Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/04308778.2021.1896178
Niall Ó Ciosáin
ABSTRACT Among the principal Celtic languages, Irish is conspicuous for the paucity of printed production between the seventeenth and the nineteenth centuries. Various explanations have been advanced for this by Irish scholars and historians. Among them number suggestions that, since printing was an urban phenomenon, and since towns in Ireland were largely English-speaking, printers therefore lacked the necessary language skills. This paper evaluates such explanations through an exploration of printing in Ireland of texts in Celtic languages other than Irish. More was printed in Welsh than in Irish in Dublin in the 1740s and 1760s, while two substantial collections of poetry in Scottish Gaelic were printed in Cork and Galway around 1800. The paper concludes that Irish printers could work in different languages, and their supposed lack of linguistic skills was not therefore a major factor in preventing the production of printed Irish.
{"title":"The language of the printing-house: why so many books in Welsh and Scottish Gaelic were printed in 18th-century Ireland, and so few in Irish","authors":"Niall Ó Ciosáin","doi":"10.1080/04308778.2021.1896178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04308778.2021.1896178","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Among the principal Celtic languages, Irish is conspicuous for the paucity of printed production between the seventeenth and the nineteenth centuries. Various explanations have been advanced for this by Irish scholars and historians. Among them number suggestions that, since printing was an urban phenomenon, and since towns in Ireland were largely English-speaking, printers therefore lacked the necessary language skills. This paper evaluates such explanations through an exploration of printing in Ireland of texts in Celtic languages other than Irish. More was printed in Welsh than in Irish in Dublin in the 1740s and 1760s, while two substantial collections of poetry in Scottish Gaelic were printed in Cork and Galway around 1800. The paper concludes that Irish printers could work in different languages, and their supposed lack of linguistic skills was not therefore a major factor in preventing the production of printed Irish.","PeriodicalId":51989,"journal":{"name":"Folk Life-Journal of Ethnological Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04308778.2021.1896178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43791622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/04308778.2021.1899461
Lívia G. Torquetti
archaeology of counter-witchcraft, and the author often cites the writing of specialists Ralph Merrifield, Timothy Easton and Keith Thomas throughout his writing. Nevertheless, Magical House Protection will certainly stand as a key piece of sincere and valuable research into an underdeveloped area of both archaeological and cultural history. Hoggard’s book is a strong foundation to encourage further research in this field of study and is written in a clear and accessible manner such that it can be enjoyed by anyone with an interest in the subject.
{"title":"Calling the spirits: the history of the seances","authors":"Lívia G. Torquetti","doi":"10.1080/04308778.2021.1899461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04308778.2021.1899461","url":null,"abstract":"archaeology of counter-witchcraft, and the author often cites the writing of specialists Ralph Merrifield, Timothy Easton and Keith Thomas throughout his writing. Nevertheless, Magical House Protection will certainly stand as a key piece of sincere and valuable research into an underdeveloped area of both archaeological and cultural history. Hoggard’s book is a strong foundation to encourage further research in this field of study and is written in a clear and accessible manner such that it can be enjoyed by anyone with an interest in the subject.","PeriodicalId":51989,"journal":{"name":"Folk Life-Journal of Ethnological Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04308778.2021.1899461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46432515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/04308778.2021.1893955
Steve Matthews
ABSTRACT Before the First World War, Carlisle, a city of 50,000 people, had a rich and varied social culture of public houses. War-time concerns, expecially relating to a large munitions factory at Gretna, prompted the creation of the Carlisle Experiment (later known as The State Management Scheme) which became an attempt, through government ownership and control of the breweries and public houses and through government-directed social engineering, including innovative pub-architecture and design, to change the drinking culture of the area. This paper contrasts, with detailed examples of architecture and design, the different drinking cultures in the city before and after the introduction of the Scheme.
