse the impacts and the mitigatory interventions that were implemented. The conducted study found out that Small Micro and Medium Enterprises were hard hit by the Corona virus such that jobs and incomes were lost with the possibility that some may firms may never open again given the inability to trade during lockdowns imposed by governments in response to the pandemic and inability to pay rent and debt. In response, governments established relief funds to assist firms to cope with the pandemic. We consider that enterprises can diversify and innovate as a copying mechanism with diversification taking the form of differentiation of the product offerings - by combining say carpet weaving and silkworm harvesting with marketing being done at community level. In sum, diversification is important for risk aversion and wading off competition.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46606347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Kakhovska, D. Rasshyvalov, D. Popova, I. Tyshchenkova
In the presented research, a comprehensive analysis is undertaken in relation to such complex phenomena of the modern knowledge society as «intellectualization of economy», «human capital» and «lifelong learning» in their inextricable interrelation and within a single research discourse. Novel connotations, which have emerged within the content of these categories with the transition to the sixth techno-economic paradigm, were respectively substantiated. The definitions of intellectualization of economy have been provided with the account for specific characteristics of highly skilled labor that are formed by the system of lifelong learning. The latter, it its turn, performs social as well as economic and production functions which attests to an ambivalent nature of education as a public and simultaneously an economic good. It is proven that in all diversity of existing indices and studies on the intellectualization of economy conducted according to various indicators the assessment of the national system of lifelong learning is up until presently not used within these studies in the capacity of a significant factor of development of national human capital. The paper contains a research methodology developed and suggested by the authors for assessment of quality of human capital on the basis of analysis of the state of population enrolment in lifelong learning. The work incorporates an elaborated calculation of the corresponding index for ten countries of the world recognized as the leaders in the intellectualization of economy.
{"title":"Intellectualization of economy and quality of human capital in the context of lifelong learning system development in the world","authors":"O. Kakhovska, D. Rasshyvalov, D. Popova, I. Tyshchenkova","doi":"10.21003/ea.v192-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v192-04","url":null,"abstract":"In the presented research, a comprehensive analysis is undertaken in relation to such complex phenomena of the modern knowledge society as «intellectualization of economy», «human capital» and «lifelong learning» in their inextricable interrelation and within a single research discourse. Novel connotations, which have emerged within the content of these categories with the transition to the sixth techno-economic paradigm, were respectively substantiated. The definitions of intellectualization of economy have been provided with the account for specific characteristics of highly skilled labor that are formed by the system of lifelong learning. The latter, it its turn, performs social as well as economic and production functions which attests to an ambivalent nature of education as a public and simultaneously an economic good. It is proven that in all diversity of existing indices and studies on the intellectualization of economy conducted according to various indicators the assessment of the national system of lifelong learning is up until presently not used within these studies in the capacity of a significant factor of development of national human capital. The paper contains a research methodology developed and suggested by the authors for assessment of quality of human capital on the basis of analysis of the state of population enrolment in lifelong learning. The work incorporates an elaborated calculation of the corresponding index for ten countries of the world recognized as the leaders in the intellectualization of economy.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49566695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The promotion of efficient development of productive resources, specific geographic areas, and branches of the economy is the fundamental reference point of the financial and credit policy of the state. In particular, the agricultural sector has certain features of capital formation within the financial system of the state. This is reflected in the requirements and approaches to the development of financial policy by the state and in the corresponding mechanism for its implementation. Being an important tool within this mechanism, lending is aimed at ensuring the economic growth of the agricultural sector. State support facilitated the system of subsidizing loans by providing funds to reduce the cost of loans for farmers in Ukraine, thus encouraging increased productivity in the agricultural sector at the initial stage. However, gradually, this caused a debt agricultural economy that became dependent on the state and started negatively affecting the elimination of structural, intersectoral, and territorial disparities in the agricultural sector. Therefore, the article is relevant, with mentioned issues requiring immediate examination of state credit support to the agricultural sector as well as justification of financial and credit policy of the state with the view of mutually beneficial cooperation between banking institutions and Ukraine’s agricultural sector for stable and efficient development of the latter. The article analyzes the market of bank lending to agricultural enterprises. It also reveals the influence of bank lending on the development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine. The study identifies subjective factors considered as biggest сhallenges for lending to the agricultural sector in Ukraine. The core problems of lending to the agricultural sector in Ukraine are identified in our study, namely: increasing inflation risks; ineffectiveness of economic promotion programs, tightening of the NBU’s monetary policy, underdevelopment of the non-banking financial market, unfavorable conditions in the foreign financial markets. Measures are suggested to solve the problems of lending to the agricultural sector, the essence of which comes down to the development of partnership mechanisms between the state, agricultural enterprises, and banking institutions. А unified regulatory and methodological framework for lending secured by agricultural land should be established. The paper covers European land mortgage lending practices. In Ukraine, they might be adopted by directly raising public funds not only through an authorized state credit institution but also through private credit institutions operating in a market environment.
{"title":"Lending in the agricultural sector of Ukraine: challenges and solutions","authors":"О. Lemishko, N. Shevchenko","doi":"10.21003/ea.v192-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v192-07","url":null,"abstract":"The promotion of efficient development of productive resources, specific geographic areas, and branches of the economy is the fundamental reference point of the financial and credit policy of the state. In particular, the agricultural sector has certain features of capital formation within the financial system of the state. This is reflected in the requirements and approaches to the development of financial policy by the state and in the corresponding mechanism for its implementation. Being an important tool within this mechanism, lending is aimed at ensuring the economic growth of the agricultural sector. State support facilitated the system of subsidizing loans by providing funds to reduce the cost of loans for farmers in Ukraine, thus encouraging increased productivity in the agricultural sector at the initial stage. However, gradually, this caused a debt agricultural economy that became dependent on the state and started negatively affecting the elimination of structural, intersectoral, and territorial disparities in the agricultural sector. Therefore, the article is relevant, with mentioned issues requiring immediate examination of state credit support to the agricultural sector as well as justification of financial and credit policy of the state with the view of mutually beneficial cooperation between banking institutions and Ukraine’s agricultural sector for stable and efficient development of the latter. The article analyzes the market of bank lending to agricultural enterprises. It also reveals the influence of bank lending on the development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine. The study identifies subjective factors considered as biggest сhallenges for lending to the agricultural sector in Ukraine. The core problems of lending to the agricultural sector in Ukraine are identified in our study, namely: increasing inflation risks; ineffectiveness of economic promotion programs, tightening of the NBU’s monetary policy, underdevelopment of the non-banking financial market, unfavorable conditions in the foreign financial markets. Measures are suggested to solve the problems of lending to the agricultural sector, the essence of which comes down to the development of partnership mechanisms between the state, agricultural enterprises, and banking institutions. А unified regulatory and methodological framework for lending secured by agricultural land should be established. The paper covers European land mortgage lending practices. In Ukraine, they might be adopted by directly raising public funds not only through an authorized state credit institution but also through private credit institutions operating in a market environment.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45897212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scientific and methodological approach to the analysis of the peculiarities of the higher education market functioning in the EU countries in the system of human capital formation is represented. The purpose is to identify the chief factors influencing the development of the higher education market in the EU countries from the standpoint of human capital accumulation, to form scientific and practical approaches to improve its functioning in the economy of Ukraine. The author has proposed: to carry out a comparative analysis of the dynamics of higher education market in the EU countries (2013-2019) and in Ukraine, to evaluate the indicators of variation of this market in general and by educational and vocational levels; to determine the system of correlations between the capacity of the higher education market in the EU countries and the set of economic and socio-demographic indicators of development by means of multiple regression analysis. Taking into account the human capital accumulation, it is established that the market of higher education in the EU countries is characterized by a number of structural features: focus on education in public higher education institutions with a slight trend to reduce the share of students enrolled in them in 2013-2019; differentiation by educational and vocational levels of higher education, public and private higher education institutions; sensitivity to the economic situation and the state of budget financing, demographic processes, the amount of household income, prospects for employment and career growth. In view of the EU countries experience, it is important for Ukraine to pay attention to improving the functioning of the market segment of higher education services, which includes public higher education institutions and create a favourable environment for private education institutions activities, public policy measures aimed at macroeconomic stability, development of the labour market and improvement of the financial situation of households.