{"title":"Changing the culture of drinking: the public houses in Carlisle before and after the introduction of The State Management Scheme in 1916","authors":"Steve Matthews","doi":"10.1080/04308778.2021.1893955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04308778.2021.1893955","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Before the First World War, Carlisle, a city of 50,000 people, had a rich and varied social culture of public houses. War-time concerns, expecially relating to a large munitions factory at Gretna, prompted the creation of the Carlisle Experiment (later known as The State Management Scheme) which became an attempt, through government ownership and control of the breweries and public houses and through government-directed social engineering, including innovative pub-architecture and design, to change the drinking culture of the area. This paper contrasts, with detailed examples of architecture and design, the different drinking cultures in the city before and after the introduction of the Scheme.","PeriodicalId":51989,"journal":{"name":"Folk Life-Journal of Ethnological Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04308778.2021.1893955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43255730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/04308778.2021.1899479
Lillis Ó Laoire
{"title":"Peig Sayers: Níl Deireadh Ráite/not the final word","authors":"Lillis Ó Laoire","doi":"10.1080/04308778.2021.1899479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04308778.2021.1899479","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51989,"journal":{"name":"Folk Life-Journal of Ethnological Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04308778.2021.1899479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42140174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/04308778.2021.1899466
E. Larsson
{"title":"Our Gigantic Zoo: a German quest to save the serengeti","authors":"E. Larsson","doi":"10.1080/04308778.2021.1899466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04308778.2021.1899466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51989,"journal":{"name":"Folk Life-Journal of Ethnological Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04308778.2021.1899466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48263548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/04308778.2020.1804837
M. Bennett
ABSTRACT Eric R. Cregeen (1921–83) was described in 2005 by the Historiographer Royal of Scotland as ‘a social scientist of the highest order … a very fine historian and a very fine anthropologist … far in advance of this time … no one since has put the two disciplines together so effectively to illuminate the life of the Highlands.’ (Professor T. C. Smout, University of St Andrew’s). This paper gives a short biography of Cregeen’s life and follows his career that earned him the highest acclaim among scholars of folklore, folklife and language, as well as social, economic and oral history. Benefitting from training from the Irish Folklore Commission, and fieldwork experience in the Manx Museum, he moved to Scotland in 1954. Cregeen devoted the rest of his life to documenting traditions of the West Highlands, leaving a legacy of recordings and journals which now provide a rich resource for further research.
埃里克·r·格林(1921-83)在2005年被苏格兰皇家历史学家描述为“最高级别的社会科学家……一位非常优秀的历史学家和一位非常优秀的人类学家……远远领先于这个时代……从那时起，没有人能如此有效地将这两个学科结合在一起，以阐明苏格兰高地的生活。”(圣安德鲁大学T. C. Smout教授)。本文简要介绍了格林的生平，并介绍了他在民俗学、民间生活和语言、社会、经济和口述史等领域获得最高赞誉的职业生涯。得益于爱尔兰民俗委员会的培训，以及在马恩岛博物馆的实地工作经验，他于1954年搬到了苏格兰。格林的余生致力于记录西高地的传统，留下了大量的录音和日志，现在为进一步的研究提供了丰富的资源。
{"title":"A return to sources: the folk life legacy of Eric R. Cregeen","authors":"M. Bennett","doi":"10.1080/04308778.2020.1804837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04308778.2020.1804837","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Eric R. Cregeen (1921–83) was described in 2005 by the Historiographer Royal of Scotland as ‘a social scientist of the highest order … a very fine historian and a very fine anthropologist … far in advance of this time … no one since has put the two disciplines together so effectively to illuminate the life of the Highlands.’ (Professor T. C. Smout, University of St Andrew’s). This paper gives a short biography of Cregeen’s life and follows his career that earned him the highest acclaim among scholars of folklore, folklife and language, as well as social, economic and oral history. Benefitting from training from the Irish Folklore Commission, and fieldwork experience in the Manx Museum, he moved to Scotland in 1954. Cregeen devoted the rest of his life to documenting traditions of the West Highlands, leaving a legacy of recordings and journals which now provide a rich resource for further research.","PeriodicalId":51989,"journal":{"name":"Folk Life-Journal of Ethnological Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04308778.2020.1804837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46734834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/04308778.2020.1804171
H. Begiç
ABSTRACT Belief in the Evil Eye is strong in the Mediterranean region and equivalent practices based on ancient beliefs continue to exist across Anatolia today. In this context, the evil eye belief of Turkic peoples dates to early times within a pre-Islamic religious framework. Even with the Turks’ acceptance of Islam, evil eye belief continued side by side with the new faith. Over time, humans have developed practices to avoid evil and minimize fear and have likewise conferred power on prophylactic objects, combined with ritual practice, to ensure good fortune. Amulets based on such beliefs have an important place as protective items and are still found in popular use across Anatolia to prevent the negative outcomes of the envious gaze. In various forms and materials, they constitute a ubiquitous, if seldom studied, element of Turkish material culture. This paper presents and describes some common examples providing contextual information about their usage.