{"title":"Development of the higher education market in the EU countries as a factor of human capital accumulation: experience for Ukraine","authors":"M. Kichurchak","doi":"10.21003/ea.v192-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v192-05","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific and methodological approach to the analysis of the peculiarities of the higher education market functioning in the EU countries in the system of human capital formation is represented. The purpose is to identify the chief factors influencing the development of the higher education market in the EU countries from the standpoint of human capital accumulation, to form scientific and practical approaches to improve its functioning in the economy of Ukraine. The author has proposed: to carry out a comparative analysis of the dynamics of higher education market in the EU countries (2013-2019) and in Ukraine, to evaluate the indicators of variation of this market in general and by educational and vocational levels; to determine the system of correlations between the capacity of the higher education market in the EU countries and the set of economic and socio-demographic indicators of development by means of multiple regression analysis. Taking into account the human capital accumulation, it is established that the market of higher education in the EU countries is characterized by a number of structural features: focus on education in public higher education institutions with a slight trend to reduce the share of students enrolled in them in 2013-2019; differentiation by educational and vocational levels of higher education, public and private higher education institutions; sensitivity to the economic situation and the state of budget financing, demographic processes, the amount of household income, prospects for employment and career growth. In view of the EU countries experience, it is important for Ukraine to pay attention to improving the functioning of the market segment of higher education services, which includes public higher education institutions and create a favourable environment for private education institutions activities, public policy measures aimed at macroeconomic stability, development of the labour market and improvement of the financial situation of households.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48792377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the analysis of the results of digitalization, it becomes necessary to take the sociological component, along with statistical and financial ones, into account. Sociological index consists, first of all, in the understanding by the population of certain regions and countries of the processes and activities that are being held, the attitude to them and the readiness for the changes introduced by digital economy. This article provides data on the digital habituses of the population and their impact on the attitude to the development and implementation of digital technologies and the actions of the community within the framework of the current situation with digital technologies. It is shown in our research that about 25 percent of the population have habituses that do not explicitly or covertly support the development of new digital technologies. The influence of the habituses of the population on the attitude to the development and implementation of digital technologies, levels of digital literacy, protection of personal information, self-assessment of digital literacy and user level is determined.
{"title":"Impact of digital economy on the digital habituses of the Russian population","authors":"B. Podgorny, Nataliya Volokhova","doi":"10.21003/ea.v192-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v192-14","url":null,"abstract":"During the analysis of the results of digitalization, it becomes necessary to take the sociological component, along with statistical and financial ones, into account. Sociological index consists, first of all, in the understanding by the population of certain regions and countries of the processes and activities that are being held, the attitude to them and the readiness for the changes introduced by digital economy. This article provides data on the digital habituses of the population and their impact on the attitude to the development and implementation of digital technologies and the actions of the community within the framework of the current situation with digital technologies. It is shown in our research that about 25 percent of the population have habituses that do not explicitly or covertly support the development of new digital technologies. The influence of the habituses of the population on the attitude to the development and implementation of digital technologies, levels of digital literacy, protection of personal information, self-assessment of digital literacy and user level is determined.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49018468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of sustainable development is traditionally associated with the economy, society, ecology, and building relationships between them. At the enterprise level, this means that economic, social and environmental goals are at least consistent with each other. The validity of this understanding is beyond doubt. However, in modern conditions it is practically impossible to ensure the long-term and competitive functioning of enterprises without the use of information technologies in their activities. This article provides arguments regarding the need to transform information stability from factors into a determinant of sustainable development, thereby turning the traditional triad into a tetrad. On the other hand, due to this expansion, it becomes more relevant to assess the balance of the sustainable development components. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to develop and apply a methodology for assessing the balance of the economic, social, environmental, and information components of sustainable development according to the criteria of reliability, dynamism, and acceptability. Research results of small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia indicate that only two out of fifteen enterprises achieved a high level of balanced sustainable development. In most cases, regardless the sustainable development level, the balance of determinants is at a lower level. Moreover, cases with a high but not balanced sustainable development confirmed the assumption that a high sustainability level for some determinants can compensate for a low sustainability level for others. The results obtained prove that the real vector of sustainable development can be determined only in accordance with the balance degree.
{"title":"The sustainable enterprise development tetrad and assessment of its balance","authors":"A. Aroshidze","doi":"10.21003/ea.v192-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v192-10","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of sustainable development is traditionally associated with the economy, society, ecology, and building relationships between them. At the enterprise level, this means that economic, social and environmental goals are at least consistent with each other. The validity of this understanding is beyond doubt. However, in modern conditions it is practically impossible to ensure the long-term and competitive functioning of enterprises without the use of information technologies in their activities. This article provides arguments regarding the need to transform information stability from factors into a determinant of sustainable development, thereby turning the traditional triad into a tetrad. On the other hand, due to this expansion, it becomes more relevant to assess the balance of the sustainable development components. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to develop and apply a methodology for assessing the balance of the economic, social, environmental, and information components of sustainable development according to the criteria of reliability, dynamism, and acceptability. Research results of small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia indicate that only two out of fifteen enterprises achieved a high level of balanced sustainable development. In most cases, regardless the sustainable development level, the balance of determinants is at a lower level. Moreover, cases with a high but not balanced sustainable development confirmed the assumption that a high sustainability level for some determinants can compensate for a low sustainability level for others. The results obtained prove that the real vector of sustainable development can be determined only in accordance with the balance degree.","PeriodicalId":51923,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals-XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45393071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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