{"title":"Amulets from Anatolia: the material culture of the evil eye in Turkey","authors":"H. Begiç","doi":"10.1080/04308778.2020.1804171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04308778.2020.1804171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Belief in the Evil Eye is strong in the Mediterranean region and equivalent practices based on ancient beliefs continue to exist across Anatolia today. In this context, the evil eye belief of Turkic peoples dates to early times within a pre-Islamic religious framework. Even with the Turks’ acceptance of Islam, evil eye belief continued side by side with the new faith. Over time, humans have developed practices to avoid evil and minimize fear and have likewise conferred power on prophylactic objects, combined with ritual practice, to ensure good fortune. Amulets based on such beliefs have an important place as protective items and are still found in popular use across Anatolia to prevent the negative outcomes of the envious gaze. In various forms and materials, they constitute a ubiquitous, if seldom studied, element of Turkish material culture. This paper presents and describes some common examples providing contextual information about their usage.","PeriodicalId":51989,"journal":{"name":"Folk Life-Journal of Ethnological Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04308778.2020.1804171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46770333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/04308778.2020.1804161
Pádraig Ó Sabhain, B. McGrath
ABSTRACT The West of Ireland ‘Galway hooker’ holds iconic status in the region’s maritime heritage and identity. In this paper we explore its significance from the perspective of bádóirí (boatmen or hooker sailors) and saortha báid (boat wrights) in southwest Conamara, whose lives and family histories revolve around this traditional wooden sailing craft. Selections from thirty-three interviews reveal emotions and meaningful experiences resonating through family biographies: stories of sacrifice, loss, obligation, love, reverence and excitement. We also trace how the hooker characterizes a tangible culture, animating a distinct local, embodied knowledge and sense of place. No longer premised upon economic livelihood, but primarily practiced as a leisure and heritage activity, the hooker and its material culture confer an ontologically sensed continuity of connection to place and culture over time. Here we provide insights to the centrality of the hooker for coastal communities and its sedimented, intergenerational emotional and cultural connections.
{"title":"‘That’s the boat that reared us’. Maritime culture, place and the role of the ‘Galway hooker’ in southwest Conamara","authors":"Pádraig Ó Sabhain, B. McGrath","doi":"10.1080/04308778.2020.1804161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04308778.2020.1804161","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The West of Ireland ‘Galway hooker’ holds iconic status in the region’s maritime heritage and identity. In this paper we explore its significance from the perspective of bádóirí (boatmen or hooker sailors) and saortha báid (boat wrights) in southwest Conamara, whose lives and family histories revolve around this traditional wooden sailing craft. Selections from thirty-three interviews reveal emotions and meaningful experiences resonating through family biographies: stories of sacrifice, loss, obligation, love, reverence and excitement. We also trace how the hooker characterizes a tangible culture, animating a distinct local, embodied knowledge and sense of place. No longer premised upon economic livelihood, but primarily practiced as a leisure and heritage activity, the hooker and its material culture confer an ontologically sensed continuity of connection to place and culture over time. Here we provide insights to the centrality of the hooker for coastal communities and its sedimented, intergenerational emotional and cultural connections.","PeriodicalId":51989,"journal":{"name":"Folk Life-Journal of Ethnological Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04308778.2020.1804161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48709383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/04308778.2020.1814370
H. Holmes
ABSTRACT This paper provides a survey of healing wells as a background to help understand a personal narrative using autoethnology, self-reflection in personal experience to relate my own personal experiences of a number of visits to the clooty well at Munlochy, Ross-shire, in 2016 to deal with illness. Autoethnology connects an autobiographical story to a wider ethnological context. It assesses a researcher’s values and motivations in pursuing rigour in judgement and decisions. It has not previously been applied as a methodology used to study the Munlochy clooty well in any detail. By including a personal narrative as an element of the study, the paper offers an unusal perspective on the use and role of that well. The autoethnological approach attempts to retain a distance in the examination of personal healing experiences at the well.
{"title":"Healing at the clooty well: an autoethnological view of personal experiences","authors":"H. Holmes","doi":"10.1080/04308778.2020.1814370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04308778.2020.1814370","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper provides a survey of healing wells as a background to help understand a personal narrative using autoethnology, self-reflection in personal experience to relate my own personal experiences of a number of visits to the clooty well at Munlochy, Ross-shire, in 2016 to deal with illness. Autoethnology connects an autobiographical story to a wider ethnological context. It assesses a researcher’s values and motivations in pursuing rigour in judgement and decisions. It has not previously been applied as a methodology used to study the Munlochy clooty well in any detail. By including a personal narrative as an element of the study, the paper offers an unusal perspective on the use and role of that well. The autoethnological approach attempts to retain a distance in the examination of personal healing experiences at the well.","PeriodicalId":51989,"journal":{"name":"Folk Life-Journal of Ethnological Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04308778.2020.1814370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43572736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/04308778.2020.1809169
Bob Powell
ALHFAM stands for the Association for Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums. As an organization it celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2020 and in the reviewer’s opinion, although primarily ...
{"title":"The living history anthology, perspectives from ALHFAM","authors":"Bob Powell","doi":"10.1080/04308778.2020.1809169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04308778.2020.1809169","url":null,"abstract":"ALHFAM stands for the Association for Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums. As an organization it celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2020 and in the reviewer’s opinion, although primarily ...","PeriodicalId":51989,"journal":{"name":"Folk Life-Journal of Ethnological Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04308778.2020.1809169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47164486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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